Insulation of the house from the inside. Instructions for insulating the internal walls of a private house

The process has its supporters and ardent opponents. In their own truth, both those and others, it all depends on the situation. But before choosing this particular type of insulation, you need to know which insulation is suitable, to study the nuances of the performance of work on insulation.

To insulate the walls inside the room is to make your home comfortable and cozy for living. This type of heat saving is unconventional, usually used. But there are situations when there is no other way out.

Also, this option can be considered in an apartment building, when insulation internal walls the only way to insulate the room. This process will help eliminate the formation of fungus in the room.

Cons of internal insulation

This method has its drawbacks, so it has many opponents.

Problems with internal thermal insulation of walls arise as follows:

• with external thermal insulation, the walls of the building are protected from the cold, which cannot be achieved with insulation from the inside. The base is in contact with the environment, cracks may appear on it;
• the occurrence of condensation. With internal heat saving, it moves behind the supporting structure and forms between the insulator and the surface. The result may be the development of fungal formations that will be difficult to notice;
• area reduction. Modern heat insulators have excellent characteristics, but have not yet come up with a material that would take up little space. At the moment, with insulation work, the room will become smaller by 10 cm on each side.

Before deciding on internal insulation, it is worth weighing all the shortcomings, and considering the advantages, only in this way it will be possible to avoid errors and shortcomings during installation.

Thermal insulation materials

This technology allows the use of various thermal insulation materials for walls, which have pros and cons.

The most popular heat insulators:

• wood fiber board;
• ecowool;
• glass wool.

These insulators are commercially available everywhere, and are inexpensive. We will analyze the characteristics of each type of insulators that can be used as insulation from the inside.

Penoplex and polystyrene

A productive and affordable heat insulator, which is used very often in the insulation of apartments, in high-rise buildings. It is enough to take a plate with a thickness of 5 cm. No special tools are needed, and installation is not difficult.

But this material has disadvantages:

• combustibility;
• low strength;
• vapor tightness - if you do not make working ventilation in the apartment, otherwise it will turn into a greenhouse.

Ventilation must be equipped with forced ventilation - this may require additional costs.

This option of thermal insulation is suitable only for concrete, brick, foam block structures, since wood covered with this heat-insulating material loses its ability to "breathe".

Mineral wool

A very common thermal insulator. It is widely used in apartments and industrial buildings, in addition, it is used as a filler in plasterboard partitions, as it has excellent soundproofing properties.

Mineral wool is inexpensive, has excellent vapor barrier. For an apartment or house, it is better to purchase rigid basalt wool slabs, they are easy to install. Another plus of the material is incombustibility.

But it is worth using this material with great care if the walls in the apartment become damp, the basalt wool is hygroscopic, and when wet it completely loses its insulating properties. Therefore, before laying it on the walls, it is necessary to equip the waterproofing layer, and before finishing the lining, pull the vapor barrier.

For waterproofing works, it is better to use membranes, they have vapor permeability and will not interfere with the “breathing” of external walls.

Wood fiber boards

This material has a number of positive characteristics:

• good heat saving and sound insulation;
• not afraid of temperature changes;
• moisture resistant;
• easy to handle and install;
• it does not breed rodents.

This material is often used for exterior finish, it is treated with special impregnations that can harm human health.

Foil insulation

Technological processes do not stand still, therefore, innovative developments in the field of insulation and construction are constantly appearing on the market. Such a novelty is a foil heat insulator.

The material is a layer of foamed polyester, on which a layer of thin aluminum foil is glued. The property of this material is that heat is reflected from the foil layer and directed inside the house.

Many manufacturers produce polyester with a self-adhesive layer, so it is very convenient to work with this material, it is enough to carefully prepare the surface and stick insulation on the wall.

Ecowool

The material, which appeared on the market quite recently, but immediately gained popularity among the townsfolk, thanks to a lot of advantages:

• naturalness and safety. The heat insulator is produced by processing secondary cellulose, therefore it is non-toxic;
• excellent indicators of thermal insulation;
• air impermeability;
• fine fiber structure;
• durability;
• does not shrink.

But, despite the positive characteristics, the material has several significant disadvantages that prevent its widespread use:

• the impossibility of doing the installation by hand. The material is applied by wet spraying using special equipment. For insulation, you will have to invite specialists;
• with vertical spraying, the laying of the material must be carried out in stages, since there is a possibility of the layer slipping;
• combustibility;
• the period of solidification of the mass is 24 hours, subject to good ventilation;
• price;
• the need to equip the frame.

