Phased construction of a mansard roof. We make a beautiful attic floor with our own hands Roof structure diagram with an attic detailed description

Reading 10 min. Views 1.3k.

Let's figure out what exactly we call the attic today. According to the building regulations in force today, we are talking about a room in the attic, part of the facade of which is formed by the roof surface.

Moreover, if we consider the line of intersection of the walls of the facade of the building and the roof surface, then its height above the floor level should not exceed one and a half meters.

There is a wide range of possible solutions for their design. It must be remembered that one of the main features of the attic is that there are two sections of the roof slope. One of them is more gentle, the other is with a stronger slope.

In addition, it is desirable that the height of the vertical part of the wall be more than one meter. This will make it possible to feel in such a room much more comfortable than in the opposite case.

Design

Consider the types of truss systems for attic rooms. Here we will talk about the main types of such premises, depending on their structure.

Here we are talking about a flat inclined surface. However, the slope in this case is usually relatively small. Designing such an attic is much easier than for other types, but there will be relatively little usable space in such a room.

There are many such solutions. Let's talk about some of them. It is also one of the most simple options. It looks like this.

As we see here, when designing an attic, the integrity of the roof is not violated in any way. This allows you to reduce the cost of arranging such a room.

But the downside of this option is that the size of the attic itself in this case is minimal in comparison with other architectural and design solutions.

Let's consider a similar option. However, we note that it allows you to increase the size of the attic. It is designed for a different type of roofing device.

Its main disadvantage is the same as in the previous case. There is very little space available here. Which, however, pays off with the simplicity of designing this kind of attic.

Here we will consider more complex geometry.

We see that the design of this type of attic presents certain difficulties. At the same time, the room has a much larger volume than in previous cases. There is a vertical outer wall, which makes it possible to make high-quality windows in the attic.

An important aspect of such a decision is that there is an opportunity to put forward vertical wall attic outside the facade of the house. This gives a good opportunity to increase the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room. Note that here we are talking about a single-level attic.

Here we are talking about a much more complex version. A two-level room with several rooms can also be one of the attic options.

However, the design of such an attic is difficult task, although it can provide additional flexibility and efficiency in the use of available space.

Roof shapes

In this section, we will look at the main types. To the most simple types can be classified as single or double-sided.

A more complex option is to use a broken type. When using this variety of it, the internal space that can be used for an attic space increases significantly. This option is a variation gable roof.

More complex options are those that are made in the form of a dome, pyramid or cone.

There is also a four-slope, which is also called a hip. In fact, here we are talking about a gable roof, supplemented by two more slopes, which are located in front and behind.

It is also impossible not to mention multi-gable roofs. This implies a combination of two or more gables, which are located perpendicular to each other.

The following figure clearly demonstrates some of their types.

Broken mansard roof

There are not so few varieties of attics. However, some options are quite rare. One of the most common is this. What exactly do we mean when we talk about this?

In fact, we are talking about the usual gable roof. Its only difference is that in the variant under consideration, each slope is divided into two sections (this is the most common option, but there may be more than two such sections), which have a different slope. The part that is in the center is less inclined, and at the edges it is more. Let's explain this with a picture.

Now let's move on to how it works. Let's look at another picture.

This diagram shows the location of the rafters that make up the frame. Let's briefly talk about them. Floor beams. This is the part on which the entire roof structure is mounted. On the one hand, this is part of the ceiling of the upper floor of the building.

On the other hand, the remaining structural elements are mounted on these beams:

• Racks - vertically arranged elements that serve as a support.
• Runs are located along the attic.
• Sloped rafters are a sloping base for decking.
• Cross beams are used for attic floors.

The main elements of the design were listed here. Let's show another diagram.

Here are a few more important elements. truss system:

• Mauerlat. These are longitudinally located beams that serve as the main support for the layered rafters.
• Hanging rafters. They are located in the upper section of the roof.
• The tightening serves to increase the strength of the entire structure.
• The struts are an additional support for the layered rafters.

The truss system is the foundation, but that's not all. The roof itself is quite complex. After all, it should protect the house from rain, cold and heat. In addition, water condensate forms inside the house, which can not only create significant discomfort for residents, but also damage the thermal insulation layer. Therefore, it has a rather complex device.

Let's explain this diagram. Typically, an insulating layer is placed between the layered rafters. Under it directly have a vapor barrier. A waterproofing layer is placed above the insulating layer. A thin air layer is left under it, which serves for ventilation.

On top of the layered rafters, a counter-lattice is nailed (slats that are located along the rafters). And on them - a crate (slats located perpendicular to the rafters). A roofing is installed on top. This is an example of a roof structure in which ventilation is provided.

Most are of this type. In areas where a warm and dry climate prevails, a roof can be installed in which this kind of ventilation is not provided.

We will tell you how mansard roofs can look in the most common cases.

Here is a design for a gable mansard roof. Here is another diagram that corresponds to a two-slope polyline.

If it is four-pitched, then this allows you to allocate more free space for the attic. Here circuit diagram truss system for them.

The above diagram shows the truss system that can be used in the design. Next, we will show another example of a four-pitched (hip) roof.

Do-it-yourself mansard roof construction technology

If we have plans to build an attic, then, in principle, two main ways are possible:

• Do it yourself.
• Contact the experts.

Each of the options mentioned has its own advantages and disadvantages. If you do everything necessary work do it yourself, it will cost much less. But for this you will have to work hard and you will need to do the work at a high-quality, fairly professional level.

If you turn to specialists, then the work, although it will be done efficiently, will also cost much more.

If you still decide to take on this business yourself, then you first need to prepare the necessary materials and tools.

Creation will take place in two main stages:

• frame creation,
• roof arrangement.

Various materials will be required to carry out the work:

• Wooden beam of various sections.
• Boards 3-4 cm thick and 15 cm wide.
• Roofing material (slate).
• Insulation.
• Vapor barrier.
• Waterproofing.
• Nails 80 mm.

You will also need tools for work:

• Sharp knife.
• Hammer.
• Axe.
• Construction stapler with staples.
• Plumb.
• Roulette.
• Hacksaw.

Since it is a rather complex structure, you must first draw up its diagram and calculate the parts.

Consider the situation for a gable broken mansard roof. Let's talk about what calculations and how to do it.

First of all, it is important to decide on the roofing material. It must be chosen based on the specific features of the situation. In particular, let us pay attention to two different aspects of the issue. The level of thermal insulation and waterproofing in the attic is significantly lower than in the house.

