Water purification in a country house: choose and install a system. About choosing a water purification station for a private house Original water treatment technologies in a private house

Content:
Three important tips: about the features of wells, about chem. analysis, about equipment
The main components of the water treatment system
Downhole filter. How to make it yourself.
Mechanical cleaning filters. Prices.
Water treatment stations
Water iron removal: reagent (how it works, prices), reagentless (how it works, prices)
Softening: how it works, cost
Complex cleaning: principle of operation, prices

Living in an urban environment, we do not have to rack our brains over water purification - all this is done for us by city services. Their water treatment facilities replace iron removal, softening and disinfection stations for us. The maximum that we do when we are dissatisfied with the quality of the incoming liquid is to install a small main filter in front of the water flow meter to remove mechanical impurities, and also install some kind of household filter exclusively for cleaning liquids for tea and cooking. Everything becomes much more interesting when we decide to start extracting water from a well in our area.

Even if you belong to the category of people who trust specialists to create comfortable conditions around them, in the case of water treatment, you still have to understand the cleaning technology a little. After all, your health directly depends on the quality of water! For seeding, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the following three tips.

Well station or vice versa?

Water quality largely depends on the characteristics of the drilled well and the area in which the work is carried out. The smaller the well, the higher the risk of encountering an excess in the content of nitrates, hydrogen sulfide, colloidal iron, and organic substances. But great depth does not make water ideal: soluble iron, hardness salts, again, hydrogen sulfide - do not be surprised that you have to deal with one of these misfortunes. The thing is, some are easier to deal with than others.

Most often it happens like this: a person wants to save money, and they drill a so-called well into the sand, which is rather shallow. If your site is relatively close to farmland, there is a high risk that pesticides, nitrates, and more will get into the water. All this can be fought, but, for example, removing nitrates is very difficult and expensive. The most affordable way to do this is to install a reverse osmosis system. And then in this case it will be possible to count only on obtaining water for food purposes. Because only household systems of small productivity are available. And look in the direction of some station, and you will immediately regret that you did not drill a well deeper.

How then to proceed? If there are no swamps nearby, your site is located in a secluded forest corner, and the neighbors do not sin by installing outdoor toilets and septic tanks, then we can consider the option of constructing a shallow well. In all other cases and for permanent residence more convenient to operate, and subsequently cheaper to maintain, the device of an artesian well.

Choosing a water treatment system based on the results of a chemical analysis of water!

For several years in the field of water treatment, the author of this article has repeatedly met people who sincerely wondered why they were being “bred” for some kind of analysis. But believe me, 3-5 thousand rubles. for the analysis - a guarantee that your own water treatment plant will effectively work out every ruble invested in it. In the course of the article, we will talk more than once about the content of certain substances in water in relation to the maximum allowable standards, but already now you should remember that important document is SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01 - it spells out what water should be. By comparing the results of chemical analysis with SanPiN data, you can easily find the culprit bad water. And this will simplify the task of choosing a filter for purifying water from a well much more than statements about a tasteless and unpleasantly smelling liquid.

Before contacting the laboratory, be sure to pump the well. This means that you will need to extract at least 10 cubes of water from it. Otherwise, the results of the analysis will not be able to reflect the real state of affairs.

We calculate the capabilities of the equipment before buying it!

When you already know what type of water treatment plant you need, think about what characteristics it should have. The following parameters need to be evaluated:

• performance. When it comes to performance, great importance has the number of taps that can be turned on at the same time in your home. A simple example: someone is washing the dishes, another family member is taking a shower at this time, and one of the guests decided to flush the toilet. In order for everyone to have enough water, the water treatment system must be designed for at least three points of water intake. But most often they deviate from all sorts of assumptions and start from the number of bathrooms in the house. Separate consideration is required when the house has a jacuzzi, or there is a pool on the site. Necessary note: for two to four people, the capabilities of equipment designed for two points are usually sufficient;
• sewer type. The fact is that the substances that we get rid of with the help of water treatment must also be disposed of. A rough example: we have a container with sand through which we pass a liquid with insoluble impurities. They are held by the sand, but on certain stage filtration efficiency is significantly reduced because our makeshift filter becomes clogged. We need to wash the sand. And where will the impurities he retains go? That's right, down the drain. This is especially true with regard to reagent softening and iron removal stations, for the regeneration of the filtering abilities of which special substances are used. And where does it all go? Well, if the sewerage is centralized. It is good if it is possible to arrange large drainage fields for draining wastewater. It is bad if you use a septic tank or a permeable bottom ring structure. Just because the wash water (and its volume is quite large) needs to be put somewhere. And in no case should you send wastewater to the so-called local treatment facilities - all the beneficial microbes inside them will simply die out;
• degree of automation. Most of the water treatment systems used in private homes operate in several modes. At this stage, the main mode and the mode of regeneration of the filtering load deserve attention. Those. at a certain stage of water treatment, it is necessary to switch the station. This can be done manually or by relying on automation. Naturally, the first option is cheaper, but it’s worth seriously considering whether you are ready to periodically devote up to an hour of your time to equipment ... once a week, a couple of days, or even every day;
• sizes. The dimensions of the equipment are directly related to its performance. And it is desirable to take this into account already at the stage of designing a house - somewhere you need to place everything you need. There are cabinet-type mini-stations for water purification and compact block systems (for one house and seasonal residence), classic stations (for one building and permanent residence), modular and block-modular (for several houses and permanent residence).