The internal thermal insulation of the walls with the help of ecowool is carried out strictly on a wooden crate, the step of which can vary from 60 cm to 1 meter. The frame is constructed so that during spraying the material does not slip from a vertical surface.

glass wool

This heat insulator has been used in construction for a very long time. The main component of this material is fiberglass.

The use of glass wool is due to the following characteristics:

• high soundproof qualities;
• flexibility - due to its structure, glass wool can take any shape;
• fire resistance;
• resistance to chemical attack;
• affordable cost;
• breathability.

But it is worth talking about the shortcomings:

• the material is unstable to mechanical stress, therefore it is mounted only on the frame;
• has a high degree of shrinkage over time;
• service life of 10 years, then glass wool loses its thermal insulation properties;
• destroyed by sun exposure.

Despite the shortcomings, the material is very often used for room insulation, as it has a low cost and ease of installation.

When working with glass wool, it is necessary to use protective equipment - goggles, a mask, gloves and tight clothing, since small, sharp particles of the material cause severe itching when it comes into contact with the skin.

How to choose the right material for indoor insulation

Before you mount the wall insulation from the inside with your own hands, we choose the right insulator that meets the following requirements:

• human safety;
• environmental friendliness;
• durability;
• fire resistance;
• vapor permeability;
• low thermal conductivity;
• moisture resistance.

With internal insulation, the house stands even before the start of installation, they equip a good ventilation system, otherwise the microclimate in the room will become unfavorable over time.

Comparative table of thermal insulation materials:

Wall insulation technology from the inside

Experts advise using room insulation from the inside only in special cases, for example:

• if the apartment is located above the second floor, and for external insulation it is necessary to involve industrial climbers;
• in new buildings, if it is not possible to rent facade decoration and produce external thermal insulation;
• if the insulation of the facade violates the architectural ensemble.

Ways to insulate walls from the inside:

• by frame;
• on glue.

The first method does not require careful leveling of the bearing surface. In addition, it is very easy to fix the facing material to the frame, so if it is planned to build plasterboard walls after insulation, then the crate does not need to be mounted. If after insulation it is planned to plaster the surface, then there is no need for a frame. In any case, the method of fastening the material directly depends on the further finishing of the walls.

Frame insulation

Like a wall from inside a room on a frame? This thermal insulation of the walls from the inside, the process is laborious, but more reliable. Thanks to the frame, the fragile material is not subjected to mechanical stress, this is especially true if polystyrene is chosen as the heat-insulating material.

The wall does not need to be leveled, but before installation it is worth cleaning the surface of the plaster, if it has peeled off, dirt, dust and cover it with an antiseptic composition.

The frame is constructed of aluminum profiles or bars. Fastening is carried out on dowels or self-tapping screws - depending on the material from which the base is made. The step of the racks should be equal to the width of the material, for example, if a soft insulation for walls inside the walls is chosen, then the distance is reduced by two centimeters, when using foam or polystyrene, exactly 60 cm.

If a decision is made to apply as racks wooden elements, then they should be treated with impregnation, which will prevent rotting and the formation of fungus.

As soon as the frame is ready, a heat insulator is laid in the gaps, all seams between the material are sealed mounting foam. After the foam dries, it is cut flush. After that, you can proceed to the final finish.

Thermal insulation of walls inside the premises on the frame is made by the following materials:

• glass wool;
• basalt insulation;
• Styrofoam;
• wood fiber.

Any of the above materials can be mounted using lathing on the walls, except for foil insulation.

Installation of insulation on glue

This type of installation requires careful preparation of the plane of the walls before insulating.

They are cleaned of dust and dirt, degreased. Further work goes according to the following algorithm:

• walls after cleaning are subject to alignment and repair. Cracks are puttied, large protrusions are knocked down, and cavities are sealed with mortar;
• all planes are treated with an antiseptic, or a primer with an antimicrobial effect;
• the primer is applied in two layers;
• after drying, you can start mounting the plates on the glue, it is applied to the wall and to the material with a notched trowel;
• the glue will dry for 2-3 days;
• as soon as the surface dries, you need to perform additional fixation with dowels-umbrellas.

Do not forget that the installation of material layers is carried out with an offset. At the same time, it is imperative to waterproof the base surface and vapor barrier the insulation itself after installation.

The arrangement of insulation for glue has its limitations, since only dense pits are used for this, for example:

• Styrofoam;
• wood fiber;
• penoplex;
• forged insulation.

As soon as all the measures for the installation of the heat insulator are completed, proceed to the finish.

Finishes

Usually, when installing heat-saving boards on glue, they are plastered, using a forming mesh for gypsum composition, and fiberglass for putty. These measures will prevent cracking of the finish coat.

After all plastering and puttying work is completed, and the walls are dry, we clean the surface abrasive mesh fine fraction and paint with a water emulsion of the desired shade.

