Autonomous water supply of a private house - from a deck and a well! Water supply of a private house: design and creation of an autonomous system What is autonomous water supply.

Autonomous water supply to a summer house or a private house is no longer a luxury, but an obvious need. After all, using a well, carrying water in buckets, is not the best way out.

If it is not possible to connect to a centralized water supply system, the hot water supply system will have to be organized by hand.

1 Scheme for creating an autonomous water supply system

Now many owners of private houses can boast of the experience of organizing the supply of cold and hot water for personal needs. Typically, a water supply scheme (hot or cold - it doesn’t matter, in principle) includes the following components:

source (this can be well water supply or water supply from a well);
water supply device;
cleaning system;
hydraulic accumulator;
external and internal water pipes;
plumbing fixtures.

If needed hot water, a water heater or a boiler can be used - depending on the chosen scheme and the available equipment.

Autonomous water supply of a private house is organized from the search for a suitable source. As a rule, you have to choose from three options:

well;
artesian well;
sand well.

The least expensive, while simple option is a well. However, this solution has two drawbacks: the questionable purity of water and its small amount.. Well owners are well aware of the problems: the corpses of small animals, garbage, melt water that has penetrated into the ground with runoff. Although it is easier to clean the well with your own hands, for example, than a well. After all, it is also subject to pollution.

And if for two people a day the volume of water in the well may be enough, then a family with children, and even with the need for private irrigation of the soil, is unlikely to be provided with water properly. Indeed, according to experts, for a small family of four, about 1,500 liters of liquid are required daily, and the lion's share of this volume is for hot water supply.

A well "on the sand" makes it possible to extract water from an aquifer located 10-30 m from the surface. For this, it is used submersible pump. Such a source requires proper care so as not to get silted. Most often, filtering is needed.

most clean water can be obtained from an artesian well. But you need to be prepared for the high cost of the project, since artesian water is deep. But for the organization of such a water supply system does not require a pump.

One well can provide not only a private house but even a small village. Before organizing such a well with your own hands, you should check the water, since it may contain a high content of one or more elements, for example, iron.

Such a well must be registered with the state authorities, since such a source is considered strategic.

Given the equipment used, water supply from a well is divided into several types:

summer well;
a well with an adapter;
well with caisson.

The first option is economical, although it allows you to use water in a warm season. As for the well equipped with the adapter, it is suitable for operation all year round, since the pipes are below the freezing depth of the soil.

Installation of a well with a caisson is the most expensive procedure. However, such autonomous water supply country house considered the most reliable.

If you need to organize autonomous water supply to a private house with your own hands, you should take care of the presence of water purification devices in the system. After all, she must enter the house of proper quality.

It is necessary to install filters that perform mechanical purification of water. Therefore, the cost of improving water quality will also be added to the drilling costs.
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2 The principle of operation of the system and its individual components

In order for water to rise from the source, to be supplied to the system, a pump is required. To choose it, you should understand from what depth the water supply scheme will be organized. Important characteristic pump - its performance. The electrical cable is laid to the device by underground or air method.

Autonomous control ensures uninterrupted operation and monitoring of pressure indicators in the system. The pressure switch is responsible for turning the pump unit on and off.

See also: why do we need coarse water filters?

The control system also controls the presence of water in the source, the appearance emergency in the plumbing. And the indicators of the monitoring system show how the pump works during mains voltage fluctuations.

Additionally, the water supply system is supplemented by a hydraulic accumulator, which maintains the desired pressure level. The presence of such a device in the system reduces the number of pump starts, which means that productivity increases significantly. Installation of a hydraulic accumulator is possible in a well, on the ground floor or in the basement of a house.

The use of such a container is relevant for both hot and cold water supply, as well as for heating systems.

The disadvantage of such an organization is that the system depends on the constant availability of electricity.

A more reliable water supply scheme is with the existing water pressure tank. Do-it-yourself installation is carried out on the second floor or attic of the building. The material for the manufacture of the container is plastic or stainless steel. The volume of the tank is 50-300 liters.

The make-up of the tank must be automated so that the system functions continuously. In this case, the house can be provided hot water.
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3 Installation of the water supply system

Before embarking on any actions with your own hands, you need to decide what the scheme for organizing cold and hot water supply will be, taking into account the above recommendations. After that, you should take care of the presence necessary materials, tools and equipment with the required characteristics.

To drill a well, you need to involve specialists with the necessary equipment and experience.

To organize a water supply system (hot or cold) with your own hands, you can use pipes made of different materials. The water supply should be laid at a depth that exceeds the soil freezing index. Otherwise you have to use thermal insulation materials or special heating so that the water in the system does not freeze.

To improve the comfort of staying in a private house, it is recommended to organize a hot water supply system with your own hands.

In order for the scheme to function effectively, it will be required (to summarize the above):

optimal performance pump or pumping station which will cope with the lifting and transportation of water from the well;
a large volume of a hydraulic accumulator or water tank (so that the system has some kind of water supply);
dry running protection.

Be sure to install a filter before the pump or check valve. After the pump, a do-it-yourself pressure gauge and pressure switch are installed.

The pumping station is connected to the control panel and to the domestic water supply system. If a submersible pump is used, it is controlled by a float switch located in the storage tank.

If the pumping station is installed on the surface in the immediate vicinity of the well, a special container is used for this - a caisson. The pipe is dug to a depth of 2.5 m. In this case, the diameter of the pit should be twice the size of the caisson.

Then you need to dig for water pipe trench at a depth of 1.8-2 m. A pump is installed in the caisson, connected to the borehole pipe. Next, the container is poured along the contour with concrete. Layer approximately 40 cm.

When the concrete dries, the space is filled with sand-cement mortar. There should be about 50 cm of free space, which should then be filled with soil.

When all devices are connected, the necessary settings are set, you can proceed to testing - in practice, check whether the plumbing circuit is functioning correctly. During process control, the connections should be checked for leaks.

