How to build a mansard roof with your own hands and not make mistakes. Construction of a mansard roof: differences in truss systems, installation stages, photo Construction of a mansard sloping roof with your own hands

How to build a mansard roof with your own hands. Stages of construction. Heater installation. Creation of a truss system. Construction technology.

After building the frame of the building, many want to save money and do the construction of a mansard roof with their own hands. However, in order for this process to go "without a hitch," you need to know all the nuances of installation at each stage.

Stages of work. Roof device. Types of roofing materials. Features of the truss system. Installation of lathing, waterproofing and insulation. Roof types. The correctness of the work.

Skylights

Use the entire possible area, give the house originality and significantly reduce heat loss through the roof - these are the tasks that the attic solves. If there is a certain margin of safety at the foundation, in this way you can turn cottage into two levels. It is also attractive that a do-it-yourself mansard roof can be built even without special building skills.

It is important not to make a mistake with the choice of materials and do everything according to the rules.

Windows in the usual floor are located in the walls. There are no or almost no walls in the attics. Roofing replaces them. That is why windows are made special: they not only have to let in enough light, but also withstand wind and snow loads, which are much more on the roof than on the walls.

When planning an attic, it is worth considering the recommendations of SNiP. They recommend that the window area be at least 10% of the floor area. So if the attic is divided into several rooms, each should have a window.

Of all the methods shown in the photo for arranging skylights with an attic, it is the easiest to implement inclined installation. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure the proper degree of waterproofing of the junction, as well as to use special models with a reinforced frame and reinforced glass - the load on the surface can be significant.

Benefits of a sloped roof window:

• more light, less sharp borders of light and shadow;
• the roof surface remains flat, its relief is not complicated;
• relatively easy installation.

When planning such a window, it must be remembered that its area increases with an increase in the angle of inclination.

The width of the window frame should be 4-6 cm less than the pitch between the rafters. Then it can be easily installed without disturbing the structure of the frame. If the window is wider, it is necessary to make a reinforced beam above it, calculate the load.

If you need to have a larger window, it is easier to put two narrow ones side by side. They look no worse than one big one, and there will be fewer problems.

Expert opinion

Filimonov Evgeny

Professional builder. 20 years of experience

When installing a dormer window, the geometry of the roof becomes more complicated: a valley appears on top and on the sides. Because of this, the truss system becomes more complex in both planning and assembly.

The complexity of laying roofing also increases. All valleys are the places of the most probable occurrence of leaks. That is why it is necessary to do everything very carefully. In regions with a lot of snow, it is advisable to install snow retainers above such windows: so that they are not blown away during a sharp descent.

The advantage of such a window: near it you can stand in full growth. But they let in less light, the terrain becomes more difficult and the roof becomes more problematic.

A recessed window is usually used if an exit to a balcony is made through it. In other cases, this method of device is not the best option: little light enters, the shadows are very deep, which is tiring for the eye, the geometry also becomes more complicated, although not to the same extent as in the previous version.

The easiest way is to make a window in the end part of the attic. In this case, a reinforced frame or reinforced glass is not needed. Quite simply high-quality glasses are enough. It is this option that can most often be seen in country attics: this is the most inexpensive option, which is easily implemented with your own hands.

truss system

At self construction private houses with an attic usually choose a sloping roof. It allows you to get a room of a significant area, larger than under the gable.

The design of the sloping mansard roof is such that the overhangs can be lowered quite low, giving the house an interesting look. But the long overhang of the roof is not only a decorative role. They also cover the upper part of the wall from precipitation and divert the bulk of the water away from the foundation. Although when planning, you need to keep in mind that in strong winds they increase the windage. Because of this, it is necessary to use more powerful boards and beams. Therefore, the size of the roof overhang is chosen based on several considerations, the main of which is weather conditions.

Tilt angle

It depends on the roofing material, but most of all - on the region and weather conditions. The classic version is shown in the figure: the lower slopes in relation to the plane of the attic floor are inclined by 60 °, the upper ones - by 30 °. Based on these data and the parameters of your building, all lengths can be calculated. Just keep in mind that according to SNiP, the ceiling height in the attic cannot be less than 2 m. Then, by definition, this is an attic. A person will feel comfortable if the ceiling is raised to a height of at least 2.2-2.3 m. Based on this, according to the rules of geometry, calculate the required lengths.

In the classic version, the load from precipitation on the side surfaces may not be taken into account. Precipitation can only be held on the upper part, the angle of inclination of which is less than 45 °.

In general, the slope of the side surfaces usually ranges between 45° and up to 80°. The steeper the slope, the greater the windage it has, this must be taken into account: in regions with strong winds, it is better to make flatter roofs. Then the wind loads will be perceived much better.

Types of rafter systems of broken roofs

For the manufacture of a sloping roof frame with their own hands, pine lumber is most often used, the grade is not lower than 2. The choice of the section of timber and boards depends on the size of the roof, the selected roofing (its weight), wind and snow load in the region, the installation step of the rafters. All these parameters are taken into account in the calculation. The technique is prescribed in SNiP 2.08.01-89 and TCP 45-5.05-146-2009.

For a small-sized building, the roof frame can be generally simple: at the top there are two hanging rafter legs, a puff, floor beams, racks and side rafters

Attempts to use the attic as residential space have been made by our compatriots for a long time. But in those days there were no effective and easy-to-install heaters, modern innovative membranes were not produced to maintain optimal parameters of relative humidity in the room and reliable heaters, roofing materials did not allow creating roofs with the required operational parameters. As a result, the attic rooms were used for living only in the warm period of time, in winter the microclimate indicators became uncomfortable. Today the situation has changed for the better, mansard-type roofs are widespread.

Developers were able to significantly increase living space buildings with a relatively small capital investment. A big variety architectural projects allows you to choose exactly the style that is currently considered relevant and in demand. If desired, you can order an exclusive mansard roof project, this approach allows you to build a prestigious building.

It is strongly not recommended to start the construction of a mansard-type roof without the full availability of all building materials and accessories. Insufficiency causes a stoppage of work, and this always has Negative influence not only on the general terms of building a house, but also on the quality of architectural elements. To purchase materials, financial resources are needed, their specific amount can be calculated only when the developer has fully decided on the type of roof and the list of additional elements.

What affects the estimated cost of a mansard roof?

