What are the temperature standards in the apartment during the heating season. To the attention of the consumer: the temperature regime in residential buildings The minimum air temperature in the room sanpin

When it comes to paying utility bills, many tenants of apartment buildings complain that the temperature in their apartments was not up to standard in winter. As a result, consumers have to overpay for services that they did not receive in full.

This means that the temperature of the coolant in the heating radiators was below normal. To understand this issue, it is necessary to consider the standards that have been developed government agencies operating throughout Russia in the winter season.

The heating season begins in autumn, when the air temperature outside the window drops below +8 °C. But this takes into account the fact that this indicator is kept for at least five days.

If there is an abrupt change, for example, two days +5 °C, one day +10 °C, the next two days +7 °C, then heating in apartment buildings does not turn on. Switching off is made when the thermometer rises above +8 °C. The same rules apply with a five-day condition.

Regulations

Heating standards are legalized, that is, their violation is followed by administrative or criminal punishment. All of them are determined by SNiPs, which is the law for public utilities. So, here is a list of the main norms in force for residential and non-residential premises in apartment buildings:

• +18 °C in the living quarters of the apartment;
• if the apartment is corner, then +20 °C;
• in the kitchen, the temperature should be at least +18 ° C;
• in the bathroom +25 °C;
• on the staircase and in the lobby (if such a room is present) not lower than +16 °C;
• in the elevator the temperature norm is +5 °C;
• in the attic and in the basement +4°C.

How to take measurements correctly?

Measurement of the air temperature inside the residential premises of apartment buildings is done in certain places. From external walls at a distance of 1.0 m, from the floor at a height of 1.5 m. Control measurements are made every hour during the day. In this case, it is precisely the decrease in temperature from the standard that is taken into account. If this fact is confirmed, then apartment residents can pay for services less by 0.15%.

At the same time, an act of measurements taken is necessarily drawn up, one copy of which remains in the hands of the residents. Please note that the public utilities will correct all the shortcomings within a week, so do not disturb them and remind them every day.

There is one more point to which attention should be paid. If the temperature in the heating radiators was below the norm by 3 ° C during the day, and by 5 ° C at night, then the management company must recalculate utilities.

By the way, the amount of rent reduction will depend on the area of ​​the apartment. And the more it is, the less you have to pay.

There is another standard on which the quality and comfort of living in an apartment of a multi-storey building depends - the frequency of air exchange. That is, there are certain indicators that are based on sanitary and hygienic standards, requiring that the air in the apartment constantly change.

In residential premises with an area of ​​18-20 m², air exchange should be 3 m³ / h per square meter. In kitchens, this figure is 60 m³ / h, this is if it has hob with two burners. If a three burner cooker is used then 75 m³/h and a four burner cooker 90 m³/h.

In the bathroom, this figure will depend entirely on its area. For example, an area of ​​25 m² - an air exchange rate of 25 m³ / h. If the same area, but in the bathroom, then 50 m³ / h. In the toilet 25 m³/h with an area of ​​16 m².

These two standards are related. It is impossible to ensure that the temperature in the apartment meets the standards, and air exchange is not taken into account. Or vice versa. Everything must be taken into account comprehensively. Only then it will be possible to talk about comfortable living conditions.

How to measure the temperature of the coolant?

Maybe not everyone knows, but the hot water that flows from the tap in the hot water supply system is the coolant flowing through the heating pipes.

The easy way

Therefore, if you want to check its temperature yourself, just use a thermometer to measure hot water poured, for example, into a glass.

Its temperature limits: 50-70 °C. Deviations can be, but only for an increase, and only by 4 degrees.

Measurement of the heating level of heating devices

There are other ways to measure temperature limits. To do this, you will have to measure this indicator for pipes or heating radiators. This can be done with an infrared thermometer-pyrometer or a conventional alcohol thermometer. In the second case, the measuring device is applied to the pipe or battery and covered with insulation.

