Water supply of a private house: design and creation of an autonomous system. Do-it-yourself water supply for a private house: rules for arrangement and the best schemes Autonomous water supply for a residential building
In order for the water supply system to be able to provide maximum comfort to residents, it is necessary to take into account many nuances, correctly calculate all operating parameters and engineering units. It is highly desirable to start development at the stage of an architectural project.
Bringing ideas to life and equipping the water supply of a private house with your own hands should, if not a professional, then a person who has delved into all the subtleties.
We will help you understand the principles of work autonomous system, we will designate the device of various sources of water intake and provide recommendations on the choice of equipment. Step by step instructions for the arrangement of water supply is supplemented visual images and video clips.
The water supply system is one of the most important elements in home improvement. The essence of its work lies in the automated supply of the required volume of water, for which the user now only needs to start the equipment, and then simply control it periodically.
An autonomous network independent of the central water supply must be correctly designed and calculated in order for the house to be fully supplied with water according to the needs of the owners. It is necessary to organize the system so that water flows freely to all water intake points.
Image gallery
Arrangement of capturing chambers when using a spring
The device of a protective structure above the spring differs little from the design of the well. In them, water can also flow through the bottom or walls, which are equipped with filters. In rocks, filtration is not required.
If there are suspended particles in the water, then the chamber is divided in half by a partition, one compartment is used for settling and cleaning from sediment, the other for water intake.
To exit excess water at the highest debit of the source, an overflow pipe is provided in the chamber wall. At its end, a valve is installed that allows water to pass through, but prevents debris and rodents from entering the spring.
Equipment for automatic water supply
The choice of the method of arrangement and installation of the water supply system country house begins with an assessment of the type of intake structure, its depth and other characteristics.
The automated system includes:
- pump or finished pumping station;
- filtration system for water purification;
- storage and control capacity;
- external and internal pipeline;
- devices for automatic control.
When installing tanks and pumps, the requirements of the equipment manufacturers must be strictly followed.
Regulating and storage tanks for water
Water storage tanks are distinguished according to the principle of operation:
- Non-pressure leaky tank. It is made mainly from polymeric materials. Helps create pressure by placing it at the highest point of the system. The higher the storage tank is installed, the greater the water pressure will be in the system. Raising the container for each meter increases the pressure by 0.1 atmosphere.
- hydropneumatic tank. Inside it is divided into two compartments by a membrane. It creates pressure thanks to compressed air in one compartment, which through a rubber membrane exerts pressure on water in an adjacent compartment.
A non-pressure tank is installed in a lighted ventilated room, the temperature of which does not drop to negative values. Under the tank, pallets are installed to protect against small leaks. The tank is provided with a removable lid and equipped with shutoff valves.
One of the characteristics of the operation of pumping equipment is the frequency of switching on the system per unit of time. This indicator is fundamental in choosing a hydraulic accumulator. For submersible pumps, the allowable interval between switching on is longer than for surface pumps. They are supposed to turn on less often, which means that the hydraulic tank should be larger.
To work in tandem with surface pumps, membrane tanks with a capacity of 12 to 24 liters are most often bought. If there are power outages in the settlement, it is recommended to install a hydraulic accumulator of 250 liters or more so that you can pump in and store a reserve supply of water for some time.
Hydraulic accumulators are placed in chambers underground, in basements, utility rooms, in which the temperature does not drop below zero.
In a system with a non-pressure storage tank, the water supply process is automated using a float valve and an on and off sensor
Purification of tap water from impurities
When choosing water-lifting equipment, consider:
- Source flow rate. It should exceed the water consumption in the house.
- Type of intake structure and depth of the aquifer. For pumping out from sources up to 8 m deep, surface centrifugal pumps are used. They are placed in the basement or separate rooms of private houses, in underground chambers or mine wells. Pumping water from great depths is carried out by means of powerful submersible pumps.
- Required pressure in the system. The head of the pumping unit is determined by summing up the values (in meters): the height of the rise from the (dynamic) water level in the well to the highest plumbing fixture, the pressure loss when reaching the highest point, the required pressure at this point.