The main components of the water purification system for the home

Let's trace the path of water from the well to the tap. The first and coarsest cleaning of the liquid is carried out already inside the well using a downhole filter (1). All other elements are in the house: a self-cleaning mud filter (2), a water treatment station (3), a fine main filter (4), a household filter for drinking water (5).

It is obvious that each subsequent water treatment unit is responsible for more and more fine purification. Only this approach can provide high cleaning efficiency with minimal material and maintenance costs.

Downhole filter

Such a filter is needed tritely in order to protect pumping equipment from large mechanical impurities. Depending on the material used for the manufacture of such structures, as well as the design of the filtering surface, slotted, perforated, wire, mesh and gravel filters are distinguished. Most often, corrosion-resistant materials such as stainless steel and plastic are used for these purposes. The average cost of a five-meter slot-type PVC-U filter varies between 2200-3500 rubles, with a synthetic or stainless mesh - from 3900 rubles. and so on in ascending order. Why not think about how to make this simple device yourself? See how it works in a small business.

Here we need to make a small lyrical digression. The fact is that when arranging a new well, of course, if it is not done by hand, the owner rarely bothers with the manufacture of home-made filters. Having thoroughly spent on drilling and all other work, it is no longer a pity for some 4 thousand. It's different when talking goes already about an operating well that needs to be helped by an additional barrier to mechanical impurities. It is easy to make a downhole filter from a pipe of a smaller diameter than the casing pipe and lower it into the water intake zone.

How to make a filter for a well

In most cases, it is sufficient to use a pipe according to the diameter of the steel or plastic casing. Three meters will be enough to provide the necessary water intake. These three meters must be divided into three zones, as shown in the figure below. The lower part (settlement) is necessary to hold heavy impurities that will pass through the well filter. The main filtering part will be higher, and 2 meters of pipe will be allocated to it. The remaining 0.5 m is needed to stiffen the upper part of the filter so that there are no problems during the installation phase of the structure - hence the name "installation zone".

Briefly about what we have to do. In the filtering zone of the pipe, it is necessary to make round holes or slots, wrap this zone with a cord, and cover it with a net from above. For these purposes, you will need the following:

• filter material: steel or plastic pipe (3 meters), thick polyamide cord (from 3 mm), special polyamide mesh, for example, P64, pipe cover;
• tools: tape measure, screwdriver with 10 mm drill, construction stapler, hacksaw

To stiffen the pipe, especially plastic product, a plug-cap is clogged into its lower part. It will also play the role of a mechanical filter, because then you need to drill several holes in it for water access. Use a 10 mm drill, no more - three to five holes will be enough.

All other works relate to the middle zone of our well filter:

1. On a two-meter segment of our homemade product, it is necessary to drill holes in a checkerboard pattern. Use a tape measure and keep 100mm between the holes vertically and horizontally. Instead of holes, you can make slots. Use a hacksaw for this purpose and make 100 mm long slots in 20 mm increments on two opposite sides of the pipe. In order not to greatly reduce the rigidity of the future filter, leave a section of 100 mm every 10 holes.
2. At the edges of the filtering zone, drill paired holes for attaching the cord. Wrap the pipe in a spiral with a synthetic cord - you should get somewhere around 10-15 turns. The step in this case is approximately 150-250 mm. A cord is required in order not to limit the filtering surface with previously made holes. With it, the mesh will not fit snugly against the pipe.
3. Create an additional filter layer with P64 braided synthetic mesh. The price of such material is 1000-1300 rubles. per sq. m. It is better to attach it with a stapler directly to the pipe.

Equipment for coarse and fine cleaning

For rough cleaning of water extracted from a well, it is most advisable to use mud collectors. They are mesh main filters that purify water using a stainless steel mesh with a square cell from 500 to 50 microns. As a rule, filter elements with a mesh size of 100 µm are used, because this is quite enough to solve the task: to retain sand, silt, clay - and at the same time reduce the pressure in the pipe less. To understand what 100 microns is, imagine the thickness of a human hair.

There are self-cleaning designs of mud collectors and collapsible models. In the conditions of a water supply device in your own home, it is preferable to use a self-washing product. Structurally, it is a prefabricated body made of a metal lid and a flask, in the lower part of which there is a ball valve, and inside there is a grid. There are models with a pressure gauge, a pressure reducer (more relevant for apartments) and other options. To indicate the state of the grid, the flask is often made of a transparent material. This is very convenient, because you can clean it from accumulated mechanical impurities without shutting off the water and without disassembling the filter. It is enough to substitute a bucket under it and open the valve: with a powerful jet of water, all excess will be washed from the grid.

