Do-it-yourself winch - simple manufacturing methods. Hand hoist - how to feel like a titan? Do-it-yourself manual hoist
The winch is one of the oldest devices that facilitate the movement of weights, invented by man much earlier than he knew the laws of physics. The principle of operation of the winch is based on the rule of the lever: applying little effort to the handle, you can move and lift quite heavy objects. Winches and hoists are widely used on the farm for lifting building materials, dragging goods and even for plowing the land. Winches powered by manual or electric drive are also indispensable for off-road enthusiasts.
Buy a winch or make it yourself? Which winch design is best? The answers to these questions depend on how often you are going to use it, what loads to move. Manual winches require force but are not dependent on electrical power. An electric winch can move heavy loads without any effort on your part, but it must be connected to the mains or battery. Below are the designs of several winches, which you can do with your own hands, which winch to choose is up to you.
Winch from a cable and a piece of pipe
Option the simplest winch, which can be made literally from improvised materials and in a few minutes, is popular with motorists. This design is a cable rigidly fixed on a piece of pipe, put on the axle. The axle is driven into the ground or fixed in some other way. Any lever is slipped under the lower coil of the cable: a handle from a shovel, a pipe, a strong pole. By rotating the lever so that the cable is wound around the pipe, you can move a fairly heavy object, such as a stuck car. This device cannot be called a full-fledged winch, but it performs its functions.
Hand winches include any device that allows you to move loads and has a manual drive. The most common are drum-type winches: a cable is wound on the reel, and the reel is rotated with the help of a handle through a reduction gear: a worm gear or a system of sprockets of different sizes. The larger the gear ratio, the less force is required to apply to the handle.
For efficient operation, a hand winch must be rigidly fixed to a stationary object; for this, mounting holes are made on the winch frame. The handle is connected to the shaft, on which a small asterisk is rigidly fixed. The coil is rigidly connected to a large sprocket, which has a clutch with a small one. The cable is attached at one end to the coil, a carabiner or hook is attached to the second end.
Do-it-yourself winch with manual or electric drive
If you have the skills to work with a welding machine, you can make a winch yourself from improvised materials.
You will need:
- Rectangular tube for making the frame;
- Pipe or finished shaft for the drum;
- Sheet metal for drum discs, thickness 3 mm;
- Studs with M10-M12 thread, 24 cm long - 6 pieces, nuts;
- Tube with a diameter of Ø14 - 6 identical pieces of 20 cm;
- Large and small sprockets and chain;
- Hubs for attaching the drum to the shaft and for attaching the shaft to the frame;
- Lever for manual drive, gasoline or electric motor powered by ~220 V mains or car battery;
- Cable of the required length with a carabiner at the end;
- Welding machine and electrodes;
- Bulgarian with a cutting and grinding disc;
- Paint and primer for metal;
Set of wrenches.
Winch manufacturing technology:
- According to the drawing, a grinder cuts a rectangular pipe 20x20 mm for the frame. All perpendicular joints are obtained by cutting blanks at an angle of 45 degrees.
- Lay out the blanks on a flat surface. Weld the winch frame with welding machine pointwise at the junction of the workpieces. Check the perpendicularity of the corners and the conformity of the dimensions, after which the seams are completely boiled. Weld the platform from sheet metal with longitudinal grooves for mounting the drive motor. Remove scale and burrs with a grinding wheel grinder.
- The frame is sanded, coated with a primer for metal, and after drying - with paint or enamel in two layers.
- Start making the drum. Two circles of the same diameter are cut out of sheet metal - about 30 cm. In the center of each circle, a hole is drilled along the diameter of the shaft, six holes are also made at a distance of 7-8 cm from the center. Drill holes for fastening the hubs - 4 on each disk. Attach the hubs to the bolted connection. The drum disks are fastened with studs: each stud is fixed in one disk, a Ø14 tube is put on it, after which the second disk is put on the studs and tightened onto nuts and locknuts.