Today, many experts are of the opinion that from the inside it harms it more than it benefits. But there are ways to insulate a home that can really make it much more comfortable and cozy. But before choosing this type of insulation, it is better to understand what it is and why experts do not recommend it.

The essence and problems of internal insulation

When insulating a house from the inside, you need to take into account some features.

Most experts really believe that the inside is only in extreme cases, advising insulation from the outside. What is meant in this case by the word "within"? This refers to the direct coating of the walls of rooms with any materials. And if floors, ceilings and some other areas can be easily insulated, it is with the insulation of walls that a lot of problems arise.

The main difficulty is the transition of the wall surface to the cold zone. Usually, if there is no thermal insulation, the warm air from the room passes through the walls, heating them. If insulation is laid from the inside, air masses will collide with them, not being able to go outside. All walls in this case remain cold, and there is a risk of cracks.

For this reason alone, it is worth considering whether it is necessary to insulate a private house from the inside instead of insulation from the outside. It is logical: why waste money and your strength, if as a result you can only get cracked walls and a cold room? But this is only part of the difficulty. In addition to damage to the insulated surfaces, there is condensate and other troubles that will appear after a minimum time if at least a small mistake is made during the insulation work.

About building materials

Mineral wool, as a heater, is well suited for insulation wooden house.

However, even despite all the shortcomings, it is increasingly being decided to insulate a wooden or brick private house from the inside. For the sake of warm winters and their comfort, the owners are ready to take risks. To reduce the likelihood of an unpleasant outcome, you need to carefully study the isolation technology, all its nuances.

Today, in all the variety of heaters, three can be especially distinguished:

• extruded polystyrene foam (foam or polystyrene);
• mineral wool;
• wood fiber boards.

Wall covering with mineral wool and foam

Mineral wool and polystyrene are also suitable for insulation. brick house from within.

There are two options for laying these materials. One of them, the standard one, repeats all the steps from the outside: laying plates on a pre-cleaned surface, mechanical fixing, reinforcement and subsequent decoration. It is this method of insulation that leads to the problems described above. More condensation accumulates on the walls, cracks appear faster, plus the house loses footage that can be used more successfully.

The second option for warming with mineral wool or polystyrene foam is the most successful. At the first stage, a special wooden or metal carcass. It is in it that the heater is laid. Perhaps this design is similar to the previous one, but there are differences that allow you to control what is happening inside, avoiding difficulties, because insulating materials are not “tightly” mounted to the wall.

Advice! You can create removable panels with which it is easy to observe the occurrence of condensate and protect foam or mineral wool from it.

fibreboard

Before starting insulation work panel house learn the technology from the inside.

Fiberboard is a fairly common material that is used for various purposes, including for finishing houses outside. It is for them that it is better to insulate buildings because of their excellent insulating characteristics and the ability to absorb noise. Often, owners of private houses want not only to make a wooden or brick house warm, but also to protect it from extraneous sounds. Wood fiber boards are great for this, combining both properties and providing an opportunity to save money.

You can cut and process the edges of the plates with any available tools, which makes the finishing options very diverse. Their installation is also very simple: it can be done correctly and simply by nailing with long (more than 35 mm) nails.

Advice! It is better to use 16-18 fasteners per plate.

Dural plates are placed under the nail heads. Driving should be done correctly in a checkerboard pattern.

Advice! It is better to drown the fastener heads a little in the insulation so that they do not stick out.

Important! If the walls of the house are plastered, fiberboard can not be nailed, but glued to PVA or special mastic.

The method of insulating the walls of a private house with wood fiber boards is quite good, but also does not guarantee that there will be no problems in the future. That is why experts advise. But this method also has its merits. One of them is the possibility of laying electrical cables inside the surface.

Important! For cables, special grooves must be installed in advance.

Ceiling surface insulation

Ceilings are almost always included in the set of home insulation works, since it is through the roof that a wooden or brick house loses a greater percentage of heat. It is quite difficult to insulate it correctly using the same fiberboard, since the material must be lifted and an aluminum support made for it.

About floors

If the ceiling of the lower floor is well insulated, the floors of the second and subsequent floors will always remain warm. On the first floor, the floor must be properly insulated so that the house, especially if it is panel, does not receive cold from the basement.

All floor insulation options are also based on fibreboard, which in this case are used with other materials in combination. For example, before laying fiberboard, you can cover the floor with roofing material, after dismantling the existing coating. If the owners do not want to bother with this, the option is used with insulation from the outside with special carpets. They are coated with a special substance that retains dust and at the same time simplifies cleaning.