- Estimated water consumption. Calculated based on the number of plumbing points and the number of residents. This indicator influences the choice of equipment performance.
On suburban area Vladimir near Moscow there is a water pipe. But the catch is that the water in the SNT is turned on in May and turned off in October. So he decided to provide himself autonomous water supply and make a well to have water all year round.
Well - a budget option for organizing an autonomous water supply system
Neighbors of Vladimir, who understood from their own experience what an autonomous
water supply and what benefits it gives, they said that it is at a depth of 6-10 meters. On reflection, he decided to hammer the Abyssinian well, because. This is the simplest and most budget solution to the problem. First, I turned to several professionals in this field, including those from the forumhouse. They gave necessary and valuable advice that could be used, but all orders are scheduled until the summer. He could not wait, so he decided to make the well himself.
Purchase of materials
In the market, he bought galvanized pipes an inch and a quarter, 5 pieces of 1.6 meters each, and they were also threaded there.
I purchased: steel couplings, an adapter for a hand pump and a needle with a filter, the main elements of an autonomous water supply system. Vladimir especially liked the quality of the needle.
After the turned needle, after 10 cm, a special mesh is wound and soldered around the pipe. Before winding and soldering it, holes are drilled in the pipe itself, through which, having filtered through this mesh, water enters the pipe.
As usual, a local locksmith, Uncle Vanya, was found, who made "Babu" and a tip for the bubble.
The tip is made on a cone to center the impact. The impact surface inside the baba has the same shape. Since the tip is larger in diameter than the pipe itself, a ring is attached to the bottom of the woman on two bolts with an inner diameter along the pipe. Thus, the woman slides along the pipe without any backlash with a working stroke of about 40 cm. It weighs 25 kg.
He took a hand pump for pumping from a friend.
Pipe clogging
Vladimir's house stands on a columnar foundation about a meter from the ground, so from the very beginning he decided to make a well right under it. First of all, in the right place, he made an opening in the floor.
Then he drilled the first half a meter of soil with an ordinary drill, adding boiling water. Boiling water poured because it was winter. The occupation is quite laborious, but he did it because he was afraid to damage the needle or bend the pipe on the frozen ground. But the permafrost has passed. You can score.
First, he hammered the pipe a little, then put it vertically along the plumb line. I sawed a hole in the boards under it so that the pipe did not deviate from the vertical, and nailed them.
After that, the process started. As it progressed, the coupling was screwed on, then a new pipe. He screwed the sleeve onto the linen with paint.
With each blow of the woman, the pipe advanced by 2-5 mm. Slowly but surely Vladimir hammered pipes.
After 6 meters, he periodically removed the woman, poured water into the pipe and watched whether he was leaving or not. The water began to leave when 8 meters were filled, which means that he got into the aquifer. Therefore, after that, he screwed a hand pump to the pipe, added water and began to pump ...
And when the water came out of the pump in a powerful stream, he was more delighted with it than a dying man in the desert. At first the water was completely gray. After the pump pumped out about 50 buckets, the color began to gradually lighten closer to the color tap water. But the pressure didn't stop.
Explanations:
When the filter enters the aquifer with a hand pump, you need to start pumping out water. At first, the dirt that is in the immediate vicinity of the filter will rise. Then a space is formed around the filter in height greater than the aquifer itself. This space is called a lens. That is, in the aquifer near the filter, a supply of water is formed, a kind of lake, and the larger it is, the better.
So that the filter does not silt up, you first need to pump it very well so that a sufficiently large lens is formed. Well, then, as often as possible, pump water, do not let the well stagnate. Then everything will be all right.
Result
Vladimir does not yet know how much water comes from the well, he did not have time to measure the flow rate. But, judging by the way the water flows with the help of a hand pump, the system works - it should be enough. He collected a bucket in about 1 minute. He calculates that it will be enough for a shower, a washbasin, a sink in the kitchen and a storage boiler at a time when the water supply is turned off.