A significant impact on the cost of a mansard roof is provided by the qualifications of the performers. Oddly enough, it will be found out that the relationship is the opposite of the expected one - the higher the professionalism of the roofers, the cheaper the construction will cost, despite the fact that you have to pay increased wages. This is due to several factors.

1. Achieved savings in building materials. For experienced roofers, the amount of non-productive waste is minimal, which favorably affects the roof estimate.

   

2. The quality of work is increasing. The higher the quality, the longer the service life, the lower the risk of leaks and other unpleasant situations while living in the house. Troubleshooting requires not only time, but also significant funds. The conclusion is that the increased finances invested during construction pay off many times over during the operation of the building.

   

3. Deadlines are decreasing. The complexity of the work on the construction of a mansard-type roof lies not only in the technology itself, but also depending on climatic conditions. A period of stable good weather is chosen, but no one can give an accurate forecast. The longer the roof is being built, the greater the risk that the weather will worsen. Wetting of the structures of a house under construction is never without negative consequences; significant amounts are required to eliminate them.

   

Prices for building boards

Building boards

Types of mansard roofs

It is impossible to give a complete classification, individual changes are allowed in each project, specific decisions are made by the developer. Consider only the main types of mansard-type roofs according to the generally accepted classification.

Shed

Most simple designs, occur infrequently. Attic rooms with limited dimensions due to low height, opposite walls are located at different levels. Such mansard roofs are recommended to be installed in small cottages, baths, garages and other outbuildings.

gable

The most common, have a huge number of options, can be symmetrical (horse in the middle of the building) or asymmetrical. Gables on the line facade walls or shifted inside the attic to equip the attic balcony. The angle of inclination of the slopes should provide a convenient height for the residents of the premises. Gable roofs can be simple and broken.

Broken lines have a more complex design, but make it possible to significantly increase the usable volume of attic spaces. It is this type that currently has the widest popularity among developers. Broken roofs for the attic are used not only in the construction of cottages, but also in relatively small buildings.

Hip (four-slope)

The most complex roof structures are installed on houses with a large area. They differ in increased parameters of resistance to wind and snow loads, they can be simple four-slope and complex multi-gable. These types of roofs are used only on prestigious buildings, the most qualified roofers are involved in the construction.

Mansard roofs with balconies

Recommends to put on large houses, somewhat limit the internal attic space. Balconies can be open and closed, the size and material of the platforms depends on the material of the facade walls.

If you have taken into account the above factors, purchased materials and additional components, resolved issues with builders, then you can start building a mansard roof.

The roof of the mansard type must be strong, and its truss system must withstand heavy loads. We offer you to get acquainted with detailed information about the design of mansard roofs on our website. you can study the drawings and step by step guide for the installation of rafters.

Bar prices

Step-by-step instructions for building a mansard roof

For example, we will consider the simplest version of the mansard roof - a gable roof without special windows and exits to the balcony. The truss system is already installed, it is no different from the usual.

Eat two options for arranging living quarters in the attic, each has its own strengths and weaknesses.

The first stage in the construction of a mansard-type roof is the installation of an insulating pie. Extremely responsible work, perform them with strict observance of building codes and regulations.

Mansard roof insulation

Step 1. Nail slats about 4-5 cm thick to the rafters.

The fact is that during the construction of the roof for the rafters, boards 150 mm wide were used, this size is not enough for a warm roof. Even if the thickness of the insulation is 15 cm, then it is necessary to provide a gap between it and the vapor barrier to remove excess moisture.

Important. Insulation thickness of 150mm is considered the minimum for the middle climatic zone; in regions with a colder climate, this parameter increases to 200–250 mm. No need to save money on the thickness of the insulation, it always has very negative consequences.

Step 2 soak everything wooden elements truss system with an antiseptic.

For an ordinary roof, this is not necessary, it can only get wet from natural precipitation, and there is protection from them. In addition, in a non-residential attic there is always effective natural ventilation. A completely different situation on the roof of the mansard type. The warm layer is closed on both sides; when moisture enters, its evaporation occurs very slowly. Long stay of wooden structures in conditions high humidity accelerates the processes of decay by an order of magnitude, they require mandatory additional protection.

Not all types of impregnation are noticeable on the tree after drying, this complicates the process, there is no way to control the quality of work. To facilitate the work, it is recommended to add color to the solution; it can be purchased at any hardware store.

You can process lumber with an air gun, roller or brush. The choice of tools depends on the amount of materials and the preferences of the master.

Step 3 After the impregnation dries, fix the vapor barrier on the rafters. These are very responsible works, the effectiveness of the thermal insulation of the mansard roof and the durability of the building operation depend on their quality. The task of vapor barrier is to prevent the penetration of warm and humid air from attic rooms into mineral wool. The fact is that wet mineral wool conducts heat perfectly, which dramatically increases heat loss. In addition, prolonged contact of wet wool with wooden structures increases the likelihood of fungi and rot, and these processes are considered the main enemies of the truss system.

It is attached to the rafter legs from top to bottom, due to this the amount of moist air entering through the overlaps is reduced, it moves up and does not enter the cracks. To increase the density, the joints need to be glued, modern vapor barrier materials have special strips with an applied substance of increased adhesion. If you are using cheap materials, then you can use ordinary double-sided tape to glue the joints.

Pay special attention to the exits of chimneys, skylights and doors, in these places it is very difficult to make hermetic insulation. Do not rush, do some operations twice.

Important. Carefully look at which side you need to nail the vapor barrier. On each package, the manufacturer indicates the recommended position. If it is not followed, then the protection does not work.

Step 4 Nail the rails, materials are fixed to them interior decoration attic rooms. Another function of the rails is to hold the insulation material. In our case, this is mineral wool, and it has a rather large mass and requires reliable support.

The process of fixing the rails on the slopes of the attic

Step 5 Install the drippers in place, waterproofing will be glued to them. If there are no factory ones, then they can be made independently from galvanized sheet metal.

It is not a problem that the elements have an unattractive appearance, in the future they are completely covered by a gutter and are invisible from the ground. Droppers are nailed to the outer battens of the crate, the lower edge should fall into the gutter, the edge of the waterproofing film will be glued to the upper horizontal one.

Now start laying the insulation.

Prices for material for vapor barrier

Vapor barrier material

Mineral wool installation

If the mineral wool has been in the package for a long time, then it is recommended to release it, let it lie in a free state for several hours and take its original forms.