This necessitates a very careful attitude in the selection of materials for the construction of the roof. Another feature is that it is important to use lighter materials both for the roof and for interior decoration created attic.

Since each slope is divided into two sections, it is important to determine the angle of inclination of the steeper section. It must be remembered that if it is less than 15 degrees, then this imposes special requirements on the roofing material. If we are talking about a slope greater than 45 degrees, then almost any material can be used for the roof.

In order to determine the weight, you must first determine its area. To do this, its surface is divided into simpler geometric shapes and their area is added up.

When determining the weight, the following are taken into account:

• weight of rafters and beams,
• insulation weight,
• waterproofing weight,
• roof weight.

First, the weight per unit area is determined, and then multiplied by its value.

When calculating the weight, do not forget about the possible weight of the applied snow and take into account its size. The additional effect of wind must also be taken into account.

The total load is found by dividing the total load by the roof area. Based on the resulting number and rather complex calculations on special tables the necessary parameters of the truss system are determined and, in particular, the value of the rafter step and the recommended roof slope.

Carrying out work

Installation of the truss system

Before carrying out such work, it is necessary to prepare the wood. It must be well dried, and also treated with a special antiseptic and fire retardant composition.

At the first stage, you need to install the Mauerlat.

It is laid on a layer of waterproofing. The next step is to attach the ridge beam.

After that, layered rafters are installed. For convenience, the places of their attachment can be marked on the Mauerlat. Usually the installation step of the rafters is 70 cm. It is customary to cut the rafters in order to strengthen the connection with the Mauerlat.

The top edges of the rafters are also cut at an angle. There are braces installed.

Then a crate is placed on the rafters and a vapor barrier film is installed.

The rafter system is the basis for the roof, but you need to install insulation and waterproofing.

First of all, you need to decide on the choice of material for insulation. Several options are common:

• Glass wool. It's cheap and effective material, but when it is laid, dust is harmful to health. When used, this material is safe, durable and effective.
• MDF board. It has good thermal insulation and sound insulation. It is not usually used for residential buildings.
• Styrofoam is an effective material, it weighs a little. However, it is toxic and flammable.
• Expanded polystyrene is similar in its characteristics to polystyrene, but does not have its shortcomings.
• Mineral wool. IN last years is the most common material used for insulation. Effective in use, almost no flaws.

We lay a waterproofing film on top of the rafters, which must be carefully fixed. Insert blocks from below mineral wool and fix them with a vapor barrier membrane, attaching it from below to the rafters.

At the same time, sheets of mineral wool must be cut a few centimeters wider than the gaps between the rafters. This is necessary in order to prevent the formation of cracks in the thermal insulation.

Features of rafter systems of mansard roofs

The frame is built with the intent to ensure that it will support the full weight of the mansard roof along with the so-called " roofing cake". On the other hand, it should be as light as possible in order to reduce the load.

Usually wood is used for such work. coniferous trees. This is due to the fact that such wood is more easily able to be processed.

Before use, wooden parts must undergo antiseptic and fire-fighting treatment.

Modern technologies and quality Construction Materials allow you to independently build a high-quality mansard roof. However, at the same time, it is necessary to carry out competent design and calculation of the necessary parameters.

Special attention you need to pay attention to the quality and reliability of the truss system being built.

The most probably The best way increase usable area own house- This is to replace the gable roof of the house with a mansard. Thus, one, two or even three additional rooms can be purchased without cutting out extra bed on the site and without contacting the very laborious processes of pouring a new foundation and erecting walls. And in order to find out how to make the attic correctly, you need to consider all the stages of its arrangement, starting with calculations and ending with the roofing of the roof and finishing the resulting additional premises.

In order for all work to be successful, first of all, you need to make sure that the existing walls (if the add-on will be built in the old house) are able to withstand the additional load. It will depend on this factor whether it is worth starting such a construction site, and if so, on which design of the mansard roof it would be better to stop.

It should be noted that the load on the load-bearing walls will increase significantly - due to more rafters, due to the mass of interior decoration of walls and floors, windows and doors, insulation systems, as well as all elements of the interior filling of attic rooms. All of these factors suggest that you need to start with a choice. optimal design attic, with calculations, drafting and drawings of the future superstructure.

Types of attic superstructures

According to current building codes, an attic is considered to be a room under a roof that has a height from ceiling to ridge of at least 2500 mm. If this parameter is less than the specified limit, then the room is considered an ordinary attic.

• If the vertical racks that determine the height of the walls of the room are 1500 mm in size, then the attic space can be considered a full-fledged floor.
• A semi-mansard is an attic room in which there are no vertical racks, or if they have a height of 500 to 700 mm.

There are several types of attic superstructures, but the most popular of them are high gable and broken structures. Their popularity can be explained by simpler calculations, relatively simple installation work and ease of use. In third place, after gable and broken structures, one can name a shed version of the roof, which is also sometimes used to equip the attic. Unfortunately, not every house design can use this type of superstructure, since it requires not only the reconstruction of the roof, but also raising the height of the already built walls, which significantly increases the load on them and on the foundation.

If erected new house, and the second floor is planned in the form of an attic, then a shed version of the roof is well suited for this purpose. In addition, it will help save on roofing material.

More complex structures - domed, four-pitched, as well as with various protrusions-consoles arranged in the roof slopes (single-level and multi-level), are used extremely rarely and only in exclusive projects, as they have a complex design both in engineering calculations and in installation.

The figure below the numbers shows:

1 - Gable attic.

2 - Broken attic

3 - Single-level console attic

4 - Multi-level attic.

Gable attic

attic space under d with a wuska roof, which is arranged at an angle between the slopes of 80 ÷ 90 degrees on the ridge, it may well be converted into an attic. To create full-fledged living quarters under it, it will be necessary to carry out a number of necessary reconstructions, for example, very often it is not possible without strengthening attic floor. All these alterations and plus to this - necessary insulation they will certainly “eat up” a significant part of the usable space under the roof, so you should not expect that the rooms in such an attic will be spacious and with high ceilings.

Of course, if the dimensions (length and width) of the house are large enough, and the roof has a significant angle of inclination (45 degrees or even higher), then after the alterations it will be possible to count on a relatively spacious attic room.

broken roof

A room under a sloping mansard roof will be much more spacious and with a fairly high ceiling. Such an attic can be easily divided into two separate rooms.

The sloping roof has four planes of slopes. They are located at different angles - the upper slopes are called ridge, and the lower ones are lateral. They, for the most part, play the role of walls.

