Growing beans as an additional source of income. Beans - Cereal Legumes - Plant Growing Growing beans as a business

GRAIN LEGUNS

2.4. BEANS

ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE. Beans are a valuable food crop. Its grain contains from 28 to 30% protein, 2-3 - fat, 45-52% carbohydrates and a significant amount of vitamin B1. It is grown for dry grain (husking varieties) or harvested in green form (asparagus varieties). Consume grains or unripe beans boiled. Beans are widely used in the canning industry. Bean straw can be fed to cattle and sheep.

Growing beans makes better use of labor on farms, since this crop is sown later than cereals.

Beans come from subtropical and tropical regions of America, Asia and Africa. In the XVI century. from America it was brought to Europe. Beans were brought to Ukraine at the beginning of the 18th century. At first it was grown as an ornamental, and later - as a vegetable crop.

The world sown area of ​​beans is about 20 million hectares. Now beans are most common in India, Brazil, Mexico, China and the United States. In Europe, it is most grown in the Balkan and Mediterranean countries. Beans are sown a lot in Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria. The sown area of ​​beans in Ukraine is about 4 thousand hectares. Most of all it is grown in the forest-steppe zone and the Carpathian region.

Beans are less productive than peas, however, high yields are collected in the best farms and variety plots of Ukraine - 20-26 c/ha of grain or more.

BOTANICAL CHARACTERISTICS. The most common are these types of beans.

Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris Savi) occupy about 90% of the area of ​​this crop in Ukraine. Distinguish bush, nap_vvitka and development forms of common beans. In production, bush forms predominate, and climbing ones are grown as vegetable crops.

In bush forms of beans, the stem has a height of 40-60 cm and does not lodge. The real leaves are trifoliate, large, ovate, sharp at the end. Stems and leaves are pubescent.

The flowers have a different color - greenish-white, pink, purple. Beans are self-pollinating plants. Its seeds are spherical, elliptical and nirkopodіbne with different colors. The size of the seeds is small (weight of 1000 seeds up to 150 g), medium (150-450 g) and large (450-750 g).

Multi-flowered bean (Phaseolus multijlorus Wild.) - has curly stems 2-3 m long or more. Its cotyledons are not brought to the surface of the soil during germination. The flowers are white or fiery red, collected in brushes. The beans are large, wide, 14-25 cm long, the surface is warty when unripe. The seeds are large, the weight of 1000 seeds is 700-1400 g. It is grown on household plots in the western region of the country. Under the conditions of proper agricultural technology, the yield of this bean is 50-60 q/ha.

Holly beans (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gard.), or teparia, are promising for arid southeastern regions. The plant is bushy, the leaves are pointed, small. Bobs are short and flat. Seeds are white, small (weight of 1000 seeds is 100-130 g). Yields on state variety plots in the steppe zone of Ukraine reach 20 c/ha and more.

In the lima bean (Phaseolus lunnatus L.), the stem is curly or bushy in shape with slight pubescence. The flowers are small, greenish-white. The beans are short, wide, and crack easily. The seeds are white, flattened, medium-large, weight of 1000 seeds is 300-400 g. Lima beans are grown in small areas as a vegetable crop. It is distributed in America, Africa and tropical regions of Asia.

VARIETY. There are many varieties of beans, but the most valuable of them are white beans. According to the duration of the growing season, bean varieties are divided into early (75-80 days), mid-ripening (80-100) and late-ripening (120-130 days).

In production, the following varieties of beans are most common.

Motalska white - mid-season, high-yielding. Stalk stalk 30 - 45 cm tall. Seeds spherical-elliptical, white, smooth, shiny. The weight of 1000 seeds is 360-420 g. The taste qualities of the seeds are good and excellent. It is zoned in the woodland and forest-steppe zones.

May Day - mid-season, high-yielding. The form of the plant is bushy with pressed branches up to 48 cm high, the top of the nevitka. The variety ripens amicably, suitable for mechanized harvesting. The seeds are white, oval, smooth, the weight of 1000 seeds is up to 260 g. The protein content in the grain is 25.7%. Excellent taste qualities. Vegetation period 80-95 days. It is zoned in the woodland and forest-steppe zones.

Dokuchaevsk - medium early, fruitful. Bush compact plants up to 44 cm tall. The variety is resistant to lodging and shedding, drought-resistant, suitable for mechanized harvesting. The seeds are white, oval, smooth, the weight of 1000 seeds is up to 243 g. The protein content in the grain is 22.4%. Taste qualities are good. Vegetation period 78-90 days. It is zoned in the forest-steppe and steppe zones.

