How to make euro money out of paper. How to make toy paper money with your own hands

How paper money is made

The Chinese were the first to use cellulose fibers to produce a lightweight analogue of metallic money. Paper is used for the same purpose today. Of course the complexity technological process production of paper money has increased significantly, modern money paper is not at all what was used in China or any other country 100-200 years ago.

Typically, linen and cotton are used to make money paper. The content of cellulose in the final product is about 95-97%. The production process begins with the loading of cotton (we are talking about several tons of cotton fibers) into the boiler. Here, the starting material is kept under very high pressure. After that, the finished mass of fibers is poured into a tank, where clarification and cleaning are carried out. After that, the mass is subjected to pressing, placing in softeners. The next step is the addition of a special ink that changes the shade of the still wet paper. At this stage, the creation of recognizable watermarks is also underway (more on them below).

Sheets with protective fibers and watermarks are sent for drying, after which the paper is rolled into rolls. The weight of each roll can be several tons.

In addition to paper for the production of paper money, special dyes are also needed, chemical compounds, complex equipment. Domestic Goznak buys inks for banknotes from the Swiss company SICPA (makes special security printing inks, inks for sealing products, develops coding systems for excisable goods). According to representatives of Goznak, due to the growth of the Swiss franc, the cost of producing domestic banknotes is growing quite rapidly.
But Swiss paint has always been considered the highest quality. The cost of buying ink in the manufacture of banknotes in Europe and the world averages about 60% of the total cost of purchasing components and producing banknotes.

Interestingly, there are several ways to produce paper money, not all countries print money using the same method.

As for paper, one of the main requirements for this material is wear resistance. Money must be durable so that it does not deteriorate too quickly. The main indicator of the durability of money is the resistance to fracture and tear. Paper bills are constantly folded and unfolded, they are pulled by the corners and other parts. Therefore, they should not break. Tensile strength is determined on a dynamometer. This characteristic is expressed by the estimated length in meters of a strip of paper, with a break from its own weight. For money paper, this figure is thousands of meters (more than for ordinary paper).

In order to ensure the high quality and strength of the printed pattern, money paper must have the necessary degree of whiteness, opacity, smoothness and lightfastness. This paper should not change its color under the influence of external factors ( sunlight, For example).

In Russia, paper for money is supplied by only two enterprises. These are the St. Petersburg paper mill of Goznak and the Krasnokamsk paper mill of Goznak.

Paper protection

Paper money usually has several degrees of protection. Among others, watermarks are used, which can also serve as a kind of decoration. Create watermarks even when the paper is cast. The pattern is obtained by changing the thickness of the fiber layer along the plane of the bill. It is not easy to create a beautiful and clear watermark, for this you need accurate modern equipment. The watermark in some cases is combined with the pattern of the banknote itself.

In the production of money paper, there is usually a watermark workshop, where a large number of highly qualified specialists work. In particular, these are engravers who transfer artists' drawings onto stamps and a metal mesh of the so-called dendirol shaft. Sometimes the drawings are transferred to the mesh of the cylinder of a circular mesh machine. Dendirol is an equalizer that is installed on the grid of the machine and, when rotated, forms an imprint of its watermark on the paper web. This method is commonly used to create paper with a generic watermark. If you need an artistic local sign, it can be obtained by hand casting or using a cylindrical boom machine. In this case, drawings of the sign are stamped on the cylinder grid, and when forming the paper web, all conditions are created that make it possible to obtain a multi-tone artistic sign. Banknotes of many countries also have special protective (often colored or metallic) fibers.

The watermark must be clearly visible on all banknotes, and be absolutely identical for all banknotes of the same circulation. Forging a watermark is not easy, especially for portraits.

