Installation of lighting wiring in a wooden house. Do-it-yourself electrician in a wooden house - diagrams and instructions
Often, the home master faces the question of replacing or installing electrical wiring in a private house from scratch. And many in this case turn to professionals, spending on paying for their work. But, although this is indeed quite a difficult job, do not underestimate your strengths. Today we will figure out how complicated the wiring is in wooden house. The step-by-step instructions that will be presented below will help make sure that "it is not the gods who burn the pots." Well, first things first. To begin with, you need to understand general rules, and after a deeper look at all the features of the installation.
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Features of installation, automation and modern security features
Installing electrical wiring in wooden houses is a little different from doing similar work in concrete and brick buildings. It's all about fire hazard such structures, and therefore certain rules must be observed. In our high-tech age, there are many automatic protection systems, but still, the old methods will not hurt. Of course, gaskets made of asbestos fabric and other non-combustible materials between the cable and wooden wall, but something similar when installing email. wiring in wooden houses is still present.
For example, we can cite plastic boxes that look quite aesthetically pleasing. But many mistakenly believe that their function is purely decorative. In fact, such boxes prevent the spread of flame when the cable overheats from a short circuit or overload on the line. But we will consider this topic later, but for starters, the main rule.
“When performing such work as wiring electricity in a wooden house, utmost care and compliance with safety rules is necessary. Remember that electric shock is very dangerous, and inattention to detail is fraught with fire. Do not risk your life and the health of loved ones.”
Well, in order to protect novice home craftsmen, we will try not to miss a single detail, having analyzed in stages each step, each action of such work.
Electrical wiring in a log house - features and methods
Wiring in a house from a bar can be done in two ways:
- open (external) way;
- hidden method.
It should be understood that these methods differ not only in the visibility of the cables. They also affect the cross section (when hidden, it should be larger).
Related article:
In our review, we will consider the material of manufacture and their areas of application. And most importantly - why is it needed anyway? Let's try to understand this issue as thoroughly as possible.
Let's try to understand what are the rules for wiring in log houses. What should be foreseen in order to avoid force majeure circumstances?
Wiring in a wooden house: electrical safety rules during work
As already mentioned, wood is a combustible material, and therefore special wiring methods are needed here. After all, the safety of the household depends on this. Nowadays, the rules for installing electrical wiring in wooden houses provide for laying the cable in corrugated plastic or metal hoses, as well as plastic cable channels that prevent fire. In addition, wires with non-combustible insulation are also on sale, the use of which is a priority in such work.
As for the documentation regulating the rules of electrical wiring in wooden houses - PUE to help. It's probably worth deciphering here. PUE are the rules for the installation of electrical installations. In fact, it is the main document in the work of any electrician. That is why it does not hurt to study it. It spells out the basic norms for the installation of introductory shields, and also explains how to properly wire in a wooden house.
Where to start such work?
The importance of drawing up a wiring diagram in a wooden house with your own hands
The main difficulty for a novice electrician is to draw up an electrical diagram of all premises. But at the same time, this is a very important stage. And if during the installation of open wiring the circuit will only help in the work, then with hidden wiring it can help out in the future. Indeed, without it, even a picture will be difficult to hang - there is a danger of cable breakdown.
Drawing up a diagram should begin with the layout of all rooms. This is done so that they do not end up behind large-sized furniture - because in this case there will be no sense from them. In addition, it should be understood that if lighting groups can be assembled from two or three rooms, then the socket (power) lines must be separated. In addition, for example, not one power group can go to the kitchen, but 2-3. After all, each of the household appliances with high power (water heater or electric stove) must have a separate line.
At first it may seem that such a separation is superfluous and you can take a cable with a large cross section and run everything along one line, but this will be a huge mistake.
Important information! The division into groups makes it possible to use household appliances even if one of the lines burns out. In addition, if you need to repair the outlet, you do not have to turn off the light or de-energize other devices. Yes, and the maintenance and revision of electrical points, as well as the power input shield, is simplified.
Do-it-yourself electrical circuit in wooden houses can be done on any sheet of paper. It is not to be handed over to inspection organizations, although it may come in handy for the examiner before commissioning a home network. But, again, for informational purposes only. In this case, the diagram of the input shield will be drawn up later, after the installation inside the room is completed. But the installation location of the power cabinet must be selected in advance. As for such a moment as the electrical wiring in a wooden house, it must be thought out to the smallest detail, to the most seemingly insignificant details.
Ways of laying wiring in wooden houses - what difficulties may arise
In order to lay a cable in a wooden house, you need to decide on the installation method. There are two ways, as already mentioned. So, provided that it is planned to sheathe the walls from the inside, as well as to plaster, the most convenient option would be to install hidden wiring. If the wiring in a wooden house is laid after repair and decoration, or wall cladding is not planned at all, then it will be more convenient to have the cables located outdoors or open. Now let's take a closer look at each of these methods, and also try to understand what are the advantages and disadvantages of each of them.