And to complete the work, Vladimir still needs to purchase a pumping station, and then he will have such an advantage on the site as autonomous water supply.
The cost of the autonomous water supply system project:
- Pipe 8 meters - 1840 rub.
- Needle with filter - 3000 rub.
- Couplings and threading - 250 + 400 \u003d 650 rubles.
- Adapter for a hand pump - 120 rubles.
- Baba + tip - 1 bubble.
- Pumping station - approximately 15 thousand rubles.
Posted by a forum member
Editor: Roman Adamov
Any owner of a country house is faced with a problem, which is the organization of water supply. You can choose one of two options for solving this issue: connect to a centralized water supply or engage in independent arrangement of an autonomous water supply system. Using the second option, you can significantly save the time it takes to collect documents and permits required when connecting to a central water supply, because the organization of an autonomous water supply does not require the preparation of any documents.
An autonomous water supply system becomes the only option when it is not possible to connect to a centralized water supply system. good decision there will be an appeal to a company that will carry out all work on the installation of an autonomous water supply system at a professional level. But if the owner of a country house decided to complete the entire process on his own, then he should be ready for laborious work.
The advantages that an autonomous water supply of a summer residence gives:
- optimal pressure in the system. IN country houses often arrange several bathrooms. For example, on the first floor there is a toilet, and on the second floor there is a bathroom. In the presence of a pressure boosting pump, autonomous water supply will provide the necessary pressure at all water points.
- availability of water supply. Installing a storage tank will allow you not to worry that due to interruptions in the supply of electricity or a breakdown of the pump, the residents of the house will be left without water. In addition, membrane tanks and hydraulic accumulators (up to 500 liters in volume) will allow maintaining the necessary pressure in the system;
- high water quality. Autonomous water supply draws water from wells and wells and provides for the installation of water treatment systems. And if you remember that high-quality modern pipes are used in individual construction, you can be sure that the quality of drinking water will be excellent. Centralized water supply in many regions of our country is still operating metal pipes prone to corrosion.
Preliminary calculations of the water supply system
An autonomous water supply system begins with the calculation of the required amount of water, which should ensure the comfortable life of everyone who will live in the house. Next, you should calculate the power of pumping equipment and provide in advance a system that will be responsible for automatic protection.
After that, equipment is selected, a distribution manifold diagram is drawn up and tanks, pumps, pipes and everything else are purchased.
Materials and equipment for water supply
The list of equipment and materials that will be needed in the process of organizing autonomous water supply:
- automatic protection and electrical system;
- pump or pumping station;
- pumping station of the second level (if necessary);
- cleaning system;
- pipes for outdoor water supply;
- hydropneumatic tank;
- valves, fittings, faucets, mixers, pipes and more.
Well or well?
Autonomous water supply at home requires a constant source of water, so one of the most simple ways is digging a well. In favor of such a solution, it can be said that this is the most accessible and cheap way provide the house with water.
But the minus is also impressive - the maximum amount of water received from the well is 200 liters per hour. If you can wait several hours to turn on the shower or do the dishes, then this option is for you. By cons well one can also attribute the content of impurities harmful to humans in the groundwater of some regions. They must be removed before the water is used for food purposes.
Instead of digging a well, many owners country houses resort to drilling wells, which are divided into several types.
A simple option - sand well
You can start by describing the sand well, as it is the easiest to perform. The depth is usually from 15 to 30 m. When autonomous water supply of the house is carried out using a sand well, you can count on covering the water consumption of one house, if you do not need to fill the pool, take a shower, do laundry and water the garden at the same time.
The advantage of a sand well is the relative purity of the water. At the same time, there are also disadvantages. So, the sandy aquifer is not always stable. Even if the well is functioning normally on the neighbor’s site, then you have a risk of not getting to the water.
Instead of sand, many use an artesian well. Its depth can be from 25 to 250 m. The maximum duration of drilling is measured in 10 days. Water from an artesian well is quite enough to provide several country houses, both for technical needs and for drinking.