Measurements with an electrothermometer

There is a more complex measuring device - an electric thermometer.

Its thermocouples are applied to the plane of a pipe or radiator, they are fixed and measured, including the “Measure temperature” function.

Instrument corrections

Usually each device has its own scale of deviations. For example, for alcohol - up to 2 ° C, for infrared - 0.5 ° C. Therefore, after carrying out all measurements, it is necessary to add 1-2 ° С to the obtained digital indicator.

What to do next?

If the result of the measurements taken does not suit you, and you think that the temperature of the coolant does not correspond to the norm, then you must write an application to the management company. A commission should come from her and take their measurements. All their actions must comply with the rules of GOST 30494-90 "Control Methods". At the same time, employees must use a measuring device that has been registered and has a quality certificate.

The device must meet certain technical specifications:

• temperature range from +5 °С to +40 °С;
• measurement error - 0.1 °C.

Temperature dependence

There is a certain dependence of the air temperature inside residential premises on the air temperature outside the window. This dependence determines the supply of coolant with a certain level of heating. During the heating season, this figure may change daily, or it may not change for months.

Gosstroy in 2003 issued a decree in which the temperature parameters of the coolant were precisely determined. Please note that they are taken into account only at the bottom feed hot water. Multiple positions:

• air temperature outside +5 °C, in the heating circuit supply +50 °C, in the return +39 °C;
• outdoors 0 °C, supply +65 °C, return +48 °C;
• outside -5°C, supply +78°C, return +56°C.

Dependence on the type of system

And one more point defining temperature regime. If a two-pipe heating system is installed in an apartment building, then the coolant temperature should be +95 ° С.

If the system is single-pipe, then the rate is increased to +105 ° C. But keep in mind that in corner apartments the air temperature index will still be lower.

Winter! Today it’s 14 ° C at my house, and during the winter there was no more than 18 ° C ... I decided to look for the standards and this is what I found: Heating, that is, uninterrupted maintaining in a residential area certain temperature air during the heating season, is a public service, the quality of which is established state standards(The heating season opens when the average daily air temperature does not exceed + 8 degrees C for 5 days).

If room temperature less than +14 gr. C, consumer has the right not to pay for heating services in general. If less than normal, communal authorities have to recalculate paid fee (on the procedure for recalculation, see Appendix 1 to the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 05/23/2006 N 307 "On the procedure for the provision of public services to citizens") GOST R 51617-2000 (room temperature standards)

What to do next? If you are not happy owner warm apartments, then without delay, but rather on the same day, write a claim to the housing and communal services and wait for the commission, which should appear in your apartment within two days. Complaint Form (File is attached in the message)

To the head of the Housing Office ______________________________ From __________________________________________ of the resident (s): ____________________________

CLAIM

In accordance with the service agreement concluded between me as the owner of the apartment at the address: ___________________, and your organization, I am provided with public Utilities including heating services. I conscientiously fulfill all the conditions this agreement paying the fee on time and in full, which is confirmed by monthly receipts.

You are in violation of Art. 4 of the Law of the Russian Federation "On Protection of Consumer Rights" you are not fulfilling your obligations: this year, from the beginning of the heating season, the air temperature in my apartment does not exceed ... degrees, which is ... degrees below the established standard.

(Next, you should indicate what consequences of the low temperature regime arose: dampness in the apartment, cold in the apartment caused catarrhal diseases of the residents, and constant moral and physical suffering caused an exacerbation of chronic diseases, other facts.) My arguments are supported by the following documents (next, you should rewrite the numbers and dates of acts, copies of complaints and other documents, if any).

For a long time, our verbal demands to you remain unsatisfied.

Based on the foregoing, I demand: 1. Bring the temperature regime in the apartment in line with the requirements of the regulations. 2. Proportionately reduce the payment for heating from ... until the moment when the temperature regime in the apartments is brought to normal.