For finer mechanical cleaning, cartridge filters are installed. The most popular sizes are BB10? and BB20?. Foamed polypropylene or a cartridge made of polypropylene are most often used as filter elements. activated carbon(less often).

How much will it cost?

We will not be tied to specific manufacturers - we will simply point the plug to expensive (within reasonable limits) and cheap models that are appropriate when installing a water treatment system in a private house.

(*) - the most popular models from Honeywell, but be careful, there are a lot of fakes among them. To learn how to protect yourself from buying them, see the video below.

Station types

Almost all stations consist of the same parts, and their work is carried out using the same technology. The only difference is the availability additional options and technical specifications equipment. For private houses, depending on the nature of the residence, they most often buy either a cabinet-type mini-station or a classic water treatment system. Let's briefly describe each of them.

But first, let's do a little educational program to make our dialogue more meaningful. There are several concepts with which we will operate later.
Control unit, valve, head - a device that switches the operating modes of the station. As a rule, it is mounted in the neck of the cylinder. It can be automatic or manual.
Cylinder, filter column, backfill tank, station body - sealed fiberglass tank of elongated shape, in which water treatment processes take place due to the filter load inside.
Filter media, media, backfill, mixture - a single- or multi-component bulk material that retains impurities contained in water due to ion-exchange, oxidative or catalytic processes. However, as the water is filtered, the ability of the load to cope with its functions deteriorates. It is good that the process is reversible and when the backfill is processed with special reagents, it is possible to regenerate them.
Load regeneration is the process of restoring the properties of the filter material by backwashing or washing with regenerating solutions: common salt, potassium permanganate, etc. The latter are stored in a special tank.

For seasonal living and economical water consumption, cabinet-type stations are used. We will show what it is using the example of the Geyser Aquachief 0717 model. A block with a size of 230x380x600 mm is convenient for transportation, so it can be easily brought to the dacha in the season and taken away with the onset of the first cold weather. So you will save it from sub-zero temperatures and the hands of thieves. Specifically, this example is equipped with an automatic control unit and is capable of delivering up to 0.5 cubic meters of purified water per hour. Inside the case there is a small cylinder in which 8 liters of Ecotar B load is placed, the regeneration of which will take up to 1 kg of table salt each time.

The classic water purification station in a private residence is a full-size cylinder with a valve, as well as a free-standing regenerant tank. In fact, the name of the system is determined chemical composition loading and reagent.

In the text, we will periodically talk about the fact that a mechanical control unit is cheaper, and it is quite possible to get by with it. But in practice, it’s better to fork out and install an automatic valve - there will be less headaches. It can be configured to regenerate at night, when no one needs water. You will only need to occasionally monitor the presence of reagents in a special tank, if it is supposed to be in the water treatment scheme.

Iron removal stations

As you know, according to the norms, the concentration of iron in water should not exceed 0.3 mg / l. But already near these values, the liquid acquires a characteristic metallic taste. And already by 1 mg / l, it is felt “on the teeth”. Excess iron affects the condition of pipes, plumbing, and water heaters. But here you need to make a small lyrical digression and talk about how iron is in water.

We are interested in two forms: oxidized (in most cases, insoluble, Fe3+) and reduced (soluble, Fe2+). One of the insoluble forms known to many is rust. Most often, it makes itself felt when water is not supplied through old steel pipes for some time, and when it is supplied, streams of red liquid escape from the tap. Such iron belongs to the category of ordinary mechanical impurities, and it is easy to remove it with a special filter. The cheapest way is to use main filters with a foam polypropylene cartridge. It is a completely different story with the soluble form of Fe2+.

Exceeding the limiting concentrations in a soluble form can be determined organoleptically, by taste. Mined from the bowels, it is at first as transparent as pure water should be. But after some time, if you collect it in some kind of container and leave it in the air, the water may acquire a yellowish tint, the intensity of which directly depends on the concentration of Fe2 +. It's simple: the liquid is saturated with atmospheric oxygen, Fe2 + is oxidized to an insoluble form of Fe3 +. If you defend it further, then the suspension will precipitate.

most complex shape is the so-called colloidal or organic iron. These are complex compounds, the presence of which is due to the deplorable state of pipelines, the extraction of water from an unsuccessful surface source or a shallow well. We hope that the analysis of your water will not show the presence of organic iron, because the solution to this problem is too expensive, requires an integrated approach and individual consideration.

If you are looking for a water iron removal station, then with a high degree of probability one of two system options will suit you:

Reagent type water treatment;

Chemical-free water treatment

All that is needed is to oxidize Fe2+ to Fe3+. The question is how exactly to do it.

Reagent type iron removal station

In most reagent-type filter media for iron removal, the potential of a powerful oxidizing agent, manganese oxide, is used. The most popular filter media is Manganese Greensand or Green quartz sand. It is a bulk material glauconite, impregnated with manganese oxides, and is a very effective tool not only for iron, but also for hydrogen sulfide (the one with the smell of rotten eggs). Oxidized, insoluble iron is retained in the bulk mass of the backfill. This works under the following conditions:

• iron and manganese content up to 15 mg/l;
• hydrogen sulfide concentrations up to 5 mg/l;
• water pH 6.2-8.5

those. In most cases!