This type of mansard roof is somewhat more difficult to design and install, but the result will please you with spacious rooms and respectable appearance Houses.

One-level console attic

This type of attic has an even more complex design than the previous one, as it implies a displacement of the attic space to one side or the other.

Using this version of the attic device, you can get spacious rooms, much larger in area than under a gable roof.

The design of a single-level mansard roof can repeat not only a gable, but also a shed version - this will depend on how much it is supposed to take the console out of the attic and raise its ceiling.

Layered add-on

A multi-level structure is the most difficult to design and install. In its development and construction, the help of qualified specialists will definitely be needed. The supports for the levels of the attic rooms are different truss systems and ceilings, which are combined with the main one. A multi-level system involves the arrangement of rooms on different levels attic space, which is why the consoles should be located that way.

Having chosen the most desirable type of attic, it is necessary to determine whether it is possible to arrange it on the old walls of the house, or whether they will have to be strengthened. Therefore, it is necessary to accurate calculations and make a project.

Roof truss basics

Most roofs, and the attic in this matter is no exception, have one of two types of truss system, or a combination of them. Each of these varieties has its own characteristics, which depend on the location of the load-bearing walls of the building.

Hanging system

The hanging truss system is determined by the fact that it is supported only by two external capital walls located along the length of the building, in which there are no internal capital partitions.

Such a system is used provided that the distance between the main supports is no more than 13 ÷ 14 meters. In any case, this design gives a fairly large load on the walls and foundation of the building.

To reduce the loads in this system, various support structures are used. elements - crossbars, grandmas, struts, puffs, racks and other details.

For example, headstocks, as it were, suspend the entire system to the ridge beam with the help of a puff, and struts pull the overlapping beams to the rafter legs.

For the attic floor in this system, it is necessary to use thick bars, logs or boards that are installed on the edge. Their thickness can be determined from the table given in this publication, based on the distance between the support points.

In order for the floor to be reliable and durable when using a hanging system, you need to carry out accurate calculations, and if it is difficult to do it yourself, then it is better

Layered construction

The layered system is distinguished by the fact that it has supports not only on external main walls, but also on internal partitions, which have a foundation under them.

Therefore, starting the construction of a house in which an attic is planned, you need to think in advance about the location of the internal capital partitions.

For a house with an attic, a layered system is best option, since the beams blocking the house will be firmly and securely fixed to the walls and partitions.

When erecting a broken attic roof structure, you can use a combined version of the truss system, that is, use elements of both a hanging and a layered system.

Attic design

When drawing up a project for the construction of any type of attic, it is recommended to consider it in different projections in order to visually determine the location of all supporting elements. Calculating all the parameters of the attic, they must be immediately included in the project.

Based on the calculations made, the places and methods of installation of all structural elements of the truss system are determined. The calculation is also necessary to accurately determine the materials needed for the construction of the attic and their parameters.

Structural elements

Any of the wooden structures of the mansard roof consists of certain elements that are interconnected by connecting nodes that have different configurations. To better understand the design of these connections, it is recommended to draw each of them, and when carrying out installation work, be sure to have this drawing on hand.

The design of a broken mansard roof includes the following components of the system:

• Mauerlat - element, made from wooden beam and laid on the main walls of the building in its length. It serves to evenly distribute the load from the structure of the truss system to the wall and foundation. Rafter legs are installed and fixed on the Mauerlat. This element is mounted both in a gable and in a broken structure of the attic roof.
• Floor beams, which are laid on the main walls of the building and are the basis for the future floor of the attic and the ceiling of the first floor, as well as for the installation of the entire truss system.
• The rafter leg consists of one straight element - bar or boards in a gable type of roof, or from two parts - in a broken structure. In a broken mansard roof, the upper part fixed to the ridge is called the ridge, and the lower part, which forms the walls of the attic, is called the side. Obviously, the side leg will be installed on a layered basis, while the upper ridge rafter - usually becomes hanging
• For the ridge, a beam or board of a certain thickness is used. Sometimes they do without it, connecting the upper ridge parts of the rafter legs together, which form the ridge.
• Racks are the supporting elements of the system. They support the rafter legs and take some of the load off the walls and foundation of the building. Racks in the future will become a crate for the walls, which will be installed in the process of finishing the attic.
• Bevels or other elements installed diagonally are additional supports that fasten the rafters and retaining beams, making the system more reliable.
• Between the rafter legs for rigidity, bars are installed, called inter-rafter runs - they also give the system rigidity.

Carrying out basic attic calculations

It is quite difficult to develop a mansard roof project on your own, since this process requires certain knowledge and skills in designing and carrying out specific architectural calculations. If you make mistakes at the same time, the design of the attic will be unreliable, and besides, with its weight it can damage the walls and foundation of the building.

However, if a not too complicated design is conceived, then you can try to cope on your own.

Skate Height Calculation

Size usable area of the attic room depends on the height of the roof ridge, and the latter is determined by the selected slope of the slopes - the smaller this angle, the lower the ceiling and, accordingly, less effective area attic space.

H=L×tgα

H- the height of the skate;

L- ½ the width of the building (if we are talking about a gable symmetrical roof);

α - the angle of inclination of the slope of the truss system.

As an example, you can substitute the above data into the formula:

Building size 8×10 m, slope angle 30°, tangent 30°= 0.58

H \u003d 8/2 × 0.58 \u003d 2.32 m

The height of the skate will be 2,32 m.

In great detail, with all possible nuances and necessary reference tables, the process and all other parameters associated with it are described from a separate publication dedicated to this particular issue.

The area of ​​​​the interior space of the attic

The technique used to determine the area of ​​​​the attic space will make it possible to calculate the amount required material for the construction of a truss system, for insulation and decoration. Particularly accurate calculations are important if the attic will be used to equip additional living rooms because they require special handling.

Usually the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room under the roof is calculated, that is, both useful and the so-called "deaf". The living space is limited to the installed racks, which will be the basis for the installation and finishing material of the walls. The zone behind them is considered deaf, that is, most often not used.

The total area is calculated quite simply: the width of the overhangs on both sides is added to the width of the building. The resulting amount is multiplied by the length of the building.

It is also easy to find the area of ​​\u200b\u200bliving space: for this you need to measure the width of the attic space between the racks installed under one and the other slope of the roof, and multiply the resulting parameter by the length of the attic from gable to gable.

Roofing area

To pre-determine the quantity roofing material, it is necessary to calculate the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe roof slopes.

