Do-it-yourself installation of the truss system instruction. How to install a gable roof truss system - step by step guide

is one of the most simple options roofs used in construction small houses. It has two inclined slopes towards the outer walls.

At the same time, pairs of rafters leaning against each other are combined with a crate. At the ends, triangular walls are formed, or in other words, tongs.

Windows, called dormer windows, in them or on the slopes of the roof provide light and ventilation of the attic.

At first glance, it seems that the device gable roof and in mounting it roof frame there is nothing complicated, but in order to reliably protect the building from any aggressive external factors, you will have to approach the work very carefully and responsibly, because the miscalculations in mounting the frame can hardly be changed later.

In this article you will learn how to make a gable roof, as well as a device gable roof.

The attic is a living space located between the roof of the house and the ceiling of the lower floor.

It allows optimal use of free space as an additional living space, but at the same time requires effective insulation and careful selection of roofing material to avoid high thermal conductivity in summer and increased noise levels during precipitation. You will see examples of attic design.

The attic has the same location, but in this case it is already non-residential. It does not require insulation and serious costs during construction. The buffer space provides ventilation and serves as a storage room.

Attic

Gable construction: mansard roof and what parts it consists of.

gable mansard roof the rafter system provides strength and reliability, which is a structure that includes a mauerlat, the rafter legs themselves, a crate, beds, puffs, racks and other elements.

roof support - Mauerlat- represents a beam or log, on which the roof frame is also attached. It plays a significant role in the whole structure, dispersing the load along the plane of the walls and not allowing the slopes to disperse under the influence of external factors.

Mauerlat can be mounted in three ways: using steel wire, anchors or studs. How to make an attic with a gable roof:

rafter legs — these are the components of the roof, which at one end abut against the wall of the house, and at the other at an angle they are closed with opposite rafter legs. They form the basis of the frame and the support of the future roof.

To effectively protect the building from any weather conditions, the quality of the material from which they are made is very important.

ATTENTION!

When installing the structure, monitor the quality of the material and be sure to treat the wood with insecticidal and protective solutions. Remember that a small number of beetle larvae eating a tree can destroy the structure within a few years.

The bed is a bar, located in a horizontal position on the supporting walls inside the building. All the pressure of the racks of the rafter system falls on it, which he, in turn, sends to the supporting wall.

When installing the bed, a beam with a section from 100x100 to 150x150 mm is used.

Before fixing the bed, it is important to establish the position of the midline on which the bed will be located.
Measurements must be made relative to the Mauerlat, because with its help perimeter errors were corrected. From the side and gable Mauerlats, it is necessary to measure the distance determined by the project.

Under the bar it is worth doing a double .

The installation of the bed is carried out by attaching it to the inner walls using brackets or wire twists, which can be pre-laid during the construction of the house or fastened with anchors.

If the walls of the house are foam concrete or built from other lightweight materials, before installing the bed, it is worth making an armored belt and releasing anchor fasteners, with the help of which it will be installed. In the case of installation of brick columns under the bed, it is also attached to the internal supporting walls.

Mauerlat

Gable construction plan

Tilt angle

The choice of roof depends on a number of factors, such as the area in which you live and the characteristics of natural precipitation.

So, for example, the wind has a strong influence on the rafter system and the roofing of the roof, and a slight increase in its angle of inclination at times will aggravate the wind load. But a small angle is also unsafe - in this case, it will be easy for the wind to tear off the roof.

Snow, in turn, exerts an intense load on the roof , when the angle of its slope is 30C, and at an angle of inclination of 45C, the load can be completely avoided, since precipitation rolls off the roof.

Obviously, for regions with strong wind activity, a roof with a slope of 30C is suitable, and for regions with heavy snowfall, the optimal slope is 45C.

The slope angle also depends on the material from which the roof will be made. According to building codes, each roofing material assumes its own minimum slope angle. For example, for this indicator is 30C, and for tiles 22C.

In principle, the optimal angle of the roof slope can be calculated by the ratio of the size of the ridge to half the width of the building and multiply everything by a hundred.

Puff installation rules

Puffs - fastening composite structures, connecting the rafter legs from below, forming a triangle and not allowing them to disperse. They can be made from bonded boards or square timber, which should be cut to an acceptable length and connected with nails and studs to the rafters.

Installation of puffs

The distance between the puffs should be equal to the distance between the rafter legs that they connect.
In order to prevent deflection under the weight of its weight in the puff, it must be connected to the roof ridge, the junction of two slopes.

Rules for mounting racks

Racks are made of square timber and are located vertically under the ridge, transferring the load from it to the support inner wall. Leaning on the beds, they serve to fasten the run, a horizontal bar that provides auxiliary support for the rafters.

Before installing the rack, it should be marked out for the subsequent fastening of girders, crossbars and other elements of the truss system.

When mounting racks, it is imperative to achieve a snug fit of the edges of the articulated elements. The gaps at the joints should not be more than 1 mm. Through holes are not allowed.

Racks are mounted on dry and antiseptic treated planes of supporting structures. If beams are supported on the post, it is necessary that the load on the posts is carried out along the grain of the wood, and on the beams it goes across.

Mounting racks

Do-it-yourself gable roof: step-by-step installation

In preparation for the construction of a gable roof with your own hands, you should decide will it be residential or non-residential, take into account the climatic and wind load of the area and develop a plan, taking into account the dimensions of the house.

