A worm that lives in the human body goes through a difficult path before reaching the final host. In this case, infection can be carried out by larvae and eggs, and children most often suffer from helminthiasis, due to their neglect of hygiene.

Types of worms that live in humans

1. Roundworms or nematodes (, whipworm, trichinella).

2. Flat:

• tape or cestodes (wide tapeworm, bovine and pork tapeworm);
• flukes or trematodes (cat fluke, schistosome).

Ways of infection and spread

Worms are not viviparous organisms. Their development is characterized by the following scheme: egg - larva - adult. At the same time, certain difficulties await the worms at each stage - for example, the lack of suitable conditions (temperature, humidity) or a host (intermediate, final).

Many individuals die, but a certain number of helminths still survive and find the desired target. So, round and tapeworms enter the human body in 4 ways:

1. Alimentary (contaminated water, unprocessed food, contact with pets).
2. Active (dirty hands, swimming in ponds).
3. Contact (from person to person through kisses, handshakes).
4. Transmission (through insect bites).

Most often, people become infected due to non-compliance with personal hygiene - for example, through hands smeared in the ground. The fact is that worm eggs are often present in the soil. Of course, this is not every square centimeter, but if a person puts dirty fingers in his mouth, then it is likely to get helminthiasis.

In addition, swimming in open water also poses a certain danger. Worms' eggs can float freely, waiting for the right conditions. They enter the intestines by accidental ingestion of water, but some of them also penetrate the skin, because they are very small. If there are superficial injuries (scratches, open wounds), then the likelihood of such an event increases significantly.

Helminthiasis does not appear immediately. Roundworms make themselves felt 2-3 days after infection, and the incubation period of other worms can last from 2 weeks to 1.5 years.

Such an impressive list of signs of helminthiasis sometimes confuses doctors. And in order to correctly determine the disease, it is necessary to carry out several diagnostic measures.

Diagnostics

With any suspicion of helminthiasis, feces are examined, since most worms live in the human intestine. In general, to make a diagnosis, doctors resort to the following methods:

• Fecal analysis.
• Blood test.
• Analysis of pulmonary sputum.
• X-ray examination.
• tissue biopsy.
• Intestinal endoscopy.

How to get rid of worms in the body?

If doctors have already established the presence of helminths in a patient, then they prescribe treatment with specific drugs. At the same time, preference is given to complex therapy in order to combine the properties of various drugs. For example, levamisole-based medicines (Decaris) that weaken the worms are first used, and after 2-3 days the patient is given a second anthelmintic (Vermox or Nemozol).

2. Supportive Therapy:

• sorbents (activated carbon, Enterosgel) are required to remove toxic waste products of helminths from the intestines;
• symptomatic drugs (anti-allergic, painkillers) are prescribed to eliminate concomitant signs of the disease;
• taking probiotics is necessary to restore the intestinal microflora.

Such drugs are normally tolerated by adults and children, and sometimes they are recommended for preventive purposes. However, pregnant and breastfeeding women should only be treated under medical supervision.

In addition, it is very important to exclude the possibility of re-infection. During treatment, worms and eggs will come out of the human body, so bed and underwear will have to be changed regularly. And in no case should you put your fingers in your mouth after washing your perineum!

Modern medicine offers relatively drug-free methods of therapy, for example, vibrations of living organisms.

Prevention

Of course, they can settle in the body of any person. If you do not give them the opportunity to get inside the gastrointestinal tract, then it will be possible to avoid the disease without any problems. To do this, sometimes it is enough to follow the rules of personal hygiene, but doctors give other recommendations:

• Wash hands with soap before eating and after visiting the street.
• Do not drink water from open sources.
• Thermally process meat and fish (forget about steaks with blood).
• Always wash vegetables, fruits, berries and greens before use.
• Do not eat raw and salted fish (this rule is especially relevant for river catches).
• If you swim in open water, then only in those whose purity is beyond doubt.
• Don't kiss dogs and cats (and take them to the vet regularly).
• When visiting tropical countries, pay attention to protecting the skin from the bites of blood-sucking insects.

Conclusion

Today, there are many drugs and methods for the treatment of helminthiasis, but sometimes the treatment is delayed for a long time. Be attentive to yourself and do not miss the onset of the disease - this is a sure way to quickly heal.

When I took dead land many years ago for building a house in the city and for growing vegetables in the village, I did not meet a single earthworm in this land. All subsequent years I regularly contributed, and now in the city in my soil I find four types of earthworms, and in a field that has not known a plow for many years and to which I bring 200 bags every year, there are six types of earthworms.