If a decision is made to install a broken or even more complex structure, it is necessary to calculate the area of ​​\u200b\u200ball sections of the roof. To do this, you need to break it into separate geometric shapes, and then calculate the area of ​​\u200b\u200beach of them and add the results.

For those who do not firmly remember the formulas for calculating the areas of flat figures, a "cheat sheet" scheme is given.

Shed roof area

If the attic roof is pitched, then its area can be calculated using the formula: Sabcd = Lcd × Lbd.

Pay attention to the drawing. When calculating, not only length and width are taken into account roof structure slope - we must not forget about the cornice overhangs on all sides.

gable roof

With a symmetrical arrangement of roof slopes, for calculating a gable roof, it remains only to multiply the value obtained above by two.

For example, take the same example as discussed above. The size of the building is 10×8 m. The angle of the slope is 30 °, the height of the ridge H = 2.32 m. It is easy to determine the length of the rafter - S

S = H / sin α = 2.32 / 0.5 = 4.64 m

We accept cornice overhang 0,7 m, gable overhang 0,7 m. According to the shed roof formula, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bone slope is calculated.

(10 + 2 × 0.7) × (4.64 + 0.7) = 60.88 m²

Then, to get the total area of ​​​​the two slopes, the resulting result is multiplied by two.

Q = 121.76 m²

This technique is designed to calculate the continuous surface of slopes, excluding windows, ventilation channels and a chimney.

If the roof has a very complex structure, then it is better not to take risks and still seek the help of professionals who will make the necessary calculations using special computer applications.

When using slate, soft roofing, other profile materials, you can use a simplified calculation formula.

Starting from the drawing:

So, the following formula is applicable for calculation:

Q\u003d K × (B + 2A) × (L + 2C)

Q- the required amount of roofing;

IN — the width of the building (along the gable wall);

A- the width of the planned eaves of the roof;

L- total length of the building;

C- the width of the side overhangs of the roof.

TO is a coefficient that takes into account the angle of inclination of the slope with respect to the horizon (α). By by and large, it is a trigonometric function of the secant (sec) equal to the reciprocal of cosα.

In order not to delve into the theory, it is easier to give a coefficient table TO in absolute, that is, numerical measurement:

Let's go back to our example:

Q= 1.1547 × (8 + 2 × 0.7) × (10+2 × 0.7) = 123.74 m²

Taking into account overlaps slate sheets - it turns out almost the same as in calculations carried out by a different method. Of course, on the advice of experienced builders, another 10 ÷ 15 %

(The figure shows a gable roof, however, the formula is fully suitable for calculations with the required level of accuracy for single-pitched or hip roofs. However, with a caveat - hip roof the steepness of the main and side slopes must match. If not, then the calculation is carried out for each pair of slopes separately, and then the value is summed).

Total weight from truss system and roofing

It is equally important to correctly choose the optimal material for roofing and correctly make a crate for it. This calculation is carried out taking into account the length of the rafters and the angle of their slope.

The crate for roofing material can be sparse, mixed or solid. For example, a metal tile, corrugated board or slate is fixed to a sparse crate, and soft roof- only on a continuous one.

When choosing a roof, you need to get information about it performance characteristics. It is from them that the durability and reliability of the roof structure will depend. Roofing material must also be selected taking into account the specific region and its climatic conditions, especially factors such as temperature changes and strong winds.

An important factor is the weight of the roofing, especially if the mansard roof is installed on old walls. Therefore, you should estimate the weight of the roof in advance and find out how much the load on the building structure will increase, and whether it will be acceptable.

Most often, a soft roof or ondulin is used to cover attics, since these materials are one of those that have the lightest weight and are easy to install.

For example, you can calculate the weight of 1 square meter of roofing, where ondulin is used for coating, taking into account the crate and insulation - sprayed polyurethane foam. To do this, you need to find the sum of the weight of each of the materials and multiply by a factor of 1.1 (this factor takes into account the overlap on adjacent sheets of roofing material).

• The weight from a flat crate, 20 mm thick (plywood or OSB) is 14 kg / m².
• Insulation - polyurethane foam, 100 mm thick, has an average weight of 3 kg / m²
• The average weight of ondulin is 3.3 kg / m²

We get in total:

(14 + 3 + 3.3) × 1.1=22.3kg /m²

To calculate the total weight load of the roof on the walls, you need to multiply the weight of one square meter by the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe entire coating. In our example, this will work:

M = 123.74 × 22.3 = 2751.82 kg.

A lot - almost 3 tons gives only a very light roofing with a crate and also a very light type of insulation.

But that's not all! Snow loads on the roof winter period, plus wind pressure, all year round. These parameters must also be taken into account when calculating the necessary wooden elements construction of the truss system and floor beams, and taking into account the total load of the roof structure on the walls and foundation of the building.

- Then, the whole system is closed with a vapor barrier film, which is fixed on the logs with brackets.

- Boards or plywood sheets can be laid on top of it.

- A decorative coating is laid on them - it can be linoleum, laminate, parquet board and other materials.

Additional insulation can be created by laying an electric cable or infrared warm floor under the decorative coating. It is better to read about these possibilities separately in the article devoted to

• If the floor is mounted on floor beams, you will have to work from the side of the first floor.

- From the side of the lower room, boards are mounted on the floor beams. It is desirable that they be even, you can even use a floorboard for the subfloor.

- After that, a vapor barrier film is laid on these boards from the side of the attic, which will cover not only the subfloor, but also the floor beams.

- On top of it, another layer of vapor barrier is laid and attached to the beams.

- Then, logs are fixed to this coating perpendicular to the beams.

- Another layer of insulation is mounted between the lags, for it it is better to choose mineral wool, since, when straightened, it is tightly installed between the bars, leaving no voids.

- Then it should also be covered with vapor barrier material.

If it is decided to cover the floor with one of decorative coatings, then plywood sheets are laid on top of the log, and then laminate, linoleum or other materials are laid on them. Again, nothing prevents in this case from using, for example, film floor heating.

Installation of insulation on the walls and ceiling of the attic

Having finished the installation of the floor, you can proceed to the installation of insulation on the walls.

- If material in mats is chosen for this process, then before laying it, sheets of vapor barrier material are fixed on the rafters.

It is fixed in such a way as to close the entire space and deepen it between the rafters.

If the vapor barrier is fixed on the other side of the rafters, then the mats will independently hold between two wooden surfaces.