If my legal requirements are not satisfied, I will be forced to go to court with statement of claim on the enforcement by you of your obligations under the contract, as well as on the recovery of compensation for the moral damage caused on the basis of Art. 15 of the Law of the Russian Federation "On the Protection of Consumer Rights", which I estimate at ... rubles.

I propose to resolve the dispute out of court.

Date __________ Signature ___________

With the onset of the heating season, the issue of the temperature climate in a residential building becomes especially relevant. It often happens that the temperature of the walls in the apartment according to the norms and the actual temperature are very different from each other, which is a violation on the part of utilities. And what should the temperature of the walls be in the apartment and how to measure the temperature of the walls in the apartment?

The temperature of the walls in the room

The permissible temperature of the wall in the apartment in winter is regulated at the legislative level. Standards are allocated according to GOST, SNiP (building codes and rules) and sanitary standards.

The temperature of the walls in the apartment should be such that it is comfortable to be in the room. The main heating of the apartment in the cold season should be carried out mainly due to central heating, which is provided by the municipal services of the city.

What temperature should the walls be in the apartment?

According to legislative documents on the heat supply of residential premises, the average temperature in apartments in cold and warm seasons should be approximately 20-23 degrees. This temperature is considered comfortable for life.

Indeed, if such a microclimate is maintained in a residential building, a child and an adult can live in it. But not always the real indicators of the temperature of the walls and air in the apartments correspond to the established standards. This happens especially often during the heating season. Residents' apartments do not warm up well enough, although they charge a lot for heating.

For the most part, utility specialists are not based on the temperature of the walls, but on the general air temperature in the room. Batteries may not warm up the walls enough, but they heat the air well (subject to a normal flow of hot water and the absence of air). It is also taken into account that the walls are actively cooled from the outside, so the temperature of the walls in the room may differ from the air temperature.

How is the temperature of the walls in the apartment measured? Measurement is done at special points. The temperature indicator is not measured in close proximity to walls or windows. In most cases, a point is selected that is 1.5 meters above the floor and 1 meter from outer wall. It is noteworthy that if the air temperature does not meet the established norm, the payment for heat supply is reduced by 0.15% for each hour of non-compliance with the norms established by the state.

The temperature of the walls in the apartment according to the norms of SNiP

The temperature of the walls in the apartment according to the norms of SNiP practically does not differ from the established norms. According to building codes and regulations number 2.04.05–91, the temperature in the living room should not fall below 20 degrees.

It is worth considering that the permissible temperature of the walls in an apartment according to the norms of SNiP strongly depends on the ambient temperature and the so-called dew point.

The norm of the temperature of the walls in the apartment according to SanPin

The temperature of the walls in the apartment according to sanitary standards in the living room is 24 degrees Celsius. It should be noted that only the upper temperature limit is indicated in sanitary standards. As for living rooms (regardless of their type), the temperature is the same.

In general, the temperature of the walls in an apartment, according to sanitary standards, practically does not differ in any way from the norms that are indicated in the building regulations and the interstate standard. In any case, the indicator of air temperature and walls in apartments is identical in all legislative documents.

In more detail, the upper and lower limits of temperature standards are prescribed in GOSTs. There is less information in the SanPin and SNiP documents.

The temperature of the walls in the apartment in winter

The temperature of the walls in the GOST (30494-2011) apartment depends on the type of room and the season. For cold seasons (from the moment the heating is turned on), the norms are as follows:

• living quarters
  20-22 degrees
• Residence in the northern region
  21-23 degrees
• Kitchen
  19-21 degrees
• Toilet
  19-21 degrees
• Combined bathroom and bathroom
  24-26 degrees
• Corridor between apartments
  19-20 degrees
• Children's room
  23-24 degrees

It turns out that on average the temperature of the walls in the apartment is winter time year should be 20-22 degrees. The value of the temperature indicator almost completely coincides with the standards specified in SNiP and SanPin.