Well for organizing water supply
In addition to digging wells, the most convenient solution would be well drilling. All wells are divided into two types: imperfect and perfect.
An imperfect well differs from a perfect well in a smaller volume of water intake. This is due to the fact that it reveals a small part of the aquifer. It is used in the case when the aquifer is quite large, but it is not required to pass it completely.
The most important detail in the arrangement of the well is a mechanical filter. It completely prevents the penetration of sand, silt and other contaminants into the water.
An autonomous water supply system from a well should be organized using plastic pipes, since metal counterparts are susceptible to corrosion and will eventually give the water an unpleasant color and taste.
A perfect well passes through the entire aquifer. Subsequently, she stops in front of a water-resistant layer. Thanks to this type of well, it is possible to provide the greatest inflow of water. The water system will work uninterruptedly, since such a well fills up faster.
In addition to dividing all wells according to their design characteristics, they differ in the type of aquifers. There are two types of aquifers on which an autonomous water supply system will be organized: sand and limestone.
One or the other option is selected depending on the technical needs. A well on limestone is drilled to a depth of about 200 meters. The sand well has a depth of up to 40 meters and is ideal option for the device of water supply of a summer residence. For a residential cottage, this option is not so good, since water requires additional purification and, in its unpurified form, is more often used for technical needs, in particular, for watering plants.
The main components of a decentralized water supply system
The modern choice of materials and equipment allows you to choose the elements of the system for automatically supplying the required volume of water from the source of water intake. As a rule, autonomous water supply consists of:
- submersible borehole pump;
- automation and protection systems;
- hydraulic accumulator (membrane tank);
- filtration devices,
- pipeline;
- control and locking fittings;
- devices that will meter water supply (meters for cold and hot water).
When choosing pumping equipment pressure and water consumption (volume flow) must be taken into account. This will ensure proper water pressure. To maintain pressure in the system, you will need to install a hydraulic accumulator, and in order for the pumping equipment to turn on and off on its own, you need to install automation.
What should be the pump for the water supply system
Pumps are divided into surface and submersible. Autonomous water supply at home should be installed taking into account specific operating conditions. For example, if the aquifer runs at a sufficient depth, then one should use submersible pump. Surface can be installed at a depth of about 7 meters.
Unlike surface pumps, submersible ones have more power, which allows them to pump water from a depth of 80 m. At the same time, they are quite compact. This makes it possible to place them in small areas.
Downhole pumps are divided into three types:
- vortex;
- centrifugal;
- screw.
Vortex pumps, compared with centrifugal pumps, have the following advantages:
- the ability to create more pressure,
- the presence of a self-priming function,
- lower cost.
The disadvantages include that efficiency for such devices is approximately 45%. They are unsuitable for pumping liquids that contain abrasive particles as this causes some parts of the pump to wear out quickly.
Centrifugal pumps are used in cases where the water contains a large amount of sand or rises from great depths. Autonomous water supply at home with such devices will be very effective.
Screw versions of pumps differ from the previous two in that they can be used to pump water from open reservoirs. The maximum depth at which such pumps can operate reaches 15 meters.
It will also be important to install start-up devices that will prevent Negative influence on the electric motor of differences in the electrical network, and protect the pumping equipment from running "dry".
In the choice of pipes for plumbing devices, should be based on such criteria as high quality, reliability, corrosion resistance and ease of installation. When choosing among copper, steel, metal-plastic and plastic pipes, give preference to the optimal ratio of price and quality.
To date, the most popular pipes that use heating and hot water supply are polypropylene reinforced and non-reinforced pipes.
Filtration equipment should be selected according to the results of the source water analysis. Without such data, you can only purchase mechanical filters.
To save on the cost of consumed hot water, instead of traditional boilers, indirect heating boilers can be installed. In the cold season, this will help to significantly reduce the cost of paying for heat carriers.
