against plastic surgery. Plastic surgery - pros and cons

Photo: Stefano Lunardi/Rusmediabank.ru

This is facilitated by photos of celebrities in where they look so glamorous and perfect - there is simply nothing to complain about! And it doesn’t matter that everyone knows that glossy photos are sometimes processed by Photoshop beyond recognition, you still want to look just as flawless and beautiful. And the thought arises: “But should I sign up for a plastic surgeon?”.

What does plastic surgery do

This branch of medicine deals with the elimination of defects in any organs, tissues or body surface. In this case, the operations are reconstructive and aesthetic. The former are aimed at eliminating deformities and defects, most often they are carried out after injuries or to eliminate congenital defects. The second is carried out in order to improve the appearance.

People most often want to spend the following:

- Correction of the shape of the nose (rhinoplasty).
- Correction of the shape of the chin and ears.
- Circular tightening of the skin of the face and neck.
- Changing the shape of the eyelids and the shape of the eyes (blepharoplasty).
- Eyebrow correction.
- Correction of the shape of the lips.
- Removal of fat in the abdomen and waist (liposuction).
- Changing the shape of the breast (enlargement, reduction, lift, etc.).
- Buttock augmentation.
- Removal of fat in the area of ​​"riding breeches".
- Changing the shape of the small and large labia.
- Restoration of the hymen (hymenoplasty).
- Correction of the shape, width, length of the vagina (vaginoplasty).
- Correction of the shape, length, thickness of the penis (phalloplasty).

Let's look into history

Do not think that plastic surgery is an invention of the twentieth century, they say, this fashion was introduced by Hollywood stars who always strive to look perfect and never grow old, and from the "realm of dreams" it has already spread throughout the world. This is not true.

People have always strived to improve their appearance. Such operations have been carried out since ancient times. In Egypt, surgeons performed plastic surgery long before the advent of our era. Of course, the technologies were not the same as they are now, but the fact remains that even then people were ready to undergo surgery just to look their best.

Plastic surgery was also done in ancient India, in particular, procedures for. In ancient China, they successfully operated on the "hare lip", corrected the shape of the eyes and ears, and improved the figure.

Such procedures came to Europe much later. But already in the 7th century AD, European doctors performed operations to reduce the male breast (if it was too large), and also relieved patients of excess body fat. Why not liposuction?

During the Renaissance (14-16 centuries), plastic surgery was already separated into an independent field of medicine, which was called "beauty surgery". In particular, correcting the shape of the nose was then considered a common, ordinary operation. But some contemporaries had a negative attitude towards plastic surgeons, considered their actions criminal, diabolical.

Modern principles of plastic surgery emerged in the 19th century. Then new, more advanced tools and antiseptics were invented. This allowed doctors to significantly expand the scope of operations.

After the end of the First World War, many crippled people appeared who needed not only the restoration of the functions of individual organs, but also the restoration of a normal appearance. Responding to the challenge of the times, plastic surgery has developed rapidly.

The risk of plastic surgery

Over the past decades, plastic surgery has become a highly developed branch of medicine and has accumulated considerable experience. But still, such operations (like any surgical intervention) cannot be considered completely safe.

When working with soft tissues of the face and skin, the surgeon needs a firm hand, vast experience and truly jewelry precision. The slightest mistake - and the result can be disastrous. Facial features may change beyond recognition, eyes and lips may not close, and the face will turn into a motionless mask.

A particular problem is postoperative scars, which sometimes remain unremovable, despite the efforts of doctors.

Doctors distinguish some categories of people who are not recommended for plastic surgery. It:

- Psychologically unbalanced patients.
- People seeking to achieve aesthetic and anatomical perfection.
- Those who do plastic surgery all the time.

Such patients are referred for a consultation with a psychologist.

Plastic surgeons say: “We do not solve personal and everyday problems. We do not help to get married, get rich, make a career, enjoy life. We only do surgeries."

We know too much about how look after behind our body, face, hair, but very rarely we think about how exactly it is necessary to apply specific techniques in life. Sometimes the appearance cannot be completely changed only with the help of makeup and skillfully chosen clothes. But a professional plastic surgeon can help you quite effectively. That is why even the fair sex, who are quite attractive by nature, more and more often lie down on the table of this specialist. But people of different professions are still arguing about whether artificiality can be considered beauty. Here opinions differ, because everyone has different tastes, so it will be necessary to make every effort to convince the interlocutor that he is right.

artificial breast, plump lips, young facial skin and the absence of cellulite will add sexuality and femininity to a woman, but many men today say that they are ardent opponents of unnaturalness, because it has nothing to do with natural female beauty and charm. Until recently, plastic surgery was at the peak of popularity, because all the women of the world had a great opportunity to get rid of all complexes in just a couple of weeks and get the body of their dreams. Today, a plastic surgeon has become commonplace, like, for example, a dentist or a therapist.