In addition to the temperature of the walls in the apartment according to GOSTs, you need to rely on common sense. The norms for the temperature of the walls in the room are compiled depending on the purpose of the room. For example, moderate coolness should be observed in bedrooms and they should be ventilated regularly, because in a room with a high temperature of the walls and, accordingly, the air, it is much worse to sleep.

The optimal temperature indicator in the nursery also depends on the age of the baby. For infants, the norm indicated in GOST should be maintained - 24 degrees. As the child matures, the temperature should gradually drop to the lower limit of normal and then gradually return to normal for an ordinary living room.

In the bathroom, the temperature of the walls and air largely depends on the frequency of use of the room. In such a room, the humidity is constantly high, so it may seem that it is damp and cold in there, although this is not the case. The situation is much the same with the kitchen. Depending on the amount of equipment used and the frequency of cooking, the temperature should be varied. The more often they cook in the kitchen, the lower the temperature should be maintained there (from the oven, stove and other equipment, the air and walls will still heat up). If the kitchen is not actively used, it is better to keep the temperature there closer to the upper limit of normal.

Normally, the wall temperature in a corner apartment should be 2 degrees higher than that specified in GOST 51617-2000. Some utilities are guided by the indicators specified in GOST 30494-96, but it is less informative and it does not mention the temperature of the walls in the corner apartment.

IN living rooms during cold seasons, the temperature should not fall below 22 degrees, in non-residential - below 21 degrees. For the northern regions, the minimum temperature is correspondingly higher. For residential premises, its indicator should not be less than 23 degrees.

Freezing walls in the apartment - permissible temperature

The temperature limit at which the walls of the building begin to freeze through directly depends on the thickness of the walls, the state of ventilation, windows and design features as a whole. The location of housing also has an impact. Freezing of the wall in the apartment The permissible temperature for each room is indicated in SNiP 23-02-2033 "Thermal protection of buildings".

The calculation of the permissible temperature before freezing of the walls in the apartment is quite complicated. The average temperature limit is 20 degrees Celsius.

Measurement of the temperature of the walls in the apartment

At home and without a professional device, it is almost impossible to measure the temperature of the walls in an apartment. An infrared thermometer is used to measure. How to measure the temperature of the walls in the apartment using this device? It's simple: the infrared beam emitted by the thermometer is directed to the desired wall. An indicator will be displayed on the instrument dial. This will be the temperature of the wall in the apartment.

After you have measured the temperature of the walls in the apartment, you need to compare the results with the standards. However, it must be taken into account that the results may not be completely reliable.

Ideally, you should order the measurement of the temperature of the walls in the apartment from specialists who have official permissions and approvals for this. In addition, they have more accurate equipment, which will affect the measurement results. Professionals also help to issue the necessary documents confirming the temperature of the walls, with which you can then go to court. On average, the cost of such a procedure in Moscow, St. Petersburg and the regions Russian Federation is 1 thousand rubles.

How to file a complaint about the low temperature of the walls in the apartment?

If, after measuring the temperature of the walls in the apartment, it turned out that it does not meet the standards established by the state, you can safely file a complaint. To do this, you must contact the maintenance department or the organization that services the residential building and inform them about the violation of the temperature regime. Please note: at the time of communication, an employee of the structure must provide his position and last name.

After submitting the application, a commission will be drawn up, which will include a representative of the heating network and an employee of the repair and maintenance department. During a visit to the premises, specialists will have to independently measure the temperature and draw up an act. This act will be documentary evidence that the heating service is provided to the tenant of the apartment in an improper way.

After that, employees of the heating network and the repair and maintenance department will find out for what reasons the temperature drops below the established norm. Then, depending on the results, repair work will be carried out to eliminate insufficient heat supply. After all necessary work employees of the relevant authorities will conduct a secondary inspection of the premises and issue a second act to the tenant. The document will confirm that the temperature of the walls and the air in the room complies with the standards and this is confirmed by repeated instrumental measurements.

