Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev. A brief description of Asya in the story "Asya" What was Asya in Turgenev's story
The romantic story "Asya" was written in 1857 and a year later published in Sovremennik. Later, Turgenev himself translated the work into French, since other translations did not satisfy him.
The main characters of the story "Asia":
N.N.- A twenty-five-year-old man. He loved to travel, had good health, youth, money. He was interested and admired by new faces and characters. In a German town he met young people like himself. He liked them. Asya, so unusual and so different, the chameleon girl made a deep impression on him. But he did not fully realize that he loved her. Not realizing, he did not say to her those words that she had been waiting for. Asya and her brother left, but N.N. I tried to catch up with them, and then for a long time I remembered this unusual girl.
Asya- a dark-skinned, pretty girl with black eyes and a graceful figure. Asya was an extremely mobile girl. Every minute she jumped up, ran into the house, came back again. She often laughed at her thoughts. She looked at people directly and boldly. She was a little strange and incomprehensible. She could be lively and laughing, concentrated and modest, calm and meek. Every time different. Asya was the daughter of a nobleman and a peasant woman. Therefore, she did not look much like a girl of a noble family. She spent 4 years in a boarding house, and there, however, some manners were instilled in her. She studied well, but was a wayward girl. Asya fell in love with N.N., but did not immediately admit it to herself.
Asya's mother considered a woman to be impregnable. She agreed with her master only after the death of his wife. Gagin's father wanted to marry her, but she refused, she believed that she could not be a lady. She did not want Asya to live in a manor house.
Gagin- an ugly young man. He “had just such a face, sweet, affectionate, with big soft eyes and soft curly hair. He spoke in such a way that, even without seeing his face, you could feel by the sound of his voice that he was smiling. He dreamed of devoting his life to painting. But he was a sluggish man, incapable of hard work. He was a noble young man who took care of his half-sister.
Father of Gagin and Asya spent most of his life in the countryside. His wife died early, and, surviving the death of his beloved woman, he withdrew into himself and within four walls. He sent his son to his brother in St. Petersburg, where young Gagin received an excellent military education.
The story ends in separation. This is how people often cannot tell each other the most important things, and misunderstanding deprives them of happiness. N. was afraid of Asya's feelings, and somewhere subconsciously felt that he could not marry Asya. He did not take the step that Asya and her brother expected from him. Gagin took Asya away so that N.N. didn't make her suffer.
"Asia" Heroes
A Russian boy and girl meet abroad, in a small German town. Southern Germany, the banks of the Rhine were famous for the beauty of the landscape, interesting tourist routes, caring service of fashionable hotels.
Mr N.
The protagonist of the work, it is he who tells us the story of his acquaintance with the strange girl Asya.
The hero is 25 years old, he travels around Europe, enjoying freedom, wealth and youth. In almost every town he has a lady of the heart
Before meeting Asya, he feels love in his heart for a beautiful widow who rejected him.
In one German town, the hero meets Asya and Gagin. Good relations are established between them, N. becomes a welcome guest in the house of Asya and Gagin. A strong feeling gradually arises between Asya and N. The heroine is ready to do anything for love, but N. was afraid of responsibility.
Later, the hero regrets his betrayal and wants to fix everything, but he missed his chance. Asya will tell him about this in a farewell note. Knowing N well enough, Gagin and his sister decided to leave without waiting for an answer. They understood that Mr. H was not yet ripe for such an important decision, and after a while he would regret it.
In a fit of feeling, the hero rushed to catch up with Asya, but fate decreed that he would not find them.
He consoled himself with the thought that he probably would not be happy with such a wife. "From the last chapter of the story, we learn that the hero never met his love, he lives as a lonely bean and still keeps the memory of Asa.
Among the numerous series of women that he had, only this girl left a deep mark on his soul.
A young girl living in the same German town with her brother Gagin.
environment with a wild, original disposition, intelligence, emotionality, impetuosity. "Asya was extremely quick-witted, she studied well, better than anyone else; but she did not want to come under the general level, she was stubborn, looked like a beech ...".
for the sake of love is ready for anything.
She has a deep strong feeling for Mr. N. A. confesses her love to him and says that she is ready to follow him to the ends of the world.
Gagin
Asya's older brother, a traveling Russian nobleman, an amateur artist.