The nuances of installing hidden wiring in a wooden house
Optimal for such work will be cables with non-combustible insulation. But, in any case, they must be stretched into a corrugated sleeve made of metal or plastic. You will also need:
- wood crown;
- drill;
- fastening brackets (clips) according to the size of the corrugation;
- self-tapping screws.
The main task, according to the scheme, is to drill holes in the walls with a drill with a crown, holes of the required diameter for junction boxes, sockets and switches.
Important! A junction box must be located above each circuit breaker. If necessary, holes are drilled above the sockets. You should also pay special attention to the observance of the scheme and the number of cable groups.
Hidden wiring in the house runs at a distance of 15-20 cm from the ceiling. As for the location of the electro-points, their height is already at the discretion of the master. The wire laid in the corrugation is attached with plastic clips and self-tapping screws to the wall in the recesses between the logs. Thus, hidden wiring in a log house will not interfere with the subsequent finishing of the premises.
In each place where a junction box, switch or socket will be installed, tails of about 10-15 cm are left for subsequent wiring and connection. It should be remembered that the internal wiring device wooden house implies the use of cables of a larger cross section than the outdoor one, due to the lack of natural cooling.
Installation of open wiring in a wooden house - the pros and cons
External wiring in wooden houses is much easier to install. In this case, drilling for boxes and switches is not required. Having drawn future routes in accordance with the diagram, it is necessary to fix the junction boxes in the right places, and then fix the cable channel between them, into which the wires will later be laid. Similarly, switches with sockets do not require drilling.
The disadvantage of this method is that all the wires (or rather the cable channels in which they pass) are visible on the walls, which does not suit everyone. Well, the advantages of outdoor wiring in wooden houses include simpler installation, as well as the use of cables of a smaller cross section. In addition, in the event of a wire insulation breakdown or other similar incident, repairs are greatly simplified. After all, external wiring in a wooden house allows its production without compromising the finish. To do this, you just need to open the cable channel and replace the damaged piece of wire from one junction box to another.
Installation of retro wiring in wooden houses - features of work
Nowadays, the retro style has become quite popular in all directions. This trend did not bypass electrical appliances, as well as wiring. And this style is as follows. Along the traced route, at regular intervals, ceramic insulators in the form of a fungus are attached to the wall, on which a two-core cable twisted into a bundle is fixed. Otherwise, the installation of semi-antique electrical wiring in wooden houses is no different from the open method.
In the case of using this method, the cable does not come into contact with wooden surface, and therefore no additional fire protection is used. In order to fully understand how such retro wiring is installed in a wooden house, we bring to your attention a small photo review of such works performed by home craftsmen.
When applying this method, it makes sense to purchase lamps that have an older shape. They are popularly called "Edison lamps". The positive qualities of retro wiring in wooden houses include the unusual surroundings that it creates. And even if it is not done professionally, the interior will come alive in any case.
Electrical wiring in a wooden house: step-by-step photo instructions for the work algorithm
Let's try to make out in general terms how to proceed when installing electrical wiring in a wooden house.
| Photo example | Actions to take |
|---|---|
 | First you need to stock up on the tool and material that is shown in the photo |
 | You also need such a crown if the method of hidden, internal wiring is chosen |
 | Approximately such a scheme should be preliminarily drawn up. That is what we are going to work on. |
 | You need to understand that several groups should come to the introductory shield, but because something like this scheme should already be in your head |
   | Wherever possible, we hide wires under the floor, ceiling or behind wall cladding. |
 | If this is not possible, then we use cable channels and external junction boxes. |
 | If a non-flammable wire is used, it is allowed to pull it without additional protection but it's better to be safe |
 | Now you need to drill holes for sockets and switches with a crown |
 | Everything that remains inside is removed with a chisel and a hammer. |
  | It is especially worth being wary of damage to the core insulation during installation - this can lead to a short circuit when testing the power supply system of a wooden house |
 | This is what it should look like after the previous steps |
 | After that, we install plastic “glasses”, where sockets will be installed after repair |
 | If external wiring is selected, then the end result should look something like this |
When installing wiring with your own hands in wooden houses, you need to monitor the quality of the connections. It is loose contacts that most often cause heating and ignition of cables. That is why, in order not to use a soldering iron, making tighter connections on twists, it is recommended to use special ones. Now consider the connection of the junction box using such devices.
| Photo example | Actions to take |
|---|---|
 | The Vago connectors themselves look like this |
 | They can be divided into self-clamping - disposable (applicable only to a single-core wire) ... |
 | …and reusable with a special lock. Such terminal blocks can clamp both solid and stranded, flexible wires. |
 | Clamping happens like this |
 | It is more convenient if the wires stick out longer from the junction box. This will allow you to mount it without problems, as well as allow you to more conveniently maintain it in the future. |
 | And this is the end result. Doesn't it look quite aesthetically pleasing? |
Important advice! Don't underestimate the importance of cable color coding. The fact is that the coloring greatly simplifies installation.