If utility workers refuse to somehow contribute to the normalization of the temperature in the room, you can contact the social protection authorities for consumer rights or the prosecutor's office. In such cases, more thorough investigations are carried out and public utilities are punished. There are more red tape, but a successful result is almost 100% guaranteed.

Conclusion

The norm of the temperature of the walls in the apartment depends on the specific region of the apartment (regular or corner) and the season. In the warm season, the temperature should be 22–25 degrees. For cold seasons normal temperature from 19 to 24 degrees. The specific rate depends on the room. It should be warmest in children's and living rooms.

If a person has doubts that the temperature of the walls in the apartment does not meet the established standards, you can self measurement temperature indicator using an infrared thermometer or order a temperature measurement from specialists. If the fears are confirmed and the temperature in the living room turns out to be inappropriate, you should contact the appropriate municipal authority and demand the elimination of the lack of heat supply.

Temperature standards in a residential area are set in order to provide comfortable conditions for human life during the cold season.

Heating in apartment buildings is provided by public utilities. Unfortunately, they do not always adhere to the current legislation. If the temperature in the apartment is not observed, then its owner has the right to file a complaint with the relevant public service.

Standard temperature in residential premises

To date, the procedure and specifics of central heating is regulated by SanPiN documents. All the necessary data are collected in Resolution No. 354 of 05/06/2011. If necessary, a person can at any time go to court if these rules and regulations are not observed.

The temperature norm in the apartment according to SNIP is set as follows:

• At least 18˚С.
• IN corner room not less than 20˚С.
• It is allowed to decrease the temperature by 3˚С at night.

Sanitary standards in the apartment must also comply with the used heating appliances. For example, the temperature of the water heater cannot be more than 90˚C.

Factors affecting the temperature in the apartment

The temperature of the indoor air in winter is important. It is formed not only through the influence of heating devices. The following factors should also be taken into account:

1. Climatic conditions of a particular region. The minimum temperature plays an important role.
2. Season. Premises are heated not only in winter. The devices also work in spring and autumn. At the same time, the temperature indicators during this period are different.
3. Human factor or individual preferences.
4. The materials used to build the house. Today, quite often an additional layer of insulation or waterproofing is used.

The permissible temperature of the wall in the apartment, according to current standards, should not be lower than 20 ° C. Otherwise, it will not be possible to create comfortable living conditions in the room. It is also affected by weather and dew point.

Norms of temperature regimes in various rooms

The optimal temperature in the apartment is a subjective concept that depends on the individual preferences and habits of the owner. Feelings should not cause discomfort. Otherwise, the person will feel bad.

Temperature indicators are considered acceptable if they comply with the established current legislation:

Any residential type premises - at least 18 ° C.
The room between two neighboring apartments is at least 16°C.
Kitchen - at least 18 ° C.
Toilet, bathroom - at least 18 ° C.
Entrance lobby or stairwell - at least 14°C.
Storage room - at least 12 ° C.

In our separate note, you can also find out the recommended indoor humidity standards. These norms also significantly affect a person's comfortable perception of the microclimate in the room.

Influence of humidity on the comfortable state of a person at the same temperature

The ideal temperature in a child's room

Pediatric sources advise to be attentive to the temperature regime of the baby. Overheating or hypothermia can adversely affect its general condition. The temperature in the child's bedroom should be 18 ° -20 ° C. Thanks to this, all biochemical processes in his body will proceed normally.

Dr. E.O. Komarovsky warns that the increase is dangerous and can lead to failures.

However, it is necessary to increase the intensity of the heating system for a newborn who was born ahead of schedule. For its development, it is necessary to create certain conditions that the pediatrician will tell the parents in more detail.

Optimum temperature during the heating season

Residents of our country are seeing an increase in utility bills every year. At such a moment of crisis, they give away a significant part of the budget and want to know that they will be in comfortable conditions in the winter. Unfortunately, public utilities do not always do their job conscientiously. That is why it is important to know what the temperature in the apartment should be during the heating season in the apartment.