If you have doubts about your strengths and capabilities regarding the organization of water supply in the house with your own hands, you should contact the experts. And let this procedure cost more, personal time and effort will be spent a minimum, and the quality of the result will be at its best.
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byreniepro.ru

A member of the dacha forum - forumhouse "Nomad" believes that the water in the dacha should be not only in the summer season, so I decided to make a well in order to have water all year round

On suburban area Vladimir near Moscow there is a water pipe. But the catch is that the water in the SNT is turned on in May and turned off in October. Therefore, he decided to provide himself with an autonomous water supply and make a well in order to have water all year round.

Well - a budget option for organizing an autonomous water supply system

Neighbors of Vladimir, who understood from their own experience what an autonomous
water supply and what benefits it gives, they said that it is at a depth of 6-10 meters. On reflection, he decided to autonomous water supply to hammer the Abyssinian well, because This is the simplest and most budget solution to the problem. First, I turned to several professionals in this field, including those from the forumhouse. They gave necessary and valuable advice that could be used, but all orders are scheduled until the summer. He could not wait, so he decided to make the well himself.

Purchase of materials

In the market, he bought galvanized pipes an inch and a quarter 5 pieces of 1.6 meters each, they were also threaded there.

I purchased: steel couplings, an adapter for a hand pump and a needle with a filter, the main elements of an autonomous water supply system. Vladimir especially liked the quality of the needle.

After the turned needle, after 10 cm, a special mesh is wound and soldered around the pipe. Before winding and soldering it, holes are drilled in the pipe itself, through which, having filtered through this mesh, water enters the pipe.

As usual, a local locksmith, Uncle Vanya, was found, who made "Babu" and a tip for the bubble.

The tip is made on a cone to center the impact. The impact surface inside the baba has the same shape. Since the tip is larger in diameter than the pipe itself, a ring is attached to the bottom of the woman on two bolts with an inner diameter along the pipe. Thus, the woman slides along the pipe without any backlash with a working stroke of about 40 cm. It weighs 25 kg.

He took a hand pump for pumping from a friend.

Pipe clogging

Vladimir's house stands on a columnar foundation about a meter from the ground, so from the very beginning he decided to make a well right under it. First of all, in the right place, he made an opening in the floor.

Then he drilled the first half a meter of soil with an ordinary drill, adding boiling water. Boiling water poured because it was winter. The occupation is quite laborious, but he did it because he was afraid to damage the needle or bend the pipe on the frozen ground. But the permafrost has passed. You can score.

First, he hammered the pipe a little, then put it vertically along the plumb line. I sawed a hole in the boards under it so that the pipe did not deviate from the vertical, and nailed them.

After that, the process started. As it progressed, the coupling was screwed on, then a new pipe. He screwed the sleeve onto the linen with paint.

With each blow of the woman, the pipe advanced by 2-5 mm. Slowly but surely Vladimir hammered pipes.

After 6 meters, he periodically removed the woman, poured water into the pipe and watched whether he was leaving or not. The water began to leave when 8 meters were filled, which means that he got into the aquifer. Therefore, after that, he screwed a hand pump to the pipe, added water and began to pump ...

And when the water came out of the pump in a powerful stream, he was more delighted with it than a dying man in the desert. At first the water was completely gray. After the pump pumped out about 50 buckets, the color began to gradually lighten closer to the color tap water. But the pressure didn't stop.

Explanations:

When the filter enters the aquifer with a hand pump, you need to start pumping out water. At first, the dirt that is in the immediate vicinity of the filter will rise. Then a space is formed around the filter in height greater than the aquifer itself. This space is called a lens. That is, in the aquifer near the filter, a supply of water is formed, a kind of lake, and the larger it is, the better.

So that the filter does not silt up, you first need to pump it very well so that a sufficiently large lens is formed. Well, then, as often as possible, pump water, do not let the well stagnate. Then everything will be all right.

Result

Vladimir does not yet know how much water comes from the well, he did not have time to measure the flow rate. But, judging by the way the water flows with the help of a hand pump, the system works - it should be enough. He collected a bucket in about 1 minute. He calculates that it will be enough for a shower, a washbasin, a sink in the kitchen and a storage boiler at a time when the water supply is turned off.

And to complete the work, Vladimir still needs to purchase a pumping station, and then he will have such an advantage on the site as autonomous water supply.

www.forumhouse.ru

Advantages of autonomous water supply

Installation of autonomous water supply in the arrangement of communications at home has a number of significant advantages. Let's consider them in more detail:

Due to the presence of a pump with autonomous water supply, the water pressure in the system will always be optimal. This circumstance is especially true for houses that have several floors.
Water will always be available, and in the required quantity. In the event of a power outage or a pump malfunction, thanks to the installation of a storage tank, the problem of lack of water will not arise.
The quality of the water received will be at a sufficient level. Unlike centralized system where old and damaged by corrosion are used in operation metal pipes, modern hoses autonomous system ensure a good quality water supply.

Autonomous water supply options

When arranging an autonomous water supply, there are several variations of connecting the system. Let's consider them in more detail:

One of the possible sources is a reservoir, which is located near the building. Water from it comes through hydropneumatic automatic equipment.

The next way to autonomous water supply of an apartment can be a well. As a rule, the diameter of the well should be over 8 cm, and the depth varies from 15 to 250 m, depending on the type of source. An autonomous water supply well can be either sand or artesian:

the depth of the sand source, as a rule, reaches 30 m. Such a well is able to cover the consumption of domestic water consumption for one house;
if large volumes of water are used, for example, to fill the pool or water the garden, the artesian source option is best suited. It has great depth and is able to provide several houses with water.

Important! You can drill a well anywhere on the site, including drilling under the house. It is necessary to perform high-quality isolation of the well and remove it from the sewer outlet. Water will require a tank of 200-300 liters, which should be placed in a separate room above the source itself.