Owning a significant fortune and not depending on anyone, he decides to devote himself to painting and for this he wanders around Europe.
He is soft, kind and sweet.
This is "the Russian soul, truthful, honest, simple, but, unfortunately, a little sluggish, without tenacity and inner heat"
Asya and Gagin's father
was a man "very kind, intelligent, educated - and unhappy." Having lost his wife early, he transferred all his love to his son. Gagin Sr. "was raising himself and would never have parted" with his only child. But the capital's relatives convinced the father to give a "decent son" noble education.
Acquaintance with the heroine. Asya's background. The picture of the holiday is given not only because "not everyone knows what commerce is." To characterize the young hero, it is important to emphasize the inner relationship with the young people of another country, the general festive carelessness. The spectacle of someone else's feast "touched and set fire to him." At some point, N. feels like joining in: “Should I go to them?” It is symbolic that at this moment of hesitation the hero suddenly heard Russian speech. He preferred to get acquainted with the Russians - a young man and a girl. The speed of friendship is explained by the joy of meeting with compatriots. She grew from the consciousness of mutual sympathy. The young man immediately felt that he was not dealing with jaded tourists, but attentive wanderers like him. The new friends apparently felt the same when they invited him to dinner at the house on the hill.
Asya's inner world is revealed from the very first dinner at the Gagins' house. Like all Turgenev girls, she is characterized by a subtle experience of beauty. For living, she chose a small, far away, but poetic house, from where “the view was exactly wonderful”: “The town sheltered by the shore showed all its houses and streets; hills and fields spread wide<…>. Above, the purity and depth of the sky, the radiant transparency of the air. Asya knows how to see beauty where no one notices it. How many times did Mr. N. cross back and forth! And now he "jumped into the boat and said goodbye." But Asya shouted from the shore so that he would not miss the fantastic beauty of the picture of the night crossing: “You drove into the moon pillar, you broke it ...” For the first time, N. “looked around” and froze: “moon pillar<…>stretched like a golden bridge across the river.
Consonance with the natural world coexists in Asa with her benevolent curiosity for people. On the very first evening, N. encountered a manifestation of her sensitivity. While he was descending, talking leisurely with Gagin, the girl quickly "ran past" to negotiate with the carrier and hire a boat for a new acquaintance. Asya's kindness and participation charmed the prim old German woman, the widow of the burgomaster, Frau Louise.
Gagin, "possessing a decent fortune", went abroad with his sister to seriously engage in painting. In his clothes, the desire to imitate the poor and independent European artists is noticeable. Going to paint, he "put on a round hat a la Van Duck, a blouse ...". A curious psychological touch: an enthusiastic artist most of all “asked<…>make sure the soup isn't too thin" by the time he gets back. Having chosen “an old hollow oak” for the painting, Gagin and his new friend “rather cleverly and subtly talked about exactly how it should work, what should be avoided<…>and what exactly is the meaning of the artist in our age. This ended the creative morning: “Having chatted to our fill and filled with a sense of satisfaction, as if we had done something, we returned home.” After such an episode, the reader is not surprised that although "in his ( Gagina) sketches had a lot of life and truth, which is free and wide; but none of them were completed. Gagin himself, in a moment of enlightenment, bitterly complains about Oblomov's "cursed<…>promiscuity." He realizes that he can become a real artist, "if he has enough patience." The history of Gagin's artistic attempts and reflections on the reasons for their downfall are close to the misadventures of Raisky in The Cliff. “There are no artists without bitter, constant work… no! you won’t work, you won’t be able to shrink, ”N. came to such a conviction on the very first day of his acquaintance with Gagin. Similar thoughts were expressed in Goncharov's novel by the artist Kirilov.
At the same time, the Turgenev hero sincerely sympathizes with Gagin: “The more I got to know him, the more I became attached to him.<…>. It was impossible not to love him: the heart was drawn to him. N. has much more complex feelings towards his sister. Asya is sharply opposed to her brother. He was "a soft, half-delicate Great Russian nobleman, and she did not look like a young lady." The words and movements that emphasize her unusualness become key in the description of the girl.