Device and principle of operation

Here and below, we will consider models with a cylinder with a diameter of 10x44?, whose power is sufficient to simultaneously provide clean water two water points. This is the most popular solution. The cylinder will contain 7 liters of quartz substrate with a grain size of 3-5 mm, 28 liters of Manganese Greensand, a drainage distribution system (DRS) for distributing water flows. From above it is necessary to screw in the control unit (CU), next to the cylinder - install a tank with regenerant, which will contain potassium permanganate.

Briefly about how it will work. Water will be supplied to the CU, then to the loading from top to bottom to the substrate, then along the DRS up to the CU and to the exit from the deironing station. As the oxidizing capacity of Manganese Greensand is exhausted, the CU will switch to regeneration mode: first, mechanical contaminants are washed out of the filter material by backwashing, then part of the water is fed into the tank with the regenerant, a solution of potassium permanganate is prepared there (about 4 g of dry permanganate is needed per 1 liter of load) , which is pumped into the tank and restores the oxidative properties of Manganese Greensand. Before switching to the main mode, the contents of the cylinder are washed with a direct flush so that there is no potassium permanganate left. When flushing, water descends into the sewer.

Important! If you have a septic tank in your sewerage system, in which beneficial bacteria play an important role, then it is not recommended to drain the wash water there - potassium permanganate will kill all microflora. It is better to allocate a separate storage capacity for this business. Or consider other water treatment options.

All that is required of you, provided that you use an automatic control unit, is to monitor the amount of potassium permanganate in the tank. Well, about once every 10 years, you will have to change Manganese Greensand, because. nothing lasts forever in this world.

Let's calculate how often the station will switch to regeneration mode and how much potassium permanganate will be needed for a month of operation of the iron removal reagent station. It is known that 1 liter of Manganese Greensand is able to oxidize approximately 1.34 g of iron, 0.67 g of manganese, 0.27 g of hydrogen sulfide. Suppose that a family of 3 people per day will need up to 2 cubes clean water, per month - up to 62 cubic meters, and the results of chemical analysis showed an iron content of 3 mg / l. This means that for the whole month you need to remove: 0.003 * 62000 \u003d 186 g of iron. We have at our disposal a 10x44 station with 28 liters of load, the potential of which for iron is: 1.34 * 28 = 37.52 g. Divide 186 by 37.52 and get the average number of regenerations per month equal to 5. This means that every six days The VU will switch to boot recovery mode. For a month you need to stock up on potassium permanganate: 28 * 5 * 4 \u003d 560 g.

Issue price

A high-quality cylinder of size 10 × 44 will cost about 5-7 thousand rubles, a control unit: mechanical 1.5-2 thousand rubles. or automatic 10-35 thousand rubles. - DRS for 0.5-1 thousand rubles, a tank for potassium permanganate at a price of 7 to 10 thousand rubles.

As for downloads, granular quartz for the substrate costs a penny relative to everything else: from 0.5 to 1 thousand rubles. for the entire volume. Another thing, Manganese Greensand: from 15 to 20 thousand rubles. for the required volume. Potassium permanganate will cost 0.8-1.5 rubles. per kg. We think that it will not be difficult for you to estimate the approximate amount of costs for a water treatment plant for iron removal by a reagent method.

Total: ? 40 ... 80 thousand rubles.

Reagent-free iron removal station

If you are lucky, and your water with a pH of 6.8-9.0 does not contain hydrogen sulfide and organic excesses, and the content of dissolved iron and manganese is not more than 1 mg / l, then you can get by with a simpler and cheaper water treatment scheme. They use catalytic mixtures as loading, for example, Birm (Birm) and Pyrolox (Pyrolox), or a combination of them.

How it works

Special loading has catalytic abilities and is able to convert soluble forms of iron and manganese into insoluble forms deposited in the backfill layer. All that is needed for its regeneration is backwashing with ordinary water, in which insoluble forms of iron and manganese will be washed out of the filter media.

Often used are schemes with aeration columns, in which water is saturated with oxygen from the air driven there by a compressor. Those. there will already be two cylinders + the need for a compressor + additional expenses for electricity. Therefore, when choosing a scheme, it is necessary to individually evaluate the economic component. Homemade option discussed in the video above.

And a few words about the price

In this case, you do not need to buy reagents and, accordingly, a tank for them. In addition, Burm is half the price of Greensand. For the normal functioning of the station, only three modes are needed: working, reverse and forward flushing. Those. you can save by installing a mechanical control unit.

Total: ? 30 ... 60 thousand rubles.

Softening stations

Scale in the kettle, frequent breakdowns of the coffee machine, water, after boiling which a barely noticeable film floats on the surface - all these are the consequences of exceeding the hardness salts in the produced liquid. According to SanPiN standards, total hardness up to 7 ** mg * eq / l is normal. Let's get acquainted with the substances with which we will have to fight. These are calcium and magnesium bicarbonates (to a greater extent), as well as their sulfates and chlorides. The main task of any softening station is to reduce the amount of calcium and magnesium ions in the water.