Krasnogradskaya 5 - mid-season, productive, resistant to shedding and cracking of beans. It is zoned in the steppe and forest-steppe zones.

In some regions of Ukraine, the varieties Aluna, Podolskaya bush, Kharkivska 8 and others are also zoned.

BIOLOGICAL FEATURES. Beans are a heat-loving crop. Bean seeds begin to germinate at a normal temperature of 8-10 °C. In the case of a decrease in temperature to 0 ° C, the plants are damaged, and below minus 0.5-1 ° C, they die. In cold and wet years, beans are more affected by diseases, weakly form beans, and ripen unevenly. Multi-flowered beans are somewhat less demanding to adverse conditions.

For normal development, beans require higher average daily temperatures than peas. The optimum temperature for growth is 20-25 °C, for flowering - no higher than 35 °C. At higher temperatures, especially during drought, flowers and ovaries dry up. Teparia beans tolerate drought better. Beans tolerate light shade well, so they can be grown in mixed crops with corn, potatoes, etc.

Common beans are very demanding on soil fertility. Its greatest yields are grown on chernozems and middle "sharp loams and marly soils rich in humus and calcium compounds. On heavy soils, they are strongly compacted, on cold ones with close occurrence ground water and it does not grow well in saline soils. Acidic sandy soils are also unsuitable for her. Teparia and lima beans tolerate the salinity of soils quite well in arid conditions.

In moderately warm forest-steppe regions and in the Carpathian region, it is recommended to place common beans on the southern slopes, where the soil warms up faster and more. In low places, it often dies during the May frosts.

GROWING TECHNOLOGY. Place in crop rotation. Beans for grain in a crop rotation are best placed after row crops and winter wheat. In the southern regions of the forest-steppe zone, bean crops after a vetch-rye mixture are also quite high-yielding.

Asparagus bean varieties need native soils, so it is better to place them after fertilized row crops.

As a row legume, beans are a good forerunner for winter wheat and spring cereals. The experience of the best farms in the Poltava and Ivano-Frankivsk regions shows that the yield of winter wheat after beans is not lower than after fallow, and often 8-10% higher. Beans can also be used as an insurance crop.

SOIL TREATMENT AND FERTILIZER. The soil for beans is cultivated in the same way as for spring crops, with the obligatory use of autumn plowing. In the spring, moisture is closed and before sowing, 2-3 cultivations are carried out with harrowing to kill weeds and loosen the soil. After harvesting winter vetch with rye for green fodder, plowing and harrowing are immediately carried out.

Beans require intensive fertilization due to the short feeding period. It is most demanding on the content of potassium and calcium in the soil. Under asparagus varieties of beans, manure must be applied (10-15 t / ha for autumn plowing). For cultivation on grain, it is recommended to apply phosphorus-potassium fertilizers (40-60 kg/ha of active ingredient), which significantly increase the yield, accelerate maturation, and also increase the resistance of plants against diseases. The best potash fertilizer for beans is potassium sulfate. On light podzolized soils, it is recommended to apply 1.5-2 t/ha of crushed limestone 2-3 years before sowing.

If beans are sown after cereals, presowing application of nitrogen fertilizers (N20-30) is effective on lean soils.

An important measure to increase the yield of beans is the use of bacterial fertilizers.

SEV. For sowing beans, sorted homogeneous in size and color, cleaned of seed impurities, which has a germination rate of at least 95% and a purity of 99%, is used.

Before sowing, the seeds are treated with foundationazole (3 kg per 1 ton of seeds) or tigam 70% s. p. (C-4 kg / t) or and chigaren 70% s. n. (1-2 kg/t).

Beans are sown at a later date, simultaneously with corn or after it, when the soil temperature reaches 12-14 ° C. In the southern regions, the optimal sowing time is at the end of April or at the beginning of May, and in the middle lane and in the southern regions of the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine - in the second decade of May.

Beans in the main growing areas are sown in a wide-row way with a row spacing of 45-60 cm, leaving 4-5 plants per nest. In more humid forest-steppe regions, it is recommended to sow it with a row spacing of 45 cm, and in arid regions, the row spacing is increased to 60 cm. In the western region, beans are sown in a wide row with a row spacing of 45 cm. Beans are sown after the emergence of corn seedlings. The grain is wrapped near the nests of corn to a depth of 4 - 5 cm, 2-3 in a hole, bush - in each line of corn, and a turn - after 1-2 lines.