Important! When using carpeting, fiberboard is still necessary. They are nailed to the floor, after which they are processed with an adhesive mass.

At the same time, it is correct to apply the glue not over the entire area, but in strips a few centimeters wide.

Advice! For better adhesion of surfaces, carpets can be pressed with boards for a day.

Most of the constructed panel and brick houses did not provide for the insulation of facades. Concrete and brick have high density and low thermal insulation properties. The result is cold walls and uncomfortable temperatures. There are several ways to insulate from the inside, the main thing is to avoid the appearance of dampness.

Dew point - physics of the phenomenon

A cold wall is not the only drawback of panel or brick houses. Often dampness and accompanying fungus and mold appear on it. The best way struggle - wall insulation from the outside (this is also a requirement of SNiP), but this is not always possible. Therefore, you have to fight the cold wall, insulating it from the inside. But there are pitfalls here.

Even if the cold wall was previously dry, then when it is insulated from the inside, dampness may appear. And the so-called dew point will be to blame.

The dew point is a conditional boundary at which the temperature of water vapor becomes equal to the temperature of condensate formation. It manifests itself, naturally, in the cold season. With proper design of the house (taking into account the characteristics of the region), it is approximately in the middle of the thickness of the facade of a material of uniform density.

If insulation is carried out from the outside, then the dew point shifts in the direction of decreasing density (that is, to the outer surface of the wall). When insulating from the inside, it moves inward, and condensate may appear on the surface of the main wall or inside the insulation.

And in order to assess the scale of possible damage, it is enough to say that as a result of the life of one person, about 4 liters of water evaporate per day (cooking, wet cleaning, personal hygiene, washing, etc.).

Features of cold wall insulation from the inside

There are several ways to prevent condensation on a wall insulated from the inside:

1. Creation of a layer of heat-insulating material with a vapor permeability lower than that of the facade material.
2. Warming with materials with minimal water absorption.
3. Application of ventilated facade technology (taking into account internal placement).

Liquid thermal insulation

polyurethane foam

PPU insulation meets all requirements for vapor barrier, water absorption and the absence of seams. Therefore, even if there is a dew point inside the layer, it will remain “conditional”, since there is no condensation in vapor-tight materials. It turns out from the side of the room a completely sealed heat-insulating layer.

The environmental friendliness of PPU after curing meets the requirements for residential premises. Harmful fumes are present only when the components are mixed during the spraying process - after polymerization, the structure of the material remains stable.

Thermal insulation is applied between the crate and sewn up with moisture-resistant sheet materials (GKL, OSB or plywood). In fact, it is like a large prefabricated sandwich panel.

The disadvantage of this method is the use of special equipment.

liquid ceramics

This is a relatively young heat-insulating material, the action of which is based on the use of two principles - the creation of a thin layer with high resistance to heat transfer and the reflection of heat towards the radiation source.

Of course, a thin heat-insulating layer cannot provide good thermal insulation - this is an auxiliary, but a mandatory factor. Although it gives a fairly high effect - the wall becomes much "warmer" to the touch.

The main task of reducing heat loss is performed by microscopic ceramic spheres that reflect infrared radiation.

According to the manufacturers, the effect of a 1.5 mm layer can be compared with thermal insulation with 5 cm thick foam plastic or 6.5 cm mineral wool.

Application method is the same as for acrylic paint(basic is the same). After polymerization, a dense and durable film is formed on the surface, and latex additives improve the waterproofing properties.

Roll thermal insulation

Penofol

Penofol is a combination of polyethylene foam with aluminum foil. This is a whole series of materials (including single-sided, double-sided, laminated, with an adhesive layer). It can also be used in combination with other thermal insulation materials, as well as independently. By the way, penofol is popular for warming the bath from the inside, and there is much more steam there than in an ordinary residential area.

To insulate a cold wall, penofol is used with one layer of foil (one-sided) and up to 5 mm thick.

In the case, as with liquid ceramics, the effect is achieved due to the low thermal conductivity of foamed polyethylene, as well as its low vapor permeability and high reflective properties of the foil (up to 97%).

But unlike seamless coatings, complete sealing and prevention of cold bridges cannot be achieved. Consequently, condensation may form on the surface of the foil. Even the obligatory sealing of joints with adhesive aluminum foil will still leave gaps inside between adjacent sheets.

The method of combating the formation of condensate on the foil is traditional - a crate with a ventilated gap between the foam and the outer lining.

polyph

Another version of polyethylene foam, but already made in the form of a kind of wallpaper - there is a layer of paper on both sides. Polyfoam and is designed for gluing wallpaper on it.

Of course, its thermal insulation properties are not as high as those of penofol, but to make a cold wall feel warmer to the touch, they are quite enough.