Thinking about how to make autonomous water supply year-round, it is necessary to install a caisson on the well. This is a metal structure, the task of which is to provide thermal insulation and protect the well from sewage.

Another source of autonomous water supply for a private house is a well. Its diameter must be over 50 cm, and its depth must be at least 10 m. An automatic pump is used to pump liquid out of the well, which is also capable of monitoring the water level in the source. In a day, 2-3 m 3 of the necessary liquid can be obtained from a well. But it should also be remembered that often the water from the well has pollution that comes with precipitation.
Another way to get water is to capture it from the surface of roofs. During the year, up to 100 m 3 of melt and rain water can be obtained from a roof with an area of 100 m 2. This amount is able to cover a significant part of the consumption for a family of 4 people.

System installation

The autonomous water supply system includes the following components:

pump;
autonomous control unit;
water supply network;
hydraulic accumulator.

First you need to install an electric pump. We do it like this:

Initially, we fix the device on a special cable that will hold it above the water in a suspended state.
To connect an autonomous hot water supply, we use an electric cable for external wiring. There are two options for its location - underground and canopy. In the latter case, a number of conditions must be met:

the height at which the cable will be placed should not exceed 5 m;
the cable from the branches should be separated by a distance of 3 m;
it must be located as far as possible from the entrance of the site;
you should also take into account the moment that in frosty conditions the cable will become shorter, so you should not hang the wire under strong tension.

At the next stage of installation, it is necessary to install equipment for the accumulation of water. It can be a hydraulic accumulator or a hydropneumatic tank. Consider the features of their work in more detail.

The accumulator serves as storage equipment for water and maintains constant pressure in the network. In addition, with such equipment, you will have to start the pump fewer times. The latter feature has a positive effect on the operation of the pump, since water is supplied according to specified conditions.

If the pressure drops to a certain value, the pump turns on and the accumulator is filled to its original state. The most suitable areas for the installation of this equipment will be basements, first floors of houses, wells. But for high-quality and uninterrupted operation of this equipment, it is necessary to provide a constant supply of power.

The water tank does not require such a condition. It is usually installed in the attic of the house. The task of such a tank is to provide pressure. For this purpose, a metal or plastic container of 300 liters can be used. To ensure a constant supply of water, automation should be installed, the task of which will be to turn the pump on and off.

Autonomous water supply scheme:

Use of the pumping station

It is also possible to install a pumping station, which greatly simplifies the entire installation process, since it already includes the pump itself, a hydropneumatic tank, a control unit and fittings. In addition, such a station incorporates sensors that regulate the water level and a device for replenishing air. Nanos has the function of automatic activation and deactivation. But despite obvious benefit pumping station, it has some drawback - its tanks in volume reach 23 liters, which is a small indicator. For this reason, the pump often turns on and off.

This system should be installed based on the following rules:

It is necessary to place the equipment in a room where it will not be exposed to low temperatures.
The device should be installed using rubber gaskets. This will make it possible to avoid unwanted noise during operation.
It is also recommended to install a stabilizer for the station so that the device is provided with uninterrupted power supply.

Plumbing system for autonomous water supply

Distinguish between external and internal plumbing systems. An internal type plumbing is installed inside the building. It includes the following components:

input;
riser;
distribution networks;
plumbing connections.

And also the complex of internal water supply is made up of fittings: mixing, regulating, water folding and shut-off.

In this case, pipes various materials, in particular, they can be cast iron, steel or polymer. Lay communications internal system along the walls, performing work with the upper and lower wiring. The lower branching involves laying the network in the basement of the building, the upper one - under the ceiling.

Polyethylene pipes are used for the external system. On sale they can be recognized by visual signs- as a rule, it is a black pipe with a blue stripe. Polyethylene pipes have a number of positive characteristics:

First of all, it is worth noting a fairly long service life. They can last from 60 to 80 years.
They also do not corrode.
An important feature is the low cost of the pipes themselves, as well as the simplicity of their installation and further operation.

It is necessary to lay the pipes of the external water supply at a depth exceeding the level of freezing. To prevent the system from freezing, an electric heating cable should be placed next to the pipe.

Conclusion

An alternative option in those places where it is not possible to receive water from a centralized system is an autonomous water supply to the dacha. The main sources of water for such a supply are wells, wells and nearby reservoirs. Modern equipment will provide the house with high-quality water and in sufficient quantity.

How to make autonomous water supply with your own hands can be seen in the fragment:

recn.ru

Water sources

The autonomous water supply system needs a source of water.

They may be:

Well;
Well;
Country water supply, the water in which is supplied according to the schedule (usually twice a week). This solution is typical for gardening associations, but somewhat inconvenient for domestic use, so we set ourselves the task of organizing round-the-clock water supply. country house from the storage tank;

Finally, water can be imported. And in this case, we have to provide autonomous water supply to a private house from a tank.

Implementation of water supply

Now let's move on to the actual water supply schemes. To learn more about how autonomous water supply systems are designed, the video in this article will help the reader.

Scheme 1: well or well up to 8 meters deep

This scenario is the simplest: the work comes down to connecting the cold water input to the outlet pipe of the installation for autonomous water supply (pumping station). It is a set of a surface pump, a membrane tank and an automatic relay to control the power supply of the pump depending on the pressure.

Hint: a diaphragm accumulator increases pump downtime with little water draw and smooths out pressure surges when it is turned on and off. The pressure switch is triggered when the boundary parameters specified by the manufacturer or the owner are reached (usually the pump turns on at 1.5 kgf / cm2 and turns off at 4.5).

How to choose a pumping station? Very simple: its performance should be equal to or exceed the peak water flow in your home. In this case, even with the simultaneous use of several plumbing fixtures, the pressure in the water supply will not fall.