Throughout the entire time of circulation of paper money, their identity must be ensured. In practice, this means that if a banknote, a banknote sample is valid for several decades, then the money that was made in last years the actions of this bill must be identical with the money that was issued at the very beginning of the period. True, some changes may be made during this period - for example, new protections may be added. Modification decision appearance banknotes are accepted by special authorities, all changes are recorded. In Russia, such control is exercised by the Bank of Russia.
Development of a banknote

The creation of banknotes is a very complex and rather lengthy process, which involves specialists from various fields. These are financiers, and artists, and Goznak specialists (in the case of Russia), who are actively involved in the process of creating new money. After the customer (the state) has indicated all the necessary criteria for making a banknote, artists and engravers begin their work.

The sketch is created first - it is developed taking into account all the criteria for the technological capabilities of production, with the help of which future money will be printed in the future. One of the main requirements for paper banknotes is to demonstrate that the developed banknote belongs to the state-manufacturer. This is done by introducing elements of the unique symbols of the state. They can be state symbols, text, portraits of famous people in this state. Usually large denominations of banknotes have a much more complex pattern and number of degrees of protection than small ones.

After the sketch is ready, specialists create a printed project with special printing forms that allow replicating banknotes in the future. High-class specialists take part here, including photographers, engravers, artists, etchers, engravers, stampers, and designers. In the case of Russia, these personnel are trained only by Goznak. Modern Process money production includes without fail and computer technology. As soon as the first printed draft of a new banknote is ready, it is sent to a special commission for study and approval. If the received version is approved, then the production of special forms for replicating money begins.

Printing money

There are four main printing methods used in the process of printing paper money. These are offset, intaglio, typographical and Oryol printing. The most popular and used are intaglio and Oryol printing methods. Interestingly, the Swiss company KBA-NotaSys SA manufactures about 90% of all printing and press machines for the manufacture of banknotes on the world market. These machines, in particular, are also used at Goznak.

Oryol seal

Despite the fact that this printing method was developed in 1891, it is still used today. The name of the printing process comes from the name of the Goznak specialist Ivan Orlov, who developed this method. Then, to print banknotes in a typographical way, it was necessary to prepare a separate printing form for each of the colors of the banknote pattern. Each form was imprinted on a piece of special paper. Matching the lines and borders of the paint using this method was not perfect, since even the use of a computer and industrial systems does not give a perfect result, not to mention the technologies of the late 19th century.

Ivan Orlov managed to introduce a special elastic roller with a soft structure and intermediate forms. At the same time, each form has its own pattern for each of the colors on the original. When printing, such a template transfers its own fragment to the right place on the prefabricated shaft, and already from the shaft the full palette of colors is transferred to the prefabricated general form, where the entire drawing of the original is displayed in full.

The advantage of the method is that it allows you to apply a pattern on banknotes with almost jewelry accuracy, with the coincidence of all the borders of patterns and lines. In addition, the method allows, in the course of just one run of the sheet through the printing installation, to create the necessary fragment of the picture, which almost with 100% accuracy corresponds to the original. It is difficult to repeat such accuracy for a counterfeiter, although, of course, there are specialists of the highest class.

Offset printing

With the help of offset printing, a so-called background grid and a number of additional elements are usually created. In small banknotes, the main pattern is sometimes applied using offset printing. Since the ink is transferred from the printing plate to the paper through an intermediate offset cylinder, the image itself on the printing plate is made straight, not mirrored.

It is interesting that with this printing method, regular and whitespace form elements are in the same plane. But the surfaces of the elements have different physicochemical properties. So, the printing elements are hydrophobic, they hold ink well, repelling moisture. But the gap elements are hydrophilic, they absorb water, but repel paint.

Banknote inks are generally divided into three color groups. This is the blue group, red and yellow. For each group, a special form is made by photomethod. The paint from the plates is first transferred to the rubber coating of the cylinder, and the cylinder prints the pattern on paper.