You just need to remember:
- grounding - always yellow, green or yellow-green wire;
- blue or white-blue - always zero;
- all other colors refer to phase wires.
If you follow this simple rule, installation will be very simple, and you will never get tangled in cables at the stage of connecting the input electrical panel. Yes, and junction boxes will not cause any difficulties or problems.
Having dealt with the question of how to conduct wiring in a wooden house, however, you should not immediately run to the store for cables. There is another important issue that needs to be addressed. And again, a pre-compiled scheme will help with this.
You need to do the following. Having decided which devices will be connected to one or another line, right on the diagram you need to write the total power of the consumed devices for each group. It is these actions that will help to calculate the required cable cross-section before making the wiring in a wooden house.
Which wire to use for wiring in the house - material of manufacture and cross section
Many home craftsmen, having no experience in electrical work, try to lay the cable with the largest possible cross section so as not to be mistaken. But such an approach is fundamentally wrong. And now we will figure out what is the optimal cross-section of the wire and what material for its manufacture is more acceptable.
Someone might say that it is better to use aluminum cables for wiring in wooden houses. They are cheaper and fairly easy to install. Perhaps this is so, but still if you dig deeper, then the savings are not entirely correct. The fact is that at a cost 2 times greater, copper cables have two undeniable advantages:
- The service life of copper is 50-60 years, while aluminum can hardly withstand 20. In addition, in our time there are practically no natural aluminum cables, mainly an alloy that serves even less.
- Copper has less resistance, which means that the cross section of the aluminum wire will be large with the same power consumed by the devices.
From this we can conclude that, taking into account the repeated replacement of wires after 20 years, no savings are obtained, but here we can only indicate the characteristics. It's up to each individual to decide.
For example, we can take the power consumption of 4 kW. To power such a device, aluminum cable, with a cross section of 2.5 mm 2. While copper is only 1.5 mm 2. Some conclusions can already be drawn from this. Below we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the table of wire cross-sections based on power and current load.
We hope that this data will help everyone decide which wire is needed for wiring in the house. Well, for ease of calculating the required cable cross-section, you can use a program that will calculate everything for you.
Calculator for calculating the cable cross-section by power
In terms of electrical installation, wooden buildings are the most complex objects. We have prepared for you a set of rules for wiring in a wooden house, which discusses in detail the issues regarding the choice of materials and cable laying systems, as well as the installation of installation products.
1. Wiring in strict accordance with regulations
The organization of the electrical network in a wooden house is inferior in complexity only to buildings on a fixed polystyrene foam formwork. Laying on combustible substrates is only allowed open way or with 100% localization of the conductor inside the protective sheath.
This requirement is not so strict for frame internal partitions with non-combustible filler. In the most correct version, the passage of the cable through the racks of the frame is accompanied by the sleeve of the latter; in practice, most often the conductor is dressed completely in a corrugation or a metal hose, ensuring interchangeability.
Open laying is also a good solution. There are a number of fittings and installation techniques that make open wiring aesthetically acceptable and even add some color to the interior. In addition to plastic cable channels, it is possible to lay the PV-1 wire wound on ceramic insulators and use non-recessed housing installation fittings. In cases of hidden installation, non-combustible cable brands are used: VVGng or KGng.
Due to the complexity of the installation, cable routing along the walls should be kept to a minimum. But for this you need to thoroughly think over the scheme of laying cable lines.
2. Wiring diagram for walls and ceiling
In the most acceptable version of the electrical network around the house, each electrical point is connected in one straight line with a frame floor, ceiling or draft ceiling, covered with a suspended or tension coating. All the main wiring is carried out along the technological cavity, hidden from view, although more often the lines simply stretch one by one to the group shield. Naturally, the bulk of sockets and switches should be placed on internal walls, and on guards - only if necessary.
A reasonable solution would be to run the lighting wiring from the switches to the ceiling, and lead the wires for connecting sockets down to the floor. Due to their low load, the lighting network lines can be organized using junction boxes that are not accessible for maintenance. It is enough to bring the power line from the circuit breaker to such a box, and from it lower the switching wire to the key and along the power line to each lighting group.
Lines of sockets and groups general purpose allowed to be combined into so-called garlands. It is important that no more than two wires are fixed on each terminal clamp of the sockets. Otherwise, each socket and group is connected in hidden junction boxes, and lines with especially high load from household appliances and heaters follow to the group shield without a break.