Why it is impossible to use autonomous water supply installations on deep wells and wells? Simply because a pressure drop of 1 kgf / cm2 (that is, an absolute vacuum in the suction pipe of the pump at atmospheric pressure outside) can raise the water column by only 10.3 meters.

Since the actual difference due to the design of the pump is slightly less than one atmosphere, the maximum possible water suction depth is also less: for a typical pumping station, it is 8-9 meters.

Scheme 2: a well or well with a depth of more than 8 meters

How to install an autonomous water supply system with a significant depth of the water source?

Obviously, we will have to use a different type of pump - a submersible (see How to choose the right submersible pump).

Depending on the depth of the well and the budget of the project, you can choose a device of one of three varieties:

Image	Description
	Membrane (vibrating): the mechanics of the device sets in motion an elastic membrane, forcing water to move through a system of check valves. Advantage - cheapness. Disadvantages - a small overhaul resource due to membrane wear, water pollution with sand and silt due to vibration.
	Vortex: The head is generated by the minimum clearance between the single impeller and the chamber walls. Advantages: compactness, reasonable price, significant resource compared to vibration pumps. Disadvantage: only works with clean water.
	Multistage pump: pressure is provided by working chambers connected in series with water channels with impellers on a common shaft. Advantages: practically unlimited pressure (it is determined by the number of working chambers); the ability to pump contaminated water by increasing the gap between the impellers and the walls of the chambers; durability and resilience. The disadvantage is the high cost.

If you only have to design an autonomous water supply, when choosing a pump, pay attention to two of its parameters:

The pressure at the outlet pipe must be at least 15 meters greater than the difference in height between the water table and the upper draw-off point. Excessive pressure compensates for the hydraulic resistance of pipes and ensures the normal operation of plumbing fixtures;

Performance again should not be less than the peak water flow.

In addition to the pump, the water supply scheme should include:

An input laid in the ground. Usually it is mounted with a polyethylene pressure pipe: polyethylene, due to its elasticity, tolerates soil movements and even freezing of water inside the pipe without damage;

Check valve. It stands on the outlet pipe of the pump and does not allow water to drain into the well or well when it is turned off;

Hydraulic accumulator. We have already discussed its functions. The larger the volume of the membrane tank, the less often the pump will turn on. The pumping pressure of the membrane tank should be slightly higher than the lower threshold of the pressure switch;

Automatic pressure switch. It controls the operation of the pump.

Scheme 3: tank with gravity water supply

This is another extreme simple circuit: autonomous water supply is provided by the difference in height between the storage tank and the draw-off points. The tank is installed in the attic or under the ceiling of a residential floor and is automatically filled when water is supplied to the country water supply.

How does connecting an autonomous water supply to a storage tank look like with your own hands? External water supply is connected to a filler float valve installed under the tank cover (the same as in the toilet bowl).

The internal water supply of the house is cut off from the tank only by a ball valve, which allows it to be dumped for plumbing repairs without losing water.

How to calculate the required capacity? The instruction is very simple: the minimum volume is equal to the product of the maximum interval between water supplies according to the schedule and its daily consumption (an average of 200 liters per person per day). Let's say, for two residents, when water is supplied twice a week, a tank of 200x2x4 \u003d 1600 liters is enough.

The advantage of the solution is obvious: the water supply from the tank is completely non-volatile. If you often turn off the light, this will not affect the water supply.

Alas, such a scheme for autonomous water supply of a private house also has several rather unpleasant drawbacks:

The water supply is limited by the strength of the floors;

For operation in winter, the tank must be installed in a heated room, which in the case of an attic means extra costs;
The solution is not suitable for one-story house With flat roof or a garage: there is simply nowhere to place a container in them;
The pressure in a gravity water pipeline is limited by the difference in height between the water level in the storage tank and the draw-off point.

Meanwhile: for normal operation using water household appliances(flow heaters, washing machines etc.) a head of at least 3 meters is required.

Scheme 4: tank with a pumping station

The last scheme is deprived of these shortcomings - with the supply of water from a tank by a pumping station already familiar to us. The tank is installed in the basement or basement floor, which makes it possible not to worry about heating it.

The container can be filled:

From the country water supply;
imported water;
Rain water that has been filtered.

Internal plumbing

What pipes to install an autonomous water supply inside the house?

Polypropylene pipes. They combine low cost with durability and ease of installation. Their only drawback - limited resistance to overheating and water hammer - is offset by the stability of water supply parameters in an autonomous system.

Conclusion

As you can see, all the proposed schemes are easy to implement and, if there is a source of water, do not require significant costs. Good luck!

moikolodets.ru

Preliminary calculations of the water supply system

An autonomous water supply system begins with the calculation of the required amount of water, which should ensure the comfortable life of everyone who will live in the house. Next, you should calculate the power of pumping equipment and provide in advance a system that will be responsible for automatic protection.

After that, equipment is selected, a distribution manifold diagram is drawn up and tanks, pumps, pipes and everything else are purchased.

Materials and equipment for water supply

The list of equipment and materials that will be needed in the process of organizing autonomous water supply:

automatic protection and electrical system;
pump or pumping station;
pumping station of the second level (if necessary);
cleaning system;
pipes for outdoor water supply;
hydropneumatic tank;
valves, fittings, faucets, mixers, pipes and more.

Well or well?

Autonomous water supply at home requires a constant source of water, so one of the most simple ways is digging a well. In favor of such a solution, it can be said that this is the most accessible and cheap way provide the house with water.

But the minus is also impressive - the maximum amount of water received from the well is 200 liters per hour. If you can wait several hours to turn on the shower or do the dishes, then this option is for you. By cons well can also be attributed to the content in ground water ah some regions harmful to humans impurities. They must be removed before the water is used for food purposes.

Instead of digging a well, many owners country houses resort to drilling wells, which are divided into several types.

A simple option - sand well

You can start by describing the sand well, as it is the easiest to perform. The depth is usually from 15 to 30 m. When autonomous water supply of the house is carried out using a sand well, you can count on covering the water consumption of one house, if you do not need to fill the pool, take a shower, do laundry and water the garden at the same time.