Practical advice. In the implementation there are heaters with a thickness of 5 cm and up to 20 cm. If the thickness of the wool on your roof is 15 cm, then it is recommended to buy material 5 cm thick and lay it in three layers. During laying, the joints of the lower layers are overlapped by the upper ones, due to this technology, the overall heat losses are reduced.

Step 1. Lay the first layer of cotton wool, the length of the strips is factory, the thickness is five centimeters. Make sure that there are no gaps anywhere, if there are problem areas, then they need to be sealed in segments.

Step 2 Lay the second layer of mineral wool. To offset the seams, cut the first strip in half and start from the half. In the future, use whole strips.

Step 3 The third layer starts with a whole strip, due to this, the joint will again shift by half the length.

To make it easier to move around pitched roof during the laying of the insulation, it is recommended to fill the bars with a size of approximately 50 × 50 mm on the rafters in various places. After completion of work, they are removed.

Step 4 Start laying, the first strip is fixed from below, it must be positioned in such a way that the edge is attached to the dropper. The material is fixed with a stapler to the rafters. Do not pull it strongly, leave a sagging between the rafters of about 2-3 cm. Condensation will drain through it, the counter-lattice rails will remain dry.

Step 5 After the waterproofing is done, nail it with slats at least 5 cm thick - the minimum gap to ensure ventilation of the under-roof space. This is an important parameter, it is necessary to fulfill it.

Waterproofing is fixed with rails

Step 6 Install the counter grille. The distance between the boards is selected depending on the parameters of the metal tiles, in most cases it is 35 cm. The condensate flows freely along the waterproofing into the gutter, the elements of the counter-lattice remain dry, warm air from mineral wool is not blown.

The arrow in the photo shows a template - an ordinary bar, which is used for the convenience of attaching horizontal rails. The template for controlling the distance between the rails looks like an ordinary piece of board of the required length, insert the template between the rails before screwing them

Control grid. Gap between rails and waterproofing

If everything is done correctly, then the thermal insulation effectively copes with its tasks, the mansard roof allows you to maintain a comfortable microclimate in rooms with little loss of thermal energy. This is very important at the present time with ever-increasing energy prices. The counter-lattice is ready, you need to start mounting the roof.

Do not forget to leave a pocket for ventilation at the skate. Horizontal stripes do not arrive until the very end, leave about 20 cm. It is then covered with a longitudinal piece with slots of at least five centimeters along the entire length of the slope. The piece is nailed onto the counter-lattice, due to this, a gap is formed for the removal of moist air from the insulation.

Prices for mineral wool

Installation of a roof on a mansard roof

Before starting installation, you need to attach some. The specific list depends on the feature and manufacturer, in most cases it is necessary to fix the brackets for fixing the gutter and the cornice strips.

Don't forget to endure minimum slope gutter, it should be about a centimeter per linear meter.

A mesh must be installed between the drip and the counter-lattice, it protects the under-roof space from the penetration of birds and large insects.

You can start from either side of the slope, but it is better from the leeward side. The edges are aligned along the cornice line with an overhang of ≈ 5 cm. To align, you need to put the first sheet on one self-tapping screw, snap the second one to it with a lock and turn them together for final alignment. Some roofers recommend that a third sheet be installed for guarantee and verification, and only then fix the roof. Each master chooses the technology at his own discretion, taking into account personal experience.

Installation of roofing material

Practical advice. Screw in the screws correctly. Control the right angle, do not pinch the rubber gasket and do not leave it loose. Hardware is screwed in a checkerboard pattern, on square meter at least seven pieces.

After the installation of all sheets is completed, the ridge is finished; for this, there are special metal additional elements. At the final stage, wind (end) strips are attached. The roof is ready, you can finish installing the drainage system, check the functionality and hand over the work.

Video - Construction of a mansard gable roof

Surely, sooner or later, every owner of a private house comes up with the idea of ​​arranging an attic roof - the so-called attic. It allows you to expand the space of the building, thereby preserving the treasured meters of the site itself. In addition, if you show a little imagination in the construction and decoration of this part of the house, then a non-standard and attractive look will delight not only guests, but also ordinary passers-by. You can learn how to competently combine all the requirements for the safety of construction and an individual design plan from this article.

What it is?

Many people associate the image of the attic with the bohemian creative life of Paris, whose representatives - writers, musicians and artists - lived on the topmost dimly lit and unheated floors. In the literal sense, these were utility rooms that the poor could only afford.

Today, the presence and design of the mansard roof speaks of the wealth and sense of taste of the owner. The architectural geometry of the roof, unusual combinations of window openings and balconies will not only highlight a private house among others, but also functionally increase the living space, eliminating the cost of another floor.

Also, the room can affect the reduction of heat loss of the building. Officially, according to all standards, the attic must have a height of at least 2.5 m from the floor level, otherwise it will be considered an attic.

When building a mansard roof in Russia, one should remember about the peculiarities of natural conditions - rather frosty winters with frequent temperature changes require special attention to the quality of insulation of the attic room.

Device Features

The design features of the attic oblige to adhere to some rules:

• soundproofing;
• reliable insulation and vapor barrier;
• no stretch marks and bevels;
• ventilation gap;
• functional and aesthetic combination with the overall exterior of the house.

At the same time, compliance with all the rules does not limit the choice of options for all kinds of designs of the structure itself: single-pitched, double-pitched, broken, two-level, conical roofs, with or without a balcony, mid-pivot or balcony skylights. Lots of variations. For reliability and safety, it is important to choose the type of roof, calculate the dimensions, the amount of insulation and roofing materials.

Comfortable living in the attic directly depends on thermal insulation which will allow you to enjoy a slight coolness in summer and keep warm in winter. Consider the method of laying the "pie" of the mansard roof, which will serve not only as a heater and the base of the roof, but also as protection against all surfaces inside the attic floor - the ceiling, floor and walls. It is important to first draw up an attic plan with all communications and an indication of the thermal conductivity of the materials from which the building and load-bearing coatings were erected. Only after this is the selection and calculation of the insulation made.

Particular attention should be paid to the indispensable presence and exact sequence of each layer of the "pie" of attic insulation:

1. vapor barrier layer;
2. insulation;
3. ventilation gap;
4. waterproofing material;
5. roofing.