Here's how US dollars are printed:

Metallographic printing

This is another common method of printing bills. It has been known for a long time, and it was first used for banknotes in 1887. For printing in this case, specially made forms of steel or nickel are used.
These forms are almost perfectly polished plates, on which the desired pattern is applied using a special press. The original form is made by hand by engraving. In Russian there is a special term for the original form. This is the "original stamp". When printing banknotes in this way, the details of the engraving machines create complex patterns for the banknotes. These patterns consist of a large number of lines. After the etching process, an element of the general image appears, which is placed on the banknote.
These elements, combined with hand engraved and printed in font form a single image of the banknote. This image after production is replicated for the printing process. True, this requires high-precision equipment, as a rule, this is a high-frequency machine and an automated electroplating line.

According to experts, the main advantage of the method of intaglio printing is that it can be used to reproduce a wide range of bright colors for printing. If you use different depths and widths of drawing, you can achieve a wide variety of colorful effects, often voluminous.

When printing, ink is applied to printing plates using prepared rubber templates. She goes to the engraving and blank elements. After these elements, the paint is erased, and the form is ready for drawing a picture on paper. The drawing is applied during the application of the form to the paper under high pressure. Metallographic printing is divided into two types. This is gravure printing, when images are transmitted from a printing plate, on which the printing elements are significantly deepened in relation to the blanks. And letterpress, when the printing elements on the forms are located above the whitespace. Letterpress printing is used to apply a design on large banknotes, serial numbers and a number of important elements of small and large denominations of banknotes.

After the banknotes are printed, the uncut sheets are sent to a special workshop where they are cut into individual banknotes. After that, the money is counted with the help of a machine and packed, they are sent to “free float” around the country and abroad.

04.09.2015 16.10.2015 by [email protected]

Neat piles of coins are undoubtedly beautiful and even very impressive, but when the same coins pull the pocket, it’s not pleasant enough. But paper banknotes can even be rolled into a tube, even folded in a pile - it’s convenient. But how these banknotes are made is a state secret, the veil of which we will lift a little.

money paper

Paper money is an ancient and completely non-European invention. In Europe, the printing of paper banknotes was started only at the end of the 17th century.

The pioneers in money printing were the Swedes. In 1644, copper coins came into circulation, which were not very convenient and depreciated very quickly. Then the founder of the Stockholm Bank, which opened in 1657, Johann Palmstruh, proposed the introduction of a new monetary unit - temporary credit paper (Kreditivsedlar). In July 1661, a batch of banknotes was printed.

Alas, Mr. Palmstruch suffered a serious setback: there was too much money printed, and for his mistake he paid with his head in the most literal sense. Only a few banknotes from that batch have been preserved, which today are the rarest specimens and the dream of many collectors.

What kind of paper money was not printed on. Once, several books, including liturgical ones, were even used for this work. However, it turned out that paper banknotes "live" for a very short time and therefore it is necessary to find the most durable version of paper, which will extend the life of paper money for at least a few months.

Without going into details, paper is made from wood, more precisely, from cellulose obtained from it. And for the manufacture of extra strong paper for printing money, cotton and linen fibers are used. In addition, in order for the paper to be as strong as possible, various impregnations and fillers are mixed with it. Paper is processed either only superficially, or even at the manufacturing stage. For sizing, starch, melamine-formaldehyde resin and other similar materials are used, which give the new banknotes this magical unique crunch.

The process of making money paper is a laborious task, and the technology has quite a lot in common with the method used by the Arabs in antiquity. Sheets, which at the final stage will be cut into banknotes, are formed on the grid of the paper machine from the liquid mass. The basis is water, in which fibrous components are suspended. Along the way, the water flows off, and a fibrous layer is formed on the mesh, which is then sent under a press and then dried.

Money paper differs from ordinary paper in that it is not bleached. It is for this reason that banknotes look dark under ultraviolet rays, and plain paper will fluoresce blue. After the sheets are ready, a real crash test awaits them.

The paper must be tested for durability: first, with instruments, then future banknotes are folded, torn and compared with standards of whiteness and haze. Good money paper should not change its color and reduce mechanical strength in the sun. The best indicators in this sense are shown by sheets made of flax and cotton fibers. The ink layer on the paper should be well fixed and be strong enough for abrasion.