- The drum is mounted on a shaft. The shaft can be made from metal pipe of a suitable diameter or use a ready-made high-strength steel shaft from any mechanism. A large sprocket is fixed on the shaft on the outside of the drum - you can use an asterisk from a motorcycle gearbox, for example. Hubs are installed on the protruding parts of the shaft to fix the drum on the frame.
- Install the drum with the shaft on the frame, fixing them with external hubs and bolts. An electric or Gas engine with a small sprocket rigidly fixed on the output shaft. They put on the chain and adjust its tension by moving the electric motor along the site in rectangular mounting grooves to the optimal position. The chain should not sag, but too much tension is undesirable - the wear of the sprockets will increase, and the chain may also break. You can check the tension of the chain by turning the drum with your hands - it should not restrain the rotation of the drum when the cable is unwound.
- A cable is wound around the drum, fixing its end on the shaft. The second end of the cable is equipped with a strong carabiner. For ease of movement, the winch is fixed to the frame with a wheel pair using a shank.
- The shank on the opposite side is designed to attach the winch to the car. In this case, it is recommended to close the drum with a protective cover that prevents dirt and precipitation from getting on the cable.
- If the drive is planned to be universal, then a handle can be mounted on the outside of the shaft. In this case, in the absence of fuel or electricity, it will be possible to use the winch manually.
The presented design of the winch is simple and reliable, and although it does not have the ability to switch the gear ratio, reverse and other auxiliary functions, it performs the task of moving heavy loads in a horizontal plane perfectly. If it is necessary to lift the load to a greater height, such a winch can be used in combination with a manual hoist or simply by throwing the cable over a solid support.
Thus, in today's lesson, we examined the creation of a manual winch with our own hands, subscribe to our group and stay up to date with all the significant news!.
Homemade hand hoist is a good replacement for industrial designs, because it is no less effective. So it’s worth getting such an assistant in the household, and we will help you do this and tell you about this device.
How is a manual hoist arranged?
A hoist is a suspended load-lifting device. It can be manual or electric, the second option is more common, of course. Tal, in general, is a special mechanism for lifting or lowering various loads, as well as for moving them. The carrying capacity can be up to 10 tons, and objects can be lifted to a height of up to 12 m - you see, not bad for a manually operated mechanism.
Based on these indicators, you can use this device to move various goods of great weight, these can be items household appliances – gas stoves or refrigerators, freezers or washing machines etc. Often trade workers use them to put goods on the shelves. You can not do without hand hoists during construction or repair work, where you often have to lift Construction Materials or tools.
A conventional manual chain hoist has the following main elements: a chain hoist, consisting of movable and fixed blocks connected to each other; two-stage cylindrical coaxial gearbox, which has a manual mechanical drive; output shaft; specialized disc brake; additional cargo braking system; block pendant with a hook. The principle of operation is based on systems of traction and load chains, which have round links. The main types of manual hoists: gear and lever.
Gear hand hoists - is the popularity justified?
The main advantage of this type of hoists is the simplicity of design and reliability. They are indispensable in many industries: neither in the construction industry, nor in the mining industry, nor in agriculture, nor at fuel and energy enterprises and others. Such a device can be used not only indoors, but also outdoors, even if there are no power sources. Moreover, such hoists are not only safe to use, but also unpretentious in use and have a durable mechanism.
The gear type of hoists is adapted to work with large loads weighing from 0.5 to 10 tons, and they can be freely lifted to a height of up to 12 m. A special load chain with hook is designed for this load, and the available additional drive chain will ensure not only good movement, but also easy movement of loads. It is necessary to control the work of such a hoist while standing on the ground. The action begins with the drive chain, this device is a stationary mechanism, and its purpose is to lift or lower loads from shelves that are high.
To move goods by hoist, monorails are installed in the premises. Such stationary devices are usually used when it is not necessary to constantly move and lift loads. They are not designed for a large amount of work, and the speed of movement is very low, this must be taken into account when choosing this tool. But at the same time, if you need to lift a fragile product or object, then these are the most successful hoists. Now we need to talk about the competitive model.