Among all the communications of a private house, plumbing is undoubtedly the most necessary. This statement does not need to be proved to someone who has been rewarded with the opportunity to scour water in buckets from the nearest well, especially in winter. Lucky are those who have the opportunity to connect their home to a centralized water supply system. The same article is intended for those who do not have such a prospect in the coming years. We offer for review an article that details how to build an autonomous water supply for a private house: tips on how to install such a water pipe with your own hands, we hope it will help you a lot.
The main components of the autonomous water supply system of a private house
To date, a fairly rich tradition has developed for the construction of autonomous water supply systems for private buildings. All of them may differ to a large extent, but their basic structural elements remain the same:
- Autonomous source of water consumption (well or well -).
- An electrical or mechanical device for lifting and supplying water to a system. It can be a conventional pump or a pumping station.
- A hydraulic accumulator is a device for accumulating water and creating pressure in the system.
- System of external and internal water pipes.
- Necessary valves and plumbing fixtures.
To organize hot water supply, a hot water boiler of any principle of operation can be integrated into the system. It is most convenient to use double-circuit gas boilers for these purposes, which, in addition to heating water, perform the function of a power plant to provide heat to the house. If there is no gas on the site, then it would be quite reasonable to use a storage electric boiler.
What are the types of autonomous water supply of a private house
When planning an independent water supply device for a country house, first of all, you need to draw up its detailed project. It should take into account all the details of the future plumbing, both internal and external. In addition, it should include an indication of the exact location where the water intake will be located, its type, depth and distance from the house. An important parameter is the pressure of water and its quantity. In the end, the cost of all components and the production of the work itself is of no small importance. Therefore, what type of water supply was chosen is of no small importance. There are several of them:
- Ordinary well.
- A shallow well "on the sand".
- Artesian well.
All these objects are so various device that it is worth talking about each in more detail.
Wells and their features
This is perhaps the most ancient invention of mankind for obtaining drinking water from aquifers in the depths of the earth. The design of wells has come down to our days from time immemorial almost unchanged. As a rule, this is a pit several meters deep with reinforced walls and a manual device for lifting water. The walls are reinforced with a wooden frame or concrete rings.
Digging a well on your site is worth it only if the depth of water does not exceed 5 - 15 m. In addition, its supply must meet the needs of the family and household. For 4 people, at least 200 l / day is required. If these standards are met, and you are ready for hard physical labor, then you can start digging. This is done manually using a winch to lift the container with soil. In the process of digging, a log house or concrete rings gradually sink to the bottom of the pit. They dig until the water fills the well quickly enough to the required height.
For the purposes of autonomous water supply of a private house through the water supply network, manual water lifting devices are not suitable, so you need to decide on the pump. There are two options for installing the pump: directly near the well itself and in the basement of the house. It doesn't matter which option was chosen. In any case, a trench 50 to 70 cm deep should be dug from the house to the well. To protect the future pipe from freezing, a sand cushion is arranged at the bottom of the trench.
It will be optimal to use a 32 mm pipe, but its diameter can be increased if the distance to the well is more than 7 m. In addition, this pipe must have a slope towards the well of at least 2–3 cm per linear meter. The pipe is introduced into the house through a hole in the foundation and connected to a pump. In this case, its opposite end should sink into the water column in the well. If the pump is installed near the well, then an insulated room is built for the pump. The pipe in the trench should be insulated, especially where it passes through the foundation. The best option will wrap it with a heating cable, which will completely eliminate freezing.
The pipe brought into the house is connected to the internal water supply system, which distributes the flow of water already to the end points.
Before you stop at such a system, you should think it over carefully, since they may well get into the well ground water, which are not distinguished by cleanliness and safety. In any case, before digging a well, you should find out the opinion of neighbors who already have it, take their water for analysis. The advantage of a well is that you can dig it yourself, and even if there is a power outage, you will not be left without water, since it can be scooped up with ordinary traditional way- a bucket on a chain or rope.
The device of the well "on the sand"
People have learned to drill wells for a long time. They turned out to be an excellent alternative to wells for a country house. Many owners, even with a central water supply, arrange a well in order to have the cleanest drinking water. After all, in terms of its taste, it cannot be compared with tap water. Today, two types of wells are known, one of which is called “on sand”.