(**) - despite the fact that 7 mg * eq / l fits into the SanPiN standards, using such water will not give you much pleasure. For some reason, in Europe this is far from being considered the norm (there is a norm of 1.2 mg * eq / l).

How it works

Without exception, all stations operate on ion-exchange resins - cation exchangers made of inert materials, the coating of which contains active functional groups capable of exchanging one metal for another. Roughly speaking, initially sodium ions are fixed on the resin, when they are passed through the water from the well, they are replaced by calcium and magnesium ions, and they themselves are sent to the draw-off point. Thanks to ion exchange, we simply exchange one for another.

The classical situation involves a decrease in stiffness to almost zero. Very soft water can be disliked by the fact that every hand wash with soap will leave the feeling that the soap has not rinsed off well. But detergents will go less. If you need some kind of middle option, then you will have to arrange schemes with the admixture of the original water in order to dilute the resulting soft liquid with a harder one.

At the stage of regeneration, the ion exchange resin is washed with a salt solution prepared in the salt tank, due to which its useful ability is restored. Tableted salt is used as a regenerant - perhaps one of the cheapest reducing agents for stations. It is the form in tablets that is used, and not loose material, prone to caking and petrification.

Let's try to calculate the frequency of switching the softening station to recovery mode and the amount of salt needed for this process. The typical ion-exchange capacity of a resin is 1200 mg*eq/l, an indicator that tells how many mg*eq of calcium and magnesium can be removed with one liter of load. This means in our column 10? 44? with 28 liters of filling, the ion exchange potential will be: 1200 * 28 = 33600 mg * eq / l. Suppose that about 2 cubic meters of water with a hardness of 7 mg * eq / l will be produced per day. Hence 33600*0.8/(2000*7)=1.92, where 0.8 is the safety factor. Those. in our conditions, roughly speaking, every two days it is necessary to carry out regeneration. On average, 150 g of salt is needed per liter of loading, in our case, each regeneration will cost 0.15 * 28 = 4 kg of salt.

Cost of equipment

The task of softening is perhaps one of the least expensive among the reagent methods of water treatment. Judge for yourself: tableted salt at a price of 500 ... 1000 rubles. per bag 25 kg. Usually one bag is enough for a month. The salt tank, oddly enough, with its dimensions is cheaper than the potassium permanganate tank as part of iron removal stations - 3000 ... 5000 rubles. for a 70 liter container. Ion-exchange resin will be required for approximately 5000 ... 7000 rubles. You can also save on the valve by using a cheaper mechanical control unit.

Total for the softening station: ? 30 ... 50 thousand rubles.

Integrated training stations

Complex water treatment means the removal of hardness salts, iron and manganese - softening and iron removal in one bottle. For these purposes, Ecotar B and Ecotar B30 loads are often used. But at the same time, water must meet the following basic requirements:

• iron content is not more than 15 mg/l (for Ecotar B) or 30 mg/l (Ecotar B30);
• manganese content is not more than 5 mg/l;
• hardness up to 12 mg*eq/l;
• without exceeding SanPiN for permanganate oxidizability, preferably not more than 3 mg/l

Water from deep wells usually fits these requirements.

A few words about how it works

Equipment for complex water treatment, in which a multi-component loading of the Ecotar B type is used, belongs to the reagent type. To restore the filter bed, it is washed with a solution of table salt - everything is the same as in softening systems. Iron and manganese that have passed into an insoluble form are removed during backwashing.

Let's calculate how much water will pass through our 10x44 balloon? backfilled with Ecotar B before regeneration is required. Initial conditions: 28 liters - this is how much the filter load fits, 1200 mg * eq / l - the exchange capacity of the load, 6 mg * eq / l - the hardness of our water according to the results of chemical analysis, 5 and 3 mg / l - the content of iron and manganese, respectively. The volume of treated water is calculated as follows: 28*1200/(6+1.3(5+3))=2049 l. With water consumption at the level of 2 cubic meters per day, the complex preparation station will switch to regeneration mode every 24 hours, while spending about 150 mg of salt per liter of load or 28 * 0.15 = 4.2 kg for the entire volume. It will take 4.2 * 31 = 130 kg in a month ... We took not the best chemical analysis.

The video below demonstrates another classic iron removal and softening scheme, but it is necessary to use as many as three cylinders.

Price

In fact, the complex system is similar to softening equipment, so the prices for it are about the same.

Total per station complex cleaning: ? 30 ... 50 thousand rubles.

Instead of a conclusion

90% of people who need to clean water from a well and equip a water treatment system will turn to the services of specialists. But we recommend pumping a well, getting the results of a chemical analysis, and only in case of a “clinical case” with water, spending money on some services. If there are no problems with nitrates and organic iron, then you can always choose the necessary equipment yourself!

Have questions or need advice? write in the comments, we will definitely answer!