Observant N. sees the difference between Gagin and Asya. After the first meetings, he comes to the conclusion: “But still, she is not his sister.” This suspicion is strengthened by one overheard conversation. Excited Asya, through tears, assures Gagin of her love, as if she is afraid that he will deprive her of his affection: “No, I don’t want to love anyone but you, no, no ...” Puzzled, N. imagined Asya as Gagin’s beloved. Obviously, something interfered with their marriage, and the lovers fled Russia to avoid gossip. With this “discovery”, the whole being of the hero, as it were, bifurcates. In part, Mr. N. continues to consider himself a mere acquaintance of Gagin. As such, he is delighted with his own worldly experience and observation “I smiled, I rubbed my hands, I was surprised at the occasion that suddenly confirmed my guesses (I did not doubt their validity for a single moment) ...” Another part of the soul suffers.
Fortunately, his delusion did not last long. The sincere, straightforward Gagin preferred to talk bluntly and reveal a family secret. Upon N.'s return, in the town, in front of the sad Madonna, a sad conversation takes place about Asya's past. A conversation from which we learn how many difficulties lie ahead of her. Asya turns out to be the daughter of a master and a peasant woman. A frequent situation in the then society. Turgenev addressed her in his novel "The Nest of Nobles", the main character of which, Fyodor Lavretsky, was the son of the master Ivan Petrovich and the meek courtyard girl Malasha. In his last novel, the writer will return to this topic, saying that the main character with the symbolic surname "Nezhdanov" was the son of a nobleman and a governess ("Nov"). On the one hand, the children of such love (and this, as a rule, was a real dramatic passion) inevitably inherited the qualities of both parents. They merged the best features of the two estates, the noble and the peasant. On the other hand, the sanctimonious society rejected these children, making them feel their false position.
In 1857, Turgenev's touching, lyrical and beautiful work "Asya" saw the light of day. Public opinion about this story exceeded all expectations. Asya has won the hearts of millions of readers around the world and has been translated into many major European languages.
What is the secret of the attraction and popularity of this sad and unpretentious love story? Let's find out.
In this article, your attention will be given a concise analysis of the work, a concise description of its heroes and a brief retelling. "Asya" Turgenev will surely captivate you with her gentle sentimental sensuality and ingenuous, simple chastity. It will encourage you to look at the world in a new way, teach you to appreciate sincerity and purity.
So, meet - "Asya" Turgenev, who conquered millions of hearts! The quotes and excerpts from the story mentioned in this article will give you the opportunity to enjoy the wonderful style and style of the writer, and the beautiful illustrations below will help to capture the images of the main characters and their characteristic features for a long time.
History of creation
Once, while traveling in Germany, Ivan Sergeevich became a casual observer of a fleeting picture: a sedate elderly woman was looking out of the window of the first floor of a small stone house. After a moment, the pretty face of a young girl appeared in the window on the floor above. What was the fate of these women? And what could bring them together in one house? The writer's fantasies about this are reflected in Turgenev's lyrical Asya. An analysis of the narrative suggests that the author was able to convey the atmosphere of a German town and the friendship of two different, but very sweet women, with a soulful, subtle psychologism.
Prototypes
They say that the prototype of the timid and sensual Asya was the writer's own illegitimate daughter, Pauline Brewer. The prototype of the main character could also be Turgenev's half-sister, Varvara Zhitova. Both girls, deeply worried about their dubious position, could not find themselves in an aristocratic society.
What did Turgenev want to convey to his reader? “Asya” (an analysis of the work is presented in the article) definitely answers this question. But before proceeding to a detailed study of the story, let's briefly recall the plot.
The beginning of a sad story
A brief retelling of Turgenev's Asya should begin with a description of the main character, on whose behalf the events are being narrated.
An anonymous Mr. N.N. appears before the critical eye of readers. He, recalling his youth, recalls the events of his tour of Europe and acquaintance with unusual compatriots.
He meets the Gagins, a young man and a young girl, brother and sister, who travel together. Men quickly approach each other, often spend time together for conversations and entertainment.
The main characters of Turgenev's Asya experience genuine feelings of friendship and sympathy for each other. Over time, Mr. N.N. begins to pay attention to the sister of his comrade.
main character
Asya is a special and unusual girl. She is very well-read and knows how to draw beautifully, subtly feels the beautiful and has a heightened sense of justice.
Asya has a changeable character and extravagant nature, at times she is desperate and reckless. On the other hand, the girl is vulnerable and impressionable, kind and affectionate, pure and natural.