The advantage of a sand well is the relative purity of the water. At the same time, there are also disadvantages. So, the sandy aquifer is not always stable. Even if the well is functioning normally on the neighbor’s site, then you have a risk of not getting to the water.

Instead of sand, many use an artesian well. Its depth can be from 25 to 250 m. The maximum duration of drilling is measured in 10 days. Water from an artesian well is quite enough to provide several country houses, both for technical needs and for drinking.

Well for organizing water supply

In addition to digging wells, the most convenient solution would be well drilling. All wells are divided into two types: imperfect and perfect.

An imperfect well differs from a perfect well in a smaller volume of water intake. This is due to the fact that it reveals a small part of the aquifer. It is used in the case when the aquifer is quite large, but it is not required to pass it completely.

The most important detail in the arrangement of the well is a mechanical filter. It completely prevents the penetration of sand, silt and other contaminants into the water.

An autonomous water supply system from a well should be organized using plastic pipes, since metal counterparts are susceptible to corrosion and will eventually give the water an unpleasant color and taste.

A perfect well passes through the entire aquifer. Subsequently, she stops in front of a water-resistant layer. Thanks to this type of well, it is possible to provide the greatest inflow of water. The water system will work uninterruptedly, since such a well fills up faster.

In addition to dividing all wells according to their design characteristics, they differ in the type of aquifers. There are two types of aquifers on which an autonomous water supply system will be organized: sand and limestone.

One or the other option is selected depending on the technical needs. A well on limestone is drilled to a depth of about 200 meters. The sand well has a depth of up to 40 meters and is ideal option for the device of water supply of a summer residence. For a residential cottage, this option is not so good, since water requires additional purification and, in its unpurified form, is more often used for technical needs, in particular, for watering plants.

The main components of a decentralized water supply system

The modern choice of materials and equipment allows you to choose the elements of the system for automatically supplying the required volume of water from the source of water intake. As a rule, autonomous water supply consists of:

submersible borehole pump;
automation and protection systems;
hydraulic accumulator (membrane tank);
filtration devices,
pipeline;
control and locking fittings;
devices that will account for water supply (meters for cold and hot water).

When choosing pumping equipment pressure and water consumption (volume flow) must be taken into account. This will ensure proper water pressure. To maintain pressure in the system, you will need to install a hydraulic accumulator, and in order for the pumping equipment to turn on and off on its own, you need to install automation.

What should be the pump for the water supply system

Pumps are divided into surface and submersible. Autonomous water supply at home should be installed taking into account specific operating conditions. For example, if the aquifer runs at a sufficient depth, then a submersible pump should be used. Surface can be installed at a depth of about 7 meters.

Unlike surface pumps, submersible ones have more power, which allows them to pump water from a depth of 80 m. At the same time, they are quite compact. This makes it possible to place them in small areas.

Downhole pumps are divided into three types:

vortex;
centrifugal;
screw.

Vortex pumps, compared with centrifugal pumps, have the following advantages:

the ability to create more pressure,
the presence of a self-priming function,
lower cost.

The disadvantages include that efficiency for such devices is approximately 45%. They are unsuitable for pumping liquids that contain abrasive particles as this causes some parts of the pump to wear out quickly.

Centrifugal pumps are used in cases where the water contains a large amount of sand or rises from great depths. Autonomous water supply at home with such devices will be very effective.

Screw versions of pumps differ from the previous two in that they can be used to pump water from open reservoirs. The maximum depth at which such pumps can operate reaches 15 meters.

It will also be important to install start-up devices that will prevent Negative influence on the electric motor of differences in the electrical network, and protect the pumping equipment from running "dry".

In the choice of pipes for plumbing devices, should be based on such criteria as high quality, reliability, corrosion resistance and ease of installation. When choosing among copper, steel, metal-plastic and plastic pipes, give preference to the optimal ratio of price and quality.

To date, the most popular pipes that use heating and hot water supply are polypropylene reinforced and non-reinforced pipes.

Filtration equipment should be selected according to the results of the source water analysis. Without such data, you can only purchase mechanical filters.

To save on the cost of consumed hot water, instead of traditional boilers, indirect heating boilers can be installed. In the cold season, this will help to significantly reduce the cost of paying for heat carriers.

Any owner of a country house is faced with a problem, which is the organization of water supply. You can choose one of two options for solving this issue: connect to a centralized water supply or engage in independent arrangement of an autonomous water supply system. Using the second option, you can significantly save the time it takes to collect documents and permits required when connecting to a central water supply, because the organization of an autonomous water supply does not require the preparation of any documents.

An autonomous water supply system becomes the only option when it is not possible to connect to a centralized water supply system. good decision there will be an appeal to a company that will carry out all work on the installation of an autonomous water supply system at a professional level. But if the owner of a country house decided to complete the entire process on his own, then he should be ready for laborious work.

The advantages that an autonomous water supply of a summer residence gives:

optimal pressure in the system. IN country houses often arrange several bathrooms. For example, on the first floor there is a toilet, and on the second floor there is a bathroom. In the presence of a pressure boosting pump, autonomous water supply will provide the necessary pressure at all water points.
availability of water supply. Installing a storage tank will allow you not to worry that due to interruptions in the supply of electricity or a breakdown of the pump, the residents of the house will be left without water. In addition, membrane tanks and hydraulic accumulators (up to 500 liters in volume) will allow maintaining the necessary pressure in the system;
high water quality. Autonomous water supply draws water from wells and wells and provides for the installation of water treatment systems. And if you remember that high-quality modern pipes are used in individual construction, you can be sure that the quality of economic and drinking water will be excellent. Centralized water supply in many regions of our country still operates metal pipes that are prone to corrosion.