In order to receive complete introduction to plastic surgery and form your personal opinion on this matter, let's look at all the positive and negative aspects of this issue.

Positive aspects of plastic surgery:
1. The very first and most important thing that should be noted in the advantages of plastic surgery is the opportunity for every woman, and now for a man, to get rid of appearance defects and start anew his life without complexes. It is far from always that clients who have turned to a plastic surgeon for help want to improve their already attractive appearance. Unfortunately, the consequences of diseases and disasters are different, and plastic surgery is an excellent option in order to correct facial features, scars and body defects.

2. Perfect techniques and medical equipment. This is one of the most important factors in this matter, because success depends not only on the professionalism of the surgeon. Today, the number of unsuccessful plastic surgeries is minimal, because new technologies are constantly being introduced, and drugs, tools and equipment are of high quality.

3. Another plus is the ability to preserve youth and beauty of the face and body. From ancient times to this day, women strive to look younger than their years, because this helps them to remain beautiful, desirable and attractive. Recently, plastic surgery has become popular among men, because they also want to correct their appearance and preserve their youth for many years to come. Not only politicians, artists and actors regularly go under the knife of a plastic surgeon, among ordinary people there are also those who want to be beautiful and young, regardless of age.

4. Naturalness of the outcome of the operation. This means that most of the plastic surgeries performed by specialists all over the world are aimed primarily at preserving the natural natural beauty. Of course, some women and men want to have unnaturally sized lips or breasts, but there are few such people. Most clients of plastic surgery clinics want to preserve their youth and enhance their beauty, and modern techniques and technologies make it possible to do this as naturally as possible.

Negative sides of plastic surgery:
1. The first and most important disadvantage is the possible complications. Unfortunately, nothing is perfect in the world, therefore no one can give you a 100% guarantee of a successful result. Such cases are rare and, rather, do not depend on the experience of the surgeon or the quality of the material, but on the characteristics of the client's body. Here you need to pay attention to a lot of different nuances, also do not forget to have a consultation before the operation and an examination of your body. Diagnosis is very important in this matter, because it will help to identify the weaknesses of your body.

2. Another disadvantage is stress. Stress can be both the human body and its central nervous system. There are cases when a client stays for another week after the operation. Here the reason may be a reflection in the mirror, because it takes time to fully recover. It can also be a disagreement of physical changes, because the aging process is not only an external manifestation, but also an internal one.

Of course, choose only you: do plastic surgery or refuse such an undertaking, but never forget that you cannot deceive time, you can only slightly delay its imprint on your face and body. One of the most popular surgeries today is breast augmentation. Breasts of absolutely natural size have become a special trick, if its owner does not have curvaceous forms at all by nature. Very often, such breasts are difficult to even distinguish from natural ones. Many glossy press publications today actively promote artificial breasts, because this allows a woman to remain attractive for many years, even after the period of feeding a child, after which the breast loses its shape.

Try your best pay attention to the clinic if you decide on such a procedure, because it will allow you to get rid of possible complications. There are some countries that offer the highest quality materials for plastic surgery, so find out from clients in advance how to properly prepare yourself for this procedure and choose a specialist. Recently, large breasts and plump lips have come into fashion. But it is worth noting that by nature not all women have such data. The desire in this case to achieve beauty and conformity with fashion pushes the fairer sex to desperate acts. If there is no special need for the operation, then weigh the pros and cons so as not to make a fatal mistake in your life.

Lips plump and voluminous are in fashion today, so plastic surgeons and cosmetologists have even more work to do. Do not forget that this procedure is much simpler than breast augmentation, and therefore safer. Today, a great technique has appeared that allows you to temporarily increase lips that are very similar to your natural ones. But lips are only a wish of clients, it is much more important to change your appearance after a serious operation, so put aside your aspirations for a fictitious ideal for a while.

Plastic surgery- this, of course, is your key to youth and beauty, but do not forget that artificial beauty is not to everyone's taste. Therefore, in order to attract the attention of the opposite sex, you can choose other, safer methods. Now you know all the pros and cons of plastic surgery, so you can safely draw your own conclusions. Knowing all the risks in advance, you can always protect yourself from serious complications and health problems. In any case, if you are determined to this procedure, then try to approach this issue as responsibly and competently as possible.