And now we will tell you how to make a gable roof with your own hands:

• The first stage is marked by the installation on the longitudinal walls of the roof support structure - Mauerlat. It takes on the entire load of the truss structure and disperses it along the walls and foundation. Mauerlat for a gable roof is prepared from a bar or log with a section of 50 × 150 - 150 × 150 mm, previously treated with insecticidal and protective preparations that resist fire and decay.
• If a bed is used during construction, then the next step is the stage of its laying.
• Then you can start installing racks and running. Depending on your project, it may contain one ridge run or have additional side runs. Or it can be without them, but with racks supporting the rafter legs. To facilitate the work, it is desirable to build scaffolding. Racks must be prepared the same length, but if the heights of the walls of your house are not the same everywhere, then they will have to be cut out different in order to lay the ridge run in a horizontal position. In this case, the length of the racks must be measured along a rope stretched horizontally between the two extreme points.
• When mounting racks, it is necessary to check the vertical position of the structure in two planes and pre-attach the racks with boards to the constructed scaffolding. Then you can attach runs to the racks. Next, after making sure that the racks and the run are in the correct position, fix the nodes according to the project.
• Then you can proceed to the installation of rafter legs. If as a result preparatory work the output turned out to be a flat horizontal surface, one marked rafter leg is enough for you. In another case, if there are inconsistencies, you will have to mark each by pulling the rope between the two extreme rafter legs and cut out each intermediate rafter separately.
• Reiki equal to the length between the side planes of the rafter legs are made to withstand the required step. In other words, from the length of the step declared in the project, it is necessary to subtract the thickness of the rafter legs. Before fixing the rafters, which go end-to-end with the slats, the structure is carefully checked and only then fixed. Next, fillies are installed - boards that lengthen the rafter legs in order to equip the cornice overhang.

Do-it-yourself gable roof (drawings and photos below):

Do-it-yourself gable roof step by step: photo scheme

Gable roof construction with attic

Roof installation

The choice of roofing material

Roof tiles and slates are ideal for roof pitches over 20°C. Roofs with a smaller slope will trap moisture in the gaps, which will spoil the coating. durable and easy to repair.

Slate is also a reliable material. It is moisture resistant, frost-resistant and fireproof. In addition, it is quite inexpensive and easy to install.

Roll materials are used for flat roofs or with an angle of inclination not higher than 30C, otherwise the material may slip under the influence of external factors.

Metal profiles and tiles are more often used on roofs with a slope of more than 10C. This is a fairly durable and lightweight material, but when using them on a flat surface, it is necessary to treat the joints with high-quality sealant. The greater the angle of inclination, the less the overlap of the metal profile sheets and should be. The same can be said for slate.

CAREFULLY!

The smaller the slope of the roof, the denser the roofing material should be chosen.

Another option is roof panels. already containing heat and vapor barrier. Their installation is simple, but they are very expensive.

Also, when installing a gable roof, it is important to ensure ventilation of the room below. And for pitched roofs a drainage system is required.

How to make a gable roof at home and from what materials depends on you. In conclusion, it is worth noting that work should be approached competently and we build a gable roof only with quality material . Then the roof will be durable, reliable and resistant.

Comparative characteristics of roofing materials

Useful video

In this video you will learn how to build a gable roof:

In contact with

Rafters serve as the basis of the entire roof structure, and their installation is one of the most important tasks in building a house. The frame of the future roof can be made and installed independently, observing technological features roofs of different configurations. We will give the basic rules for the development, calculation and selection of the truss system, and also describe in stages the process of installing the "skeleton" of the roof.

Rafter system: rules for calculation and development

truss system - Basic structure, capable of resisting gusts of wind, taking on all external loads and evenly distributing them to the internal supports of the house.

When calculating the rafter structure, the following factors are taken into account:

1. Roof pitch:
   • 2.5-10% - flat roof;
   • more than 10% - pitched roof.
2. Roof loads:
   • constants - the total weight of all elements " roofing cake»;
   • temporary - wind pressure, snow weight, weight of people who carry out repair work on the roof;
   • force majeure, for example, seismic.

The magnitude of snow loads is calculated based on the characteristics of the climate of the region according to the formula: S=Sg*m, Where Sg- snow weight per 1 m2, m- calculation coefficient (depends on the slope of the roof). The determination of the wind load is based on the following indicators: type of terrain, wind load standards of the region, building height.

Coefficients, necessary standards and calculation formulas are contained in engineering and construction reference books

When developing a rafter system, it is necessary to calculate the parameters of all components of the structure.

Roof structure elements

The truss system includes many components that perform a specific function:

Materials for the manufacture of rafters

Rafters are most often made from coniferous trees (spruce, larch or pine). For the arrangement of the roof, well-dried wood with a moisture level of up to 25% is used.

The wooden structure has one significant drawback - over time, the rafters can be deformed, so metal elements are added to the supporting system.

On the one hand, the metal adds rigidity to the truss structure, but on the other hand, it reduces the life of the wooden parts. Condensation settles on metal platforms and supports, which leads to decay and damage to the wood.

Advice. When installing a truss system made of metal and wood, care must be taken that the materials do not come into contact with each other. You can use moisture barriers or apply film insulation

In industrial construction, metal rafters made of rolled steel (I-beam, brand, corners, channel, etc.) are used. This design is more compact than wood, but retains heat worse, and therefore requires additional thermal insulation.

The choice of truss system: hanging and hinged structures

There are two types of roof structures: hanging (spacer) and layered. The choice of system is determined by the type of roof, floor material and natural conditions of the region.

hanging rafters rely solely on the outer walls of the house, intermediate supports are not involved. Hanging type rafter legs perform work on compression and bending. The design creates a horizontal bursting force that is transmitted to the walls. With the help of wooden and metal puffs, this load can be reduced. Puffs are mounted at the base of the rafters.

A hanging rafter system is often used to create an attic or in situations where roof spans are 8-12 m, and additional supports are not provided.

Rafters mounted in houses with an intermediate column support or an additional load-bearing wall. The lower edges of the rafters are fixed on the outer walls, and their middle parts are fixed on the inner wall or bearing pillar.

Installation of a single roofing system over several spans should include spacer and layered roof trusses. In places with intermediate supports, layered rafters are mounted, and where they are not, hanging ones.