Preliminary calculations of the water supply system

After that, equipment is selected, a distribution manifold diagram is drawn up and tanks, pumps, pipes and everything else are purchased.

Materials and equipment for water supply

The list of equipment and materials that will be needed in the process of organizing autonomous water supply:

automatic protection and electrical system;
pump or pumping station;
pumping station of the second level (if necessary);
cleaning system;
pipes for outdoor water supply;
hydropneumatic tank;
valves, fittings, faucets, mixers, pipes and more.

Well or well?

Autonomous water supply at home requires a constant source of water, so one of the easiest ways is to dig a well. In favor of such a solution, we can say that this is the most affordable and cheapest way to provide a house with water.

But the minus is also impressive - the maximum amount of water received from the well is 200 liters per hour. If you can wait several hours to turn on the shower or do the dishes, then this option is for you. By cons well one can also attribute the content of impurities harmful to humans in the groundwater of some regions. They must be removed before the water is used for food purposes.

Instead of digging a well, many owners of country houses resort to drilling wells, which are divided into several types.

A simple option - sand well

Well for organizing water supply

In addition to digging wells, the most convenient solution would be well drilling. All wells are divided into two types: imperfect and perfect.

The most important detail in the arrangement of the well is a mechanical filter. It completely prevents the penetration of sand, silt and other contaminants into the water.

An autonomous water supply system from a well should be organized using plastic pipes, since metal counterparts are susceptible to corrosion and will eventually give water an unpleasant color and taste.

One or the other option is selected depending on the technical needs. A well on limestone is drilled to a depth of about 200 meters. The sand well has a depth of up to 40 meters and is ideal for a country house water supply device. For a residential cottage, this option is not so good, since water requires additional purification and, in its unpurified form, is more often used for technical needs, in particular, for watering plants.

The main components of a decentralized water supply system

submersible borehole pump;
automation and protection systems;
hydraulic accumulator (membrane tank);
filtration devices,
pipeline;
control and locking fittings;
devices that will account for water supply (meters for cold and hot water).

What should be the pump for the water supply system

Downhole pumps are divided into three types:

vortex;
centrifugal;
screw.

Vortex pumps, compared with centrifugal pumps, have the following advantages:

the ability to create more pressure,
the presence of a self-priming function,
lower cost.

Centrifugal pumps are used in cases where the water contains a large amount of sand or rises from great depths. Autonomous water supply at home with such devices will be very effective.

Screw versions of pumps differ from the previous two in that they can be used to pump water from open reservoirs. The maximum depth at which such pumps can operate reaches 15 meters.

It will also be important to install start-up devices that will prevent the negative impact on the electric motor of power surges and protect pumping equipment from running dry.

To date, the most popular pipes that use heating and hot water supply are polypropylene reinforced and non-reinforced pipes.

Filtration equipment should be selected according to the results of the source water analysis. Without such data, you can only purchase mechanical filters.

In any home, running water has long ceased to be considered a luxury. Comfortable living is provided by three main life support systems, first of all, autonomous water supply of a country house. It is difficult to do without electricity and sewerage, but it is simply not possible without water. When designing the construction of a private house, the closest attention is paid to water supply issues.

Scheme of autonomous water supply of a country house

Where to get water

Based on today's conditions, there are no problems with water production. It is easy to make your own water source anywhere. In the private courtyard, wells and water wells are widely used. But for autonomous water supply of a country house, the presence of one source of water is not enough. Additionally, you need to have equipment that will ensure the delivery of water to the point of consumption. We will consider its composition in more detail a little later.

Well

The well is one of the main sources of water supply, especially in countryside. But is there any reason to build it for a country house? Here opinions are divided, but in any case it will not be superfluous. It is enough to be left without electricity and without water for a while, that's for sure. In this case, the good old water source, the well, will come to the rescue. On the other hand, maintaining a well is not particularly expensive, but troublesome.

When building a well, first of all, you need to choose the right place where it will be located. This takes into account the presence of an aquifer, and the state of groundwater, compliance with the requirements of sanitary norms and rules, and a number of other not unimportant factors. Even at the design stage, it is necessary to decide what parameters the individual water supply should correspond to.

Speaking of a well, it is not superfluous to recall that the water from it is not always suitable for direct consumption. But that's not the point. Water can be filtered and disinfected before drinking. The main problem of all wells is their low water yield. According to experts, an average family of four consumes 1,500 liters of water per day. The well produces up to 200 liters per hour. Enough?

Well at the dacha

Comprehensive information on the construction, maintenance and operation of wells on your site can be seen on the pages of the site.

wells

Not centralized water supply of a country house, of course, is a big drawback. The most optimal way out of this situation is to drill a well in the area. It has a high water yield compared to a well, and its water quality is much higher. Two types of wells are widely used - for "sand" and artesian.

The sand well is the most budgetary. Its depth is 20-30 meters, the volume of water dispensed reaches 500 liters per hour. Excluding watering the garden, filling the pool, washing and taking a shower at the same time, the water yield of such a well will be quite enough for a small house in a summer cottage. The service life of a well varies between 10-20 years.

Artesian well. Its drilling is carried out with the involvement of heavy equipment. Depth 100-120 meters. Water yield is high - up to 10 m³ / h. This amount of water is more than enough for any country house. It is important to note that the water from an artesian well is clean, suitable for consumption without additional filtration.

Water well scheme

The site contains detailed information about the construction of wells at the site.

Important. Best Option The source of water supply is an artesian well. But for its construction it is necessary to obtain permission from local authorities.

Decentralized water supply. In this case, water is delivered to the consumer without pipeline transportation. As an example, consider buying drinking water in a store, or having it delivered to your home on order. Wells and wells on the site also belong to this water supply system. Most importantly, water from these sources must comply with SanPiN for non-centralized water supply.

Taking water from a source

Equipment for the water supply system

Autonomous water supply of a private house is not only a source of water. To create a system, you will need its elements such as:

pump and pumping station;
cleaning system;
pipelines;
hydropneumatic tank;
protection system.