- Return to the section heading " "

I am for natural beauty. On the other hand, if a person has developmental anomalies (cleft lip, cleft palate, etc.), then this is a completely different matter. But this is already a division of plastics into medical ones. aesthetic and no indications. Looking through the Internet photos of stars, and even some ordinary mortals, you can often see with the naked eye the consequences of unsuccessful plastic surgery. And there are those about the plasticity of which you can find out only by comparing before and after. And here, as the card falls, sometimes you are pleasantly surprised, and sometimes you think: "why? After all, it was her / his personality?"

Let's turn to history a little. "Plastikos" in Greek means "to create a form", in Latin "plasticus" - sculpting, shaping.

Throughout the history of medicine, there was no period when operations to reconstruct a person's appearance were not practiced. In India in 800 B.C. e. could already do plastic surgery to correct the nose, using skin from the forehead or cheeks for this. The surviving documents of the ancient Chinese healer Bian Que, who lived in the 5th century BC, described the operations he performed on the eyes and ears.

There were no advances in plastic surgery in the 17th and 18th centuries. One of the most important reasons was that at that time they believed in the possibility of using the tissues of another person, preferably a slave. Today we know that foreign tissue is bound to be rejected unless the recipient's immune system is suppressed by appropriate drug therapy.

Finally, in 1774, after the publication of an article about an operation performed in an Indian colony to restore the nose, to which a skin flap was moved from the forehead, a new stage in the development of plastic surgery began. After 40 years, in 1814, the London surgeon Joseph Carpu decided on the same operation. Since then, techniques have been developed for repairing a cleft palate, changing the shape of the nose, and others.

The impetus for really rapid progress, which led to the development of modern plastic surgery, was the First World War. When it began, there was practically no experience in treating both injuries of this type and such a number of wounded. For example, few surgeons knew how to treat facial gunshot wounds. The current situation has led to the emergence of specialized surgical centers.

The father of modern plastic surgery is considered to be a New Zealand-born English surgeon named Harold Delph Gillis, who developed plastic surgery at the Queen Mary Hospital in Sidcup, England.

Here are his patients:

Walter Yeoh

British sailor during the First World War Walter Yeoh is known as one of the first people to successfully undergo plastic surgery. Walter received a severe head injury in the famous Battle of Jutland, the largest naval battle of the First World War.

William Sprecley

In January 1917, the 33-year-old Spreckley was hospitalized with a shrapnel wound to the head and more than three years later, in October 1920, left the Gillis clinic with an already significantly “corrected” appearance.

Willy Vicarage

Among the victims of the battle of the Jutland Peninsula, who fell on the operating table of Dr. Gillis, one cannot but name Willy Vicarage - the British became the first person to whom doctors were able to return the lower jaw.

During World War II, plastic surgery developed from an experimental field into a full-fledged specialty. It became possible to meet new needs - to treat complex fractures, burns, frostbite and nerve damage, which made a significant contribution to the rapid development of plastic surgery in the 60s, 70s and 80s of our century. Today, this period is called the "Golden Age" of plastic surgery. Revolutionary new treatments were developed, such as the correction of severe congenital deformities of the head and microsurgery, which made it possible to repair small nerves and blood vessels. Cosmetic surgery was no longer seen as something for a privileged minority, and people from all walks of life began to resort to surgery to improve their appearance.

Plastic surgery is not limited to aesthetic surgery. Reconstructive surgery is equally important. It is primarily the responsibility of doctors working in the public health system, and includes various types of operations - from the removal of small neoplasms on the skin to major reconstructive operations on bones and tissues or the restoration of mimicry of a paralyzed face. Cosmetic surgery is often referred to as cosmetic surgery. Examples are the correction of congenital abnormalities in appearance, such as an unusually large nose, excessively protruding ears, or a flat chest.

Now back to modern

And now the victims

Jocqueline Wildstein

Heidi Fleece

Nikki Cox

Susan Somers

Lara Flynn

Melanie Griffith

Witch Janice

Sharon Osbourne

Donatella Versace

Courtney Love

Amanda Lepore

Mickey Rourke

Jolie's doppelgänger - Tiffany Klaus

Ashlee Simpson

and there are many, many more

Have a nice day, everyone)))

How does modern religion relate to various changes in the appearance of the female - it became known from a document published in the Vatican. It reflects a negative attitude towards a variety of plastic surgeries and, as it became clear from the text, tummy tuck or facelift serve as a kind of offensive factor on female identity. In particular, it is mentioned that a woman may experience stress due to various plastic surgeries, which are expressed by dysmorphic conditions, depression and other disorders.