- If one of the is selected, then it is not necessary to fix the vapor barrier film under it. It will be enough waterproofing, which is laid on the rafters outside the structure.

To use this insulation technology, you must have special technological equipment, or you will have to invite a specialist who will do the work in one day. It is not easy to carry out this operation on your own without experience - in order to do the work without harming your health, you need to know the process technology and have the necessary protective equipment.

After carrying out insulation work, wall cladding is carried out.

Prices for popular types of heaters

insulation

Attic wall decoration

Before you start finishing the walls, you need to resolve the issue of electrical wiring, the cable of which must be well insulated with double-layer corrugated pipes.

After the wiring of the electrical cable is done, you can safely proceed with the installation of the finishing material.

For decoration, they usually use wooden lining, drywall or plywood with a beautiful textured pattern.

For any of these materials, it is desirable to make a crate of slats on the rafters and vertical racks with a section size of approximately 20 × 70 mm. These guides are fixed in increments of 500 ÷ 600 mm. In addition to the fact that the crate of the slats becomes the basis for fastening the finish, it also forms a ventilation gap between finishing material and vapor barrier.

• made quite simply. It leaves walls smooth and neat, ready for painting, traditional wallpapering or even liquid wallpapering.

Therefore, drywall finishing should be chosen by those homeowners who like to often change the interior design of the premises.

• Clapboard wall decoration is a longer and more laborious process than. For such a sheathing, a crate with the above parameters is also perfect. The only thing to think about is the direction of the lining boards, that is, it should be located vertically with the horizontal orientation of the crate and vice versa.

If desired, after installation, the wood can be varnished on water based or give it a deeper color by using stain.

Wood is an amazing material that can create a special atmosphere in the room with the aroma of the forest, which has a positive effect on the structure and well-being of the residents. That is why natural lining is very often chosen for flooring, walls and attic ceilings.

Video: insulation of the attic room and finishing it with clapboard

• You can come up with a beautiful plywood finish. But that's only if it will not be covered with paint on top, then you need to choose quality material with a beautiful natural pattern. Plywood is mounted much faster than lining, and makes the walls even, covering large surfaces at once.

This material can be covered with varnish, paint or any kind of wallpaper, but you can leave the walls in their natural state only after carefully cleaning possible defects in the form of protruding splinters or burrs.

The construction of an attic is a rather laborious and complex process that requires high experience in the construction craft. If there is no one to understand about the above technological operations, then you should not take it on your own - it is better to invite professional masters to perform the work. They will save you from unnecessary problems and build an attic according to the project conceived by the owner of the house.

Video: an example of the construction and decoration of the attic

The attic is the room in your house that can carry the most diverse functional load: from a workshop and an office, to a bedroom and a living room. The arrangement of the attic will cost you much less than a full-fledged second floor. And the technology of its construction is more accessible for execution.
In this article, we will consider the types of attics, as well as the stages of building an attic with your own hands.

The attic is a room bounded from below interfloor overlap, and on top and on the sides with roof slopes. Depending on the shape of the attic slopes, there can be:

• single-level symmetrical with a gable roof (a, b);
• single-level symmetrical with a sloping roof (c);
• single-level asymmetric (d);
• two-level asymmetric (d).

Roof truss structures

If it is not there, or the distance of the wall from the edge of the attic is more than 7 m, hanging-type rafters are mounted. They are made up of the upper part of the roof slope, and are limited below ceiling beams attic.
Installation of the truss system is the first stage in the construction of the attic. Therefore, before starting its installation, it is necessary to calculate and take into account all the subtleties of this construction. For example, the possibility of arranging an attic floor instead of an existing attic space will depend on the quality of the underlying surface, on the type of foundation and its bearing capacity, as well as on the condition of the entire building as a whole.

However, first you need to familiarize yourself with the terminology presented on the construction drawings.

Stages of construction of the truss frame

First, the upper bar is laid, which can be a section of 0.1x0.1 m, and preferably 0.15x0.15 m. It is attached to the racks with special nails, iron staples or self-tapping screws. This bar is a rafter frame.

1. We make installation of Mauerlat. It is this element that is the "foundation" of the entire roof. It prevents the roof from tipping over in strong gusty winds, and also shifts the load from the attic to the load-bearing walls of the house. For mounting the power plate, use: boards (thickness not less than 5 cm) and bars (with a minimum section of 10x15 cm). The bars are laid out along the perimeter of the entire roof and attached to the wall with long self-tapping screws or metal brackets (or better, both at the same time). Another method of attaching the Mauerlat to the wall will not be superfluous - using a thick wire, which is pre-mounted in the top row of the brickwork of the wall. Remember that the stronger you tie the Mauerlat and the wall, the stronger the entire attic structure will be. And one more thing: under the Mauerlat bars, it is necessary to lay a layer of a waterproofing agent, and treat the boards or bars themselves with an antiseptic and waterproofing impregnation.
2. , which are most often purchased ready-made (although you can make them yourself if you wish). Before mounting these structural elements, it is necessary to put marks on the Mauerlat that will indicate the place where the legs are attached (the accepted distance between the legs is 15 cm). Labeling will simplify and speed up the implementation of this step.
3. We lay the edge rafters to the pediment. Particular attention should be paid to the fact that the edge of the front and the top of the rafters should be in one line. In addition, pay attention to the quality of the board used under the rafters: it should be without any special defects (normally no more than 3 flaws per 1 m), thickness - about 4 cm, width - about 15 cm. After the edge rafters are installed, they are connected by a level rope, along which all other rafter legs are mounted.
4. It's time to bring all the straps together. This is done along the top point of all rafters using a run. Then the ridge beam is installed, which, in principle, is not an obligatory element of the frame (it is erected when the roof is longer than 7 m).
5. Do not forget that at the stage of erecting the truss structure, you need to lay window frames under the roof windows.
6. If the roof is lower than 7 m, then extensions are mounted in the upper part of the rafters, which perform a dual function: they serve as ceiling beams for the future attic, strengthen the frame of the attic roof.

The rafter system is ready. It remains only to make the crate, fix the hydro-barrier material, lay a layer of insulation material, as well as roofing. Mansard roof is ready. Getting Started internal work, which we will discuss below.

The importance of insulation mansard roofs undeniable, because the walls of the attic room are united with the mansard roof, or as close as possible to it. Because of this, the attic room freezes faster in winter, and heats up significantly in summer.