The mandatory minimum elements of water supply for a country house are listed. It is possible to add others. It all depends on the specific installation site of the system.

Pump and pumping station. When installing water supply systems for houses, pumping stations are widely used. Their principle of operation is to automatically maintain the water pressure in the system. It happens in the following way. As soon as the water begins to be consumed and the pressure drops to the set level, the relay is activated and the pump turns on. It will work until the pressure in the system is restored. After that, it turns off.

Pumping station in the house

When choosing a pumping unit for your home, you need to know its characteristics and selection criteria. The main ones will be:

hydraulic accumulator capacity;
pump power;
water depth;
the number of people living in the house;
remoteness of water users from the source.

From operating experience, you can focus on the following figures: for four people living in one-story house it is enough to have a pumping station with a 60-liter hydraulic accumulator and a 2 kW pump. At the same time, the depth from which water is taken does not exceed 10-12 meters. More detailed information can be obtained from the sales assistant when purchasing the station.

Cleaning system in without fail it is used when the water source is a well or a well on "sand". It consists of two filters - a coarse filter, which is installed before the water enters the pumping station, and a fine filter, installed at the outlet.

Pipelines of the water supply system must have good throughput, high corrosion resistance and be easy to install. Metal-plastic pipes most fully correspond to these qualities. Their diameter depends on the system as a whole, but is usually in the range of 25-32 mm.

Hydropneumatic tank. Often he is integral part pumping station, but can be supplied separately. Its volume varies widely: from 24 to 1000 liters. The main purpose of this element of the system is to create pressure inside the system. At the same time, it functions as a water reservoir.

The protection system is designed to save electrical consumers from power surges, short circuits and other failures in the performance of the electrical part. May include fuses, relays, RCDs and other protective elements. More specific recommendations on the selection and installation of a protection system will be given by energy specialists.

For your information. Full advice on the selection of equipment for a particular water supply system can be obtained from Vodokanal.

Installation of the water supply system

An autonomous water supply system can be mounted by hand. This process is not very difficult, although there are certain nuances, the implementation of which is mandatory. If there is a well (well) on the site, it remains to install a pump and lay pipes from the water source to the house.

Installing the pump

To do this, you need a pipe with a check valve, a steel cable Ø 4-6 mm, an electric wire with a cross section of 2.5 mm² and plastic clamps. The pipe diameter is selected according to the connecting part of the pump. A check valve may not be needed if it is pre-installed in the pump itself.

Before installation, carefully attach the pipe and cable to the body. When lowering the pump into the well, the electric wire is fixed on the pipe with clamps after 1.5-2 meters. Having smoothly lowered the pump to the bottom of the well, it is necessary to raise it by 2 meters and securely fasten the cable to the head of the casing pipe. This completes the installation process.

Pump prepared for descent into the well

We mount pipes

When doing this work, it is necessary to take into account several generally accepted rules:

the depth of the trench should be greater than the depth of soil freezing;
the pipeline must have a minimum number of bends;
high-quality thermal insulation of pipes is necessary;
along with the pipes, the electric cable of the pump is laid.

The mounted pipeline is connected with one part to the pump pipe, the other - to the pumping station and through it to the entrance to the house.

Depending on the location of the pumping station, it is possible to install a water supply system with a caisson device. In this case, the entire water lifting device will be located above the well.

In the event that the installation of a caisson is not expected, it will be necessary to make a separate warm room for the pumping station or install it in the house.

Important. If private water supply is carried out in regions with a predominance of low temperatures, it is necessary to install a heating cable on the pipeline from the well to the entrance to the house.

The device and installation of a water supply system for a country house is not very difficult. The market represents a wide selection of elements of water supply systems, and to make them right choice Vodokanal specialists and sales consultants will help to do it. And in order to make sure that the requirements for the quality of water of non-centralized water supply are met, its sample must be taken to the nearest SES for analysis.

Don't forget to rate the article.

Today we have to analyze some autonomous water supply schemes in a house without a centralized supply cold water. We will study the main elements of these schemes, their key features and how they work. So, let's go.

Water sources

The autonomous water supply system needs a source of water.

They may be:

Well;
Well;
Country water supply, the water in which is supplied according to the schedule (usually twice a week). This solution is typical for gardening associations, but somewhat inconvenient for domestic use, so we set ourselves the task of organizing round-the-clock water supply to a country house from a storage tank;

Finally, water can be imported. And in this case, we have to provide autonomous water supply to a private house from a tank.

Implementation of water supply

Now let's move on to the actual water supply schemes. To learn more about how autonomous water supply systems are designed, the video in this article will help the reader.

Scheme 1: well or well up to 8 meters deep

Hint: a diaphragm accumulator increases pump downtime with little water draw and smooths out pressure surges when it is turned on and off. The pressure switch is triggered when the boundary parameters specified by the manufacturer or the owner are reached (usually the pump turns on at 1.5 kgf / cm2 and turns off at 4.5).

Depending on the depth of the well and the budget of the project, you can choose a device of one of three varieties:

Image	Description
	Membrane (vibrating): the mechanics of the device sets in motion an elastic membrane, forcing water to move through a system of check valves. Advantage - cheapness. Disadvantages - a small overhaul resource due to membrane wear, water pollution with sand and silt due to vibration.
	Vortex: The head is generated by the minimum clearance between the single impeller and the chamber walls. Advantages: compactness, reasonable price, significant resource compared to vibration pumps. Disadvantage: only works with clean water.
	: pressure is provided by working chambers connected in series with water channels with impellers on a common shaft. Advantages: practically unlimited pressure (it is determined by the number of working chambers); the ability to pump contaminated water by increasing the gap between the impellers and the walls of the chambers; durability and resilience. The disadvantage is the high cost.