The relationship between the owner of this service is regulated by GOST R 51617-2000. It specifies each period of the year and general technical conditions.

In winter, a range of 18° to 25° C must be observed.

With a deviation from the norm, comfortable living in an apartment is difficult to imagine.

The importance of maintaining a comfortable temperature

Against the background of heat in the room, a favorable environment is created for the growth and development of bacteria harmful to the human body. At the same time, normal temperature does not worsen the work of the heart. The heat thickens the blood and makes the internal organs work in an intensive mode. Constant exposure leads to dehydration, which provokes nervous tension.

Hypothermia or hypothermia quite often acts as an impetus to the development of a cold. It is important that the body temperature does not fall below 36 degrees. Hypothermia is especially dangerous for children. Their body has a small heat transfer, so it cannot recover quickly.

Rules for measuring the temperature in the room

The rules for measuring air temperature are very important, because only if they are observed will it be possible to obtain the correct result. To perform the manipulation, you will need a conventional mercury thermometer for internal use. It should be located away from heating appliances. The best solution is to place it suspended permanently.

Temperature measurement in accordance with current regulations must be carried out with a registered device. Today, there are many devices on sale that have a high level of accuracy. It must be located at least 1.5 meters from the floor. At the same time, at least 1 meter must also remain to the outer wall. An accurate result can only be obtained if the thermometer stays in the selected position for at least 10 minutes.

Indoor climate control

The indoor climate is regulated not only heating system. Attention should also be paid to the following factors.

• Ventilation provides the necessary air exchange. Oxygen enters the room and leaves carbon dioxide. The latter factor negatively affects a person’s well-being and can cause severe headaches. An inlet valve can solve problems. He will block the exit. warm air from the premises. At the same time, oxygen is supplied in sufficient quantities.
• Central heating significantly reduces the humidity in the room. To eliminate the negative effect, it is recommended to purchase special devices. They periodically spray moisture into the environment.
• In the bathroom, due to hot water from the tap, condensation accumulates on the walls, which can lead to the formation of mold or mildew. Correctly organized ventilation helps to solve the situation. Experts advise installing a small hood.

Responsibility of utilities for violation of temperature standards

Violation of the temperature standard not only causes discomfort, but can also lead to an exacerbation of a number of chronic diseases. If the utilities did not check the functioning of the system on time, then the residents of the house have the right to file a complaint. It initiates verification by the regulatory authorities of the validity of this application.

The responsibility of utilities for violation of the temperature standard is reduced to the need to recalculate the cost of services already provided. In addition, they are also required to eliminate all system malfunctions. After the work is completed, the microclimate of the room is re-checked. The result is recorded in a special act.

If violations were found in the central heating system, then the tenant of the apartment has the right to claim a recalculation of the amount accrued to him in the amount of 0.15 for one hour of use. Thanks to this, payment can be reduced by 90% in 28 days. However, to obtain such a decision, you will need to apply with a statement of claim to the court.

In practice, there are many examples of poor-quality provision of heating services for entire houses. Residents can file a class action complaint that will allow them to receive their legal redress.

To assert your rights, it is recommended to contact the regulatory authorities. The application may indicate several tenants at once who are not satisfied with the service of the communal organization. If she refuses to perform repairs or inspections, then a lawsuit is filed in court.

Conclusion

The norms and rules of the current legislation are specially designed to protect people. That is why he can always rely on them when defending his own interests. Only in this case it will be comfortable to live in this area.

If poor-quality performance of heating services is revealed, then it is required to immediately report this to the service organization. To do this, an audit report is drawn up, which is attached to the complaint in writing.

There are also cases of low temperatures in the private sector. To identify problems, you will need to check the heaters that are currently in use. Exist modern methods, which will allow in a short time and with minimal investment to increase the efficiency of each battery. Radiators are recommended to be replaced with more modern devices. Thanks to this, it will be possible to achieve results and create comfort for all family members.

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