Mineral wool is laid in the space between the rafters. In this regard, the base sheets of insulation are cut to the size of the gaps between the rafters. Sheets of mineral wool are laid on a pre-laid layer of vapor barrier, and a layer of hydro vapor barrier is attached on top of the sheets. In this multilayer structure, air gaps are formed, located between the layers of a vapor barrier-mineral wool and mineral wool - a hydro vapor barrier. These air channels will subsequently contribute to the ventilation of the entire structure, and therefore they must be brought open in the ridge area. This will improve the quality of the insulation.

When insulating the attic, remember that the microclimate of the attic room and the comfort of your stay there will depend on the quality of insulation and the availability of ventilation.

A house with an attic is not only an additional living space but also a respectable view of the entire building. Even if the room under the roof is made unheated and is used only in summer time, it still creates a powerful "air cushion", which contributes to the retention of heat inside the capital of the entire building.

And about, then - read on our portal.

Attic project

When drawing up a scheme for building an attic, it is best to do this in different projections in order to see and understand the placement of all elements of the truss system. It is very important to correctly calculate the height of the roof ridge, since the size of the area under it will directly depend on it.

When drawing up a scheme-project for the construction of a mansard roof, you need to calculate the height of the ridge, the ceiling and the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room.

The minimum height from the floor to the ridge should be 2.5-2.7 m, if this distance is less, then the room is not an attic, it can only be called an attic. This parameter is set by the norms of SNIP.

In order for all elements to be drawn accurately and have the desired location in the overall system, it is necessary to start from a figure with right angles, that is, a rectangle or square - a section of the attic space being created. Based on the sides (height and width of the future room), it will be almost impossible to make a mistake with the angles at which roof slopes are located, with the location of the ridge, rafters and all retaining elements. Determining these parameters, they must immediately be entered into the drawing.

First you need to find the middle of the width of the front wall. Starting from this point, the parameters of the height of the ridge, the future ceiling of the attic, the location of the rack-walls and the size of the cornice overhang are determined.

Due to the fact that each of the structures has a certain number of connecting nodes that have different configurations, it would be nice to draw each of these ligaments separately in order to understand their features of conjugation among themselves of all elements connecting at this point.

Any truss system consists of basic elements and additional ones, which may not be in every design. The main components of the mansard roof are.

• Floor beams, which are the basis for the rest of the elements of the truss system. They are laid on the main walls of the building.
• Rafter leg, straight in a gable roof system or consisting of two sections - in a broken pattern. In this case, the upper rafter is called the ridge rafter, as it forms the highest point of the roof - and the rafters that form the walls of the attic are called side rafters.
• A ridge board or beam is an indispensable element for a gable roof, but is not always used when constructing a broken roof model.
• Mauerlat - a powerful bar, fixed to the main side walls of the building. Rafter legs are installed on this element.
• Racks are supporting elements necessary to strengthen a gable and broken structure. In the latter case, a ridge and side rafters are attached to it, and in the first case, the stand is a reliable support for a long rafter. In addition, the racks serve as a frame for insulation and sheathing of the attic walls.
• Diagonal braces or bevels additionally hold the posts or stringers and rafters together, making the structure more durable.
• Attic floor beams are used in all attic options - they connect the racks, and they are also the frame for the ceiling device.
• Interrafter runs are installed in a broken form of the roof for structural rigidity.

To be sure that the prepared project is developed correctly, you need to show it to a specialist. Only he can determine whether the attic parameters are correctly selected for the width and length of the walls of the building.

Video: professional mansard roof calculation using special software

Parameters of materials for the construction of a mansard roof

If the graphic project is ready, then, starting from the dimensions marked on it, you can calculate the amount of materials needed to build a mansard roof. Materials must be selected according to their characteristics, which must meet the requirements of fire and environmental safety. For wood, it is necessary to provide special treatment with fire retardants, which will reduce the combustibility of the material. So, for the construction you will need:

• Boards for rafter legs. Their cross section is selected according to the results of special calculations - this will be discussed in more detail below.
• A beam having a cross section of 100 × 150 or 150 × 200 mm - for floor beams, depending on the selected rafter system and the width between bearing walls, as well as for runs, diagonal legs or valleys - if they are provided for by the design.
• Beam with a section of 100 × 150 mm or 150 × 150 mm for laying Mauerlat.
• For racks, a beam of 100 × 100 or 150 × 150 mm is usually used.
• Unedged board for subflooring and some fasteners.
• Annealed steel wire with a diameter of 3-4 mm - for fastening together some parts.
• Nails, bolts, staples of different sizes, corners various configurations and other fasteners.
• Metal sheet with a thickness of at least 1 mm - for cutting overlays.
• Lumber for battens and counter battens for roofing material - depending on the type of roofing chosen.
• - for thermal insulation of the roof.
• Waterproofing and vapor barrier membranes.
• Roofing material and fasteners for it.

What section are required rafters

Rafters are roofing elements that will perceive the main external loads, therefore, the requirements for their cross section are very special.

The size of the required lumber will depend on many parameters - on the step between the rafter legs, on the length of these legs between the support points, on the snow and wind load that falls on them.

The geometric parameters of the design of the truss system are easy to determine in the drawing. But with the rest of the parameters - you will have to refer to the reference material and carry out some calculations.

Snow load is not the same for different regions of our country. The figure below shows a map on which the entire territory of Russia is divided into zones according to the intensity of the snow load.

There are eight such zones in total (the last, eighth, is more likely to be extreme, and it can not be considered for the construction of a mansard roof).

Now you can accurately determine the snow load, which will depend on the angle of the roof slope. For this, there is the following formula:

S = Sg × μ

Sg- tabular value - see the map and the table attached to it

μ — correction factor depending on the steepness of the roof slope.

• If the slope angle is less 25° then μ=1.0
• With a steepness from 25 to 60 ° - μ=0.7
• If the roof is steeper than 60 °, then it is considered that the snow does not linger on it, and the snow load is not taken into account at all.

It is characteristic that if the mansard roof has a broken structure, then for its different sections the load can have different values.

The angle of the roof slope can always be determined either by a protractor - according to the drawing, or by a simple ratio of the height and base of the triangle (usually - half the width of the span):

The wind load also mainly depends on the region of construction of the building and on the characteristics of its environment and roof height.