This name is not accidental, because the depth of such a well is such that it touches only the upper layer of sandy rocks. Loams are already going deeper, filtering groundwater. The thickness of this loamy layer can reach 50 m. The aquifer in the sand is located at a depth of 5 to 15 m, so you can even drill a well to such a depth yourself using the simplest hand tools. Machine drilling will cost money, but it is much faster. The main and only drawback of such a simple system is a short service life, no more than 8 years. After drilling, a casing pipe of the required diameter is installed in the well, the bottom of which should be provided with many holes for water to enter from aquifers and a mesh to prevent pebbles and small stones from entering. Surface-type pumping equipment or, better, a deep-well pump is installed on such a well.
Note that recently a lot of companies have appeared that have drilling equipment that can pierce a thin well right in the basement or even the underground of a private house. For such wells, the best solution would be to purchase a pumping station, which is also installed in the basement by the specialists who drill the well. You will only have to make an intra-house wiring and connect it to the pumping station. Such a system is beneficial in that it is cheaper and does not require any pipe insulation work. Less pipes will be required for its construction. The disadvantage is that in such a well there is not so much water at the same time, but this is compensated by a hydraulic accumulator.
What is an artesian well
This is a very deep (up to 135 m) well, penetrating deep into limestone rocks. In this horizon there are unlimited supplies of water, and its quality is the best. It is ideal in all sanitary indicators, both chemical and bacteriological. The advantage of such a well is that a pump is not needed to raise water to the surface. At this depth, the water is under very high pressure from the side of the surrounding rocks, which is pushed out with force, even forming fountains.
An important advantage of an artesian well is its durability (50 years or more). However, it is impossible to drill a well of such a depth on your own; the help of specialists and heavy drilling equipment is required. In addition, all artesian wells require mandatory registration, since water deposits at a given depth are a mineral and are subject to subsoil legislation, which are a strategic reserve of the state. The water supply to the house is carried out directly under the pressure of the bowels or pumping station.
Stages of work on the supply of water from the well
Whatever well you use to organize the water supply of your country house, it will require certain equipment, which should be installed in the following order:
- It is necessary to purchase a deep pump of sufficient power, which will allow not only to raise water from the depth of the well, but also to create sufficient pressure in the system, allowing all plumbing fixtures to work properly. Characteristics of the pumps are available in the technical documentation for them. The submersible pump is lowered directly into the well and is suspended by a steel cable. It should not touch the bottom of the well, but at the same time it should be far from the water surface. The power supply cable to the pump must be waterproof.
- Then an automation unit is installed that allows you to control the entire operation of the pump. This machine is equipped protective devices, protecting an expensive unit from power surges, overheating or "dry running". Attention! This stage should not be ignored, since in conditions of constantly jumping voltage, a pump failure is a matter of time.
- It is desirable to supply such systems with a capacious hydraulic pneumatic tank, which not only accumulates water and reduces the number of pump on and off, but also eliminates the risk of water hammer, which can lead to equipment failure. The best option for a country house is a 100 liter hydraulic accumulator.
- Another important structure that protects the system from freezing is the caisson. It should be installed at such a depth that there is no freezing of the soil there. All wiring to the house goes already From him. This building needs to be well insulated. heat-insulating material, preferably with foam, as it gets wet.
A lot has been said about the external water supply system, so let's move on to considering the internal wiring device.
How to design an internal water supply system in a private house with your own hands
Making internal wiring in a house with your own hands is much easier than digging a well or drilling a well. To do this, stock up on the required number of plastic pipes 1/2Ø and 3/4Ø, stop valves and different kind shaped parts for the pipeline. If necessary, you can build a collector, which will significantly increase the efficiency of the entire pipeline system. To construct a water pipe inside the house with your own hands, you don’t need so many tools. For polypropylene pipes You will need a soldering iron and scissors to cut these pipes. Metal-plastic pipes generally require only a set wrenches and those scissors. To know how many and what kind of fittings you need, you need, as mentioned at the beginning, to make a detailed pipeline project.