Limiting the role of the female half in society is unfair

Several women advisers to the Vatican's Pontifical Council for Culture prepared a skeptical report pointing out the pressing issues. Plastic surgery for women in the modern world is one of the multi-stage features and it is not so easy to solve it. The document calls not only to highlight the trend, but also to start a fruitful discussion at the next meeting of the Council, which will be held in February and will be dedicated to the women's issue.

The report also talks about the unfair treatment, underestimation of women and, despite many pathos speeches, they are forced to play a passive role in the leadership of the church. The question is why women have limited access to some important positions, and being represented in large numbers, they cannot influence the work of the structure so significantly. The paper asks why, as managers of companies, women are nonetheless excluded from making important decisions. This also applies to Christian communities.

There are many unresolved issues for the next Council

“From the lips of Pope Francis it was said that women's work should in no way be belittled, and the very fact of organizing women in Christianity is determined by the leading role. However, why is this reality not reflected in the real life of Catholicism,” the question is raised in the document. Other topics are proposed for discussion regarding the role of women in the social hierarchy and professional employment - the inequality of women's work, violence against women, etc.

In the information essence of the message, advice is given to discuss a number of urgent problems: identifying the basis of gender inequality, how to stop-tolerate violence from men, in particular in family life. The theme of the presence of the female half in religion will be touched upon, and why, when the topic of a woman priest is touched upon, everything is limited to discussion. They want not only an objective opinion, but also change. In addition, a reminder is expressed that the image of a woman formed by the church does not reflect the existing realities.

The dangers for women have not diminished in the new century

The text says that in the 21st century, women are no longer the same as before. They are not keen on reciting the Rosary and do not take part in religious ceremonies. The message also emphasizes the different views and approaches of men and women to various issues, and the abolition of differences will negatively affect personal experience. "Neutrality should not be imposed, you need to be able to see the difference." By reprinting excerpts from the Second Vatican Council, the document makes clear that in a male-dominated society, women are at great risk of losing their femininity.

It is also especially emphasized that a woman, her body is the starting point for every person on earth, which means that attention must be paid to domestic violence and the fight against it. A high mortality rate among the female population at a young and middle age is mentioned for this reason. Other threats to women in the coming century are also listed: trafficking in the female body, rape, forced marriage, mutation of intimate parts of the body, abortion, infanticide, and so on. Naturally, about such procedures as facial plastic surgery, rejuvenation, facelift, breast plastic surgery, etc. – also not forgotten.

Ahead of a difficult debate on sore topics

The forthcoming debate was considered at the Council on Culture held on the second of February. Among the reviewers will also be the famous actress Nancy Brilli, who filmed the video and posted it to the public. It contains an appeal to all women of the world not to stand aside and send their opinions to the plenary assembly. A negative judgment was caused by the English version of the video, in which Nancy's appeal does not look entirely perfect, which led to the removal of the short film.

Not everyone in the Catholic Church received the video equally well or badly. For example, Cardinal Ravasi admitted at the beginning of the year that he, like many others, watched the video, but later concluded that there was a mistake when choosing an actress. But still, the minister of the church is full of pride that women from all over the world, their videos, will be the opening stage of the board meeting and this part will be shown in the Roman theater on February 4th. Women from all over the world are invited to participate via Internet media.

– maxillofacial surgeon, orthodontist and plastic surgeon. People from all over the country come to him for operations.

The doctor of medical sciences told Komsomolskaya Pravda about perfect people and about what shell humanity is moving towards.

ABOUT PATIENTS

What kind of patients do you work with?

They fall into two categories. The first are those who were sent to you. They come to me from allied specialists: orthopedists, orthodontists, cosmetologists, and so on. In this case, we work in tandem.

Unfortunately, there is often no collegial approach here. I would like, if necessary, people get to the maxillofacial surgeon. But in most cases, we end up with doctors trying to fix the problem on their own, although they can’t do it. And this is a difficulty for the patient, of course. My advice to patients: don't jump straight into the arms of the first doctor who says he can take it on, but consult with two or three specialists. And if at least two opinions coincide, then you can move in this direction.

The second category is patients who find us themselves. Nowadays, all information can be found on the Internet. And people now informed come. It happens that a patient comes and brings a huge annotation for some device that I had never even heard of before.