The sowing rate of beans depends on the size of the seeds and the growing area. For areas of the forest-steppe zone, when sowing with a row spacing of 45 cm, it is 400-450, and for the steppe zone - 300 thousand seeds per 1 ha. Estimated sowing rates for seeds in different areas: small-seeded varieties - 70-80, large-seeded varieties - 100-150 kg/ha and more. In compatible crops, the seeding rate of beans is 30-40% of the seeding rate in clean crops.

Crop care. During germination, beans (except for many-flowered ones) bring cotyledons to the surface of the soil, so seeds should be planted to a depth of 3-5 cm, depending on soil moisture. In order to have friendly seedlings and create favorable conditions for the operation of mechanisms during harvesting, crops are rolled with ringed or ribbed rollers.

The crust and weeds are destroyed before the appearance of the stairs by harrowing with light harrows across the direction of the rows. On wide-row crops, at least two inter-row loosening of the soil is carried out with the cultivation of weeds in rows and nests. In humid areas, when growing bush varieties, during the second or third inter-row cultivation, the beans are spudded, which contributes to the ventilation and warming of heavy soils. Inter-row cultivation should be completed before flowering plants. Weeds are treated with linuron (1.5 kg/ha) or gezagard 50% s. p. (Kg / ha) 2-3 days before emergence.

On seed crops, varietal weeding is carried out.

HARVESTING. Harvesting of beans begins after most of the beans have reached full maturity, the leaves have withered, and the grain has hardened. The seeds of some varieties are ripe already with the green color of the bean shells.

The low placement of the beans on the stems makes it difficult to mechanize harvesting. However, varieties with short pods placed at least 10 cm above the soil surface are suitable for mechanized harvesting. It is advisable to collect beans in a separate way. It is mowed into windrows with a ZhRB-4.2 harvester or a FA-4M kvass harvester. After drying, the windrows are picked up by combines with special devices. To prevent damage to the grain during threshing, the speed of the drum is reduced to 500 min-1, the concave is lowered to the lower position. If necessary, iron whips are replaced with rubber ones.

The threshed grain is dried to a moisture content of not more than 15%. Store it in bags or in bulk (layer up to 1 m in dry rooms).

Growing beans as a business is especially important for those summer residents who spend a lot of time on the ground and live in their own homes. country houses whole summer. It is very convenient for experienced farmers to engage in this type of entrepreneurship: by allocating only a few acres for crops, you can get a good increase in earnings in a couple of months. However, anyone can try himself as a farmer: beans are just the crop that rarely fails.

Introduction

Beans have recently taken root in the diet of Russians for their wonderful composition and rich protein content. From a business product point of view, this vegetable crop is also very profitable: it grows well, gives rich seedlings and pleases with an abundant harvest. Very tasty and juicy asparagus beans are gaining popularity among farmers, the cultivation and care of which also does not require special skills and education.

Beans are a high-calorie and nutritious food

Getting ready to spend

A bean growing business plan will help you anticipate and prepare for the costs of a new business. You need to start compiling it after the profitability of the business idea has been calculated. What expenses are important to be prepared for?

• Buying seeds for planting.
• Selection and purchase of fertilizers, top dressing, pest control.
• Fare.
• Renting a plot (if you do not have your own land).
• Working hands (if you can’t do the job yourself, workers will have to be hired).

Spending on seeds and fertilizers is about 5 thousand rubles, which must be immediately included in the estimate. The rest must be calculated based on the current market prices in your region.

Note: if you suddenly decide to grow beans, which is called "without a hundred for your soul", get ready that it will be the rent that will become the main item of your expenses.

There is good news: today, many cities actively support farming, for which they allocate land for free use. Check with your local government about the farmer program supported in your area.

Read also: cultivation medicinal herbs and plants as a business

We consider profit

Beans are a very grateful crop - you can harvest this vegetable 3 times a year. Planting density can be adjusted, but on average it is 1 kilogram per 1 sq. meters of land.

Calculating the profit is very simple: if you sell a kilogram for about 50 rubles (considering this price for the purchase price of one kilogram), you can “remove” about 50 thousand rubles from an area of ​​\u200b\u200babout 10 acres (1000 sq. M). And that's just for one harvest! Got 2 crops in a season? Earned 100 thousand. Three - 150. Due to the current economic situation, the price of beans may increase, and income may increase.