When we dig with a pitchfork, the grandchildren play a game of who will find more potatoes and who will find more worms. Now they find up to 20 tubers per hole and thirty earthworms of different colors.

Beginners should buy biohumus

• Only vermicompost quickly heals soils, and manure even on poor soils intensifies diseases in the early years.
• Only biohumus will properly feed the plants, and manure will increase the nutritional imbalance and cause the inhibition of soil fungi.
• Only biohumus and vermicoff quickly increase soil fertility, form soil biodiversity and increase the percentage of soil humus, improve its structure, and various just temporarily boost plant growth.

As many worms as rotting organic matter

In Australia, worms weigh a kilogram, aquarists breed small enchitraes on a rotting bun, and microscopic ones eat small roots.

Their difference is only in size and taste preferences, but the essence is the same: bacteria and fungi begin to process the organic matter that enters the soil and into the soil, then it is swallowed by worms. Worms, like the stomach of a cow, create conditions for good work for microorganisms, because in the cavity of the worm, organic matter is crushed, turned over, saturated with oxygen, moisture, amino acids and sugars from the secrets of the worm, and therefore is processed a thousand times faster.

The worm is a miniature compost heap

We need this ballast from the worm - coprolites. After all, over millions of years of evolution of worms and plants, the latter have learned to give worms litter in the form of root secretions and foliage, and they - to supply plants with coprolites, a storehouse of thousands of mineral and organic substances necessary for the plant in an accessible form.

What do creeps and plow worms eat

• There are worms living in the forest floor, they do not build holes;
• there are burrow worms: at night he grabbed a leaf and carried it into a mink;
• there are arable worms, they live deep in the black earth soil, they are not even afraid of a plow.

And what do such plowed worms eat? After all, there are no leaves in the depths. Everything is simple. From above, the cow gave manure, which is eaten by dung worms and excreted by coprolites. The grass died, the foliage fell, it is eaten by litter worms and gives coprolites. Deposits of coprolites not only of large worms, but also of small enchitreans and nematodes - this is the black earth.

It is unprofitable for a cow to absorb all the substances from the grass, it will have enough available sugars and proteins. Therefore, the remains of organic matter after the cow are eaten by dung beetles. In the same way, coprolites of dung beetles eat arable worms. They eat the soil, eat it, process it further, deeper and release their coprolites. If the minerals in the humus of the soil are difficult to reach for the roots, then after the work of plowed fields, the plants receive excellent fresh biohumus. Humus disappears, and the crop grows - the carbon cycle in nature does not stop.

How people are friends with worms

I have always been amazed by the fact that Terra Pretta was created on the shores of the Amazon. On poor clay, with constant tropical showers, organic matter did not accumulate in the soil. But for years, the Indians have brought to the beds, table scraps and palm leaves. And in this organic matter, a giant worm appeared, which grinded coal, and palm fiber, and nitrogenous organic matter of toilets, formed coprolites that were not washed away by rain. A self-healing soil community has formed. The percentage of stable humus in such soils is still breaking records.

My Californians are running wild

I don't care if they're Californian hybrids or if they're local red earthworms. He got accustomed, works - and well done. "Mice" catches. But I stopped making manure for digging, and the soil with various organic matter from above.

If I take the bags out into the garden or put them in the thickets, creeps of different colors and sizes start up in them, but there are no dung worms. I take these sacks out into the field, scatter them under potatoes and vegetables or in the garden under trees, but I understand: in every soil, not those worms that I want to breed will take root, but those that themselves want to breed in new conditions and new food. I just give them freedom of choice. And here I can add the worms I need to the compost heap:

• If I need high nitrogen compost, I add more to the pile, and food waste, sometimes compound feed, and pour out a bag of red dung worms.
• If I need high carbon organic for the garden, I add hay, straw, bedding from animals to the compost heap and pour out a bag with soil-litter and burrow worms. In both cases, compost is obtained faster and of better quality.

Worms coprolites - ideal compost

But if the worm processes organics in place, closer to the roots of the plant, then the effect is tripled: fresh coprolites for the plant are better than those created in a heap. Microorganisms from the cavity of the worm and enzymes still continue to work in them, active ones continue to form. They include not only organic fibers, but also crushed clay and silt particles. This is no longer compost, but black earth.