In this list, the layer of insulation and ventilation are especially important. The following materials can be used as a heater.

Styrofoam

A modern demanded material with a low density, but at the same time high strength. Differs in soundproofing, does not give in to corrosion and does not attract dust. However, a significant disadvantage is the high flammability and the release of toxic substances. If we dwell on this insulation, then the foam layer must be protected by at least 3 cm of a fire-retardant structure, for example, with a two-layer drywall. In addition, the foam is susceptible to the influence of rodents.

Mineral wool

The most common material for attic insulation. Among her characteristic features- resistance to temperature extremes, fire safety, high sound and heat insulation, harmlessness from an environmental point of view. It can be purchased in the form of a roll, plate or mat. The latter is recommended as an attic insulation. The material certainly needs good ventilation.

polyurethane foam

The main advantages are durability, long-term use, not susceptible to moisture, mold, suitable for any surface, non-toxic. But behind all the advantages lies the high cost and the work of exclusively specialists with equipment.

It must be remembered that the thickness of the insulation layer is determined depending on the climatic zone.

To insulate the attic you will need:

• waterproofing film;
• insulation material;
• vapor barrier;
• mounting tape;
• cord (nylon);
• nails;
• hammer;
• pliers;
• sharp knife.

The thermal insulation of a room is directly related to the quality, type and size of skylights; their structures are usually placed between the roof rafters in order to avoid costly reconstructions. Therefore, in choosing it is important to focus on the available dimensions. Among other things, you need to take into account the height of the slopes, the total area and purpose of the room.

standard sizes roof windows are considered to be 78x118, 78x140, 78x160 cm and more enlarged - 94x140, 114x118 and 114x140 cm.

In the event that the rafters are installed closer than the established frame standards, it is likely that a custom-made window will be required, which, of course, will affect costs.

According to the way of opening roof windows are divided into:

• mid-turn structures;
• with side axle
• raised axis of rotation;
• with bottom axle
• the combined axis allowing to turn a leaf on 180º.

The most popular option among Russian summer residents is with a central axis of rotation. As advantages - ease of use (such windows are easy to clean).

A separate variety is represented by windows on remote control, which will be convenient if the location does not allow you to reach them yourself. Often equipped with rain sensors.

Depending on the model, several types of windows can be distinguished.

• Vertical. They are mounted in a special so-called attic "birdhouse", because of which you have to slightly change the roof structure. However, they guarantee a large amount of light.

• Balcony attic. They are two wings, when opened, one rises, the lower one moves forward, forming a miniature parapet. Just like the previous model, they require a lot of money.

It should be noted that if possible bearing walls you can also make a hanging balcony, which can be located either on columns serving and decorating in front of the entrance, or you can move the pediment (part of the end wall between the roof slopes and the cornice) of the attic floor from the bearing wall, and make the roof of the protrusion by continuing the roof to the level of the outer walls.

• Extensions. Decorative window tops. They fit perfectly into the design and most often have a round, semicircular or triangular shape.

• Light tunnel. It combines a reflective tunnel into the room and a ceiling lamp directly in the room itself, which evenly scatters light.

• Cornice models. They are located at a right angle in the gap between the wall with the roof.

• Glazed bay window. A rather exotic and costly glazing model. The structure extends beyond the plane of the wall.

Leading Russian manufacturers of high-quality roof windows are Velux, Fakro, Roto. Velux models are slightly more expensive. For example, a window measuring 78 cm will cost 21-24 thousand rubles, wider - from 26 thousand.

Also, do not forget about some additional useful accessories:

• blackout curtains;
• roller shutters, blinds;
• heat-absorbing nets;
• mosquito nets.

According to the established norms, the glazed area should be at least 10% of the floor area.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of the attic floor can rightly be considered:

• Profitability. The attic allows you to reduce the cost of heating the room. The air space between the floor and ceiling of the attic does not allow the generated heat to escape through the roof. The low thermal conductivity of the air allows the preservation more heat on the first floor.
• The savings on the completion of another floor or an increase in living space due to the expansion of the foundation are also obvious. The attic allows you to get constructive additional space at minimal cost.
• aesthetic appeal. Undoubtedly, the attic with the complexity and expressiveness of the roof gives the building a harmonious, architectural and finished look.
• Construction speed. Such an extension will not last for several years, as is often the case with the expansion of the foundation. Installation can be completed within a week.

In addition to the advantages, there are also disadvantages.

• Savings on heating and replacing the second floor with an attic in the future will result in a pretty penny. The room provides for the installation of specialized windows, which are much more expensive than ordinary ones.
• Sloped ceilings reduce the height of the walls.

• The vulnerability of the structure is due to the fact that the attic takes on all the main "impacts" of nature, and therefore needs increased attention and periodic inspection. If it is necessary to repair or replace the insulation, damage to the finish along with the vapor barrier cannot be avoided.
• A complex coal roof leads to the formation of hard-to-ventilate areas, which negatively affects the quality of the coating.
• Individual requirements for hydro- and thermal insulation.

Problems that can be encountered during the construction of the attic:

Undoubtedly, the ideal option for the attic would be to include it in the project drawing even before the start of construction work at home. But often the idea of ​​​​an attic comes with the need to expand the usable living space after a certain period of use. In this case, one has to deal with the choice of the type of construction. There are such types of mansard roofs.

Shed

The usual uncomplicated attic with one corner of the roof and one full wall, which allows you to expand the area. The most successful angle of inclination in this variant is in the region of 35°-45°. Otherwise, it may lead to the accumulation of a large amount of snow. The slope is located on the windy side. At the same time, window frames can be placed both on an inclined roofing surface and on the main vertical wall. However, this design is not used so often, because due to the norms of wall heights of more than 2.5 m, the slope turns out to be very steep. And this requires strengthening the frame of the rafters and, therefore, extra costs. However, such a roof looks rather non-standard.

gable

more rational and best option due to the uniform rise of the ceiling, in contrast to the shed model. Two roof slopes are located at the same angle to the walls. For a rational distribution of space, 45 ° is enough. It is also divided into subspecies: symmetrical with a ridge above the middle of the house and asymmetric with a shift from the center. The pediments in this version are straight, and the room takes the form of a trapezoid. Such an attic can be equipped with a balcony at the end, and the design of the structure itself allows you to get rid of the “cubism” typical for a house. However, this also seems to be a significant disadvantage, limiting the area of ​​​​the attic space on the sides. As an exit, you can provide this space for pantries or cabinets.

broken line

The most common type in the construction of the attic without the involvement of specialists. In fact, the same gable structure, but built from two parts located under different slopes. The advantage of a broken shape can be considered the ability to avoid the formation of uninhabitable "dead" zones at the junction of walls and ceiling, as in a gable structure. By reducing the angle of inclination, the height of the walls increases. And the presence of two slopes allows you to reduce the load on the roof.