Growing beans is quite simple and not expensive.

We grow by technology

Beans are a fairly unpretentious crop and are easy to grow, and even easier to care for. Beans do not overgrow with weeds, patiently endure the vagaries of the weather (this is very important for Middle lane Russia) and usually does not need covering materials.

The stages of growing a crop look like this:

1. We prepare the soil for planting plants. Beans love black soil, where they grow by leaps and bounds. If you have doubts about the quality of the land, say, it is clay or sandy, fertilize it with ordinary ash. It is better to do this in early spring - late March or April.
2. It will be right to change plots of land every season: culture grows better in new places.
3. The soil should be warm enough, that is, have time to warm up. The end of May is the time to plant the seeds in the soil. They will sprout much better if you hold them in a manganese solution for about an hour before planting, and after home “disinfection”, hold them in a nutrient solution. It has been proven that such seed preparation allows to increase germination and increase the yield of beans.
4. 10 cm - this depth should be for planting seeds in the soil. Plant beans in rows - this will allow you to navigate the varieties and easier to care for growing shoots. Beans are not so capricious, however, they do not like frost. In severe frosts, the seeds may die.

Note: you can plant beans at any time, even in June or early July. Modern breeders have bred early maturing varieties that germinate quickly and give a rich harvest. The main thing is to decide on the variety, in which they will help you in any summer cottage.

The world market of leguminous crops containing protein is developing dynamically. The first place is occupied by beans: 9 million tons of beans are grown on a sown area of ​​about 20 million hectares. The main suppliers are Ethiopia, China, Argentina, Canada, USA and Myanmar.

The Ukrainian market of legumes is in a state of revival and is actively developing. At the same time, domestic plant growers do not see the prerequisites for a sharp rise in the industry and focus on exports.

whims

Beans have gained worldwide popularity due to their beneficial substances, nutritional value and palatability. Beans are rich in vitamins B, C, carotene and various minerals. And in terms of the amount of protein, which contains more than 23 amino acids necessary for the human body, beans are not inferior to meat.

There is an opinion that beans are easy to grow, but in reality this is not the case. The yield of a plant depends on many factors. First of all - from the thoroughness of seed preparation. If you hurry with sowing, seeds in unheated soil will not sprout well, they can become infected with fungal diseases. Delay threatens with a large crop shortage.

The optimum temperature for bean germination is 10-12°C, and 20-25°C is required for active growth. The culture is sensitive to frost and dies at -0.5-1°C. With a lack of moisture during the formation of beans, the pods grow small, coarse, with immature fruits, with an excess of it, the plant is affected by diseases, the yield is reduced, or even dies. Beans are comfortable in shaded areas, in the aisles of a vineyard or garden, corn and other crops. At the same time, insufficient lighting, especially during the growth period, negatively affects the yield.

The culture prefers chernozem and loamy soil. Best of all, beans grow after cucumbers, cabbage and potatoes, root crops. And after it, winter wheat and barley give a good harvest. Beans cannot be planted in the same area for three to four years in a row due to the high risk of pests and diseases. With proper care and favorable weather, the plant can bear fruit twice a year.

According to the founder of Rost Agro, Mikhail Bernatsky, their farm did not immediately select the optimal planting density and depth, which made it possible to obtain the desired seedlings. Therefore, they focused on the purchase of bean harvesting equipment: in the arsenal of agricultural enterprises there are combines from America, pneumatic seeders from France. Beans love fertilizers: for one centner of grain and the corresponding amount of straw, it requires 5-6 kg of nitrogen, 4-5 kg ​​of potassium and 1.5 kg of phosphorus. The crop is harvested at Rost Agro in the Poltava region in several passes due to the uneven ripening of the beans: first, with a mower, a doubler and a harvester for threshing windrows. Additional cleaning, drying and packaging are carried out in a stationary room.

Without modern technology there is no way to cope with the harvesting of beans, and Svarog West Group also focuses on this. The farm is minimizing crop losses in the field with SuperFlex headers mounted on modern combines that follow soil contours and harvest low-growing beans.