Lever Hoist - Beneficial Load Physics
This type of hoist is necessary for working with small loads, the weight of which is not more than 5 tons, and it can be raised to a height equal to the height of a person. It all depends on constructive solution. Raising, lowering and moving is carried out using a lever mounted in the body. The hoist is controlled by an operator located near the device. Such models are good for pulling cables and lifting loads. Since they are not adapted for a large amount of work, utility services find application for them.
They are needed when you need to pull cables or install pipes at the bottom of trenches, as well as to install hatches. With their help, foresters pull out stumps, and industrialists place heavy equipment in workshops. Often their purpose is to lift the load in order to work with it, so. It can be various repairs, for example, in auto repair shops. To facilitate the work with lever hoists, they are additionally equipped with special trolleys.
Worm hoists - a compact strongman
In addition to these basic types of hand hoists, there are also others. Recently, worm hoists are often used. For work, they are suspended permanently or use a mobile "cat". This is convenient for moving loads horizontally, such hoists can move along I-beams. There are a lot of models of this type of devices. They are used to lift or hold loads in a raised position, they are also suitable for moving. Everything happens on a special overhead track made of an I-profile.
Their advantage is that work can be carried out in rooms that are small in area, and the distance between beams and loads can be insignificant. These hoists can also be used outdoors.
They have some features, for example, a swivel casing (and the design can be rotated 360 degrees) allows you to control work from any place, that is, you can raise and lower the load in any position. This creates additional safety, the operator during work can be on the side of the hoists and also from the load itself. Also this species The hoists are distinguished by reliability, wear resistance and low heating brake. All this makes them quiet and comfortable. And due to the low construction height, it is possible to work with this equipment in limited spaces in vertical positions.
Homemade hand hoist - a free helper in the household
Often you have to carry out repairs at home, and you need to raise tools and materials. If you buy a manual hoist, it is expensive, and often there is no time. In this case, you can do it yourself.
The winch is an indispensable tool, as in household as well as in the garage. Raise a roll of roofing material onto the roof, throw a couple of bags of cement into the window of the second floor of a private house under construction, pull the engine out of the bonnet space, and drag the broken car itself into the garage ... This is an incomplete list of things that you can easily do alone with her help.
Drum-type devices for lifting or moving heavy loads differ in the way they transmit torque. From the school physics course, we know how the shoulder works. Losing in speed or distance - we win in strength. The phrase of Archimedes: “Give me a fulcrum, and I will turn the Earth over” just describes the principle of the winch.
IMPORTANT! When working with such a device, the fulcrum is the body and the place where the winch is attached. Both elements must be reliable.
A hand winch, with the help of an attached shoulder, increases human strength so much that one operator can move cars or lift loads of several hundred kilograms. With the same (from the point of view of mechanics) principle of operation, these devices have various ways execution.
Manual drum winch - varieties
A hand winch with a drum is a classic of the genre. In addition to the common element - the pulley on which the cable is wound, the devices have Various types drive.
A large, main gear is firmly attached to the drum. On it, and on the mount, the entire load falls. Therefore, the reliability of the elements must be at the proper level. In engagement with the main gear, there is a small drive gear.
The ratio of the number of teeth is the value of the gear ratio. In other words, the amplification factor. The drive gear is integral with the drive shaft. Since we are talking about a hand tool, a handle is put on the shaft for rotation.
The length of the lever also affects the degree of reinforcement. The larger the lever arm, the less effort must be applied.
With the help of such devices, you can lift several centners of cargo alone or move a car weighing 2-3 tons. At the same time, the rotation speed of the drum is quite high.
The design consists of two or more pairs of gears, each of which has a gain factor of tens of times. With sequential engagement, these coefficients add up, multiplying the force.
The reverse side of the coin is a proportional reduction in speed. With such a winch, you can carry out a slow vertical lifting of loads of more than a ton, but if you have to work with two bags of cement, the lifting time will stretch for tens of minutes.