Worms loosen the soil

Coprolites of worms saturate the soil with humic acids, and these are the centers of soil-forming processes. It is in humates that there are active centers, minerals, cations and anions, rare, but very active microelements, cling to them. So, humates, getting into the soil, turn into very active catalysts that accelerate soil formation hundreds of times. Therefore, we see how plants come to life, watered with extracts from biohumus. And if fresh biohumus is introduced into the soil, then it will work for a long time. Both micro-organisms and enzymes will continue to convert organic matter into humus, feed plant roots, and improve soil structure.

Humus is soft and fibrous

BUT soil litter worms provide fibrous humus, its plants consume slowly, but it improves soil fertility in the long term.

But we must remember that if there is little organic matter in the soil, then the worms will not help, they themselves will feed on the remains of organic matter and quickly die. It may be difficult, but without understanding these mechanisms, it is impossible to correctly revive the dead soils.

Worms harbor beneficial fungi and bacteria

Not only beneficial fungi live in the cavity of the worm, which fight harmful bacteria, there are also beneficial bacteria - pseudomonas, which protect the worm and soil by producing natural, suppressing putrefactive fungi. Fungi and bacteria fight each other, worms use it, we should use it too.

I am a doctor and use penicillin isolated from mold to treat streptococcal infection and nystatin isolated from streptomycetes, for the treatment of fungal infections.

Vermicompost stored for a long time, perfectly nourishes plants and structures the soil, but does not have an antibiotic property, therefore only worms working near the plant are root doctors.

In the cavity of the worms there are thousands of species of microorganisms, the most important role is played by nitrogen fixers. The worm, having isolated the coprolites, has already saturated them with nitrogen salts, but the nitrogen fixers continue to work, taking nitrogen from the air and converting it into salts available to plants.

The gardener can use this knowledge: use less that kills all living things, and use worms and their products to protect plants from.

How to attract beneficial worms to your site?

So are worms! There will be a stable mulching of the garden with organic matter (the more diverse, the better), and after fungi and bacteria, new eaters of this organic matter will appear - worms of all types and sizes. They will fill all the food niches, bring useful actinomycetes and pseudomonads in their intestines and restore the fertility of your soils.

Your grandchildren will begin to find ten earthworms in each potato hole - it means that you are a reasonable gardener.

Fokine flat cutter! Dig up, weed, loosen and mow in 20 minutes Gerasimova Natalya

How to know if the worms have taken root

A week after settling in, you can evaluate the first results.

See if they populate space outside of their substrate or land. If yes, then they are used to your food.

Also be guided by the appearance of the worms. If the surface of the worms is clean, and they themselves are mobile, this is evidence of their well-being. If they are lethargic, inactive, do not try to hide from the light, these are signs of trouble.

If the worms are bad for you, do not despair. Look for a new family, maybe somewhere else, and put them back in the wormhole.

If everything is in order, the worms feel good, do not disturb them for 3-4 weeks. All you have to do at this time is periodically water the worm with warm water.

Earthworms for crops Worms live where there is food, moisture, oxygen and a favorable temperature. If it is not in one place, they go to another. On one hectare of land, there can be more than tens of millions of worms. On average, the size of the worms is 6–10 cm and weighs up to 1 g.

Earthworms Why they are useful The farmers of Ancient Egypt knew about the benefits of earthworms, Aristotle called them “the intestines of the earth.” “The plow is one of the oldest and most important inventions of man; but long before his invention the soil

The main indicator of soil fertility - earthworms More than a hundred years ago, Charles Darwin wrote:

What work do earthworms do in our areas A soft, invertebrate worm is able to break through even the hardest and driest earth. The worm tears off pieces of earth with its lips and swallows it. Swallows to the limit and crawls to the surface to throw out the passed through

Earthworms regulate soil acidity Acidity is a problem for many garden plots. Most cultivated plants cannot tolerate acidic soils, because excess acid prevents the normal absorption of a number of macro- and microelements, and vice versa,

Earthworms give the earth a unique fertilizer Passing through the earth, the earthworm fills it with coprolites. Coprolites are the excrement of the earthworm, in other words, manure. But this word, to be honest, does not fit well, because the dung of worms does not have an unpleasant

Loose soil makes humus and earthworms I will answer the first question briefly, because we have already discussed this topic: loose soil makes humus and earthworms, and when digging, on the contrary, it becomes compacted, because we break large particles into small ones, they mixed up