Features of the arrangement of rafters on different roofs

Gable roof

The gable roof, according to building codes, has an angle of inclination up to 90 °. The choice of slope is largely determined by the weather conditions of the area. In areas where heavy rainfall prevails, it is better to install steep slopes, and where strong winds prevail - gentle roofs in order to minimize pressure on the structure.

A common version of a gable roof is a design with an angle of inclination of 35-45 °. Experts call such parameters the “golden mean” of consumption. building materials and load distribution along the perimeter of the building. However, in this case, the attic space will be cold and it will not be possible to equip the living room here.

For a gable roof, a layered and hanging truss system is used.

hipped roof

All roof slopes have the same area and the same angle of inclination. There is no ridge run here, and the rafters are connected at one point, so the installation of such a structure is quite complicated.

It is advisable to install a hipped roof when two conditions are met:

• the base of the building is square;
• in the center of the structure there is a bearing support or wall on which it will be possible to fix a rack supporting the junction of the rafter legs.

Create hipped roof it is possible without a rack, but at the same time, the design must be strengthened with additional modules - racks with puffs.

hip roof

The traditional design of the hip roof assumes the presence of slanting rafters (diagonal) directed to the corners of the building. The angle of inclination of the slope of such a roof does not exceed 40 °. Diagonal runs are usually done with reinforcement, since they account for a significant part of the load. Such elements are made from a double board and a durable beam.

The joints of the elements are necessarily supported by a rack, which increases the reliability of the structure. The support is located at a distance of ¼ of the length of the large rafters from the ridge. In place of the gable roof gables, shortened rafters are installed.

truss construction hipped roof may include very long diagonal elements (more than 7 m). In this case, a vertical rack must be mounted under the rafters, which will rest on the floor beam. Sprengel can be used as a support - the beam is located in the corner of the roof and is fixed on adjacent walls. The sprengel farm is reinforced with struts.

broken roof

Sloping roofs are usually created to equip a larger attic. The installation of rafters with this version of the roof can be divided into three stages:

1. Installation of a U-shaped structure - supports for purlins that hold the rafter legs. The base of the structure is floor beams.
2. At least 3 runs are installed: two elements pass through the corners of the U-shaped frame, and one (ridge run) is mounted in the center of the attic floor.
3. Installation of rafter legs.

Gable roof: do-it-yourself installation of rafters

Calculation of the angle of inclination and loads

Of course, the calculation of a gable roof can be done independently, but it is still better to entrust it to professionals in order to eliminate errors and be sure of the reliability of the structure.

When choosing the angle of inclination, it is necessary to take into account that:

• an angle of 5-15 ° is not suitable for all roofing materials, so first choose the type of coating, and then make the calculation of the truss system;
• at an angle of inclination over 45 ° - material costs for the purchase of the components of the "roofing pie" increase.

Snow load limits range from 80 to 320 kg/m2. The design coefficient for roofs with a slope of less than 25° is 1, for a roof with a slope of 25° to 60° - 0.7. This means that if 140 kg of snow cover falls on 1 m2, then the load on the roof with a slope at an angle of 40 ° will be: 140 * 0.7 = 98 kg / m2.

To calculate the wind load, the coefficient of aerodynamic influence and wind pressure fluctuations are taken. The value of the constant load is determined by summing the weight of all components of the "roofing cake" per m2 (on average - 40-50 kg/m2).

Based on the results obtained, we find out the total load on the roof and determine the number of rafter legs, their size and cross section.

Installation of Mauerlat and rafters

Do-it-yourself installation of rafters begins with the installation of a Mauerlat, which is fixed with anchor bolts to the longitudinal walls.

Further construction of the structure is carried out in the following sequence:

Installation of rafters: video

Ways to connect the elements of the truss structure: video

To install a gable roof yourself, average carpentry skills and an understanding of its manufacturing technology are enough. All this is easy to understand. It is also necessary to involve an intelligent assistant in the process, because many operations cannot be performed by one person alone. Therefore, many without a doubt take up this work and successfully cope with it.

Do-it-yourself gable roof device

building country house is associated with significant costs. Therefore, many people are looking for options to reduce the cost of this process by using modern materials and technologies. Currently, frame buildings with gable roofs have become very popular. This happens largely for the reason that even a person with minimal knowledge of the construction business, with appropriate preliminary preparation, can carry out such a design.

A gable roof is formed by triangular trusses connected to each other by a longitudinal upper beam (ridge run) and a crate

However, the construction of the roof is a crucial moment that requires serious attitude. Need to calculate:

• correct angle of inclination;
• rafter length;
• the distance between them;
• ways to connect different parts to each other.

Without experience in the production of such work, you should not take on complex structures, but it is quite possible to build a small house with a simple gable roof with your own hands.

Design features of gable roofs

Such a roof consists of two inclined planes located at a certain angle. Gables are arranged along the end walls, which are a vertical continuation of the walls. In shape, they are isosceles or arbitrary triangles, if the slopes are arranged at different angles to the horizontal. In the case of a gable device broken roof, the pediments are in the form of trapezoids.

When building a roof, a rafter system is created, which is the supporting element of the roofing pie. The rafter system can be made in the form of hanging rafters if there are no capital partitions inside the building box. If available, a floor frame is arranged when the span is supported by three or more points.

Depending on the configuration of the building, a gable roof can be built according to different schemes.

How to make a gable roof yourself

Depending on the design of the truss system, its main elements may be different, but the main details are present in all options:

1. Rafters are the main load-bearing element of the structure, on which roofing material is mounted through the crate.
2. The ridge run - also called the spinal beam, combines all the rafter legs into a single whole, evenly distributes the load on the Mauerlat.
3. Rack - used in floor structures as an additional support on a major internal partition.
4. Lying - a horizontal bar on which the racks rest, serves to evenly distribute the loads on the Mauerlat.
5. Mauerlat - a support beam between the walls and the upper structure of the building, intended for attaching rafters.
6. Sheathing - flooring from a board 25 millimeters thick for fixing the roof finish.