A hoist is a device for lifting and lowering a load. In addition, such a mechanism can hold the load in a suspended position. The hoists can be manually or electrically driven. With an electric drive, an electric motor is responsible for the movement of the cables. The hand hoist uses a chain mechanism. Such a device can be gear or lever. In this article I will talk about the principles of operation of a manual hoist.
The most successful solution for lifting a load and working with it at height is a manual gear hoist. This mechanism is designed for lifting and lowering loads. various configurations. As the name of this device implies, the mechanism is set in motion manually. It does not require an energy source. A person who does not have great strength can work with a manual chain hoist.
The principle of operation of the chain hoist is not very complicated. This mechanism can be used as self lift or as part of a crane-beam structure. Tal can be mobile, lever or stationary.
To work with a stationary hoist, the operator must be directly next to the load. Thanks to the swivel casing, the load can not only be raised and lowered, but also deployed for more convenient work with it.
The mobile chain hoist is attached to an I-beam profile, along which, using the carriage included in the hoist, you can move loads in two directions: vertical and horizontal. Such a hoist, which is mounted on a carriage, is called a hoist.
How the chain hoist works
The chain hoist consists of two blocks and a chain thrown between them. On the lower block there is a chain sprocket, and on the upper block there are two sprockets of different diameters. It is because of the difference in the diameters of the sprockets that a more efficient lifting of the load occurs.
In addition, one should not forget about the increase in the efficiency of the hoist due to the block system.
Chain Hoist Advantage:
Compactness;
Light weight;
Ease of use;
No energy consumption;
Durability;
Relatively low cost.
You can find out about chain hoists on the website stropu71.ru.
Here you can also buy cable slings and other lifting mechanisms and accessories for them. The Partner StroyService company has been supplying lifting and geodetic equipment for about ten years. In addition, the services of this company include the design and manufacture of slings and ropes of any size and type.
The movement mechanisms of hoists, the carrying capacity of which is 1, 2 and 3 tons, include such elements as a drive and idle trolley, a traverse. By means of the last element, the lifting mechanism is fixed and connected to the movement unit.
Trolleys for the hoist are attached to the traverse using vertical type hinge pins. This design provides a trolley turn angle of 15-18 degrees.
Thanks to the hinged design (guiding rollers are provided on the vertical axes), the hoist with the movement mechanism freely passes along the paths with a minimum radius of curvature.
Due to the low-lying electric motor, the movement mechanism of the electric hoist easily overcomes the turnouts of small sizes.
The monorail movement mechanism of the electric hoist is offered in normal and reduced dimensions.
The movement mechanisms of hoists of normal size are equipped with one common sidewall on each side. An engine is mounted on one of the sides by means of a flange. The connection of the motor shaft with the primary gear is realized through the use of a reduction attachment.
The hoist with a reduced size movement mechanism is characterized by a different type of construction. Instead of two, there are 4 sidewalls (two driven and two leading).
Only 1 trolley is provided on devices with a small load capacity and a low lift height. The trolley is rigidly fixed to the body by means of a frame.
For hoists equipped with a pair of trolleys, 2 types of fastening are provided - rigid (frame) and articulated (special bolt).
Variations of fastening mechanisms for moving the electric hoist
The design of the lifting mechanism is adapted for fixing the unit for moving the load along the horizontal plane. Such mechanisms are being developed for monorail or double rail tracks. Fixtures can be of the following types:
- Rigid (hinged) - for a movement mechanism of normal size. Polyspast 2/1 and 4/1. Figure 4A shows an electric hoist with one trolley.
- Articulated (Fig. 4B I) - the lifting device is not rigidly fixed near the axle and running wheels.
- Swinging or semi-articulated - the lifting mechanism swings. On fig. 4B shows an electric hoist with two trolleys.
- Non-articulated 2/1 and 4/1. Designed for hoists with reduced dimensions of the movement mechanism. The lifting unit is attached to the side of the rail track. This design saves usable space.
- Lifting mechanism with a moving unit along a two-rail track. Fig 6.
Figure 4 shows a diagram of the movement mechanism, which includes an electric motor (2), a gearbox (3), a driving unit (4), a driven unit (5).