In most cases, the insignificant thickness of the insulation does not lead to the dew point moving to the inner surface.

The disadvantage of this method is that only a dry wall is insulated.

Insulation with expanded polystyrene

Expanded polystyrene (or extruded polystyrene foam) is glued to a prepared and leveled wall. Both materials have very low water absorption (especially extruded polystyrene foam), so the formation of condensate in the insulation layer is excluded. The main danger is its appearance on the surface of the insulated wall.

Therefore, it is best to glue sheets on special hydrophobic adhesive mixtures applied over the entire surface of the sheets. And to prevent the penetration of water vapor from the side of the room, treat the seams with sealant (you can also use foam plastic with a step or a tenon-groove connection).

Finishing can be done in two ways:

• mesh reinforcement and plastering;
• sheathing with panels on a supporting frame fixed to the floor, ceiling and adjoining walls (false plasterboard wall).

Warming with mineral wool

Mineral wool does not meet the requirements for vapor permeability and water absorption for insulation from the inside. But it can be used.

The main thing is to provide maximum protection from moist air from the side of the room and the weathering of water vapor from the insulation layer. That is, to perform a ventilated facade, but in the reverse order: wall, gap, vapor-permeable membrane, mineral wool, vapor barrier film, decorative cladding indoors.

It is necessary to create a false wall at a distance of 2-3 cm from the main wall. And to weather the water vapor from below and above, make ventilation holes.

The question of whether it is worth insulating the walls of the house from the inside still does not have a definite answer. Some experts are ardent opponents of this option. Others, on the contrary, believe that such a decision will create the most comfortable conditions for people's lives. It should be noted that both are correct. It all depends on the specific situation, according to which this or that decision must be made. But even before the start of work on the insulation of the walls of the house from the inside, it is important to study the features of the process and select a safe material.

Main advantages

Warming the walls of the house from the inside is especially important in apartment buildings. It is sometimes the only option for creating comfortable conditions in those rooms that are adjacent to unheated, cold technical rooms or staircases. It is possible to insulate the walls from the inside in a private house. Such a solution will preserve the original appearance of the facade or increase the amount of heat that will be stored in the building.

Such works belong to non-traditional technologies. Most often, their implementation is recommended in cases where it is simply impossible to arrange external insulation. These are, for example, the same high-rise buildings. After all, sometimes very often it is required to maintain heat in the premises of a panel house. Insulation of the walls in the apartment from the inside will be the only option when the work can be carried out independently, in the shortest possible time and without obtaining the appropriate permits that are necessary for the arrangement of the facade. As a result, the comfort of housing will increase, and the owners will forget about such troubles as fungus and mold.

Possible problems

Despite certain advantages, the insulation of the walls of the house from the inside has a number of disadvantages. It was they who became the reason for the appearance of opponents of this decision. So, the presence of insulation on the internal walls of the building contributes to the emergence of such problems as:

-Insecurity of the walls from the cold. After all Basic structure at home does not get rid of contact with the outside air. This leads to its rapid destruction. Cracks begin to appear on the surface of the walls, because their insulation from the inside takes a certain part of the heat. And if before the events, the external structures of the building were heated from the inside, then upon completion of the work, this process stops.

-Dropout of condensate. As you know, on a cold surface in contact with warm air, moisture droplets form. This phenomenon is called the "dew point". The main goal facing the thermal insulation of the house is to move such a point outside outdoor structure. Wall insulation from the inside in a private house or in a high-rise apartment leads to the formation of condensate at the border between the insulation and its surface. In this regard, the process is hidden from the owners, and they simply do not notice it. The walls at high humidity become an excellent breeding ground for mold and fungi.

-Reducing the size of the rooms. Today, the construction industry produces different kinds most modern materials with sufficiently high efficiency. However, she has not yet come up with one that, while maintaining high specifications would be quite small in size. Warming the house from the inside will take from the premises from 5 to 10 cm of their space, which will significantly reduce the usable area. At first glance, this is not very noticeable. But if you count the entire building, the figure will be quite impressive.

Based on the foregoing, before starting work on insulating the walls of the house from the inside, it is advisable to carefully consider negative sides such a decision. It is necessary to get rid of possible problems already at the initial stage, because otherwise the negative result will become noticeable in the first years of such operation.

materials

What makes it possible to use a technology that provides for the insulation of the surface of the walls from the inside of the building? These may be the most various materials with their own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. As a rule, the most popular options for insulation for such work are mineral wool and foam plastic, foam plastic, as well as boards made from wood fiber. Consider their advantages and disadvantages in more detail.