But what about medical skepticism about self-treatment using the Internet?

- This is a different situation. It is not necessary to go to consultations and pay money for it. You can just search. There are a huge number of forums where you can get information. Because you may be wrong, the doctor may be wrong, or there may be another alternative solution. When you have listened two or three times, you come to the consultation already prepared.

Are there any patients you won't see?

As for bone operations, here the roads lead to a rather limited number of places now, so they come to us. These patients sometimes have an overestimated bar of requirements ... Beautiful girls come and still want to correct something, but the question arises of the validity of such an intervention.

On the left - "before", on the right - the effect of "after".

There are many who want the perfecto effect. These are mostly girls. A perfectionist person is a potential danger for a doctor. Just do not indulge the strange desires of patients. For example, when a person comes and asks for an extremely massive chin. Yes, there are weird people. Here is the will of the doctor: the main thing is that it is not harmful. When you see that it's too much, you have to refuse.

ABOUT TASTES AND MENTALITY

During your practice, you have traveled a lot around the world. Tell me, where was the most interesting? And what is the difference from our country?

I traveled to Latin America, in particular, to Chile. Was in South Africa, Korea. Visited many European countries. Most of all, the experience that I got while in South Africa was useful to me. This is about .

As for plastic surgery, I learned a lot of interesting things during my business trips. But the exotic was in Korea. These are other people.

Most of our patients who watch Hollywood come with pictures of Angelina Jolie and Brad Pitt and say, "Do me like this." 70 percent of requests from patients for this type. And this is understandable. These actors have clear contours: cheekbones, chin, nose line, and so on. Although, if you look at it, Jolie's face is not according to the canons, it seems to be on the verge. That is, her facial features are not feminine.

Here in Korea, people do not want to be like that. They need small, round faces, a sharp chin, a neat nose, and bow-shaped lips. They have the opposite anatomy.

And what do those who bring Jolie want: they need to put implants, or push the bones to emphasize the contour of the face. And people in Asia, on the contrary, want to reduce all this. And what's nice is that they have a powerful bone skeleton. Roughly speaking, they have something to saw off. And the body forgives everything. Some things that Asians do are contraindicated for Caucasians.

ABOUT PLASTIC NEWS

There is probably a trend in plastic surgery too. Lips, chest - it's already boring. What's new? Can you name three top operations?

The operation of lipofilling is very popular. It has eclipsed the minds of many patients and doctors. It is essentially very simple. - this is the collection of one's own fat, its laundering and introduction to other places. Little traumatic and very simple. In view of its simplicity, it captivates. You can even replace breast implants with this. Or do buttock augmentation in this way, in principle, a good way. Fat is also injected into the face for the treatment of depressions.

But it happens that it is injected where it is not necessary: ​​in the forehead, for example. Well, it's useless, it won't take root. However, I often come across a situation where patients are injected with fat into the sloping forehead to make it more protruding. It is also not necessary to enter into the cheekbones.

And the second limitation is in the contour of the eyelids. But this is inefficient.

Buttock and calf augmentation surgeries are also popular now. Most often, this is handled by girls who bought very beautiful boots, and the shaft is lagging behind. I am exaggerating of course. In addition, there is now a lot of information on resection for the ideal cheekbone line. Bish's fat lumps give a cute swelling to a child's face, in adults the face looks full. This is now popular. But in fact, very limited indications for surgery: it is for patients with thick cheeks. And you don't have to pull them all out. The procedure is not so resonant and effective, and it does not suit everyone: it turns out to be a haggard face. Therefore, I have a wary attitude towards this procedure.

REFERENCE

Doctor of Medical Sciences Andrey Andreishchev is one of the leading specialists of the SPIK Beauty Institute. In 1999 he graduated from the Faculty of Dentistry of St. Petersburg State Medical University named after I.P. Pavlov. Then there was an internship, residency, postgraduate study, defense of two dissertations (candidate and doctoral), specialization in plastic surgery ... And numerous internships - both in foreign clinics and at international conferences: from Vienna and Paris - to Johannesburg and Santa Barbara.

However, Andrei Ruslanovich himself has repeatedly acted as an organizer of international conferences, as well as author's master classes on issues of orthognathic surgery, contour plastics, rhinoplasty, rejuvenating surgery. All these topics correspond to the main areas of scientific and practical interests of Dr. Andreishchev.

How to make an appointment?

At the SPIK Beauty Institute: St. Petersburg, Pirogovskaya embankment, 5/2.

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