Regardless of the type of truss system, there are always several basic elements in it.

Roof design

In the process of designing the truss system, it is necessary to optimally place all the elements of the frame in order to ensure a uniform load on the roof over its entire area. The main types of load are:

1. Snowy - occurs under the action of a layer of snow lingering on the roof. At high rates for the construction region, the angle of inclination of the roof is increased so that the snow comes off it as it accumulates.
2. Wind - associated with the force of the impact of the wind. In open, blown places, it is higher. The means of counteracting wind loads is to reduce the angle of inclination of the roof.

Thus, it is necessary to find best option combinations of these indicators with simultaneous exposure to wind and snow. Data on specific loads for the construction region can be found on the Internet.

Gable roofs with a simple design give the house an elegant and festive look.

Photo gallery: projects of houses with gable roofs

The gable roof allows you to arrange a small attic room on the second floor. The slope angle of the gable roof is selected based on the intensity of the winds and the average snow load in the construction area. overall design buildings Roof slope angles do not have to be the same

Calculation of the parameters of a gable roof

Determination of the main characteristics of the roof is necessary already at the stage of designing the foundation to calculate the effect of the total weight of the building on the support base.

Area calculation

With a symmetrical gable roof, it is enough to determine the area of ​​​​one slope and double the result.

The height of the roof depends on the chosen angle of inclination of the slope. Usually it is in the range of 30-45 degrees. In the first case, the height will be half the distance from the projection of the ridge to the Mauerlat axis. Using the Pythagorean theorem and after doing the calculations, we get that the length of the slope for a building of 10x9 m will be 5.05 meters. The slope area is defined as 5.05 x 10 = 50.5 square meters. And the total roof area will be 50.5 x 2 \u003d 101 m 2.

In cases where a gable roof has a non-equilibrium roof, i.e., the axis of the ridge is offset from the axis of the building, the area of ​​\u200b\u200beach slope separately is calculated using the same method and the results are summarized.

However, this calculation does not take into account the area of ​​the roof overhangs. Usually they are 0.5–0.6 meters. For one slope, the overhang area will be 0.5 x 5.05 x 2 + 0.5 x 10 \u003d 4.1 + 5 \u003d 9.1 m 2.

The total roof area will be 101 + 9.1 x 2 = 119.2 m 2.

Most rafter calculations are done according to the Pythagorean theorem, reducing the design to a set of rigid figures - triangles

Calculation of the section of the rafters

The size of the cross section of the rafters depends on several factors:

• the magnitude of the load on them;
• the type of materials used for rafters: log, timber - homogeneous or glued;
• rafter leg length;
• types of wood;
• the distance between the axes of the rafter legs.

All these parameters have long been calculated, and to determine the cross section of the rafter legs, you can use the data below.

Table: rafter section size

With an increase in the installation step of the rafters, the load on each of them increases, which leads to the need to increase the cross section.

Common sizes of the main parts of the truss system:

Determining the angle of inclination

The angle of inclination of the roof slope is determined by the requirements of its finishing coating:

One of the reasons for reducing the angle of inclination is the desire to make the attic or attic space as large as possible. This intention is also the reason for the installation of a sloping roof.

Calculation of the distance between the rafters

This parameter depends on the type of finish coating, or rather, its weight. For the heaviest material, the distance should be minimal, from 80 centimeters. In case of application soft roof, having a small weight, the distance can be increased to 150 centimeters. The calculation of the number of rafters and translations is carried out as follows:

1. The length of the building (10 meters) must be divided by the distance between the rafters, presumably 120 centimeters: 1000 / 120 = 8.3 (pieces). We add 1 to the result, we get 9.3.
2. Since the number of rafters cannot be fractional, the result is rounded up to an integer - 9.
3. The distance between the rafters is finally set: 1000/9 = 111 centimeters.

With this distance, all rafters will be equidistant, and the load from the roof will be distributed evenly.

The length of the rafters is calculated according to the Pythagorean theorem, as already shown above.

Do-it-yourself installation of a gable roof

Work on the installation of the truss system begins with the installation of the Mauerlat.

Mounting the carrier on the wall

Mauerlat is made from high strength wood - oak, larch, etc. In the absence of such materials, pine can be used.

The bar is of standard length - 4 or 6 meters. Therefore, the connection of several parts along the length is inevitable. It is made with a gash of the connected ends “half a tree”, for example, for a bar with a section of 150x150 millimeters, a sample of 75x150 with a length of 300 mm is made. The ends are overlapped. Fastening is carried out with two or four M12 or M14 screws with washers large diameter. By the same principle, the bars are connected at the corners. The finished structure is a regular rectangle, which is installed on the upper plane of the wall around the perimeter.

Two beams are spliced ​​by sampling wood on each of them. Then they are bolted together.

The Mauerlat installation technology provides for its placement strictly along the axis of the wall or with an offset in any direction. In this case, you can not place the support beam closer than 5 centimeters from the edge. To increase the service life, the Mauerlat should be installed with waterproofing on the wall surface. Most often, ruberoid is used for this.

Methods for attaching the Mauerlat to the wall

1. Anchor bolt installation. Perfect option with monolithic walls. Threaded studs are immured into the wall when it is cast.
2. Wood dowels. They are hammered into the drilled hole. With such fixation, additional metal fasteners are used.
3. Forged staples. They are used with pre-installed embedded parts made of wood.
4. Stud or armature. The pins are immured during the laying of the wall and are removed through the support beam along drilled holes. The diameter of the fasteners should be 12–14 millimeters, the protrusion above the surface of the timber should be 10–14 centimeters.
5. Steel wire. A bundle of two or four wire strands is installed when laying the wall 2–3 rows before its completion. The Mauerlat is tightened using a crowbar. Often used as an additional fastening of the support beam.
6. When constructing a reinforcing belt, fastening to studs or anchor bolts is also used.