If you do not have the skills to work with a soldering iron and generally assemble pipelines, then you should think about whether it is better to entrust this work to specialists. If you still decide to cope on your own, then first practice on pipe cuts so as not to spoil the entire system and follow the recommendations of specialists.
Thus, the construction of an autonomous water supply system for a country house "from scratch" is quite laborious and resource-intensive, but feasible for those who are not afraid physical labor and is proficient with hand tools.
Water supply of a private house can be arranged different ways. Although it is quite difficult for an unprepared person to independently understand all the intricacies and nuances of the operation of a water supply system, it will be useful to know the basics, at least for competent control of the work of installers. In order to competently choose the most optimal water supply option for your home, you need to understand its main types.
Water supply equipment is located in a separate room Source kolodec.guru
Types and methods of water supply of a private house
Water supply in a private house is divided into two main types:
Autonomous. Water is supplied from our own well.
centralized. Water is supplied from a water main, which in turn is fed from a water tower or pumping station.
Each of these options has its pros and cons, as well as the features of the installation work, which ultimately affects the final cost of organizing the water supply of a private house.
Centralized water supply: advantages and disadvantages
The main criteria for choosing a water supply system for a private house are usually:
The presence of a water main in a particular area is banal, but this issue is sometimes paid last attention;
The quality of the water supplied (in some holiday villages there is only technical water);
Reliability and uninterrupted operation;
Dependence on external factors (some lines are turned off for the winter);
Cost (sometimes it is cheaper to make an autonomous water supply than to crash into a highway).
Video description
Highlights on the required documents and permits, as well as how preliminary preparation is carried out - on the video
To the virtues centralized system water supply includes the following factors:
Automatic maintenance of the required pressure in the system;
Water initially undergoes purification - demineralization, removal of various impurities and mechanical particles, disinfection;
Low cost of connection and all installation works.
The disadvantages of this option include:
Dependence on external factors;
The need to obtain permits;
Monthly fee;
The pressure in the system can vary greatly;
The quality of water often leaves much to be desired due to the high concentration of chlorine and other chemical elements.
Autonomous water supply: pros and cons
The organization of autonomous water supply of a private house requires large financial and labor costs at the construction stage. This is due to the need to dig a well, or drill a well, draw up a plan correctly, and then select and purchase all the necessary equipment. Next, everything needs to be mounted and connected.
Despite the high costs of organizing an autonomous water supply for a private house, this method has several advantages:
Independence from external conditions;
Possibility to carry out water supply in places where there is no water main;
There is no need to pay monthly water supply services;
Water quality is usually much higher, plus the ability to independently install the necessary filters, depending on specific conditions.
Autonomous water supply is more difficult compared to the main Source communications.ru
As a result. Based on the foregoing, it is impossible to unambiguously answer which water supply system for a private house is better. The first option (centralized) is a lower initial cost and a relatively simple installation procedure. But the second way is independence and the absence of monthly payments, best quality water and the reliability of the entire system, provided that the water supply scheme of a private house is drawn up correctly, the selection of equipment and its installation are carried out in accordance with all technological norms and standards.
Features of water supply from a well
Most often, when implementing an autonomous water supply for a private house, they use the option of supplying water from a well. This is due to the following factors:
The quality of water from a well is usually much better than from a well.
The volume of water is stable throughout the year, seasonal fluctuations are insignificant.
Durability (except for shallow wells "on the sand") and no need for periodic repair work.
The disadvantages of a well are more expensive drilling compared to digging a well, as well as the need to use more expensive borehole pumps.
Video description
Comparison of wells and wells in the video:
Types of wells
There are two main ways to organize the water supply of a private house from a well - the scheme may involve the use of an artesian well (up to 150 m deep) or the so-called "on the sand" (15-50 m). They differ not only in depth, but also in service life. The former can be used for up to 50 years, while the service life of the latter is usually 8-20 years.