Beans are an excellent nitrogen-fixing crop that increases soil fertility and frees it from weeds; it is also beneficial for the rational distribution of the sowing campaign. Actually, these qualities often become an argument for the beginning of its cultivation. “The reason for the introduction of this culture is the gradual transformation of the farming process in our enterprise,” says Elena Zubareva, PR manager at HarvEast. “Today, it is important for us to preserve moisture, a factor that often limits the range of cultivation of crops such as beans. For HarvEast, beans are a relief crop for crop rotation and a source of natural enrichment with mineral nitrogen, and, as a result, a good predecessor for the winter wedge.”

Where are found« princesses»

Beans have been grown in Ukraine for a long time. But in the 90s of the last century, the existing system of seed-growing and production farms was practically destroyed. The volumes of crop production have decreased significantly, and the cost has increased.

Now the market segment is reviving, interest is observed both among processing enterprises and exporters. Bean sown areas are located mainly in Odessa, Dnepropetrovsk, Transcarpathian, Zaporozhye, Kyiv and Khmelnytsky regions. The plant is cultivated a little less in Vinnitsa, Nikolaev, Poltava, Ternopil, Kharkov, Cherkasy, Chernihiv and Chernivtsi regions.

According to the Ukrainian Club of Agrarian Business (UCAB), the largest share of bean cultivation belongs to households.

A small share in the bean growing niche is occupied by the Bobovoye farming enterprise, Gold Exim LLC, Ameria Russ and the private enterprise Energy. One of the largest bean producers is Svarog West Group.

“The decision to grow beans is primarily justified by the price policy of the market, because the marginality of beans, like many other niche crops, is much higher compared to exchange crops,” says Inna Meteleva, Deputy Chairman of the Board of Svarog West Group. The company has been growing beans since 2014, sowing annually about 2.1 thousand hectares of land in the Khmelnytsky and Chernivtsi regions. On average, the yield is 2.4 t/ha.

Preference is given to varieties of foreign selection and constantly experimenting: testing varieties for productivity when applied different technologies on different soils. “We also cooperate with Ukrainian breeders. But there are nuances. For example, the US Dry Bean Council operates in the USA with offices on all continents, which unites all participants in the US bean market: breeders, seed growers, producers and traders. At the same time, they are very closed to external partnerships, as they perceive this as subsequent competition in world markets. They also include Ukraine among such competing countries,” explains Inna Meteleva.

HarvEast started with a sowing area of ​​145 hectares, which was sown with seeds of foreign selection. “This year we are working on a forward basis: we are selling beans to a company that provided us with seeds for sowing,” says Elena Zubareva.

The largest bean breeding companies in the world belong to the USA, the Netherlands and France. Their varieties can be successfully used for cultivation in Ukraine.

At the same time, domestic varieties are also popular among growers. In Rost Agro, 250-270 hectares of beans are planted consistently. Giving preference to the Mavka variety, they work closely with Ukrainian breeders.

Bean varieties are listed in the State Register and are characterized by plant height up to 50-60 cm, bush form, mid-season, with a weight of 1000 seeds up to 300 g.

According to UCAB, domestic market prices for beans change during the season. The lowest price situation is during the harvest and in the post-harvest period (August-September). Then there is a gradual increase in prices during the period until the harvest of the new year.

Interesting experience

An interesting project is being implemented by Svarog West Group, involving rural residents in the cultivation. Any owner can become a participant in the "Earning Near Home" project personal plot area from 0.1 ha. Oleg Ovcharuk, an expert on growing beans at Svarog West Group, said that an analysis of the domestic and foreign markets, a competent breakdown of the project into stages and advisory assistance will help the participants in the experiment from Khmelnytsky and Chernivtsi regions to harvest a good harvest and earn $ 260-330 from every 10 acres, planted with beans. If everything goes well, the corporation will extend the project.

Business with abroad

While beans grown in garden beds are mainly consumed in Ukraine, the plant is in significant demand on the international market. Hence the increase in the share of exports.

Most of the grown beans "Svarog West Group" supplies to the foreign market. “Since beans are a niche crop, demand and price are affected by total production. With overproduction, price and demand decrease. It also depends on the type of bean. There may be an overabundance of some varieties and a lack of others. Taking into account the fact that the countries of North and Latin America and China are the main supplier of beans to Europe, Ukraine has a number of geographical advantages for European partners in this direction,” said Inna Meteleva.

Although over two years Ukraine has sharply increased the volume of exported beans, the country ranks no higher than the seventh ten in the world ranking of exporters.