2. Banknote protection

To minimize the possibility of counterfeiting banknotes, which is a serious state crime, various security elements are added to money paper. The first and only frontier of protection was watermarks, which are formed during the casting of paper due to the different thickness of the fiber layer.

Over time, it turned out that watermarks alone were not enough and they began to introduce additional protective elements. They began to add narrow polymer strips to the paper - security threads. They can be different: shiny metallized, transparent or not, fluorescent in ultraviolet and even magnetic. The thread can be hidden in the mass of paper or located partly in the mass, and partly on the surface of the banknote - a diving thread. Often microtext is printed on security threads.

3. Printing pattern on banknotes

To apply the corresponding pattern to money paper, a number of manipulations are required: several various ways and printing technologies. Let's talk a little about what and how they "draw" on banknotes. Banknote design is a delicate matter. Many people are working on this, from various consultants to professional artists. Before a batch of banknotes is printed, several dozen sketches of varying degrees of detail will be drawn. But now we are talking about something else.

Offset printing. It is used to print the background grid, various rosettes and the main pattern on small banknotes. Three color groups are used - blue, red and yellow. Both sides of the banknote are printed simultaneously, modern printing machines operate at speeds up to 8,000 sheets per hour.

Letterpress. Metal engraving is done by hand, which is converted into a metal plate, which is then used for printing. This method is used for drawing a pattern on large banknotes and small elements on banknotes of a smaller denomination.

Metallography. Gravure printing method: the ink that fills the recesses in the printing plate is transferred to the paper under great pressure. In this case, the paper is pressed into the recesses. The intaglio pattern protrudes above the surface of the paper, which is determined by touch and is clearly visible when magnified. Even the thinnest strokes of the print are distinguished by high definition.

Iris rumble. Have you noticed a smooth change in the color of the print lines along one of the sides of the bill? This is the iris peal. Another unique way is the Oryol seal. The main sign of such a print is the exact combination of differently colored elements without breaks and line shifts. The Oryol seal is used to apply ornaments, protective nets, rosettes, etc.

In addition to printing itself, embossing, perforation and numbering are also used. All this allows you to track the circulation of paper banknotes, establish their authenticity, as well as control wear and tear and replace old banknotes with new ones.

Fake money will be a great addition to board games, educational activities with children and even for performances. However, you should always carefully follow all the rules of the law if you decide to make such money. First color the paper or immediately take sheets of various bright colors. Then design your banknotes manually or download a ready-made template from the Internet. Print or copy the final result, cut out banknotes and use them as you intended.

Steps

Part 1

Mix water and coffee in a bowl or skillet. If you don't want your banknotes to be bright white color, you can try pre-coloring the paper with coffee to make the color of the banknotes closer to the real one. Take coffee cup and fill it halfway hot water. Add 3 tablespoons (about 45 ml) of instant coffee and stir quickly. You will have a dark brown liquid. Pour it into a shallow bowl or skillet.

• If you want to make the banknotes only slightly yellowed, add a little more water to the mug.
• If you don't have instant coffee on hand, you can use a tea bag and brew it in a cup of hot water.
• To make the color of banknotes even more interesting, put 1-2 drops of green into the mug. food coloring and stir quickly. This will give the banknotes a greenish tint.

Dip the paper into the solution. Take a sheet of paper, bring it to the bowl of solution and dip it into it. Try to dampen both sides of the sheet evenly. This way you will get a uniform color. Work as quickly as possible so as not to soak the paper to the point where it begins to tear.

Lay one sheet of paper on a plate. Take a plate that can be used in microwave oven, and place one sheet of paper on top of it. The paper should lie flat right in the center of the plate. You will need separate plates for each sheet of paper. Or you have to wait until each next sheet cools down after heating in the microwave.