The mounting points should be located approximately in the middle between the rafter legs.

Video: installing a Mauerlat on an armored belt

Photo gallery: ways to mount the Mauerlat on the wall

The studs are immured into the wall during its pouring, then a Mauerlat is put on them and fixed with bolts. The wire is also installed at the stage of laying the wall. staples

Types of roof systems and their installation

The choice of roof truss design is determined by the configuration of the building. If there are no internal capital partitions, a hanging truss system is constructed.

In the presence of capital partitions, it is necessary to use a floor mounting scheme.

Manufacturing of truss pairs

This is the name of a pair of rafter legs connected in an arch with the installation of a spacer element in the form of a puff for a hinged system or a crossbar for a flooring system.

Installation of truss pairs is carried out in three ways:

1. Assembly is done at the top after the translations are installed. They are covered with a flooring made of wood, nailed.
2. The formation of truss pairs is performed on the ground in the immediate vicinity of the house. Only blanks are assembled, which are a rigid triangular structure. The lifting of products is carried out when the rafter pairs for the entire system are ready. For this, it is possible to use lifting devices in the form of a manual or powered winch, which presents certain inconveniences and additional costs. On the other hand, assembly on the ground is much easier and more accurate.
3. The assembly of the roof directly at the installation site is carried out in detail.

With any option, the rafter legs are mounted according to the template, which is the first truss. For higher assembly accuracy of the parts of the next pair, it is desirable to fix them to the previous one with clamps.

When assembling roof systems on the ground, all structures are made according to the template, which is the first manufactured truss. This makes installation more accurate.

The procedure for installing the truss system

Prefabricated roof elements are installed in the following sequence:

1. First of all, you need to install the front rafter pairs and fix them with temporary fasteners. The most important point is the verticality, which is checked by a plumb line. This installation order is possible when all rafter pairs are at the top.

   Frontal roof structures installed first

2. Between opposite frontal structures, a construction cord must be pulled in order to control the coincidence of the supporting surfaces of subsequent rafter pairs.
3. Next, the trusses are installed one by one on each side. Each arch is carefully installed in its place, its location in space is verified in all planes, and then regular connections are mounted with the previous rafter pair.

   Intermediate trusses are mounted one on each side and are connected by standard jumpers to previously installed structures

4. After installing the last arch in the middle of the roof, you need to establish all the connections for the project and attach the ridge beam.
5. It is recommended to connect parts using metal plates - flat and in the form of corners. The most loaded nodes are best connected with bolts, the rest - with self-tapping screws. Nails are used only for initial fixation during installation.

   Rafter legs are attached to each other and to the Mauerlat using metal corners

Fastening parts of the truss system

For reliable connection of elements roof frame various auxiliary elements are used, made of galvanized steel up to 1.5 mm thick.

The use of additional fasteners ensures a solid assembly of the truss system

When assembling with the use of additional connectors, labor productivity increases and strength characteristics buildings.

To connect the elements of the roof of wooden buildings, special fasteners are used. So, the upper joint of the rafters is often connected using a hinge. This is due to the frequent movements of the building, including seasonal ones.

The swivel joint avoids high stresses at the junction of the rafters during seasonal movements of the log house

For the same purpose, sliding fasteners are used on houses made of this material.

Reliable sliding connection of rafters with Mauerlat relieves this node from stress during structural deformations

Video: quick rafters

Before installing the crate, the roof is insulated. For this:

1. The inner crate is stuffed from the side of the attic or attic.
2. The vapor barrier film is stretched.
3. The heater is installed.
4. A moisture-proof film or membrane with one-sided permeability is laid.

Thus, in addition to warming, it creates ventilation system roof space. It starts to work after the installation of the coating.

It is more convenient to lay a layer of insulation from the outside on the inner crate with a vapor barrier coating

Under certain conditions, roof insulation can be done from the inside, it is not so convenient, but you can safely work in all weather conditions. The formation of the roofing cake is carried out in the reverse order. Each layer of insulation as the flooring needs to be strengthened in the openings between the rafters.

Creating a frame gable

Before proceeding with the design of the pediment, you need to arrange the crate and lay the finish coating of the roof.

When forming the crate, the type of future roofing is taken into account. It is made from edged boards with a thickness of 25 millimeters. The crate happens:

1. Solid - boards are stuffed at a distance of 2-4 centimeters from one another. It is applied when using a tile or a soft roof.
2. Sparse - the distance between the boards is 15–25 centimeters. Such a crate is arranged under a metal tile, corrugated board, slate and other similar materials.
3. Rare - the distance between the boards is from 0.6 to 1.2 meters. It is used when the length of the coating sheets is equal to the length of the slope with an overhang. This cover is only made to order.

The crate should be taken out of the gable rafters for the overhang device.

On the front rafter trusses, a frame is mounted for fastening the material of the front finish

Roofing installation

Before laying the crate, the roof is insulated and a moisture-proof layer is laid. Further:

1. Roof covering is being laid. The installation sequence is from bottom to top in order. The straightness of the first row is controlled by a stretched cord.
2. Roofing sheets are fastened with self-tapping screws using shock-absorbing pads.

When installing the finishing coating of the roof, you cannot save on fasteners; the protective layer must be durable, able to withstand wind and snow loads.

Sheets of metal tiles are laid from the bottom up, starting from the corner of the roof

Installation of gables

The crate of the frame gables is made based on the characteristics of the material intended for the front finish. For this, the following products can be used:

After installing the crate, it is necessary to lay a moisture protection from a polyethylene film 200 microns thick. It can be fixed with building brackets. This work is done outside. On the film, you can sheathe the outer surface with the selected finishing material.

Gables need to be insulated with rolled or tiled heaters. The thickness of the protective layer should be at least 10 cm, and for areas with a cold climate - at least 15 cm. An internal moisture-proof film layer is stretched over the insulation.