Possessing such an amazing and unusual character, she attracts the attention of the protagonist and makes him look for the reasons for her strange behavior. His feelings for her are truly contradictory: he simultaneously condemns the girl and admires her.
Watching the brother and sister, the protagonist begins to suspect that in reality they are not. What kind of relationship do they have? Are they really lovers, shamelessly playing with the feelings of their friend?
To answer these questions, you need to know the life story of the main character. This is the main theme of Turgenev's Asya.
History of Asya
Asya is not a simple noblewoman. She is the daughter of a wealthy gentleman, Gagin's father, and a poor serf. The ambiguous position, lack of education and personal sorrows leave a certain imprint on the behavior and mannerisms of the main character. She cannot deftly, secularly conduct a conversation, cannot confidently control her feelings and emotions.
Why is Asya Turgeneva attractive? The narrator's comments about her indicate that the main shortcomings of the girl are her main virtues. Asya is not like secular coquettes, hypocritical and thoughtless young ladies. She is endowed with imagination, passion, liveliness and spontaneity, which makes her charming and desirable in the eyes of the protagonist.
Brother and sister
Between Asya and her brother there is a difficult and peculiar relationship. Gagin, realizing his duty regarding his younger sister, feels love and pity for her at the same time. He treats her condescendingly and at the same time sincerely, arrogantly and at the same time kindly. And she ... She is attached to him genuinely and passionately, afraid to upset or tarnish him.
“No, I don’t want to love anyone but you, no, no, I only love you
I want to love - and forever, ”she opens up passionately and emotionally to her brother.
Unhappy love
Communication with Mr. N.N. awakens in the heart of a young and inexperienced girl a storm of new and unintelligible feelings for her. She, who does not understand herself and is afraid of her feelings, behaves strangely and changeably, but these are not ordinary whims. Asya's behavior reflects her inner struggle and turmoil, her desire to please and charm.
Not knowing how to hide her feelings and not even realizing that it is necessary to do this, the girl opens her soul to her brother and beloved. In this childish naive act, all of her is revealed - the innocent and impulsive Asya Turgeneva. The main characters cannot appreciate her frankness and temperament.
Gagin calls his sister crazy and laments that "she will destroy herself, without fail." However, he still notes Asya's sublime and noble feelings, as well as her purity and sincerity.
The protagonist, on the contrary, cannot appreciate the rare and wonderful qualities of a girl who loves him and whom he himself loves. "To marry a seventeen-year-old girl, with her disposition, how is it possible!" - Mr. N. N. thinks. Yes, he cannot go against secular rules, he cannot marry an illegitimate woman, he cannot fight for his love. And even when Gagin bluntly and sadly asks a friend if he is going to marry his sister, he avoids a direct answer and is silent.
How does Turgenev end his story "Asya"? Reviews and reviews of the work indicate that the chosen epilogue is very realistic and successful.
End
The main character, realizing that she is not loved and not understood, decides to leave her first love forever. She is not imposed, does not make scenes. She just walks away, taking with her a broken heart and unrelenting pain.
This shows the strong side of the girl's character - she is resolute and adamant in what she considers right, her pride and wisdom are worthy of imitation.
What did Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev want to show with his work? “Asya” (the content and plot of the story are briefly described above) teaches readers that it is important to fight for their happiness, appreciate sincerity and innocence and not be led by the opinion of the majority.
Contemporary reviews
What impression does the pure and straightforward Asya Turgeneva make on modern readers? Reviews of this story continue to be enthusiastic and positive.
Despite the fact that much of the work is not completely clear to the hearts and minds of today's readers, yet Asya's story encourages reflection on true feelings and relationships.
Many people like the depth of feelings and the fullness of emotions conveyed by Turgenev in the book. The author wrote accurately and vividly, without unnecessary vague phrases and reasoning. It touches the heart not with pathos or erotica, not with sarcasm or cruelty (as may be accepted in modern literature). No, Ivan Sergeevich describes on the pages of his story quiet and simple feelings, gentle and noble impulses that find kindness, dignity and generosity in the hidden corners of the human soul.
We really hope that this article will encourage you to take a volume of Asya from the library and plunge into the gentle and romantic world of Turgenev, a world where mutual understanding and morality, compassion and prudence reign. And, of course, love.
ASYA- the heroine of the story by I.S. Turgenev "Asya" (1858).