And again, for the calculation, the initial data on the map and the table attached to it are first determined:

The calculation for a specific building will be carried out according to the formula:

Wp = W × k × c

W- tabular value, depending on the region

k- coefficient taking into account the height of the building and its location (see table)

The following zones are indicated in the table with letters:

• zone A - open areas, steppes, forest-steppes, deserts, tundra or forest-tundra, open to the winds of the coast of the seas, large lakes and reservoirs.
• zone B - urban areas, wooded areas, areas with frequent obstacles to the wind, relief or artificial, at least 10 meters high.
• zone IN- dense urban development with an average height of buildings above 25 meters.

With- coefficient depending on the predominant wind direction (wind rose of the region) and on the angle of inclination of the roof slopes.

With this coefficient, the situation is somewhat more complicated, since the wind can have a double effect on the roof slopes. So, it has a direct, overturning effect directly on roof slopes. But at small angles, the aerodynamic effect of the wind takes on special significance - it tries to raise the slope plane due to the emerging lifting forces.

In the drawings, diagrams and tables attached to them, the sections of the roof that are subject to maximum wind loads are indicated, and the corresponding coefficients for calculation are indicated.

It is characteristic that at slope angles up to 30 degrees (and this is quite possible in the section of ridge rafters), the coefficients are indicated both with a plus sign and negative, that is, directed upwards. They somewhat extinguish the frontal wind load (this is taken into account in the calculations), and in order to level the effect of lifting forces, it will be necessary to very carefully fix the truss system and roofing material in this area using additional connections, for example, using annealed steel wire.

After the wind and snow loads are calculated, they can be summed up, and, taking into account design features created system, determine the cross section of the boards for the rafters.

Please note that the data are given for the most commonly used coniferous material (pine, spruce, cedar or larch). The table shows maximum length rafters between support points, the section of the board depending on the grade of the material, and on the step between the rafters.

The value of the total load is indicated in kPa (Kilopascals). Convert this value to more familiar kilograms by square meter- not difficult. With quite acceptable rounding, you can accept: 1 kPa ≈ 100 kg/m².

The dimensions of the board according to its section are rounded up to standard sizes lumber in a big way.

Tools

Naturally, during work, one cannot do without tools, the list of which includes:

• Electric drill, screwdriver.
• Building level and plumb line, tape measure, square.
• Axe, chisel, chisel, hammer
• Circular saw, jigsaw, hacksaw.
• Carpentry knife.

Installation will be accelerated if the tools for work are of high quality, and the work is carried out with competent mentors, with assistants, carefully and in stages.

Installation steps

It is necessary to strictly observe the sequence of work - only under this condition the design will turn out to be reliable and durable.

Mauerlat mount

The installation of any truss system begins with fixing a powerful supporting structure at the end of the side walls of the structure. timber - Mauerlat on which it will be convenient to install rafter legs. Mauerlat is made from a high-quality bar with a cross section of at least 100 × 150 mm. It must be laid on the roofing material waterproofing laid along the upper end of the wall (regardless of the material).

Due to the Mauerlat, the load will be evenly distributed along the walls and transferred to the foundation of the building.

The Mauerlat is fixed to the wall with metal studs, which are pre-embedded in a concrete belt or a crown running along the upper edge of the wall, or with anchor bolts with a diameter of 12 mm. They must go deep into the wall by at least 150 — 170 mm. If the Mauerlat is installed on wooden wall, then the bars are attached to it with the help of wooden dowels.

Installation of the truss structure

• Installation of the truss system begins with the installation of floor beams. They can be mounted on the Mauerlat from above if the beams are planned to be taken out of the perimeter of the building and thereby increase the attic area. In this design, the rafter legs are fixed to the floor beams.

• Otherwise, they may fit into waterproofed walls and fastened with corners or staples to the inner edge of the Mauerlat. This option is used when the rafter legs are planned to be fixed directly to the Mauerlat.

• Next, you need to find the middle of the floor beam, since this mark will become a guideline for determining the location of the support posts and the ridge.
• Racks should be located at the same distance from the marked middle of the floor beam. In the future, they will begin to determine the location of the walls of the attic room, that is, its width.
• Bars for racks should have a cross section equal to the size of the floor beams. Construction sites are attached to the beams with the help of special corners and wooden linings. However, to begin with, they are first baited with nails, then carefully leveled with the help of a building level and a plumb line, and only then they are fixed thoroughly, with the expectation of future loads.

• When the first pair of racks is installed, they are fastened together from above with a bar, which is called a puff. This puff is also connected to the racks using special metal corners.

• After fixing the puff, you get a U-shaped design. Layered rafters are installed on it on the sides, which are attached to the floor beam with their second end or are laid on the Mauerlat.
• A special notch (groove) is cut out on the installed supports for the timber or in the rafters. With its use the rafters are tightly installed on the mauerlat beam, and fastened with metal brackets.

• For structural rigidity, struts can be additionally installed from the base of the rack to the middle of the installed side rafter. If this seems not enough, and saving material is not in the foreground, then you can strengthen general design also with additional racks and fights (they are indicated in the drawing in Fig. A with translucent lines).
• Further, the middle is calculated on the puff - a headstock will be attached to this place, supporting the ridge connection of the upper hanging subsystem of the rafters.
• The next step is to install ridge rafters, which can be fastened together with different connections - this can be a metal lining or powerful bolts with metal plates or pucks.

• After their installation, a headstock is attached to the ridge and the middle of the puff.
• Having completed work on one part of the truss system, you need to make all the rest according to the same principle. The distance between adjacent rafters in such a system should be no more than 900 — 950 mm, but the interval of 600 mm will probably still be optimal - this will give both the necessary rigidity and stability of the structure, and will be convenient for insulation using standard mineral wool mats. True, this makes the structure heavier and requires more materials.

• First, the side parts of the complete system are installed, and then the intermediate ones. Between themselves, they are connected by runs, which are installed between the upper ends of the racks and act as spacers. Thus, a rigid structure of the attic rafters will be obtained, in which the frame for wall cladding will already be ready.

Prices for various types of fasteners for rafters

Fasteners for rafters

Mansard roof waterproofing

When the truss system is built, you can proceed to finishing it and their accompanying materials.

• The first coating to be fixed immediately on top of the rafters will be waterproofing and windproof film. it is attached to the rafters with staples and a stapler, starting from the eaves. Cloths are overlapped by 150 — 200 mm, and then the joints are glued with waterproof tape.
• On top of the waterproofing, a counter-lattice is stuffed onto the rafters, which will more reliably fix the film on the surface and create the necessary ventilation distance between the windproof and roofing material. The counter-lattice is usually made of boards with a width of 100 — 150 mm and 50 thick — 70 mm.