On top of it, a crate for the front finish is stuffed, for which bars measuring 50x50 millimeters are used. Finishing of the entire building is carried out simultaneously, after the insulation of the roof.

In the process of facing the pediment, windows are installed if they are provided for by the project, and in some cases doors.

Gable wooden house with a gable roof is most often finished with clapboard

Registration of overhangs

Roof overhangs, both gable and cornice, except for a purely decorative function, are designed to protect walls and foundations from water or snow. Their sizes are usually 50-60 centimeters. Overhangs are made with various materials:

• planed board, installed end-to-end or overlapped;
• grooved lining;
• lining block house;
• sheet plastic;
• sheet profiled or smooth metal;
• finished products made of metal or plastic - soffits.

There are several ways to arrange overhangs:

1. By the rafter. In this case, the filing of the space under the roof on the overhang is carried out with fastening directly to the ledges of the beams.

   Hemming along the rafters is made along the lower edge of the rafter leg

2. On the rafters inside. Planks are attached to the rafter leg, to which the board is hemmed. The lower part of the rafter remains open, and the opening under the roof is closed.

   When filing along the rafters from the inside, the rafter beams remain open

3. In a box For this method, a bar is installed perpendicular to the wall from the end of the rafter. The second bar is installed on the wall and attached to the rafters. Sometimes a jib is installed between them. Hemming is done to these slats.

   For filing with a box, it is necessary to make a frame from mutually perpendicular bars

Ventilation holes must be made along the lining. They can be of any size, but large ones must be covered with a fine mesh of any material. This avoids the penetration of birds and harmful insects into the under-roof space. Soffits are sold with ready-made ventilation grilles.

Ventilation is arranged only on cornice overhangs; it is not needed for gable ledges.

When finishing with soffits, the ventilation holes do not need to be drilled - they are already made at the factory

Video: do-it-yourself gable roof device

With the modern abundance of building materials and their quality, you can install a gable roof yourself. The cost savings will be quite significant. But it can also turn into losses if you do not carefully consider every step you take during construction. I wish you success!

The roof is a complex and important architectural element of any building. Its construction should be treated with special attention, it must be remembered that the installation of the truss system requires considerable experience in performing such work and a special tool. You should not take on the creation of a roof for those who hold a carpentry and measuring tool in their hands for the first time - the results of the activity can be very negative.

There are two types of roofs depending on the number and placement of rafter support points, but each developer can, at his own discretion, slightly change the specific design of the truss system. This takes into account the operating conditions of the building, the purpose of the attic space, the climatic zone of the location, technical specifications lumber and roofing. Of course, the appearance of the truss system is influenced personal experience and developer preferences.

Before proceeding with the manufacture of rafters, you should decide on their type, method of attachment and linear dimensions. Only in this case, you can be sure of the strength and safety of the structure.

How do various factors affect the parameters of the rafters?

This knowledge will help you make the right decisions both during the manufacture of rafters and during their fixation directly in place. Mistakes in the construction of the truss system are too expensive, you should not show excessive self-confidence.

What influences the choicesizes andwaysmountsrafter

Very important point. The task of any fixation is to ensure the stability of the connection node, while it can be fixed or have one or more degrees of freedom. This cannot be achieved without knowledge of the loads affecting the rafter legs. Loads can be permanent and temporary, dynamic and static, unidirectional and multidirectional.

1. Constant vertical forces. Arise due to the impact of roofing and roof insulation materials. Due to the fact that the rafter legs are located at an angle to the vertical force, they are subject to bending and bursting loads. The magnitude of the forces is determined after the construction of the diagram, on the basis of specific bending and bursting forces, the thickness and width of the boards for the rafters are selected. Fasteners must prevent the spreading of the truss system.
2. Variable vertical forces. Appear in winter, the value depends on the height of the snow cover.
3. Lifting wind forces. As a result of gusts of wind, lifting forces act on the roof. They do not affect the dimensions of the rafter legs, efforts are taken into account only when choosing the type of fixation, it must provide for and hold such loads.
4. Lateral efforts. The value depends on the windage of the roof. As a result of gusts of wind, lateral forces act on the truss system. They increase bending and tearing loads. This feature must also be taken into account during the manufacture and installation of rafter legs.

There are options for rigid fastenings of truss trusses; for this, metal plates, corners, self-tapping screws and nails are used.

Sometimes it is necessary to use floating rafter connections to compensate for dimensional changes. wooden houses. For floating connections, special fasteners and bolts are used. The second allows the rafter legs at the top to turn a little.

Another example of a free rafter connection is a sliding one. It is used on wooden log cabins and makes it possible to compensate for the natural shrinkage of the house.

What elements are used to increase the stability and bearing capacity of the rafters

As a result right choice rafter system and methods of fixing its elements, the structure must be stable, compensate for natural fluctuations in linear parameters and withstand various loads that occur during operation. To fulfill the conditions during the fixation of the rafters, additional fixation elements can be used.

Runs

Most often they are mounted in the ridge part of the system, the upper ends of the rafter legs rest on them. To increase stability, cuts may be provided. The top connection is rigid or floating on bolts. On large roofs, girders can be installed in the middle of the rafter legs or in other places with critical loads.

vertikAflax racks

They are installed to reinforce the rafters; due to the use of racks, elements can be made from thinner lumber. Vertical racks with their upper end abut against the rafters, and with the lower end against the bed or ceiling beams overlap.

cornerOpores

Hold bending and expansion forces, universal use. Corner stops can be placed in any places of the rafter leg that cause concerns about strength. Due to such stops, the resistance of the rafters to bending and tearing forces is significantly increased.

Puffs(crossbars)

Purpose - to keep the rafter legs from sprawling, they are used on hanging rafter systems. Most often they are placed in the upper part of the truss; boards with a thickness of about 20–25 mm can be used for manufacturing. The fact is that they work in tension, lumber holds such efforts well. Boards do not work well in compression, quickly bend and lose their original strength indicators.