It is recommended to cover the loops that gather on the wall at the group shield with a decorative casing. When laying cables in groups, it is also recommended to separate the base with a non-combustible substrate, for example, a piece of drywall.
3. Localization of conductors and branches
For some reason, exposed wiring may not be acceptable. In this case, the task becomes much more complicated, despite the fact that the part of the wiring laid along the walls is only 15-20% of the total length of the lines.
The possibility of hidden laying should be laid at the stage of pre-assembly of the log house. According to the internal power supply plan, technological channels for the cable are made in the walls as they are laid. For this, either electric chisels or core drills are used. The approximate width of the channel is 30-50 mm.
Outlets are drilled in the section of the frame system of the floor or ceilings. The installation of electrical fittings is possible by the recessed method, for this the channel is found with a probe and a hole is drilled with a core drill 60-80 mm in the beam array. Mounting boxes for sockets and switches should be made of steel, preferably with a fiberglass insert.
Pipe sections laid inside the walls must be localized from the environment. A smooth pipe is used for this: metal with a wall thickness of 2.5 mm or steel - from 1.2 mm. These values are indicative, more exact calculation requires taking into account the load and voltage on the line, as well as the type and number of conductors inside the sheath.
For branching power lines hidden in cavities frame structures, it is recommended to use metal boxes. For indoor installation, protection against wood dust with a degree of at least 3 is desirable, moisture protection is not taken into account. The input of the sheaths of cable lines should be flared, or equipped with a restrictive ring or nut that does not allow separation.
4. Safety devices
Wiring in a wooden house can be complicated by the peculiarities of the arrangement of group and switchboards. The difference is observed both in the method of mounting the cases, and in the selection of protective equipment.
Installation of the body of electrical panels must be carried out on a non-combustible base. Therefore, it is recommended to upholster the surface with tin under the central shields with ASU, and when installing group shields, use linings made of textolite or fiberglass.
It is convenient to connect group shields with ceiling and floor by cable channel, in which usually 3-4 lines are laid for each room. It is not recommended to place shields close to the ceiling or floor.
Circuit breakers are selected according to the permissible continuous current for the cable on the outgoing line, the choice is always made in the direction of a lower rating. Equipment that does not have internal short-circuit protection, as well as lines with a fixed maximum load ( ovens, air conditioners) are connected through a circuit breaker with a rating for power consumption and a low delay in response to overload (characteristics B and A).
In wooden houses, it is customary to lay wiring in a three-wire circuit, where the protective conductor is not connected to zero. For this reason, the installation of differential protection against electric shock may be accompanied by false trips. But a fire-fighting type diffuser that monitors insulation leaks will be very useful.
5. Installation of installation products and fittings
At the final stage, the installation of fine electrics is carried out. This is most simply done using non-recessed fittings. It is easy enough to fasten it to a wooden wall with a pair of self-tapping screws, having previously inserted it into the case and connected the wires.
Much more time and effort is spent on the installation of hidden (recessed) fittings. For a tight fit of the frames, a flat surface is required, so the logs are pre-turned with a planer. Next, a hole is made connecting the surface with a hidden channel. It is used as a centering when drilling the installation niche with a hole cutter.
It is characteristic that the installation boxes can be embedded in the same way as in stone walls- by landing on the alabaster. Otherwise, the area must be localized and connected to the cable duct with a non-combustible rigid sleeve.
A house built of wood is good. A lot of people prefer wood as a wall material and this is not surprising. Let's compare wood with another popular building material - brick. A wooden house is being built much faster, a tree is cheaper than a brick, the heat transfer of a tree is much lower, which means that warming a house will cost less. Not to mention the environmental friendliness and beauty of wood. Of course, a tree is not a panacea, it has many drawbacks, and one of them is that it is highly flammable. There are fire-fighting impregnations, but they do not completely solve the problem, besides, it is necessary to impregnate regularly. That is why in our article, which tells about how to make wiring in such a house, the topic of fire safety rules during the electrification of a wooden house will be traced as a red thread.
Basic requirements for electrical installation
Depending on the area, the configuration of your home and energy consumption, you need to think through all the nuances of installing electrical wiring, as well as a number of activities before and after work:
- Draw up a power supply scheme, without it you cannot start work;
- Decide on the materials: types, brands, sections of cables and wires, their number. Same with boxes, sockets, pipes and everything else;
- Now you can start practical actions. First of all, it is necessary to prepare the walls for laying pipes, installing boxes and sockets according to the power supply scheme;
- We select a switchboard depending on the number of consumers and their power and install it;
- We lay wires in pipes and place them in pre-prepared channels, after which we connect sockets.