If you only have to design an autonomous water supply, when choosing a pump, pay attention to two of its parameters:

The pressure at the outlet pipe must be at least 15 meters greater than the difference in height between the water table and the upper draw-off point. Excessive pressure compensates for the hydraulic resistance of pipes and ensures the normal operation of plumbing fixtures;

Performance again should not be less than the peak water flow.

In addition to the pump, the water supply scheme should include:

An input laid in the ground. Usually it is mounted with a polyethylene pressure pipe: polyethylene, due to its elasticity, tolerates soil movements and even freezing of water inside the pipe without damage;

Check valve. It stands on the outlet pipe of the pump and does not allow water to drain into the well or well when it is turned off;

Hydraulic accumulator. We have already discussed its functions. The larger the volume of the membrane tank, the less often the pump will turn on. The pumping pressure of the membrane tank should be slightly higher than the lower threshold of the pressure switch;

Automatic pressure switch. It controls the operation of the pump.

Scheme 3: tank with gravity water supply

This is another extremely simple scheme: autonomous water supply is provided by the difference in height between the storage tank and the draw-off points. The tank is installed in the attic or under the ceiling of a residential floor and is automatically filled when water is supplied to the country water supply.

The internal water supply of the house is cut off from the tank only by a ball valve, which allows it to be dumped for plumbing repairs without losing water.

The advantage of the solution is obvious: the water supply from the tank is completely non-volatile. If you often turn off the light, this will not affect the water supply.

Alas, such a scheme for autonomous water supply of a private house also has several rather unpleasant drawbacks:

The water supply is limited by the strength of the floors;

For operation in winter, the tank must be installed in a heated room, which in the case of an attic means extra costs;
The solution is not suitable for a one-story house with a flat roof or a garage: there is simply nowhere to place the container in them;
The pressure in a gravity water pipeline is limited by the difference in height between the water level in the storage tank and the draw-off point.

Meanwhile: for the normal operation of household appliances using water (flow heaters, washing machines, etc.), a pressure of at least 3 meters is required.

Scheme 4: tank with a pumping station

The container can be filled:

From the country water supply;
imported water;
Rain water that has been filtered.

Internal plumbing

What pipes to install an autonomous water supply inside the house?

They combine low cost with durability and ease of installation. Their only drawback - limited resistance to overheating and water hammer - is offset by the stability of water supply parameters in an autonomous system.

Conclusion

As you can see, all the proposed schemes are easy to implement and, if there is a source of water, do not require significant costs. Good luck!

Autonomous water supply to a summer house or a private house is no longer a luxury, but an obvious need. After all, using a well, carrying water in buckets, is not the best way out.

If it is not possible to connect to a centralized water supply system, you will have to organize the system yourself.

1 Scheme for creating an autonomous water supply system

source (it can be or );
water supply device;
cleaning system;
hydraulic accumulator;
external and internal water pipes;
plumbing fixtures.

If hot water is needed, a water heater or boiler can be used, depending on the scheme chosen and the equipment available.

Autonomous water supply of a private house is organized from the search for a suitable source. As a rule, you have to choose from three options:

well;
artesian well;
sand well.

The least expensive, while the simplest option is a well. However, this solution has two drawbacks: the questionable purity of water and its small amount. Well owners are well aware of the problems: the corpses of small animals, garbage, melt water that has penetrated into the ground with runoff. Although, it is easier, for example, than a well. After all, it is also subject to pollution.

2 The principle of operation of the system and its individual components

In order for water to rise from the source, to be supplied to the system, a pump is required. To choose it, you should understand from what depth the water supply scheme will be organized. An important characteristic of the pump is its performance. The electrical cable is laid to the device by underground or air method.

Autonomous control ensures uninterrupted operation and monitoring of pressure indicators in the system. is responsible for turning the pump unit on and off.

The control system also controls the presence of water in the source, the appearance of an emergency in the water supply. And the indicators of the monitoring system show how the pump works during mains voltage fluctuations.

Additionally, the water supply system is supplemented by a hydraulic accumulator, which maintains the desired pressure level. The presence of such a device in the system reduces the number of pump starts, which means that productivity increases significantly. possible in the well, on the ground floor or in the basement of the house.

The use of such a container is relevant for both hot and cold water supply, as well as for heating systems.

The disadvantage of such an organization is that the system depends on the constant availability of electricity.

The make-up of the tank must be automated so that the system functions continuously. In this case, the house can be provided with hot water.

3 How to install a water supply system?

Before embarking on any actions with your own hands, you need to decide what the scheme for organizing cold and hot water supply will be, taking into account the above recommendations. After that, you should take care of the availability of the necessary materials, tools and equipment with the required characteristics.

To drill a well, you need to involve specialists with the necessary equipment and experience.

To organize a water supply system (hot or cold) with your own hands, you can use pipes made of different materials. The water supply should be laid at a depth that exceeds the soil freezing index. Otherwise, you will have to use thermal insulation materials or special heating so that the water in the system does not freeze.

To improve the comfort of staying in a private house, it is recommended to organize a hot water supply system with your own hands.

In order for the scheme to function effectively, it will be required (to summarize the above):

the pump that is optimal in terms of performance or, which will cope with the lifting and transportation of water from the well;
a large volume of a hydraulic accumulator or water tank (so that the system has some kind of water supply);
dry running protection.

Be sure to install a filter or check valve in front of the pump. After the pump, a do-it-yourself pressure gauge and pressure switch are installed.

The pumping station is connected to the control panel and to the domestic water supply system. If a submersible pump is used, it is controlled by a float switch located in the storage tank.

Then you need to dig a trench for the water pipe at a depth of 1.8-2 m. A pump is installed in the caisson and connected to the borehole pipe. Next, the container is poured along the contour with concrete. Layer approximately 40 cm.

When the concrete dries, the space is filled with sand-cement mortar. There should be about 50 cm of free space, which should then be filled with soil.

3.1 How to make a water supply system for a private house? (video)

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