"Her own name was Anna." "There was something of her own, special, in the warehouse of her swarthy, round face, with a small thin nose, almost childish cheeks and black bright eyes." "Black hair, cut and combed like a boy's, fell in large curls around the neck and ears." "Her large eyes looked straight, bright, bold, but sometimes her eyelids squinted slightly. And then her gaze suddenly became deep and gentle." "She was gracefully built, but as if not yet fully developed." "Little Raphaelian Galatea in Farnesina", according to N.N. Asya's face was "one of the most changeable" faces. Precisely such variability was noticed in her whole character. "Bashful and timid by nature, she was annoyed at her shyness and, out of annoyance, forcibly tried to be cheeky and bold, which she did not succeed in." "Childlike clarity", "peace and meekness" were replaced in her by something "tense, not entirely natural." She either "deliberately played a role", with a clear desire to show off, then she was herself and "neither a shadow of coquetry, nor a sign of a deliberately adopted role" was noticed in her; she was either naughty, like a child, "fooling around", then she imposed "fasting and repentance" on herself. "The defiant, almost impudent, grin" was then replaced by "a concentrated, almost sad expression," and she "all died down." She did not know how to lie, but for frankness she demanded complete frankness. “You,” says Asya N.N., “always believe what I will tell you, only you should be frank with me, and I will always tell the truth, I give my word of honor.” She becomes attached to people not quickly, but firmly. So, "she became attached to Gagin only when she was convinced that he definitely recognized her as a sister and fell in love with her as a sister." She knows how to feel subtly, deeply. "Feelings are expressed in it with incredible power." She cannot keep silent, hide, wait. She herself confesses to her brother her love for N.N., she herself makes an appointment with N.N., without waiting for his confession. The feeling wakes up in her "as unexpectedly and as irresistibly as a thunderstorm." “You should not judge me by what ... what I do,” she says to N.N. “She has a very kind heart, according to Gagin, but her head is hot” - “a fiery head”, “real gunpowder”. "Her sensitivity is just terrible." “It used to happen,” Asya recalls, “I used to cough one daddy, from another room, to find out if he was pleased with me or not.” - For those who knew her little, from whom "she turned away", Asya was only a "capricious girl with a strained laugh", "a chameleon girl". "It is necessary," says Gagin, "to get to know her well in order to judge her." But "when she was revealed," "her image" was illuminated with a "new", "captivating light" and "secret charms shyly shone through it." "There was something restless in all her movements." Not for a single moment did she sit still: she got up, ran away and ran again, sang in an undertone, often laughed in a strange way: it seemed that she laughed not at what she heard, but at various thoughts that came into her head. "Do you think I can only laugh?" - she asks N. N. "Sometimes I want to cry, but I laugh," Asya said. She dreams of "going somewhere far, to pray, to a difficult feat..." "Days are passing, life will be gone, and what have we done?" - beats in front of her question. “She would like to be Tatyana, she would like to be a bird and have wings to soar”, “fly” and “drown” in the “blue”. But the wings have grown, and there is nowhere to fly. Like Pushkin's Tatyana, Asya, according to Gagin, "we need a hero, an extraordinary person." "Strange thoughts" are crowding in her head: even as a child, she thought about "why can no one know what will happen to him? why can one never tell the whole truth?" Delving into the world of her own sensations, she sadly thought about the fact that "she knows nothing, that she still has a lot to learn." "Prideous to the extreme," she was tormented by the thought that she "had no ability." “I need to be re-educated, I have been brought up very badly,” she expresses aloud the thought that excites her. "I can't play the piano, I can't draw, I don't even sew well." "I don't have any abilities, it must be boring with me." "Secret oppression pressed her constantly, her inexperienced pride was anxiously confused and beating, but her whole being strove for the truth." "I myself never know what's in my head," Asya said with a "thoughtful look." "Sometimes I'm afraid of myself, by God!" For a moment it seemed to her that "it is better to die than to live like this." "Then she was worried, her features turned pale, her movements became slow, indecisive" ... "It was clear from everything that she had not been in women's hands since childhood and had received a strange, unusual upbringing." "She didn't look like a young lady." "This wildling was recently grafted, this wine was still fermenting." As a child, "she was wild, agile and silent, like an animal." "Mother (Tatyana Vasilievna), while she was alive, kept her very strictly, with her father she enjoyed perfect freedom. He was her teacher; apart from him she did not see anyone." Asya soon realized that she was the main person in the house; she knew that the master was her father; but she also soon realized her false position; pride developed in her strongly, distrust too; bad habits took root, simplicity disappeared. "She wanted to make the whole world forget her origins; she was both ashamed of her mother and ashamed of her shame and proud of her." "Young forces played out in her, her blood boiled, and not a single hand was nearby to guide her. Complete independence in everything." "She wanted to be no worse than other young ladies; she pounced on books." At the boarding house, "she continued on her way." "It was impossible to punish her," "she did not succumb to affection." She studied better than anyone, but "didn't want to come under the general level, she was stubborn, looked like a beech" ... "Of all her friends, she got along with only one, ugly, driven and poor girl." Later, she had "a passion - to get acquainted with people of the lower circle." Her boarding school friends, "young ladies mostly from good families, did not like her, stung her and pricked her as best they could; Asya did not yield to their hair." She had "not a single feeling" was "half". "Flattery and cowardice" she considered "the worst vices."