The requirements are clearly shown in the video:
House power supply scheme
Depending on how much electricity your home will consume, a power supply scheme or project is being made. The project is done when the peak (all electrical appliances in the house are turned on at the same time and on maximum power) consumption is more than 10 kW. In this case, the implementation of the project is mandatory and it is subject to registration with the organization supplying electricity. Quite serious requirements are imposed on the project: it must contain data from electrical circuits external and internal power supply up to fuse-link ratings. Therefore, only a specialist can complete the project in full.
Even if the consumption is less than 10 kW, the circuit is still needed. It shows the exact locations of all the elements and the routes of the wires, preferably with an indication of all distances. This should be carefully thought out and verified, taking into account the location of furniture and household appliances, so as not to block extension cords later.
Entering the cable into the house
Wiring is divided into two types: external and internal.
External installation includes building entry and outdoor lighting. The entrance to the building is an important element of the fire safety system, the entrance can be air and underground. There are the following rules:
For underground input, if the house has a basement, the cable is inserted directly through the foundation through a pipe at least 1 meter from the foundation, depth - 70-80 cm. If there is no basement in the house, the cable rises along the wall of the house in a pipe to a height of at least 1.8 meters. Entering under the foundation is strictly prohibited.
Input-distribution device (ASU)
It is on the ASU that the cable comes from overhead line. Here, at the ASU, the voltage through the machines and fuses diverges throughout the house. The ground bus also comes here, connects to the ground wires in the cable and grounds all electrical installations and lighting fixtures in the house. ASU, or simply a shield, must be made specifically for a wooden house.
The housing of the ASU must be metal. It is very convenient to place an electric meter here, but this should be provided for by the design of the input-distribution device.
Wall preparation
When conducting internal wiring, it is usually placed between the wall and the decorative coating. In this case, it is necessary to exclude direct contact of the cable with the wall surface and decorative coating. To do this, the conductor can be placed in a non-combustible metal hose, overlaying the latter on all sides with insulation in the form of cement or alabaster mortar. But the most reliable and safe is to place the conductor in the pipes, although this is more expensive.
If there is no decorative coating, then channels must be made under the pipes and cut and gouge places for sockets and switches. In this case, you need to think about how to close these channels beautifully and carefully.
materials
In a wooden house, everything related to power supply must be non-combustible:
- The cable and wires must be copper and insulated from a material that does not support combustion, for example, VVGng;
- Sockets and switches must have a metal backing, and the plastic housing must be non-flammable, which must be indicated in the product certificate.
When choosing a cable, try to choose a cable from the same manufacturer with colored cores. This will avoid installation errors. It is customary to connect wires by color as follows:
If you decide to do internal wiring, you need to choose pipes. They can be steel or copper. Steel pipes are less convenient for installation, since with small bending radii you will have to bend the pipe to a hot one, heating the pipe each time with a gas burner or blowtorch. It is easier to work with copper pipes, but they have another drawback - the price is many times higher.
The pipe diameter must be such that the cable occupies no more than 40% of the pipe volume. The wall thickness should be 2.8-3.2 mm. Pay attention that there are no burrs and sharp edges on the edges of the pipes that could cut through the insulation.
We insert metal junction boxes into pre-prepared places and connect them to pipes by soldering or welding.
After completing this stage of work, we check that all these elements are grounded.
Wiring
Now we lay wires or cables in the pipes. It is advisable to take a three-core or five-core, with a ground wire, depending on the connected load. The cable is pulled with a pull cord. At the end of the broach, it is necessary to measure the insulation resistance, make sure that there is no damage.
Now we connect the wires to sockets, switches and lighting fixtures. Connections inside junction boxes can be made in several ways:
open wiring
Cheaper and easier wiring option compared to hidden wiring. It is carried out on the surface of the wall. For this, the following devices are used:
- cable channel;
- Electrical plinth;
- roller insulators.
cable channel It is a box consisting of two parts. One is attached to the wall, cables and wires are laid in it, the second closes them from above under the lock. In this case, the wires must be in non-combustible insulation. Convenience of cable channels - easy access to wiring. The material from which they are made must be non-flammable.
Electrical plinth It is stamped from non-combustible plastic and has channels for laying cables inside.
Roller insulators known for a long time, in some places in old houses they even survived. are now experiencing new life, they are used for conducting open wiring in new houses, although this requires a certain style of the house, the corresponding interior, otherwise it will look ridiculous. With this type of wiring, a special stranded wire with PVC insulation and a decorative silk braid with non-combustible impregnation is mounted on the rollers.
The article describes the most common methods of electrifying a wooden house, and whichever one you choose, always respect electricity, and it will repay you in the same way, bringing warmth and light to the house.