• A crate is fixed perpendicular to the counter-lattice, on which the roofing material will then be laid. The step between the rails must be calculated depending on the type and size of the sheet roofing material, taking into account the overlap required for it.
• If a soft roof is chosen, then plywood sheets are most often fixed to the counter-lattice.

Roofing installation

Roofing material is fixed on the prepared crate or plywood. Its installation usually starts from the roof eaves and runs in order, from one of the edges - depending on the type of roof. Roofing sheets are mounted with an overlap. If used for coverage metallic profile or metal tile, then such material is fixed with special self-tapping screws with elastic gaskets. Fasteners are usually matched in color to the roofing material.

The most difficult thing in covering the attic broken roof- this is the transition from layered side rafters to hanging ridge rafters. There may be certain difficulties in the event that ledges are provided on the roof for roofing over balconies or windows.

In addition, if a chimney pipe enters the roof, it requires a separate opening inside the rafter system and the insulation layer, and on the roof, a reliable waterproofing device around the pipe.

How and what is better to cover the roof, you can find out in detail on our portal, there is a whole section in which you can find answers to many questions, including recommendations for reliable insulation of the attic room.

Prices for popular types of corrugated board

Decking

Video: a detailed video tutorial on building a mansard roof

It should be noted that the work on the construction of any roof, and even more so complex as an attic, is not only responsible, but also quite dangerous, it requires special, increased security measures. If there is no experience in conducting such construction processes, then it is better to entrust their implementation to professionals or to perform all actions under the supervision of an experienced craftsman, and with the utmost care and accuracy.

When people start building a house, they rarely think about the fact that the composition of the family may soon change. What to do if additional living space is needed, and it is impossible to expand the dwelling due to outbuildings due to the small area land plot? The design of the mansard roof solves the problem of lack of space, it can be mounted on a newly rebuilt house or an existing roof can be reconstructed.

Gable attic

Sloped roof with attic

Varieties of mansard roofs

The group of mansard roofs includes all types of roofs, under the slopes of which it is possible to equip a living space. According to building codes, an attic is distinguished from an attic by a ceiling height suitable for human habitation and the presence of natural light. The following are suitable for attic installation:

Houses with a roof of any type can be equipped with an attic, however, working with a hipped, shed and asymmetric is more difficult and expensive, it is better to abandon these options in favor of more rational ones - a gable or broken roof.

Types of attic rooms

A heated attic space is a real alternative to the second residential floor of a wooden or brick house. The fact is that the increase in the number of storeys of the structure is associated with significant costs for the capital foundation and the construction of the stairs. Different attic configurations are used depending on the available area and the needs of the homeowner:

• Single-level. Under the broken or straight slopes of the gable roof, there is only one living space. The construction of this type of attic is not associated with an increase in the weight of the roof, so it is suitable for buildings under construction and reconstructed. Even a master without experience can perform the calculation and build a drawing of a single-level attic. According to building codes, the ceiling height in a residential area should be 2.5 m or more.
• Single-level with a remote console. A cantilever type mansard roof device is placed under an asymmetric roof. To increase the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe living space, part of it is taken out to the limits of the perimeter of the structure. The protruding part of the attic, based on pillars, is adapted for a canopy or garage. The roof of the house with consoles is asymmetric, the main part of the house is covered by a gable roof, and the console is a single-pitched “patch”. The console view of the attic is erected to install vertical windows for natural light. However, creating a project and drawings of such complexity is within the power of professional architects, and complex scheme rafter system is not suitable for self-assembly.
• Two-level. If the roof height exceeds 5 m, then in the attic room it is possible to equip two rooms located at different levels and connected by a staircase. This type of attic is not built on already existing houses. Two-level premises are planned at the design stage, taken into account when creating foundation drawings. The scheme of the relative position of the truss system is specially developed for the complex, asymmetric geometry of the roof slopes. The second level of the attic is based on columns, so the reliability of the structure directly depends on the correctness of the calculations and the professionalism of the architect.

Designers can create real masterpieces from cantilever and two-level attics, using the advantages of panoramic lighting, equip a greenhouse, nursery or bedroom filled with fresh air and light, however, a simple single-level design is more suitable for self-assembly.

Advantages of the attic

Homeowners try to use every opportunity to rationalize construction costs, so they do not miss the opportunity to use the space under the roof of the house. This option to increase the useful area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house has the following advantages:

1. The minimum price of 1 sq. m of living space. Due to the fact that the equipment of the attic is not associated with an increase in the cost of building a foundation, the cost of each meter in the house is cheaper than in the construction of two-story structures.
2. Rationalization of heating costs. An air pocket between the floor and ceiling of the attic, prevents the heat generated heating appliances exit through the roof. Air does not transfer heat well, so it will be warmer on the ground floor of the building, which leads to energy savings.
3. Finished look. Attic equipment makes the look of the house complete and harmonious, allows you to equip a balcony, shed or garage.
4. Construction speed. During the construction of the attic in a residential building, it is imperative to stop the operation of the first floor. The speed of installation allows you to complete work on the attic equipment within a week.
5. Minimum costs. Experienced builders say that there is no cheaper way to get a few square meters.

To equip an attic room, the length of the end wall of the building must exceed 4.5 m, and the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house is more than 7 square meters. m, the recommended proportion of height to area is ½.

Natural lighting in the attic

Availability of natural light required condition, which must be fulfilled in order for the attic room to be considered residential according to building codes. There are two ways to organize it.

When choosing windows for the attic, keep in mind that it must be in harmony with the roofing material, the total area of ​​​​windows cannot exceed a third of the surface of the slopes, and the size of the translucent structure directly depends on the angle of inclination.

Ventilation equipment

If you are going to insulate and heat the attic, it must be equipped with a forced ventilation system. The cold under-roof space is ventilated independently with the help of dormer windows. In a well-insulated attic, natural air circulation becomes difficult, which makes it stuffy, damp and uncomfortable. To avoid such problems, installation is necessary:

The location of the elements is forced ventilation system on a soft roof

A working forced ventilation system to circulate air using convection - properties warm air go upstairs, making room for the cool, taken from the street. This will increase the life of the truss system, roofing material, protect against mold and dampness, and also create pleasant microclimate in the attic.

There are ready-made drawings of mansard roofs of a standard size available for do-it-yourself installation, if you are an inexperienced builder, then it will be most reliable to stop at just such options.

Video instruction

home » Roof types » Phased construction of a mansard roof. We make a beautiful attic floor with our own hands Roof structure diagram with an attic detailed description