Criticism: A., says Pisarev, "a sweet, fresh child of nature", "all living, all natural." A. "is so smart that she knows how to discuss her own actions in her own way and pronounce a sentence on herself. Her strength is in the strength of her feelings." “If,” Pisarev continues, “it is possible to revere anything, then it would be most reasonable and graceful to stop with reverence before this power of feeling: this is such an engine for which there are no insurmountable difficulties; with any struggle between people, sooner or later the party on whose side there is the greatest amount of energetic feeling will prevail, the person who brings into life an ardent desire to enjoy, an ardent, energetic love of life, will surely achieve the desired happiness, if some absurd stone does not fall on his head. get stuck in a quagmire, unable to overcome either material need or human ill will. “Asya is such a person who has all the makings of a happy, full life; having developed apart from the conditions of our life, she did not become infected with its absurdities. If she met a fresh man, she would show us what it means to be happy, and would give us the most saving and fruitful lesson that no one has yet been able to give us." (Pisarev. Op. T. 1. "Female types". In addition: Chernyshevsky, "Russian man on rendez-vous" (below N. N.); P. Annenkov, "Crit. Art. about recollection." T. 2; Vengerov, Turgenev.
A. is one of the most poetic female images of Turgenev. The heroine of the story is an open, proud, ardent girl, who at first sight strikes with her unusual appearance, spontaneity and nobility. The tragedy of A.'s life is in her origin: she is the daughter of a serf peasant woman and a landowner; this largely determines her behavior: she is shy, does not know how to behave in society, etc. After the death of her father, the girl is left to herself, she early begins to think about the contradictions of life, about everything that surrounds her. A. is close to other female images in the works of Turgenev, most of all in her resemblance to Liza Kalitina (“The Noble Nest”). With them, she is related by moral purity, sincerity, the ability to strong passions, the dream of a feat. A. is given in the story through the perception of Mr. N.N., on whose behalf the narration is being conducted. N.N. meets her while traveling in Germany, where A. lives with his brother, her peculiar charm awakens love in him. A. herself encounters this feeling for the first time in her life, N.N. seems to her an extraordinary person, a real hero. Love inspires the heroine, gives her new strength, inspires faith in life, but her chosen one turns out to be weak-willed and indecisive, he cannot adequately respond to her ardent feelings. A.'s determination frightens him, and N.N. leaves her; the first love of the heroine is unhappy.
A detailed analysis of the story is presented in the article by N.G. Chernyshevsky “A Russian Man on Rendez-Vous” (1858). This work describes in detail the reasons for the situation in which A. found herself, when her noble determination to sacrifice social decorum for the sake of love was rejected. The critic explains the reaction of society to the behavior of the heroine by the fact that it welcomes nobility in words, therefore, A. is favorably treated as long as she only talks about her beliefs and does not try to put them into practice. N.N. belongs to this environment. He is one of the "superfluous people", and the tragedy of A. is that she met just such a person. The image of A. found its embodiment on the screen in the films "Asya", filmed in 1928 and 1978. Lit .: Chernyshevsky N.G. Russian man on hep-dez-vous // Chernyshevsky N.G. Selected articles. M., 1978; Joseph L. Conrad Turgenev "s "Asja" an analysis // The Slavic and East European Journal. V.V1II. No. 4. 1964. P.391-400. E.G. Kulikova