Drilling of artesian wells is carried out using special equipment. Each such well is registered and a passport is issued for it. As a result, this work can only be entrusted to professionals.
Drilling wells "on the sand" can also be done manually, using an auger drill and extending its handles with pipes of suitable diameter.
Selection of pumping equipment
Pumping equipment is used to supply water to consumption points from a source. These may be individual pumps. various types(most often submersible - centrifugal or rotary) or pumping stations. When choosing such equipment, it is necessary to take into account the following parameters and technical characteristics:
Water consumption;
Minimum water supply column;
The highest point of water consumption;
well depth;
Nominal pressure (indicated in the passport);
Productivity (m³/hour).
In addition to the passport, all characteristics of the pump are indicated on the tags Source kolodec-mos.ru
The most popular and widespread are submersible pumps, the head of which is 60-80 m, and the productivity reaches 4 m³ per hour.
Scheme of water supply to a private house, water supply design
The organization of water supply of a private house begins with the preparation of a project. At this stage, it is necessary to take into account which type will be chosen, the frequency of use, as well as the source of water, the number of water loss points and the equipment used.
The water supply scheme will be fundamentally different, depending on which pumping equipment is selected for use. For example, it can be a submersible pump that is immersed in water and equipped with special automation. The second option is a pumping station or a surface pump. Most often installed in a house, utility room or caisson. The third option is the use of hydraulic accumulators.
Hydraulic accumulators for autonomous water supply of a private house Source b-a.eu
The latter option is considered the most preferable, as it allows you to significantly reduce the number of on-off pumping equipment, to prevent water hammer, thereby significantly extending the service life.
What factors should be considered when designing
An important role is played by the methods of purification and filtration of water, which are planned to be used. This can be a simple arrangement of a filter layer at the bottom of the well and the use of simple filters, or it can be the installation of filter systems.
Another important factor that must be taken into account when drawing up a water supply scheme for a private house is how hot water will be supplied.
In addition, the depth of the water pipes must be taken into account, which depends on the depth of soil freezing in a particular region.
A less expensive option for the implementation of autonomous water supply in a private house is the supply of water from a well. This is due to the lower cost of digging a well, its long service life. Possibility of using less expensive pumping equipment.
Scheme of autonomous water supply from a well Source pinterest.com
Wiring diagrams
The most common water supply scheme is with a serial connection. This is especially true for rooms with a small number of appliances and equipment that is powered by a water supply system. The main advantages of this option are the ease of installation work, the relatively low consumption of pipes and fittings. The disadvantages are a decrease in pressure in the pipeline, at the end points, the difficulty in determining the location of the leak, you cannot turn off a separate pipe.
alternative sequential circuit is a collector connection. The main advantages are aesthetics (hidden gasket), high reliability, due to the minimum number of connections, plus simple and easy access to them. In addition, such a mounting system makes it possible to separately adjust each element of the system and plumbing fixtures. Disadvantages - more expensive cost of work and the need to use more pipes and accessories.
Water supply scheme: single-pipe and through a collector Source stroyobzor.info
Features of hot water supply of a private house
In order to organize hot water supply of a private house, electric boilers are used, geysers, and boilers on solid or liquid fuel. Each of these options has its own characteristics, pros and cons. Recently, it has become more and more popular solid fuel boilers on pellets, husks, sawdust and other waste from woodworking or paper production.
In our directory, you can find the most popular companies specializing in country house water supply, among the houses presented at the exhibition Low-rise Country.
Boilers allow you to organize the heating of a private house and hot water supply - at the same time, double-circuit models do better. They are characterized by high efficiency, ease of maintenance, cost-effectiveness, inexpensive fuel and durability. One of the most best options organization of hot water supply is the use of buffer tanks (heat accumulators).
Video description
Clearly about the use of a heat accumulator in the video:
A properly planned water supply system of a private house, plus correctly selected equipment and high-quality installation of all elements, allow the system to be operated for many decades, without any payments and special problems.