People who own private houses and cottages know firsthand about the problems of polluted water. Having bought land plot, many face a lack of water supply and break through wells, but even this cannot guarantee that the water extracted from them will be suitable for consumption. Is it worth reminding that such water can lead to very unfavorable consequences?! The best solution to this problem is to install water filters in private houses and cottages.

Water purification filter private house

Using a filter to purify the water of a private house will greatly improve the quality of the water used. You will very quickly feel how unpleasant tastes and odors disappear, as well as turbidity. This equipment will serve you for long years, and there will be no difficulties during operation. The water purification filter for your home will make sure that the water becomes tasty and safe.

Cottage water filter

There are certain types of filters designed specifically for water purification in cottages. They do the job very effectively. Studies show that water in suburban settlements is no less polluted than in cities and large metropolitan areas. If you want to protect yourself and your family from untreated water, then you can not do without water filters for the cottage. Water purification systems for the cottage will remove all harmful microorganisms and iron from the water. Taking care of your health, also do not forget that by installing water purification filters for cottages, you will protect your household appliances and santruby, from possible breakage and corrosion.

A centralized water supply system, a well or a well in most cases offer water saturated with calcium, magnesium compounds, as well as heavy metals, iron (bivalent, trivalent), oil residues, nitrates. Only a filtering plant will help protect technological equipment and the population from the harmful effects of using such water. Moreover, practice has shown that the most effective for industrial and private use is a system based on ion-exchange resins.

How does a cottage water filter work?

Standard water treatment system country house performs all operations automatically, cleaning the liquid during its passage through the installation.

The process looks like this:

• mechanical impurities are removed at the first stage in a granular layer (created on the basis of quartz sand);
• ions of harmful impurities are absorbed in the next layer of special resins, where moisture is also saturated with sodium compounds.

Sodium ions give water a slightly salty taste, but do not cause scale when heated. Therefore, water purification for a cottage in this way is most relevant.

The most effective in systems based on ion-exchange resins is their regeneration. It is a very simple process from the user's point of view - washing the backfill with table salt, then it is ready for work again. If the operating rules are observed, the system will operate from one filter bed for more than 5 years (under warranty).

What is the benefit of a water filter for a private house

The use of water contaminated with heavy metals and salts of sodium, calcium leads to the development of various pathologies in the body of animals and humans. Mechanisms, machines that use such a liquid in their work are subject to increased wear and tear, require more expensive maintenance (cleaning with cleaning agents, periodic use of chemicals from scale, rust).

Banal dishwasher you will have to wash off rust deposits once a week, and once a quarter at washing machine scale needs to be removed.

Filters for a private house can protect the user and his equipment from the harmful effects of impurities, reduce his costs for household chemicals. Thus, improving the ecology of the area, since instead of an abundance of household chemical compounds, only harmless ones caught by the filter are drained into the sewer. chemical elements(salts, metals).

Water filter for cottage maintenance

First, studies are carried out on the site, establishing the level of contamination of the liquid, and then the treatment plant is selected according to the needs and capabilities of the user (in terms of total cost, level of water consumption). Usually, specialists explain in detail to the user how to use and maintain the system, leave instructions. However, it is not superfluous to remember that the ion-exchange water filter for a private house requires granular salt in the form of tablets for flushing. It has been practically established that ordinary household table salt, when used for washing a treatment plant, causes crystallization (at a high solution concentration and room temperature) and the formation of various seals. These phenomena ultimately increase the consumption of materials, and reduce the cleaning efficiency. In addition, salt in tablets, which is used by water filters in private house, contains the optimal pure NaCl compound, without iodine and fluorine. As a result, dissolution occurs at an optimal, "passport" speed.

Benefit from use

In order for water filters to provide a private house at the required level, engineers calculate the quantity:

• points of water intake in the dwelling;
• living people;
• household appliances that use water.

The company can offer installations of various capacities, designed to treat certain pollutants. Following the advice of the company's full-time engineer, you can provide your home with high-quality, clean, and most importantly healthy water for decades. The cleaning process in terms of the time of use will be carried out with minimal financial investment. Given the program of subsidies and loans, the benefits of cooperation offered by the supplier company are obvious.

Reliable protection

If the user does not want to change every few years heating elements on a heating boiler, household appliances (or periodically buy new ones), then water treatment in country house he needs. Moreover, it is desirable that it be based precisely on the ion exchange process, since it is the most effective.

Modern installations have a high degree of automation and many ordinary procedures, whether it is the regeneration and discharge of the washed backfill (filter composition) into the sewer, are performed automatically, without user intervention.

A special control unit, taking into account the interval of the elapsed time and the volume of already purified moisture, will control the processes of restoring the properties of the filtration backfill. Automation controls the level of sodium salts, if the indicators go beyond the norm, an alarm will go off.