When choosing this option, it is important to pay attention to the special tipping truss system.

With remote consoles

This design provides for the displacement of the vertical wall of the attic to the edge of the facade of the house or beyond. This feature allows you to significantly expand the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room. The rafters are reinforced with struts and rest on floor beams that protrude beyond the load-bearing walls. vertical wall provides a flight for imagination in the choice of window design.

Two-level

This type of attic is designed exclusively together with the dwelling and is considered the most complex structure. Represents several rooms different levels and is not some separate part of the building, but a full-fledged room in the structure of the whole house. With this design, it turns out not a one-story attic, but two additional mini-floors. special attention requires a preliminary calculation of the load on the walls and truss system.

Multi-gable roof

The intricacy of the design is expressed in a whole complex of angular protrusions. The non-standard appearance, the strength of the truss structure and the absence of accumulation of precipitation are priority over the difficulties of design and increase in calculations. However, such characteristics require the work of exclusively specialized personnel. And the cost of such a mansard roof significantly exceeds the prices of other types of structures.

Four-slope

This design of the roof of the house is considered the most attractive. In addition, it is very convenient to maintain - precipitation almost does not accumulate on it, and due to the inclined design, the wind does not carry a large load, as a result of which such a roof will last longer. However, during construction, you will have to significantly spend money on warming such an attic. But there will not be so much usable living space due to the sloping ceiling on all four sides.

hip

They are a typical version of a four-pitched type of roof. A comfortable and spacious space is obtained by increasing the area of ​​​​the two facade slopes of the house, made in the form of a trapezoid. Hips are also called slopes from the end of the building in the form of triangles. The semi-hip construction is a slope that does not reach from the ridge to the eaves. This type of roof is used infrequently, since the truss system is one of the most expensive and complex.

Shatrovaya

A suitable option for a square-shaped house. The roof in this design is the slopes of the same parameters and requires arrangement by specialists. Among the options are 4 or more slopes, in the form of a dome or pyramid.

Asymmetrical

It turns out as a result of lengthening one of the surfaces of the roof. Such an attic looks both outside and inside very non-standard. Behind the seemingly simple roof displacement lies a detailed calculation of the load parameters for each wall. Living space in such a room will be unevenly distributed depending on the side and angle of the roof.

With "cuckoo"

"Cuckoos" in this case are called small protrusions in the shape of a triangle, where windows are most often located. Moreover, on one slope there may be several such structures with individual truss systems. The shape of the structure can be completely different, both one- and four-slope.

L-shaped

Quite an inexpensive option for a roof with a non-standard look. Most often, two gable roofs are used for this, docking with each other at a right angle, which is the most difficult structural unit. Of course, such models are mainly used in buildings of a similar shape.

Having listed the main forms of attic structures, it should be added that combinations of such roofs are also possible. Let's say a shed can be erected as a broken line. The most important thing in this case is to comply with all operational and design requirements during construction.

Shapes and sizes

The construction of the attic floor also has variability in terms of the implementation of various architectural forms the premises itself. The geometry of the attic room can be triangular or broken, cubic or L-shaped, symmetrical or asymmetric, one-story or two-level, occupy the entire space of the house, only partly or even with removal outside the load-bearing walls based on columns. Lots of alternatives. Complex design involves the correct calculations of dimensions and the preparation of a construction plan.

Calculating the exact parameters of the attic floor area involves a number of preliminary calculations. To draw up a project, it is required to schematically divide the space into simple geometric shapes: trapezoids, rectangles, parallelograms, squares, triangles, and after calculating the area of ​​each of them, add up the results. This principle applies to almost all attic structures. And if all the height standards (at least 2.5 m) of the attic are met, then the floor area should be at least 16 m².

It should be noted that in addition to the established height parameters, where such calculations are possible, there are attics of other sizes:

• attic in the range from 0.8 to 1.5 m;
• semi-attic less than 0.8 m.

In such cases, or when the slope of the roof is quite significant, the following formula is applied:

P \u003d AxL + 2Bx0.7L

P \u003d L (A + 1.4B),

where P is the area;

L - the length of the attic plane;

A - floor width for walls above 1.1 m;

B - floor width for walls above 0.8 m.

The usable living area is calculated from the points on the ceiling, located 90 cm perpendicular to the floor. The rest is considered a "dead" zone.

Such formulas allow both to calculate the strength and weight of the structure, and to determine the amount and type of material used.

Thanks to modern technologies today it is quite possible to carry out calculations of the parameters of the mansard roof online. To do this, you need to enter data on the type of attic, scheme roof frame, material of a roof and a heater.

truss system

The converted truss system is the key difference between mansard roofs and others. This already heavy structure can withstand the weight of the roof, floor beams, the load of the attic floor, and precipitation. Therefore, only one that is made in compliance with all requirements can be considered a reliable and durable system.

One of the basic rules is that the system should provide for an even distribution of pressure on the base and load-bearing walls.

Only high-quality, well-dried and antiseptic-treated wood is used. The optimal parameters of the rafters are 100 × 100 mm in cross section, they will create a weather-resistant structure.

Cutting a tree into the lower crown is strictly prohibited. The slope of the rafters is in the range from 30°–60°. For their fastening, exclusively rigid metallic materials(corners, staples, nails).

Particular attention should be paid to the pitch of the rafters, since the choice of the width of the insulation and the size of the windows located between the two rafters depend on this. It is worth adding that the step width between them should be 3 cm less than the width of the insulation to reduce waste.

All of the above requirements are met regardless of the choice of one of the types of construction of the truss system, which is of the following types.

hanging

Differs in economy and a practicality. This design rests on the side walls of the structure, and the rafter legs are fastened with horizontal jumpers for rigidity - crossbars, which also serve as the basis for the ceiling. The advantage is the location of the main elements of the system outside the used part of the room, which allows you to expand the usable space.