Knuckleadki

They are used in the upper ridge part of the rafters, due to the use of puffs, the strength of the knot connection increases. Puffs can be made of wood, plywood, OSB or metal.

Bosses(stops)

They have many specific names. They are ordinary pieces of boards 30–40 cm long and 40–50 mm thick, fixed at the bottom of the rafters. They rest against the Mauerlat and do not allow the structure to slip. The use of bosses allows you to perform a rigid connection of elements without sawing the rafters. We talked about the problems that arise in connection with sawing in this article above.

Prices for various types of timber

Options for connecting the ridge knot of the rafter legs

The horse is one of the main and most loaded elements of the truss system. The node has several connection options, you should choose a specific one depending on the general parameters of the roof.

With a large length of slopes, it is better not to use a ridge beam, but instead to put two parallel runs and puff crossbars. This design is easier to do, it is more stable and safe.

For a hanging roof, you should choose the most reliable ways to connect the rafter legs, these systems have a minimum number of additional stops.

Prices for various types of fasteners for rafters

Fasteners for rafters

step by stepWithTruction of the mouthAnew rafters

For rafter legs, coniferous boards 50 × 200 mm, first-class lumber, are used. The boards must not have traces of rot or fungus, significant malformations and deep cracks. It is strictly forbidden to use low-quality lumber for the manufacture of the truss system.

To increase the protection of roof elements from decay, it is recommended to use fire protection.

Rafter blanks should be impregnated at least twice, while the material must be dry and clean. Processing is done on a flat area in dry and clear weather.

It can be impregnated with a roller, brush or air gun. It is not recommended to use household hand sprayers - too long and hard. Boards can be lifted up after complete drying of the impregnation.

Our gable roof has a ridge run, vertical supports rest against a bed located on a load-bearing wall in the middle of the building.

Practical advice. If the house is quite high and the boards are heavy, then it is recommended to make an elementary device to protect window openings from damage. To do this, two boards are knocked down in the form of a square, the length and width are selected taking into account the parameters of the opening. The device is installed on the windowsill, and the rafter boards do not damage the foam blocks during lifting.

Prices for fire-retardant impregnations

Preparatory operations

The manufacture of rafters begins with preparatory operations.

Step 1. Raise the rafter boards into the attic. For convenience, place them evenly along the length of the building, put one end on the Mauerlat, and the other on the run bed. First you need to install the extreme rafters on both sides of the roof of the house, pull a thread between them and install and align all the remaining ones along it.

Step 2 Check again the position of the ridge run. It should be located exactly in the middle of the roof. Its displacement by 1–2 centimeters will not affect the strength of the roof as a whole, but it will somewhat complicate the manufacture of rafters and the laying of roofing materials. In addition, an experienced builder may notice a mismatch in the size of the slopes and, accordingly, the asymmetry of the roof. It is recommended to achieve a situation so that the ridge run is located along the line of symmetry, if this is not associated with great difficulties. The final decision is made by the foreman on site and depends on the magnitude of the offset and the amount of work to correct the error.

How to straighten a run?

1. Attach a batten board to the Mauerlat, it is lighter, easier to lift and fix. The second end should lie on the run. The board is nailed to the Mauerlat with an ordinary smooth nail or screwed with a self-tapping screw.
2. Climb to the top of the run and use a tape measure to check the distance from the edge of the run to the Mauerlats installed on opposite walls. Work very carefully, it is advisable to use insurance. Unfortunately, in practice, few people follow the safety rules, but in vain. Falls from height can cause very serious injury.
3. Align the purlin to the center and secure the board. To increase rigidity, fix the same board on the other side of the run.

Now everything is ready, you can proceed to the manufacture and installation of rafters.

Installationrafter legs

If you work alone, then you need to fasten a piece of rail to the run at the place where the first rafter is fixed. A rafter board will be temporarily fixed to it to prevent it from slipping down.

And at this time, you can perform work on the manufacture and preparation for connecting the upper part of the rafters.

Step 1. Lift and install the rafter board in place, clamp it to the previously fixed rail with a clamp.

Step 2 Draw lines to cut out the thrust pad. This is done in two stages. First, draw a horizontal line. To do this, press the rail, square or other even object firmly against the horizontal surface of the run.

Second, draw a vertical line. Now the ruler or square should be pressed against the side surface of the run.

Important. The width of the ruler should be no more than 2-3 cm, it is not necessary to make deep cuts and significantly reduce the width of the rafter leg, it loses its maximum design strength.

Make the same markup at the bottom of the rafter. Only now the ruler needs to be pressed against the Mauerlat surfaces.

Step 3 Remove the board and carefully cut out the seats. You can work with a hacksaw or an electric circular hand saw.

Practical advice. If the cuts are made with an electric circular saw, then it is better to cut in two steps. First cut to the mark, then turn the board over and cut again to the mark. Knock out the cut piece with a hammer, and remove the remaining protrusion with a chisel or chisel. No need to go behind the line with a saw and try to cut off the ledge in one go. This method increases the cut by 3–5 cm, depending on the diameter of the disk, which significantly reduces the bearing performance of the rafter.

Step 4 Install the prepared rafter in place and check the correctness of its manufacture. Do the same operations with the second leg of the farm.

Step 5 Place the rafters with an emphasis on the Mauerlat and the run, pull them together with a clamp in the upper part. Find the middle of the run and transfer the line to the rafters, use a level or building square (only if the plane of the run is strictly horizontal).

Step 6 Saw through two rafters at the same time along a vertical line. The boards must be tightly clamped with a clamp. Pay maximum attention, the saw blade should be perpendicular to the plane of the rafters. If you cut it obliquely, then the ridge joint will not fit tightly, and this reduces the stability of the truss system and is considered an obvious construction defect.

Step 7 Remove the clamps, connect both elements in the ridge, check the correct position.