Microwave each individual sheet of paper to dry. Place a plate of paper in the microwave for 20 seconds on high heat. Then take out the plate and touch the paper with your finger. If it's still damp, heat it for another 10 seconds, repeat until the paper is dry. Set the finished piece of paper aside. Repeat the process with the next plate and sheet of paper.

Alternatively, let the paper dry on its own. If you decide not to use the microwave, lay out the paper on the baking trays. Make sure that the sheets do not overlap each other, otherwise the drying time will increase. Paper can also be hung to dry on a clothesline using clothespins.

Part 2

1. Strictly follow the law. Know that the issuance of money is regulated by the state, and counterfeiting is punishable by law. It is recommended to reduce fake money to 75% of the size of real banknotes or increase it to 150%. It's also wise to make the money one-sided, or add a pale diagonal "toy" or "sample" to it. Be sure to check the current laws so you don't get in trouble for "counterfeiting".

2. Design your own banknotes. If you want to avoid working with a computer and a printer, you can use a pen and draw all the necessary elements of banknotes directly on paper. Try to first attach a real banknote to the paper, and then circle its outer contours. Then, using a capillary or gel pen freehand draw the necessary details of the banknote inside the resulting rectangle.

   • This method is especially good for creating fake money for children's entertainment, as it will allow you (or children) to put any images on banknotes.

3. Download toy money templates. Sit down at your computer and search for “toy money templates” or “play money”. Download the document you like and add any necessary details to it. In some cases, you will be able to change the numbers and inscriptions on the template. You can also adjust the size of the banknote so that it does not violate any laws.

   • On some sites, you can even create banknote templates with your own photo in the center.

4. Use the official samples of banknotes from the Central Bank. On the website of the Central Bank, for informational purposes, samples of banknotes of the Russian Federation are presented, on which the corresponding inscriptions “sample” are affixed. If necessary, you can use the images presented there. Just go to the site, open the page of the banknote you need and download a sample of its appearance in order to print it later.

   • Moreover, on the website of the Central Bank you will also find an image of the coins.

5. Buy ready-made play money. In addition, you have the opportunity to find organizations that sell fancy dress, as well as goods for holidays and entertainment. They can find ready-made sets of banknotes for filming, theatrical productions and other purposes. At the same time, bills can be both quite realistic and generalized copies of real money, which will look like them from afar.

   • When buying ready-made play money, you can be sure that they do not violate the requirements of the law.
   • However, buying fake money can be quite expensive. You must fully understand what exactly you are buying with your funds.
   • In most cases, you will need to buy a whole roll or bundle of banknotes rather than individual banknotes.

The first money appeared a very, very long time ago. At first, their functions were performed by stones, pearls, mollusk shells and other items that were at hand. All this was replaced by metal coins, and then it came to paper. What is paper money made of? What kind of material is used to create modern banknotes?

What is paper money made of?

Forging coins, of course, is an exciting activity, but it was accompanied by a number of difficulties. Firstly, the metal for them must first be mined. Secondly, the coins were too heavy - one bunch could weigh about three kilograms.

For the first time, they tried to replace inconvenient money around the 1st century BC. e. in China using deer skin. Such an invention was not widely used, and in the 9th century A.D. e. China already has a paper currency.

It was much lighter, more convenient and more like a certificate or receipt of a person's ability to pay, which a merchant could exchange for coins. Independent banknotes appeared a century later. They were made from wood and vegetable pulp mixed with starch or glue. The material was usually wood ash and mulberry bark.

Over the years, the technology for producing banknotes has changed a long time ago. What is paper money made of now? The raw materials for them are cotton and linen in various proportions. They contain more cellulose than regular wood, which means they provide greater strength and wear resistance. The amount of cotton depends on the specific country, but generally ranges from 70% and above. In the USA, for example, it is 75%, and the remaining 25% is linen.

Manufacturing process

Now that we have learned what paper money is made of, let's talk about the technology itself. To begin with, vegetable raw materials are converted into a single liquid mass. Then it is poured onto a special mesh, on which the water is filtered and only a mixture of fibers remains.