Styrofoam

Very often, the owners, who decide to insulate the house from the inside, opt for this material. After all, it is quite effective and, importantly, has a low cost. As a rule, 5 cm of such a protective layer is quite enough to provide a comfortable microclimate in the premises.

Styrofoam is most often insulated with walls in apartments of multi-storey buildings. The use of this material allows you to install quickly, without additional tools and complex processing.

Among the disadvantages of polystyrene are the following:

low strength;

combustibility;

Poor vapor permeability.

The latest forecast contributes to the transformation of the house into a real greenhouse. In order to avoid this problem, it will be necessary to equip forced ventilation, which will require additional labor and financial costs.

Penoplex

The closest relative of polystyrene is extruded polystyrene foam, also known as polystyrene foam. Outwardly, these two materials are very similar to each other. However, foam boards have Orange color and not white. In addition, it is more durable, which determines its durability.

However, the disadvantages of polystyrene in the form of flammability and poor vapor permeability of this material are still preserved. Insulation of the internal surfaces of the walls when using it will not allow the house to "breathe", which will require forced ventilation.

Can polystyrene foam be used to create comfortable indoor conditions? Yes, but you will need to prepare in advance for possible problems and fix them in time.

This option is more acceptable for a house, as well as one built from lightweight concrete. As for wood, it is usually chosen for the construction of buildings for its ability to "breathe". But the foam and foam block the air flow. This negates all the advantages of wood.

Mineral wool

These heaters are also widely used for interior cladding. Attractive in this material is its inexpensive price. Experts recommend using mineral wool in hard slabs to insulate the wall of the house from the inside with mineral wool. Such material is easy to install, non-flammable and has high strength.

Roll is produced under such brands as Rockwool, Knauf, and Isover. She has good:

1. Thermal conductivity. This allows you to use a thin layer of insulation.
2. Soundproof. The use of glass wool provides excellent protection against street noise. The air layer between its fibers contributes to similar properties of the material.
3. Vapor permeability.
4. Tear strength.
5. Resistance to biological attack, for example, to rodents.

In favor of this insulation is also its high service life. It has been successfully fulfilling its functions for fifty years. In addition, mineral wool has a low density and low weight.

However, it should be borne in mind that this material perfectly absorbs water, ceasing to function after that according to its intended purpose. In order to prevent this from happening, provide vapor barrier and waterproofing in the form of a film or membrane. The first protects the insulation from the supply side warm air, and the second - from the side of the cold.

fiberboard

Warming from the inside can be carried out using They have:

Good sound absorption and thermal insulation;

Unattractive to rodents and insects;

Good resistance to moisture and temperature extremes;

Ease of processing using any tools;

Easy installation;

Ease of wiring.

However, it should be borne in mind that fiberboard boards are subject to treatment with toxic substances. This carries a danger to humans. That is why this material is most often used for outdoor decoration.

Warming of frame houses

For those who decide to improve the comfort of their home, you will need to check its condition. If any defects are found, they will need to be eliminated before work begins. Wall insulation frame house from the inside will require their cleaning and removal foreign objects. An important point it will also get rid of the gaps present in the structural elements. To do this, you need to apply mounting foam. If the wood of the walls is damp, then it is dried with a building hair dryer.

Performing the insulation of the walls of the house from the inside with your own hands, you will need to go through two stages. The first of these is the installation of waterproofing. The second stage involves laying a layer of thermal insulation.

Waterproofing is pre-cut into strips corresponding to the size of the walls and attached to them. Next, a heater is laid, placing it between the racks of a pre-arranged crate. The material chosen to create a comfortable temperature in the room is pre-cut into strips corresponding to the wall area. At the same time, their size may exceed the required one by 5 cm. Such a nuance allows you to lay the insulation more densely. This will increase the efficiency of its application.

Warming of wooden houses

Work in such buildings begins with the installation of the crate, which is equipped on load-bearing walls. In this case, it is recommended to use a beam. Insulation of the walls of a wooden house from the inside using metal profile it makes sense in cases where in the future they will be sheathed with moisture-resistant plasterboard.

To create even and regular corners, corner posts are prepared from a bar with a section of 50 x 100 mm. Their height should be equal to the height of the room. Along the edge of such a beam, a second one is reinforced with self-tapping screws, with a smaller section (50 x 50 mm). Such a solution will allow you to fix the selected material inside the created structure.

Warming the walls of a wooden house from the inside will require their preliminary treatment with a special liquid. This will protect the surface from rotting and burning.

The next step in insulating the walls of a wooden house from the inside with your own hands is the installation of bars, which are fastened in increments of 50 cm. After completing the arrangement of the crate, you can begin the process of fixing the material, which is most often mineral wool. The insulation is pre-cut along the height of the walls with a width exceeding the distance between the vertical parts of the structure by 2 cm.