Do-it-yourself wiring installation in a wooden houseThe organization of power supply in wooden houses has a number of points that you need to pay attention to. First of all, this is due to the high flammability of wood, which means that incorrect wiring can easily cause a fire. Consider the stages of preparation and installation, as well as give recommendations and advice regarding this type of work.
Electrical wiring in a wooden house: choice of material, connection to the building
Electricity in a wooden house is carried out in such a way as to minimize the risk of fire.
It must meet the following requirements:
- all cable products must be with a refractory braid, as well as insulated with refractory materials (aluminum or thermal plastic tubes (corrugations) or boxes are used for their laying);
- current-carrying wires must be with copper conductors and with such a cross section as to withstand the necessary load (depending on the power of the connected devices);
- it is also necessary to ensure that the cable laying channels (strobes) are treated with fire protection (Neoflame, Freezol, Fukam) if they are mounted directly in wooden walls. If in a wooden house there is an internal thermal insulation of the walls, then the channels for the cable are made in it, it is important to process it if it is combustible.
External wiring
According to the type of installation, electrical wiring in a wooden house is divided into internal and external. If a wooden house is located in a cottage town or private sector, then the wiring to the house is most often brought through earthen cable channels and wells, and if in a village, then most often by a canopy (by air, by attaching wires to a cable).
When supplying electric current from a common network to buildings, self-supporting wires are most often chosen, where the insulating material is not subject to the damaging effects of the external environment. The optimal cable cross-section is from 16 mm, and the run-up from the point of its entry to the ground is from 2.75 m.
Self-supporting insulated wires are mostly aluminum, and they are categorically not suitable for fire safety standards for wooden buildings, which means that before entering the room, it is necessary to make a transition for a copper cable. This is done by placing outer wall the house of an electricity meter with an aluminum wire connected to it, from which a copper cable will go to the switchboard through a special “sleeve” (the sleeve is a kind of filter and adapter).
Electrical panels are also equipped with:
- emergency shutdown device with automatic devices for 25 or 16 Amperes (for automatically turning off the power supply during power surges within the network);
- RCD - residual current device (to turn off the mains during power surges in the external network).
The choice of type of installation depends largely on the type and aesthetics. decorative design rooms. Do-it-yourself wiring in a wooden house is mounted quite simply, but, of course, there are special recommendations and some nuances of the work here.
Installation of SIP electrical wire to a wooden house video-instruction
Do-it-yourself wiring installation in a wooden house: interior work
Installation of electrical wiring in a wooden house may have some differences in cable laying technology, as well as in consumables, regardless of the type chosen. Hidden wiring is usually laid with a more aesthetic wall finish, placing them in special boxes made of metal or non-combustible plastic directly between the base of the wall and the sheathing (they can be mounted in a heater). This option is ideal for overhaul wooden house or immediately after its construction.
Hidden electrical wiring in a wooden house is placed in refractory boxes. If they are mounted on a tree or fusible insulating materials, then before this, the laying places must be carefully treated with fire protection.
As cable channels, copper or aluminum pipes are especially preferred, since they are cheaper. They are preferred because they easily bend to "cold" and do not transfer heat when the cable is heated. Steel ones are often chosen because of their lower cost, but with significant turning radii they have to be heated. gas burners or blowtorches.
Hidden wiring in a wooden house: project development and route determination
Starting work, it is important to draw up a detailed installation project for wiring, according to which the route of the wire lines is drawn and the locations of branching and junction boxes, switches and sockets, as well as electrical network elements are installed.
As for the route itself, it is desirable that it has as few bends and inclined lines as possible (ideally, all lines should be parallel to each other and relative to the walls / floor of the room), but if this is not possible, then junction boxes should be provided for several lines wiring. They, as a rule, are placed in the maximum accessible places for maintenance, and not in floors or partitions.
After planning the installation route, you can prepare the walls, namely, drill holes for ducts and metal pipes or gouge, depending on the type of installation chosen.
Do-it-yourself electrician in a wooden house: how to choose the right boxes and tubes
The size of the tubes depends on the diameter of the selected cable, as well as on the number of wiring lines (it is not recommended to lay more than two lines in one tube). It is necessary that the electric wires be pulled through them easily, without occupying more than 40% of their internal area. The thickness of the metal is also important to prevent them from burning through during a short circuit.
For instance:
- when choosing wires made of copper (section ≤ 2.5 sq. mm) and aluminum (≤ 4 sq. mm), the thickness is not standardized;
- for cables with a diameter ≤ 6 sq. mm - the thickness must be at least 2.5 millimeters;
- a minimum of 2.8 mm is allowed for pipes made of aluminum and copper with a cross section of ≤ 10 and 4 sq. mm, respectively;
- 3.2 mm - for wires with a diameter of ≤ 25 and 10 sq. mm.