For ebb or straining, there are two types of equipment. Table machines look like a flat horizontal grid. The circular mesh machine has the form of a cylinder. To get rid of residual moisture, the mixture is placed under a press, and then dried.

The main qualities that a banknote should have are resistance to various mechanical influences. To give strength to the fibrous mass, starch, resins or other substances are added. Sometimes they also impregnate the surface of money paper.

After the banknotes are made, they are carefully checked for susceptibility to breakage and tearing. High-quality paper must withstand up to several thousand double folds, and its breaking length must be at least a thousand meters.

Counterfeit protection

To prevent money from being copied, watermarks are often used - certain images that appear on paper when viewed in the light. This is a kind of relief embossing on the fibers. It is applied with a special roller, eguter, at the stage of pouring the mixture. In places where the roller is applied, the fibers become thinner, which forms the desired effect.

In addition, relief drawings, metallized ribbons, microfilaments and microfonts, holograms are used to make the banknote unique. Thanks to this, it becomes more difficult to copy money, and it is easier to identify the attacker.

Everyone has played board games at least once in their life. card games. Sometimes, for more interest, you can bet on winning. Using real money is risky, and at such times, fake currency comes to the rescue. Usually it comes with the game, but homemade bills can also be used. It remains to find the answer to the question: "How to make money out of paper?"

Where is counterfeit money used?

Fake banknotes may be needed not only for children who want to play in a cafe or shop, but also for adults. For example, to play poker, "Monopoly" or other economic strategy.

Unfortunately, game currency is often lost, torn and becomes unusable. Therefore, it is good to know how to make money out of paper. Of course, you can replace them with the purchase of a new set of banknotes or the whole game, but it is much easier and cheaper to make them yourself. Also, an additional kit may be needed if you want to play with a large number players than the one the game was originally designed for.

Paper money can be used to teach children to count. With their help, it is easy to explain to the baby how to pay in the store and correctly calculate the change. The main thing is not to forget to mention that this currency is not real and that it can only be used for playing and learning.

Three easy ways to make money with your own hands

Let's consider some options. Most fast method how to make money out of paper - find the desired photo on the Internet and print it on a printer at home or go to a copy center.

For people with artistic skills, it will be easy to draw banknotes. It is not necessary that they be a copy of real banknotes. You can come up with your own currency or redraw an existing game currency. For example, from the game "Monopoly".

If you have a scanner and a printer at hand, you can simply scan real banknotes and then print them. In the absence of a scanner, you can take a picture of a banknote with a phone or camera. For print better fit color MFP or laser printer.

How to make money more believable?

To make money more believable, you should color the paper on which it will be printed or drawn in tea or coffee. The process of making such paper is simple:

1. Pour loose leaf tea or instant coffee into a bowl of very hot water.
2. Carefully place and strain.
3. Allow liquid to cool slightly.
4. Take an ordinary sheet of office paper and dip it in water for a couple of seconds.
5. Remove the leaf from the water and leave to dry.
6. When the sheet is almost dry, iron it with an iron. This will make the paper smoother and easier to work with.
7. Let dry completely.
8. On the resulting sheet of paper, you need to print or draw "fake money".

The resulting color of the sheet will more resemble the material on which real money is printed. If you take office paper with a density of 180-210 grams, then such banknotes will resemble real ones even to the touch.

List of games that require paper money

Desktop economic strategies are becoming popular again. The cost of one such game in the store can be higher than 2000-2500 rubles. Making such a strategy manually is quite simple. Now that it is clear how to make money out of paper, it is enough to draw or print the playing field - you can play.

Paper money will be needed for the following games:

• "Orkonomics";
• "Bee business";
• "Economicus";
• "Monopoly";
• "New Angeles";
• "Railroad Tycoon"

Similar strategies are designed for both children and adults. In addition, you can always come up with your own game with paper money, based on one of the existing ones.

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