When installing such a system, you should pay attention to the fact that:

• roof overhang supports should not fall on the bottom, brought out beyond the bearing walls, rafter legs;
• for roof rigidity, a wind board should be nailed between the ridge and the Mauerlat;
• the moisture content of the rafter wood should not exceed 15%. Otherwise, the system may lose stability. If such material is nevertheless used, then it is better to connect it with the help of bolts, which, if necessary, can be tightened.

Layered

It is used in attics with a load-bearing partition in the center of the room, which is an additional support. Most often, such a system is used for large areas of the house and heavy roofing materials. The design principle consists in laying a plank on the inner walls, which acts instead of a Mauerlat, and installing a special rack to support the ridge run.

Features of the arrangement of the layered system:

• the thickness of each element is from 5 cm;
• all nodes are smooth and located exclusively in the proper places according to the project;
• the connection of the Mauerlat and the rafter leg is strictly horizontal;
• symmetry in the position of racks and struts;
• reliable and high-quality ventilation;
• waterproofing at the junction of knots and masonry;
• the length of the rafter leg without support - up to 4.5 m.

The independent design of the truss system provides for the implementation of a certain order and requirements:

• Mounting the Mauerlat (the base of the rafter system over the area of ​​​​the house). The strength of the fastening with the lower slings will protect against a “roof failure” in the literal sense of this expression. The material used is dry processed bars with a section of 150x100 mm. Mauerlat transfers some of the load of the truss system to the walls.
• The base of the beams is laid horizontally, always using a level. Fastens to walls with bolts or brackets.
• The waterproofing layer is located on the crowns, columns of the frame building or on the brickwork. You can use roofing felt, roofing material, bitumen.

• Frame racks. Ideally even vertical and horizontal racks are fastened with staples or nails to long beams, insulation is placed between the vertical ones. Before continuing work, it is mandatory to check the racks for mobility - they should not loosen. Otherwise, strengthen with braces or screeds.
• Runs fasten the rafter legs. There is a ridge run on top, side ones on the side. If the length of the rafter legs is less than 8 m, it is not necessary to install a ridge. An element that performs its functions can be stretch marks that fix the attic ceiling.
• The final stage of the construction of the system is the fastening of the crate.

undeniable importance for roofing system has a crate that takes on all its load.

It consists of bars laid perpendicular to the legs of the rafters. And it is used here various material depending on the type of coating: boards, timber, plywood, tes. Although usually a 40–50 mm edged board is used for this. Soft types of cover suggest a continuous crate, and with harder materials, a distance between the boards of 25–40 cm is provided.

All rafters are connected at the highest point of the roof - the ridge. The ridge gives the whole structure rigidity and stability. Therefore, it is obvious that the duration of operation of the entire roof depends on the reliability of this part of the system.

The connection of the rafters, and, consequently, the formation of the ridge, occurs with the help of such fasteners:

• overlap is formed by laying rafters on top of each other and connecting through fasteners;
• cutting into half a tree as a result of laying rafters, in which half the thickness and fastening are selected at the edges;
• trimming the end sides of the bars involves the imposition of rafters on top of each other and trimming in a mirror image at one angle.

In the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe ridge, the rafters are fixed with overlays of plates made of wood or metal, metal corners, staples, staples, wooden wedges, nail plates. During the construction of the rafter system, the installation of such an important part of the house as the cornice is carried out. To do this, either the length of the rafters increases, or a filly is used.

Among his primary tasks:

• protection of walls from moisture and dirt;
• partially eliminates the ingress of water and snow from the roof to the foundation of the building, preventing blur;
• harmonious and finished look general design roofs of the house.

building requirements

The design of the attic floor involves the following requirements:

• interconnection of communications of the attic space and the whole house;
• the selected material for the attic must be technically and harmoniously connected with the building material;

• compliance of the plan of the additional floor with the design of the building;
• compliance with safety rules when carrying out work with the presence of people in a residential area;
• strict adherence to fire safety rules;
• compliance of the light-transparent fence with the general concept of the building style.

Mounting technology

Assembly of all elements attic space happens in this order:

• the calculation of the strength of the building is best done with the involvement of specialists;
• preparation of the attic and roof project can also take place with the participation of qualified people or on the basis of a ready-made version;
• dismantling of the old roof, if it is no longer a new building that is being rebuilt;

• the manufacture of a wooden truss frame is one of the most difficult points in the construction of an attic;
• it is necessary to verify the accuracy of the erection with the help of a cord stretched between the arches, which ideally should be in a horizontal position;
• fixing the arches with each other with nail plates or stamping corners;
• vapor barrier material inside rafter systems, fixed with building brackets;
• a layer of insulation tightly adjacent to the rafters;
• installation of the crate on the insulation material is carried out using wooden bars;

• waterproofing is laid on the outside of the rafter system - often a plastic film is used for this, and another layer of boards is stuffed on top of this layer;

• for natural ventilation of the space under the roof, special cavities are arranged between the hydro and thermal insulation layers in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe cornice, which are displayed at the top of the ridge;
• overlapping the frame with roofing material, depending on the preferences of the owner of the house.

Among the options for finishing coating, you can consider the following options:

• Metal tiles are used not only because of their attractive appearance. This material is excellent value for money. Durable, light in both installation and weight. Reliably withstands shock, but at the same time it transmits all sounds well, which is the main drawback.

Expansion of living space in a private house after construction will cause a lot of problems, including redevelopment and related costs. But if you urgently need an extra room, there is a way out. Do-it-yourself mansard roof, erected above the house, allows you to increase the living space without completing the construction of an additional floor.

The mansard roof is somewhat different from the usual one. Its design is focused on obtaining the desired volume and height of the room. To achieve this goal, the attic is most often made according to a gable broken pattern.

The shape, angle of inclination and design that a sloping roof has are influenced by such factors:

• the height of the snow cover and the maximum level of precipitation in your area - the higher it is, the greater the angle of inclination of the slopes should be;
• estimated thickness of sound and heat insulation - a thick layer of insulation has a decent weight, which entails the need for additional fasteners;
• in some cases, do-it-yourself installation of a mansard roof involves the addition of an external flight of stairs, which may also affect its design.