With a lack of practical experience in performing such work, the first leg may have a gap in the ridge part, if it is within 1–2 mm, then there is nothing to worry about. If it is more than 4 millimeters, then you need to correct the element. See which planes of the thrust pads do not allow the upper cut to fit tightly. Approximately indicate the amount of additional cut. Remove the rafter and remove the interfering protrusions. Check the connection again, if there are gaps, repeat the operation. As practice shows, experience appears on the second or third rafter and no further corrections need to be made.

Step 8 Secure the rafter legs firmly in place. For this, it is recommended to use metal plates and corners, it is simple and easy to work with them, the strength fully meets the requirements for the truss system.

For each pair of rafters, you will need one large reshaped plate to connect the ridge knot, two 50x50mm corners for fixing to the run and two 60x80mm corners for screwing to the Mauerlat. The thickness of the metal is at least two millimeters.

In the same way, install the extreme rafters on the other side of the house, pull the threads between them. One at the top and bottom and one in the middle. So that they do not interfere during the manufacture of rafters, make a gap between the thread and the plane of about one centimeter.

Real professionals never make one rafter in the attic of a house. Such an algorithm of work significantly increases the construction time, complicates the process itself and makes it unsafe. It is very dangerous to work with electric tools on unsuitable sites, injuries from them are severe, often causing disability.

If the house is delivered with high quality with exact observance of dimensions and rules, then the rafter legs are made according to one template on the ground. Finished elements are assembled on the roof. This technology increases labor productivity by 3-5 times, at the same time the quality of the rafter system is improved, it is more reliable and durable. Of course, the wages of builders also increase proportionally. They work from the development and receive money not for the time spent in the attic, but for the assembled roof.

Prices for popular models of screwdrivers

Screwdrivers

Video - Manufacturing and installation of rafters on a gable roof

We will send the material to you by e-mail

When planning the construction of low-rise residential, utility or commercial buildings, most designers choose a gable roof structure. This is due to the relatively simple installation technology, increased structural reliability, effective removal of precipitation from the roof and unpretentiousness to operating conditions. However, to achieve all the benefits, you need to correctly design and install the rafters for a gable roof with your own hands.

Exterior of a house with a gable roof

Gable roofs are two inclined rectangular planes (slopes), which are supported by a rafter system. The side parts are made deaf or windows and sheathing are installed on them. The main parameters of such a roof are: the angle of inclination and the location of the ridge relative to the center line passing through the walls perpendicular to the slopes. That is, a gable structure does not have to have the same slope of the slopes or have a symmetrical appearance.

A bunch of original projects they use an asymmetric design of slopes to take into account some features of the climate, or in order to improve the design of the facade. It is worth noting that such solutions are very original, but in practice they are quite difficult to implement. This is due to the following reasons:

• The load on the walls and foundation increases at the place where the roof ridge is displaced. As a result, calculations can become much more complicated, especially when heavy roofing materials such as slate or ceramic tiles are used.
• It is required to make separate structural elements, which can significantly increase the construction time.
• The roof at large angles of inclination of the slopes can be significantly affected by the pressure of wind flows. Therefore, it will be necessary to take into account the predominant direction of the winds in the calculations.

The main elements of the pitched roof system

Before you make rafters on a gable roof, you need to create a project, as well as study all the structural elements. You will need to design the following main nodes:

• Mauerlat. Provides load transfer of the roof structure to bearing walls object, creating its uniform distribution. The beam is made from hardwoods such as larch, oak, ash. The minimum allowable cross section is 100x100 mm. It is allowed to use not only solid timber, but also glued, but with a section of 100x150 mm.
• rafters. The main structural element, which is designed to form a supporting frame, perceive the load of the roofing material through the crate and transfer the load to the Mauerlat. The distance between the rafters of a gable roof is from 0.6 to 1.2 m, depending on the weight of the roofing material and the amount of precipitation in a particular area.
• puff. A special design used to fix two inclined beams of slopes under given angle slope, which is attached at a level just above the beams or slightly below the ridge. It is used in layered types of roofs.
• Rack. It is a vertically installed and firmly fixed element that performs the load-bearing functions of the roof. It is usually installed on the walls of the building to partially transfer the load of the roof. Gives additional rigidity to the structure.
• Run. There are two types: side and ridge. The side beam is a bar supported on racks and located parallel to the ridge beam. Helps prevent bending of the ramp under significant loads. The ridge run is installed along the line of junction of one slope to another and serves as a support for the ridge.
• Strut. Represents auxiliary supports for racks, which are located at an angle of 45 0 to the load-bearing beams of the ramps in order to increase the contact area with the racks and reduce the risk of ramp deformation.
• Sill. Serves as a fulcrum for the strut and strut.
• crate. It is used to fix the truss system in the transverse direction, transfer the load of the roofing material and its fastening, as well as ensure resistance to loads in the runs between the supporting beams.

Helpful information! Struts for the northern regions due to increased snow and ice loads on the roofs can be installed not only longitudinally, but also diagonally. Thus, a significant part of the load is perceived by the racks, and not by the walls of the building.

Calculation of the length and pitch of the rafters

When installing rafters for a gable roof with your own hands, you need to observe the fixing step of 0.6-1 m. The choice depends on the calculated loads, taking into account the margin of safety. The smaller the step, the stronger the structure and the greater the consumption of building materials. A large interval of 0.8-1 m is allowed to be used only when laying light roofing sheets and slope angles of 15 0 -20 0. It is recommended to choose a step within 0.6-0.8 m.

The length of the beams, knowing the angle of inclination of the slopes and the distance between the two walls of the object, is quite simple to calculate using the Pythagorean theorem. However, the actual length must be increased by 60-70 cm, which will go to their docking, as well as to the overhang of the slopes of about 0.5-0.6 m.

home » Hydro vapor barrier » Do-it-yourself installation of the truss system instruction. How to install a gable roof truss system - step by step guide