What Profwater offers

If you need water purification for a country house, then The best decision, order Profwater works. You will be offered:

• free departure of engineers to the site and sampling on the ground;
• accurate laboratory analysis that will establish the quality of water and all pollutants;
• qualified selection of the installation strictly for the conditions of your site (cleaning from hardness, hydrogen sulfide, iron, pesticides or salts of heavy metals);
• automatic installation, easy to maintain with a 5-year warranty;
• qualified work on the implementation of a treatment plant at your site;
• service and post-warranty maintenance of the supplied equipment.

The company provides comprehensive services for the implementation of water treatment systems that provide moisture that meets the sanitary standards adopted in the Russian Federation.

Users of our portal know that within the framework of the project with FORUMHOUSE, we have built a modern cottage in the Moscow region with our partners. During the construction of the house, materials and technologies were used that provide the maximum level of comfort. In particular, the specialists installed a water purification system, through which the residents of the cottage will receive water. drinking quality. Therefore, within the framework of this article, in the format of a master class, with the help of an expert of the Geyser Group of Companies, we will answer the following questions:

• How to choose a system for water treatment in the cottage.
• How is water purified to drinking quality.
• What equipment is used for this.

The nuances of choosing equipment for a country house water treatment system

The modern country house is equipped with last word technology. It includes all engineering systems that ensure its life and comfort for residents. An important role among them is played by water supply, the task of which is not only to supply water for taking a bath, washing dishes, cooking and, especially, for drinking, but also to prepare it in a special way.

Alexander PimenovDeputy General Director of the Geyser Group of Companies for Science

Water is not just H 2 O. Water contains both useful and harmful impurities. Useful - these are mineral salts, which in too large quantities, on the contrary, do not bring benefits. When choosing the components of a water treatment system, first of all, the user should be concerned about harmful impurities, in other words, pollution.

To understand the essence, everything “harmful” can be divided into:

1. Mechanical impurities that are not dissolved in water. These are sand, silt, clay, suspensions, rust, etc.
2. Dissolved chemical compounds:

• inorganic substances: excess hardness salts, compounds of iron, manganese, heavy metals, and radioactive substances can also be found in water;
• organic compounds, including natural humic acids contained in the soil, as well as toxic, chlorine-containing substances, etc.

1. Biological pollution - bacteria and viruses.

Harmful substances can get into the soil, and from there into the water, for example, into a well or a shallow well, due to the discharge of industrial waste, vehicle exhaust gases. Often, plots for IZhS are allocated in places where previously there was intensive work Agriculture, and the entire "chemical cocktail" from fertilizers has long penetrated the soil.

Even if the water extracted from a well or from a well does not cause suspicion in taste, smell and color, this does not mean that it does not contain harmful chemical elements and substances.

Therefore, all water, both drinking and technical, used for washing, washing dishes, etc., must comply with sanitary rules and regulations. The quality of water in urban networks is regulated by the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01 ( Hygiene requirements to the quality of water in centralized drinking water supply systems).

Citizens who are not satisfied with the quality of water supplied centrally by municipal services (Vodokanals) can install household filters in their apartment. Such filters will purify water from mechanical impurities, for example, rust (which got into the water due to old pipes), "chemistry", "organics", bacteria, etc.

A country dweller, in contrast to one living in the city and having the “first line of defense” in the form of the Vodokanal waterworks, is deprived of such an advantage. From here: the owner of a country house when purifying water should be guided by the rule "take care of yourself."

Alexander Pimenov

A country house is usually not connected to a centralized water treatment system, so you can’t get off with buying and installing a simple household filter. It will quickly become clogged if it is supplied with river or lake water from large quantity sand, silt, water creatures, etc. Well and borehole water can be destructive due to the abundance of inorganic substances and natural organic humic acids. Therefore, in front of the household filter, you need to install a special water purification system for cottages - an analogue of urban treatment facilities, but in an individual format.

The question arises: how to choose such equipment and install it? Need to start with detailed laboratory analysis (composition) of water.

This will allow you to find out which impurities and harmful substances are in the water, for which of them the permissible concentrations are exceeded, and then select the water treatment system that is best suited for a particular situation.

Ways to purify water in a cottage

When choosing a system and equipment for water treatment in a country house, one should adhere to the following algorithm: first, a laboratory analysis of water is carried out, then substances and compounds whose content exceeds the maximum allowable standards are identified, then a system for water treatment is selected and designed, then the equipment is installed at the facility, after - the operation of the equipment is checked and its commissioning is carried out.

In fact, each of the above points can have sub-points. First you need to understand what equipment, how and from what purifies water. For example, household filters do the following:

• "Mechanics" is cleaned with mechanical filters.
• "Chemistry" is cleaned by chemical and physico-chemical methods, namely: inorganics are cleaned mainly by ion exchange, organics - mainly by sorption.

• "Biology" is cleaned with special techniques: active silver added to sorbents eliminates bacteria; only membranes (reverse osmosis, nanofiltration) and other high-tech methods, such as ultraviolet irradiation of water, will get rid of viruses.

Alexander Pimenov

The reverse osmosis membrane is versatile and takes over the work of all the methods described above. This method of purification is suitable for all types of water - soft, hard, super-hard, ferruginous.