Basic rules for the performance of work
Having prepared the surfaces, you can start laying the boxes and placing the sockets and switches. To do this, nests are drilled in the surfaces. right size and pipes are started, to which the mounting boxes will be attached.
In the case when a copper cable is used, after winding it is important to flare the ends and solder to the box itself, and the edges of the steel can be attached by welding. Junction boxes are installed in the same way, the main thing is that all connections have reliable anti-corrosion protection, and all elements general design grounded without interruption in the circuit.
For electrical wiring, three-core or five-core wires are usually used, equipped with grounding conductors. At the ends of the pipes, special bushings are installed that protect the insulation from possible damage.
Installation of electrical wiring in a wooden house video
Open wiring in a wooden house
Photo 4. Do-it-yourself wiring in a wooden house. Types of installation, connection of the power board
Installation of electrical wiring in a wooden house open type is carried out using cable channels, roller insulators or skirting boards specially designed for this purpose. This type of cable laying is preferable for wooden houses, where repairs have already been made, the walls are insulated and upholstered with facing material.
Wiring in cable channels
Such devices are boxes that are mounted on the wall and, after wiring, are closed with locking fasteners. Here, a non-combustible cable (BBGng, NYM) is usually chosen, and the channels themselves must also be fireproof. The main advantages of this method are ease of installation and easy access to wires.
Insulator rollers
Insulating rollers are not new to open wiring. Here, special cables are taken, which consist of stranded copper conductors with a PVC insulating sheath and a silk coating impregnated with a refractory composition.
For buildings made of wood, open wires should be placed at least 1 cm from the wall, and insulators that look like rollers are used as fasteners. It does not always look aesthetically pleasing, respectively, this method is more suitable for conducting electricity to utility or utility buildings.
Electrical skirting boards
Plinth boxes - used for laying cables under the ceiling or above the floor. They are comfortable, safe and at the same time look quite attractive, do not violate overall design interior. Another plus is that there is always access to the wires themselves, just like when using conventional boxes, but at the same time, all elements are hidden from prying eyes.
Skirting boards are usually used in conjunction with ducts and are ideal for organizing additional connections, with a ready-made electrical network or repairs made.
Installation of a junction (adjustable) box in a wooden house video
Switches and sockets for a wooden house
After studying the wiring diagram and marking the cable lines, you can proceed with the installation of all sockets and switches. For greater fire safety, they, as well as the bases of any lamps, sconces and dimmers, must have metal substrates for fastening to walls or ceilings.
Outcome
As you can see, electrical work in a wooden house can be done independently. Of course, you will need to carefully study the circuits and features, to carry out a lot of calculations and measurements, but if you follow the safety rules and follow our instructions, the wiring of electricity will not cause any problems.
Modern life is unimaginable without electricity. Special attention requires electrical installation in a private country house because it requires increased security. For those who are building their own house and want to know what step-by-step wiring in a wooden house is with their own hands, you should follow the rules very carefully.
Drafting a project
Proper design and installation of electrical wiring depends on the total capacity of all available equipment and household appliances.
The project is divided into several stages:
In order to successfully carry out the installation of electrical wiring, it is necessary to calculate all electrical appliances, their maximum power, as well as the total amount of loads for using the introductory auto switch. This is the only way to carry out the wiring correctly.
Cable, its types and equipment for installation
In a private wooden house, open wiring is mainly used, less often hidden wiring. The cable is laid along the walls and ceiling and mounted in protective devices.
Scheme for separating electrical wiring into different circuits The most common type of protection is plastic boxes, but there are other solutions, such as electrical skirting boards, metal and corrugated pipes. Also common open placement on special insulators.
Aluminum cable can only be used in a brick house!
The copper cable is mainly used, which is characterized by low cost and reliable insulation. If wiring is done in a brick house, then a good alternative to a copper cable is an aluminum cable.
However, in a private wooden house, electrical wiring using aluminum is not recommended for fire safety reasons, especially if it is hidden wiring. Sockets and switches are selected based on their specification. The current strength and type of installation of this equipment are taken into account.
Grounding is an integral part of the connection process! To do this, use a three-core cable equipped with a ground wire.
An example of the layout of electrical wiring on a house plan Overall list required material for successful wiring in a private house looks like this:
- cable;
- protective devices;
- electricity meter;
- sockets;
- switches;
- shield;
- parts for fasteners;
- indicators;
- junction boxes;
- various tools for work (screwdrivers, pliers, pliers, drill, grinder, electrical tape, mounting knives, terminal blocks).
Thanks to these devices, open wiring in a private wooden house will come true very quickly and correctly.