Mineral wool is fastened inside the crate with anchor bolts. It can be laid in 2 layers, between which a film should be placed.

After fixing the heat insulator, bars measuring 30x40 mm are mounted. Next, sheathing is performed using the decorative material chosen by the owners, which can be, for example, lining. By the way, it will allow you to additionally insulate the house. In this case, the interior will look very attractive.

Warming of panel houses

In order to create a comfortable temperature in such a building, as a rule, mineral wool is used. In addition, wall insulation panel house from the inside it can be made with penofol and fibrolite, foamed polyurethane and cork wood.

How is such work carried out? Insulation of walls in a panel house from the inside will require their cleaning from old coatings. A vacuum cleaner can be used to remove dirt. The surface should be treated with a primer and an antiseptic. After applying the next layer, the wall must be allowed to dry thoroughly. At the next stage, the surface is leveled with plaster, covering all joints with mastic, sealant or moisture-resistant mortar. Only after that proceed to the arrangement of the heat insulator. The work is completed with the installation of the facing material, on which the final finish is applied.

Insulation of brick houses

Buildings made of this material are distinguished by durability and strength. However, brick retains heat much worse than, for example, wood. To support indoors comfortable temperature, you will need to protect the walls from the cold.

Very often, the owners insulate the walls with isover from the inside in a brick house. is on the list of one of the most popular materials for such work. However, it should be borne in mind that you cannot leave it open. After all, over time, mineral wool will begin to emit dust that adversely affects the health of residents. If a brick house using this material is insulated correctly, then there will be no problems in the future. In this case, it will only be necessary to carry out waterproofing of the insulating layers, since they easily absorb moisture, get wet, as a result of which they lose their properties.

To install an insulating layer mineral wool with your own hands you will need to prepare such materials and tools:

Wooden slats;

mineral wool;

Film for waterproofing;

Film for vapor barrier;

plaster;

Primer;

Putty knife;

Plywood or drywall.

The installation of mineral wool is carried out after a thorough preparation of the walls, which are plastered and primed. It is not necessary to level such a surface, because in the future a crate will be mounted on it.

After the walls have dried, a layer of waterproofing is attached to them. Next, proceed to the formation of the crate, which is made of wooden slats fastening them together with screws. The next step is to install a heater. A vapor barrier film is placed on top of it and the laths of the crate. Cover such a structure with sheets of drywall or plywood. The joints of the facing material are sealed with putty.

Insulation of the apartment from the inside most often becomes necessary in houses with panel walls, since they are not thick enough, they quickly cool down, the heating system cannot fully cope with its tasks, and the temperature in the rooms drops. How to insulate a wall inside an apartment, and what methods and materials to use - this question confronts most homeowners in concrete high-rise buildings. External walls in such houses become cold especially quickly, and often, due to temperature changes, they begin to dampen and become covered with mold.

Sometimes, when there is such an opportunity, the thermal insulation of the walls is carried out from the outside, as this — more effective method keeping warm. However, this option is very expensive due to the complexity of its implementation, and it is impossible to carry out such events on your own, without the use of special equipment, if the apartment is located above the first or second floor. Therefore, a decision is made to insulate the walls from the inside, to the detriment of the total usable area. But be that as it may, a warm apartment of a slightly smaller area is better than large cold rooms. Internal work may well be carried out with their own hands, without the involvement of specialists. The main thing is to choose the right material and have the right tools.

If autonomous heating equipment is installed in the apartment, then wall insulation will help save energy resources, which are very expensive today.

Disadvantages of internal insulation

Compared with the external thermal insulation of walls, the internal insulation of the apartment has its rather significant drawbacks:

• An insulated wall does not accumulate or retain heat, and heat losses range from 8 to 15%.

• The “dew point” for internal thermal insulation is between the insulation and the wall, sometimes inside the insulation layer. This leads to the formation of condensation and the appearance of mold colonies. .
• An improperly insulated wall from the inside will freeze all the time, and this inevitably causes irreversible destructive processes in the thickness of the material over time.

Proper insulation

To prevent condensation from forming under the thermal insulation layer due to temperature changes in winter period, and also, as a consequence, mold spots did not appear on the walls, all technological recommendations for insulation must be carefully followed concrete walls from inside the apartment.

An important element in the structure of the thermal insulation "pie" is a high-quality vapor barrier. It should protect the insulation from moisture penetration, which will allow the entire structure to effectively perform its functions for a long time.

What work needs to be done to achieve the goal?