In reverse osmosis, only water and oxygen molecules pass through the pores of the membrane. Although substances with a molecular size smaller than H 2 O also pass through them, they are usually few in number.

Important: when installing a reverse osmosis system, one of the key elements of the system is the mineralizer. It contains natural components that restore the mineral composition of the water that has passed through the reverse osmosis membrane.

The principle of operation of the water treatment system of a country house

Consider the following example of choosing equipment and components for water treatment for a cottage.

Suppose, according to the results of the analysis, it turned out that the water needs to be purified from hydrogen sulfide, ferrous iron (iron dissolved in water) and manganese.

To do this, you can mount an integrated system with aeration, which prepares water suitable for use in the bathroom when taking a shower, toilet, washing dishes and other household needs. A diagram of such a system is shown in the figure below.

1. Mechanical disc filter - so-called. "sump". With its help, there is a preliminary purification of water entering the house from a water supply source, from mechanical impurities (sand, silt) with a size of 100 microns.

1. Aeration column for saturating water with atmospheric oxygen for the purpose of subsequent oxidation and removal of inorganic pollutants: compounds of iron, manganese and gases dissolved in water, mainly hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. The subsequent oxidation and removal of contaminants takes place in a column located between the apparatuses pos. 2 and 3 in the picture. The filter material loaded into the column combines two functions: acceleration of the oxidation reaction (it is a catalyst for the process) and precipitation of the oxidation products, i.e. physically removing them from the water.

1. Softener for removing inorganic pollutants - excess hardness salts (calcium and magnesium salts) with a blue tank, where a sodium chloride solution is prepared to regenerate the filter material.

The operation mode of the column can be controlled automatically or manually.

1. Filter with mechanical cleaning cartridge. This filter is necessary in order to retain undissolved impurities “at the finish”, as well as to prevent the load from being carried out of the system into the pipeline supplying water to the consumer.

After the mechanical cleaning cartridge, you can install ultraviolet lamp for disinfection (disinfection) of water, during which fungi, viruses, bacteria and algae die.

Important: to purify "difficult" water with a large number of harmful elements, it is not necessary to install a separate column with its own type of loading to remove each substance. In order not to mount an overly complex system consisting of several columns and taking up too much space in the technical room of the cottage, you can use multi-component loading. Such a universal load is capable of purifying water from dissolved iron, manganese, hardness salts, heavy metal ions, etc.

• filtration - at this stage, water is purified;
• regeneration - at this stage, the filtering properties of the load are restored, which ensures a long service life of the system.

Further, after cleaning and preparation of the so-called. technical water, it is further purified to the state of high quality drinking water using a special system based on a reverse osmosis membrane.

Conclusion: the meaning of high-quality water purification lies in a multi-stage and integrated approach, when each type of pollution has its own system, type of equipment and type of load. The best way to deal with this professional companies with extensive experience.

The first thing a zealous owner will take care of already at the stage of its construction (or, if the house was purchased with inadequate water supply). This problem is solved by various ways of purifying the incoming water:

• From the centralized water supply
• From surface sources (lake, pond, river)
• From a drilled well
• From a dug well

from domestic use in cottages and summer cottages to industrial-scale filtration

The choice here is small: the first two options, in any case, will be more cost effective. Judge for yourself: prices only for drilling your own well in the Moscow region (without construction) start, on average, from 2000 rubles per meter penetrations. And the depth of the reservoir reaches 150-200 m. This is several times more expensive than even premium home water treatment system.

reverse osmosis method

This solution allows remove from water up to 99.99% all possible impurities, pollutants, as well as harmful microorganisms. Namely:

• Salts of inorganic compounds
• Calcium and magnesium ions
• organic products
• Iron and its oxides
• Other metals (including heavy)
• Nitrates
• Pesticides
• Hydrocarbons (including aromatics)
• Viruses
• bacteria

Ecvols company has extensive experience in the organization of water treatment systems using various technologies including reverse osmosis. Our experts will help you choose the best solution for your home, which will provide you with clean water for many years.

How Reverse Osmosis Works

The main "tsimes" of reverse osmosis - semipermeable membrane, through which water is literally pushed through, due to the basic laws of physics. So, one of the properties of water is the ability to flow from a saturated solution of substances to a less saturated one under the condition of pressure, exceeding osmotic(about 10 kgf/cm2).

Under this mechanism, a “network” was developed, the pore size of which is similar to the dimensions of the H2O molecule - about 3 angstroms. Thus, the cleaning product (or permeate) can be safely consumed inside even without boiling

Reverse osmosis systems work according to the following scheme:

• Initial Fluid Cleanup
• "Forcing" it through a semi-permeable membrane
• Accumulation of purified product
• Final filtering
• Supply of clean water to the consumer

By the way, the quality of water can be tested in the laboratory Ecvols.

The choice of reverse osmosis

This setting is shown when the cottage is in a complex hydrogeological zone, or enough closely located to transport, industrial and other urban infrastructure. The Ecvols company works in the field of high-quality water treatment since 2005, and during this time has gained extensive experience in equipping the most complex objects with filtering plants

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