Correct scheme electrical wiring Introductory auto switch, its connection, installation of the switchboard and electric meter
The installation of an introductory auto switch, as a rule, is made after the counter. Then, a residual current device and an introductory machine are installed in the switchboard. Next, you need to ground the shield and make the installation, relying on the diagram.
Diagram of the circuit breaker device Choice input cable is carried out from the maximum power of all available electrical equipment. The function of the introductory circuit breaker is to back up group machines and de-energize the house in case of malfunctions in the wiring.
Wiring in the house also depends on the phase of the network. For this, one-, two- or three-pole circuit breakers are used. It's the same with electricity meters. They are of two types: single and three-phase. In turn, three-phase meters are divided into four types of inclusion: direct, indirect and semi-indirect.
The circuit breaker is mounted immediately after the installation of the electricity meter.
There is also a reactive energy meter. The original schema must contain this information. The electricity meter is installed in a special shield. In a private house, it is usually located at a height of 1.5-1.7 m for more convenient access.
Classification of circuit breakers It is advisable to determine the date of manufacture of the meter, which should not be older than one or two years (for a one- or three-phase meter, respectively). It is also recommended to have a release placed in a special sealed case. Such wiring will make it possible to completely disconnect the equipment from the network.
Laying and cabling
When using cable channels made of self-extinguishing plastic, it is necessary to correctly divide the cable into certain parts, focusing on the desired length. It will be useful to make a margin of 15-20 centimeters. The laid cable is fixed on the walls and ceiling.
For fasteners, self-tapping screws are used, the distance between which is approximately 50 centimeters. Wired connections are made in junction boxes using terminal blocks and adapters. If twists are present, they must be soldered. For insulation, tape or heat shrink is used.
Wiring diagram with junction box Next, the cable is routed and wiring is carried out to switches, sockets and machines, focusing on the color differentiation of the wires. If the walls are prepared for full sheathing for the sake of aesthetics, then hidden electrical wiring in a wooden house is laid in metal or corrugated pipes.
For this, cable routes with strobes are prepared. Because of the wall cladding, the wiring of distribution boxes are installed in such a way that access to them is as convenient as possible.
To exclude the possibility of damage, the insulation test is carried out while pulling the cables through the pipes. For the installation of cables, switches and sockets, various metal sleeves are used.
Grounding installation
Wiring, especially if it is hidden wiring, involves the elimination of dangerous situations associated with a short circuit or open phase, so it is absolutely necessary to make wiring with grounding.
To do this, you need four pins about three meters long and connecting parts made of metal pipes or fittings. The contour of the grounding device most often appears in the form of a square.
Grounding scheme
First, a trench is dug, the area of \u200b\u200bwhich is usually one square meter.
Comparative table of the main types of cables The pins are driven into the ground to a depth of 30-50 centimeters, and by means of electric welding they are interconnected by metal segments. The conductor required for grounding is fixed in the corner with a drill, nut and bolt. It is the link between the switchboard and the ground bus.
In turn, insulated and grounding cable cores are attached to it. After all these steps, the installation of electrical wiring associated with grounding can be considered complete, so the trench is simply buried in the ground.
Ground pins must not be corroded, otherwise it will prevent current from entering the ground.
To increase the life of this design, it is best to cover the pins with paint or use stainless steel materials, since rust prevents electricity from being released into the ground. In order to increase safety, a residual current device (RCD) is used. It protects a person in case of current leakage or damaged insulation.
Power and lighting wires must be connected separately Sockets and lighting equipment
In places marked for mounting switches and sockets, it is necessary to cut out sockets for installing special metal boxes. Installation technology includes a strong connection of cables and boxes.
Exposed wiring is safer One of the main rules that involves the installation of electrical wiring: all elements must be in reliable contact with each other. The best fastening methods are welding or soldering. This option is not subject to corrosion, mechanical stress and provides strong and durable contact.
In addition, the installation of electrical wiring involves the use of copper pipes. If copper products are used, then their ends are flared. In the case of steel pipes, nuts are used that are screwed onto specially cut threads. Metal boxes must have an appropriate protection class to prevent water and dust from entering the box.
System health check
There are several options for checking the work performed on electrical wiring in a private house. You can independently check the completed wiring using a special indicator. If the electrician in a wooden house is installed correctly, then it will show the circuit in closed areas.
An example of a typical wiring diagram in a private house The insulation resistance can be tested with a megger. Another way to check is to call specialists from the electrical laboratory for complex measurement. In case of successful completion of the tests, a protocol is issued in private, which is necessary for sealing the electric meter and reporting to the organization supplying electricity.
The scheme, according to which the entire wiring installation was carried out, is placed on the wall of the switchboard. In case of any malfunctions, this will help determine the source of the problems.
Video
You can watch a video on how to properly install hidden electrical wiring in a wooden house.