• It is necessary to purchase a high quality vapor barrier film and waterproof tape to seal the seams on the connection of its sheets.
• For the insulation layer, you need to choose a material that has low vapor permeability. It is desirable that this indicator be lower than the vapor permeability of the wall material. In this case, moisture evaporation will occur towards the street, and not inside the apartment.
• When gluing the insulation, its surface is completely smeared with glue using spatula-comb, and it is pressed very tightly against the surface of the wall, so that even small cavities do not remain between them.
• In order to avoid the occurrence of excessively high relative humidity inside the premises, they must be equipped with additional ventilation of a natural or forced type. For example, for this, valves are installed on the window frames, through which air will enter the room.

• Next, you need to accurately calculate the required thickness of the insulation. It will depend on the average daily temperature in the region in winter time. The thickness of the thermal insulation material should not be less than those parameters that were obtained during the calculations, otherwise the steam-thermal balance will be violated.
• Before installing the insulation system, the walls must be treated with special primers. They will "treat" the wall, will not allow mold colonies to form on it, and will also increase adhesion when gluing thermal insulation.
• Installation of insulation can only be started after the wall has completely dried.
• It is impossible to allow the formation of "cold bridges", which can nullify the entire insulation process. The risk of their occurrence is especially high at the junctions of walls and ceilings.

What heaters and how are they used

Such a thermal insulator is made in the form of plates or rolls from the bark of a special variety of oak - cork. Therefore, it is an environmentally friendly safe insulation, which is very important for interior decoration premises.

Using high quality material, you can solve three problems at once - this is noise and sound insulation, as well as decoration walls.

An important condition for the installation of cork coating is the evenness of the wall, therefore, before proceeding with its gluing, it is necessary to carefully prepare the surface. This process is carried out as follows:

• The old coating is completely peeled off the wall.
• Then the entire surface is treated, which will protect the wall from damage by fungus or mold.

• The next step is to level the surface.
• You can ennoble the walls with drywall, but in this case, the sheet must be completely smeared with waterproof glue or mounting foam, so that there are no voids under it. Drywall is firmly pressed against the wall and additionally fixed with anchors or plastic "fungi".
• Cork material can be glued onto a dried wall. To do this, use a special glue designed for such purposes.

The positive qualities of the material, in addition to its environmental friendliness, low thermal conductivity and good noise absorption, include:

• Ease of installation of cork wall covering while maintaining accuracy in work.
• Aesthetically attractive respectable look.
• Always warm and pleasant to the touch surface of the material.
• A variety of release forms, textured patterns and shades.

• Cork insulation does not have a large thickness, therefore it does not make the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room smaller - this quality compares favorably with other thermal insulation materials.

Penofol

Penofol, in essence, is a rolled polyethylene foam with a thickness of 2 to 10 mm, on one side of which it is applied, which contributes to the reflection of heat into the room.

• Before its installation, the surface is prepared in the same way as for a cork coating.
• Penofol can be fixed to even walls with the help of construction double-sided tape. Under any circumstances, the material is placed with the foil side into the room. This creates a kind of thermos for efficient heat retention.
• stripes penofol are laid end to end. Between themselves, they are glued with a special adhesive tape, which also has a foil-coated reflective surface, since the entire coating must be airtight.

• On top of the penofol fixed to the wall, a crate of slats, bars or galvanized metal profiles is installed. This frame with a tanet base for mounting lining or wall cladding with plasterboard sheets. The plasterboard surface can subsequently be covered with plaster, wallpapered, or carefully puttied and sanded, and then painted.
• When installing drywall or lining, it is very important to leave a gap at the top and bottom of the structure, which will serve as a vent for air circulation so that moisture does not accumulate.

Despite its small thickness, penofol is an excellent heat and sound insulator. It is used as a separate insulation, but it can also be used in combination with other materials. It attracts with the simplicity and speed of laying on walls, floors or ceilings, as well as with a long service life.

Video: insulation of internal walls with foil material

Prices for thermal insulation materials

Thermal insulation materials

When choosing a material for insulating a dwelling from the inside, you must first examine all the surfaces of the walls on which thermal insulation will be installed. If the wall is dry and there are no mold spots on it, then you can start preparing the surface and purchase insulation material. It is strictly forbidden to carry out such work on an unprepared basis. Not only will such insulation not give the desired effect - you can thoroughly spoil the apartment atmosphere, make it damp, unhealthy, since spores of many types of mold or fungus are extremely dangerous for people's health, especially for those suffering from chronic respiratory diseases or a predisposition to allergic reactions. .

In general, any of the apartment methods presented in the publication from the inside will not require any complex additional equipment, and this technological process you can do it on your own.

home » Roof installation » Insulation of the house from the inside. Instructions for insulating the internal walls of a private house