Technical terms and safety rules

Do-it-yourself sloping roof is assembled from elements, most of which have their own historical names:

• A bar placed along the walls, playing the role of a support for the rafters, is called a Mauerlat.
• wooden bars, forming a roof slope, are called rafters.
• The stiffeners connecting the individual rafters and distributing the load force between them form a suspension.
• Flat boards, plywood, chipboard and other materials on which tiles, corrugated board or similar are laid roofing material, is called a crate.

When working at height, it is very important to take care of your own safety. For this you should:

• use a fastening belt;
• carefully fix the scaffolding during installation;
• do not leave unattended, especially switched on, electric and other tools;
• watch for assistants when lifting and moving heavy loads and it is advisable to always be in their visibility zone;
• do not leave loose parts on the roof slopes;
• try not to be distracted by other things when working at height.

Do-it-yourself attic photo: frame construction

Mansard roofs begin to be built from the base - Mauerlat. It is laid along the top of the walls to bind the box of the house and the roof structure. If the house is not brick, but made of wood, or its last floor is crowned with a wooden part, then the upper log or beam can serve as a Mauerlat.

The connection of the wall and the base in this case is carried out by means of large brackets, powerful overlays, nails or ties. To the old brickwork or a concrete wall, the studs or anchors on which the Mauerlat beam sits are driven tightly, and during construction new wall- mounted during the masonry process.

Mauerlat is made only from coniferous wood. The bar has a section of 100 - 150 square centimeters. Coniferous wood is distinguished by its durability, resistance to stress and higher resistance to air humidity.

There must be waterproofing between the Mauerlat and the wall.

It can be a layer of thick roofing felt or a durable waterproof membrane. Thanks to waterproofing, the roof with an attic will be protected from excessive moisture and wood damage. When installing the Mauerlat, it is necessary to ensure a strict horizontal of its surface. It will become the basis for setting the verticals and horizontals of the roof structure.

Floor beams are laid on the base so that their ends protrude 30-50 cm beyond the wall line. They are made of coniferous wood, from a bar with a cross section of at least 100x200 mm. The fastening of the beams to the Mauerlat is done steel corners, staples and other and durable hardware.

For greater strength at the junction of the bars, you can choose pockets of recesses and lay them with one layer of roofing material. To ensure the horizontal, it is better to first lay the two extreme beams, and level the rest along the stretched cord. Alignment is done by trimming and knocking small wedges, wooden spacers under the bars.

According to accepted standards, the step between the beams can vary from 50 to 100 cm. In practice, do-it-yourself construction of a mansard roof is tied to the dimensions of the materials used, and the step between the beams is adjusted to the width of the interfloor sheet sound and heat insulating material, for example, construction wool. The ends protruding beyond the wall are treated with water-repellent protective preparations.

The racks on which the logs will rest are vertically installed on the floor beams. They are made of timber 100x100 or 100x150 mm. The vertical position of the racks is controlled by a level or a plumb line. The construction of the attic requires mandatory control of the placement of the upper ends of the racks in the same horizontal plane.

Fixing is done by temporary or permanent slopes, both in the longitudinal and transverse directions, in relation to the axial section of the roof. For jibs, any sufficiently strong boards or trimmings of thin timber are taken. The result is two rows of racks, equal in height and parallel to each other.

On top of them, in line with the Mauerlat, runs are laid - boards with a section of 50x150 mm. Usually they account for the fracture of the roof. There are others Constructive decisions, but such a broken mansard roof with your own hands is the easiest to implement.

Runs of parallel rows are interconnected by puffs. The puff-purlin-beam system forms a rigid skeleton of a rectangular living space. Puffs work in tension and do not carry a transverse load. Therefore, for them, you can take the thickness of the board 50 mm, and the crossbar - 150 mm. To eliminate sagging, it is installed on the edge.

rafters

The construction of a mansard-type roof itself begins with the construction of the truss system. With sufficient experience, it is better to assemble the rafters on the ground and feed them upward for their consistent fixing on the girders and Mauerlat. An easier, but time-consuming way is to collect them locally right at the top.

In this case, each board of the lower rafters is applied and cut in place, after which it is attached in the lower part to the base and protruding parts of the beams, and at the top to the girders. Horizontal installation is controlled by a stretched rope. Fastening is carried out with nails, wood screws, steel plates and brackets. The lower part of the rafter leg should extend 30-50 cm beyond the wall. This will be the basis for knocking out the fillies that form the hanging part of the roof.

The upper part of the rafter system is formed by hanging rafters. They can also be collected on the ground and fed up a ready-made corner. After attaching to the lower rafter legs, the ridge of each corner is rigidly attached to the central part of the puff by means of a headstock.

Under its own weight, the upper part of the truss system forms a strong self-adjusting system, similar to an open umbrella. Thanks to this, any fluctuations of the roof will be compensated by springiness. If the width of the attic is large enough, a ridge is knocked along the upper connection of the rafters. With a small width, the extreme upper boards of the crate can play its role.

Sheathing of gables

Sheathing of gables can be done with any sheet material or boards. When they are hemmed, leave space for window and, if necessary, doorways. They equip a reinforcing frame that matches the size of the window or door frame. At the same time, fillies are pushed to the lower parts of the rafter legs - extension boards that form the overhang of the roof.

The type of lathing depends on the characteristics of the selected type of roof. If it is a soft mansard roof or shingles, then the structure should be solid or with the smallest possible gaps. For a hard coating, their size and lathing pitch are indicated by the manufacturer of specific roofing materials.

Waterproofing is installed under the base for fixing the tiles. It is advisable to thickly treat the boards with a moisture-proof preparation. Plywood and other softwood sheet materials must be water resistant.

Warming

A broken mansard roof allows you to limit yourself to the insulation of the living space from above and on the sides. At the same time, the lower part of the roof will be well ventilated, which will prevent moisture and condensation from accumulating. Due to the rafter voids, the attic with your own hands will be protected from overheating in summer, and from hypothermia in winter.

Attic interior cladding

For the interior lining of the attic space, wooden or plastic lining, plywood, thin sheets of chipboard or fiberboard are used. Heavy facing materials should not be used, since the entire load from their weight falls on wooden beams.

Outcome

A do-it-yourself attic will most fully meet your requirements and will allow you to make the most of the attic space for organizing living quarters.

Do-it-yourself mansard roof step by step video

The attic floor is a more spacious and well-prepared attic for life. Features of the room dictate their own conditions in relation to the roof. The arrangement of the mansard roof does not require the performer to have any special knowledge and skills. enough to prepare necessary tools read the instructions in detail and follow their recommendations in everything.