From the category of marine inhabitants, pollock and Pacific saury can be noted, from the meat of which

produce canned food or sell it frozen. It was observed when worms Echinorhynchus gadi can be found in saury, which were in the intestines, reaching a size of up to 35 mm in it. When processing specimens affected by this type of worms, red thin worms were found in their cavity. On sales counters you can find such common species of river and marine inhabitants as perch, pike, flounder, cod, smelt, in the cavity of which worms localized in muscle tissues were found. By their presence, they change the structures of the muscles, making the meat unfit for consumption. It has been noticed that most often a lot of worms are located in the muscles, making them flabby with a dirty tint. By definition, this red-brown, ring-shaped worm is a nematode with a body length of 1.5 cm.

It is important to remember that when eating raw fish products, you need to use for
these are those species that were grown in artificial reservoirs on an industrial scale. There, in the process of cultivation, future products are constantly monitored, and in case of detection of the danger of infection with helminthic invasions, appropriate measures are taken immediately. Fish caught in the sea must also be subjected to deep freezing. With regard to the inhabitants of wild rivers and lakes, it is better to choose finished products that have undergone strong smoking or long-term salting. You can completely cook fish dishes so that they are not dangerous to eat by boiling or frying, which lasts at least 20 to 30 minutes.

Helminthiasis is a specific group of diseases that are caused by helminths.

The negative impact of helminths on the human body

Such changes cannot pass without a trace and not affect the health of the patient:

The statistics of infection with worms is only growing every year, children are most infected. But the prevention of worms in humans should be carried out at any age.

Types of helminths

All of them can be divided, depending on the ways of infection, into three groups:

• contact helminths;
• biohelminths;
• geohelminths.

Where do worms live:

• pork and bovine tapeworms, roundworms, nematodes, hookworms, strongyloids - large intestine;
• pinworms in the colon;
• opisthorchis, clonorchis, fasciola - prefer the liver, bile and bile ducts;
• echinococci initially appear in the liver, eventually spread to the spleen, pancreas and other organs;
• larvae of the tapeworm with blood flow spread throughout the body, settle in all organs and tissues, vessels, mucous membranes.

If you have several symptoms, you should immediately consult a doctor. He will prescribe a series of tests, a complete examination and the necessary treatment.

In fact, helminth infestation can occur anywhere and anytime. They are found in water, in soil, on grass, on animal hair, in public places, on door handles and handrails in vehicles, on money and any other things.

The main ways that people become infected are:

• eating poorly cooked meat and fish;
• drinking unfiltered water;
• bathing in polluted waters;
• the use of unwashed vegetables, fruits, berries;
• ignoring hand hygiene after walking, shopping after coming home, before eating;
• small children become infected in playgrounds, playing in sandboxes and on grass cover;
• in the presence of domestic infected animals.

Prevention of helminthiasis in humans will reduce the chances of infection and help protect your health.

Everyone knows that it is better to prevent a disease than to treat it later. It is not possible to completely protect yourself from getting worms into your body, but you can greatly reduce the risk.

There is a special prevention of worms in adults and children, which will help to significantly reduce the level of infection in humans.

Non-specific measures for the prevention of helminthiasis:

• full heat treatment of meat, fish;
• washing hands before eating, after the street;
• compliance with personal hygiene;
• drinking only filtered water;
• avoid swimming in little-known and polluted water bodies;
• take care of the health of your pets;
• regularly change underwear and bed linen, give them high temperatures when washing, ironing;
• take special drugs against worms;
• periodically undergo a medical examination.

Prevention of helminthic diseases is carried out once or twice a year, in spring and autumn, when the risks of infection increase. Also, when one of the family members is infected, it is necessary to carry out prophylaxis with medicines for everyone else.

In case of primary invasion, and with a negative result, repeated measures are carried out.

In the presence of symptoms that are indicators of an already existing infection, it is worth drinking anthelmintics.

The increased risk group includes:

• children;
• those who live in the house of cats, dogs and other pets. It is necessary to carry out the prevention of helminthiases in them;
• agricultural workers;
• travelers who often visit countries of the exotic world;
• fishermen, tourists;
• children who visit health centers, camps, recreation centers.

What are the drugs for prevention?

If a person knows that he had a chance of becoming infected with worms, you should consult a doctor and get a detailed scheme for the prevention of helminthiasis from him.

If you prefer any preventive medication, you should study its contraindications. It is best to consult with a specialist.

Preparations and their description:

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