There are several types of mansard roofs. Familiarize yourself with the features of each of these roofs and choose the most suitable option. The main points of the construction technology are common to all types of construction.

The simplest option is a shed mansard roof. This design is carried out with some bias. It is used quite rarely, because. due to the slope, the useful area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe attic space decreases.

The most popular option is a gable mansard roof. Inside the roof space will be comfortable and spacious. Gable roof simple and profitable in the arrangement.

It is a type of duplex design. In this case, the slopes will not be even, but broken. Typically, broken roofs are used in cases with small houses.

hip roof consists of four slopes. The truss system of the hip roof is somewhat more complicated.

Half hip roof is a type of hipped roof. In this case, a half-hip is usually understood as the slope, which, as it were, cuts off part of the end side of the gable roof. The cut can pass from below and form a trapezoid, or at the top and create a triangle.

Interesting varieties of hipped mansard roof are pyramidal and conical roofs. These designs look best on polygonal houses and round buildings. Perfectly combined with other types of roofs.

They are used quite rarely. This design has a smooth parabolic or circular shape. Previously, such roofs were widely used in the arrangement of rectangular houses.

What is the structure of the attic roof?

The mansard roof in the section is a "pie", consisting of several layers.

Mansard Roof Calculation Guide

The attic roof is calculated according to an extremely simple scheme. It is important to take into account not only the useful, but also the deaf area of ​​​​the attic space. In this case, a zone in which the distance between the ceiling and the floor is more than 90-100 cm will be considered useful. The rest of the places are traditionally considered a dead zone. It is impossible to live in such areas, but in their place you can install a variety of shelves and other household items.

Calculate the total area of ​​the roof. At this point, you will need a roof plan. Break the space into several simple shapes, calculate the area of ​​​​each of them, and then sum the resulting values ​​\u200b\u200bto determine the total roof area.

Before you start building mansard roof pay attention to a number of important little things, which include features of thermal insulation of the structure, the procedure for placing window openings etc.

Deserves special attention permissible angle of inclination of the roof slope.If the slope exceeds the permissible value, the area of ​​​​the attic space will decrease significantly. This moment is individual and is selected taking into account the attic area and other important parameters.

Select the appropriate type of rafter system. Rafters, as noted, contribute to an even distribution of the load on the walls. Additionally, thanks to the truss system, reliable protection of the house from various kinds of adverse atmospheric influences is provided.

The simplest version of the attic roof is a triangular shape. The most difficult thing is to make a mansard roof with a break. In the absence of appropriate skills, it is strongly not recommended to take on the independent arrangement of complex roofs.

Step-by-step instructions for building a mansard roof

There are no super complicated steps in the construction of a mansard roof. You just need to carefully read the instructions and follow all the recommendations step by step.

First step. Calculate the strength of the building. The attic increases the load on the walls and foundation of the house. It is better if qualified specialists are engaged in the calculation. If you do not plan to carry out work to strengthen the house, you can skip this step.

Second step. Calculate the attic and prepare a project for the future attic and roof. It is also recommended to involve specialists in this work. If you wish, you can try to create a project yourself or use some turnkey solution from available sources.

Third step. Do this as carefully as possible, try not to damage other structural elements of the house.

Fourth step. Make a truss frame. This is the most time-consuming stage of the instructions in question. It is better if at least 3 people are involved in arranging the frame at the same time.

Fifth step. Place and fix the Mauerlat. To assemble this element, use wooden bars size 10x10 cm.

Sixth step. Install the frame for the roof space. The frame elements will simultaneously act as supports for the rafters. First secure the vertical posts around the edges of the building. Racks must be attached to long beams. Self-tapping screws and ordinary metal corners will help you with this.

Seventh step. Attach a jumper to the posts.

Eighth step. Make sure that the elements mentioned above are installed correctly. Any cord will help you with this - simply pull it between the formed arches. If the cord is in a strictly horizontal position, you have done everything right. If the cord deviates from the horizontal, trim the inappropriate arches or even replace them with new elements.

Ninth step. Fix the arches together. Nail plates or stamping corners will help you with this.

Fasten the first rafters where roof slope will have the maximum slope. To obtain the required slope, simply cut the bars to the required length.

The first step is preparing the rafters. Cut the bars in advance to the desired length and required angle. At the bottom of the rafter legs, select the grooves for connecting to the Mauerlat. Grooves can be made with a chisel.

Second step. Fasten each bar to its designated place.

Third step. Proceed to the installation of the upper rafters. At this stage, be especially careful. Observe the desired slope angle and overall alignment of the structure.

Fourth step. The crate can be made from plywood sheets or ordinary wooden planks. The type of lathing must correspond to the selected roofing material. As a rule, continuous flooring is made. This is the most versatile and most reliable option.

Laying of protective materials and completion of work

Mansard roofing requires the organization of high-quality protection from various adverse factors.

The first step is laying the vapor barrier material. The vapor barrier must be fixed on the inside of the truss system. The material is attached to the bars with the help of special building brackets.

The second step is laying the insulation. Mineral wool is traditionally used for insulation. If you wish, you can opt for a more modern and expensive material. Insulation plates should fit snugly together and also fit snugly against the rafters.

The third step is the device of the crate. On the laid insulation you need to fill the crate. Use ordinary wooden blocks. Fasten the elements of the crate in increments of about half a meter. Thanks to this system, the insulation will remain in place.

The fourth step is laying the moisture-proof material. Attach the waterproofing to the outside of the truss system. Polyethylene film is most often used as a moisture-proof layer. Waterproofing will protect the elements of the roof from atmospheric moisture.

The fifth step is laying the finish coat. Roofing material choose at your discretion. The best option in terms of cost and quality characteristics is a metal tile. From budget materials, slate or its more modern counterpart ondulin can be recommended.

After you fix the selected roofing material, the construction of the mansard roof can be considered complete. Thus, there is nothing complicated in arranging the considered system with your own hands. Understand the instructions, and you will successfully cope with all the tasks without outside help.

Video - Do-it-yourself mansard roof step by step

home » sheathing » How to build a mansard roof with your own hands and not make mistakes. Construction of a mansard roof: differences in truss systems, installation stages, photo Construction of a mansard sloping roof with your own hands