Leading countries in the consumption of Ukrainian beans in 2014-15

Boom not expected

Since last year, on the Ukrainian market there have been many offers for agricultural producers to grow beans from foreign partners with forwarding the future harvest and providing seed. At the same time, HarvEast is not ready to make long-term forecasts about the further cultivation of beans before harvest.

The demand for Rost Agro beans in Ukraine depends on the needs of canneries, to a greater extent - the Veres enterprise, which buys seeds and edible beans for the production of canned vegetables.

At the same time, like any niche crop, beans require specialists, knowledge, technological approaches, modern technology, processing and storage conditions. “Therefore, we have not yet observed a boom in the cultivation of beans,” summarize the Svarog West Group.

At the same time, like any niche crop, beans require specialists, knowledge, technological approaches, modern technology, processing and storage conditions, so producers do not expect a significant increase in bean cultivation.

Investments: from 2.3 million rubles

Payback: from 1 year

Agriculture is actively supported by state policy. Therefore, a business in this area can be a good source of income. One of the directions is the cultivation of beans. Let's break down this business idea in this article.

business concept

Beans are one of the most sought after products due to useful properties and protein saturation. No wonder it is called "meat from the garden." In addition, beans are not capricious in care.

Mineral soils with neutral acidity are suitable for its cultivation. Bean growing technology involves the following manipulations:

• soil fertilization with minerals;
• soaking seeds in a special solution;
• washing and drying;
• landing;
• crop care - watering, weeding, pest control;
• cleaning and processing.

You can sell bean products to shops, catering establishments.

What is required for implementation?

Here you can’t do with minimal investments, since the goal is to organize a successful business that will bring profit for more than one year. To implement a commercial project, you will need:

• land plot;
• seeds for planting - 500 kilograms per 100 hectares;
• fertilizers and pesticides;
• transport;
• hired workers.

Step by step start instructions

Since sowing of beans occurs in the spring, preparation must be carried out several months in advance, even better in the fall.

1. Register LLC. Working officially in the field of agriculture, you can count on subsidies and benefits, land.
2. Buy the equipment necessary for large farms . In other cases, you can use a rented: a tractor for plowing the land, a harvester for harvesting.
3. Purchase seeds, fertilizers and poisons from pests.
4. Hire workers.
5. Find a market.

Financial calculations

Start-up capital

How much will you need to spend:

• 20,000-25,000 - registration of an LLC;
• 500,000 - land lease;
• 50,000 - seeds of 500 kilograms;
• 100,000 - fertilizers and poisons;
• 200,000 - plowing;
• 500,000 - rent of a warehouse for storage;
• 500,000 - wages for hired workers;
• 500,000 - transport and other expenses.

In general, 2 million 400 thousand rubles will need to be invested per 100 hectares of land. The larger the land plantation, the greater the investment, but also the higher the profit.

Monthly expenses

There are no special expenses for each month. If fertilizers and poisons are purchased, then you will have to spend only on hired workers and on unforeseen needs. This is about 200-300 thousand rubles.

How much can you earn?

Using simple arithmetic, we calculate the profit. From one hectare of land, you can get 5-10 tons of beans, depending on the yield. In turn, the yield depends on several factors: proper care crop, seed quality, weather conditions. A kilogram of beans on average can be sold for 60 rubles. From 10 tons of harvest, the net profit will average 600 thousand. From a plot of 100 hectares, the average profit will be 40-60 million rubles, excluding all expenses and investments for the next year. If you grow beans in the southern regions, using seeds of early ripening varieties, then you can sow a legume twice a year.

Payback periods

All expenses will pay off after the harvest and sale of the crop, that is, in two to three months.

Business risks and cons

The agricultural business is always associated with certain risks. Profit depends on the yield, which may be reduced due to weather conditions. Beans are a heat-loving plant, so cold summers and rains can be detrimental to them. Timely work on fertilizer and treatment with pesticides is also important. It is worth a little late, and you can be left without a crop.

Conclusion

Labor in agriculture requires not so much financial resources as a great physical return. If you approach the matter responsibly, then you can earn good money by growing tasty and healthy beans.

annual, thermophilic herbaceous plant, self-pollinator. The weight of 1000 grains is -120-600 g. It germinates at a temperature of 11-12 degrees. optimal pH 6-7.5. Sowing is carried out when the soil is warmed up at a depth of 10 cm to 10-12 degrees, in the third decade of May, at a depth of 3-6 cm. The optimal density is 500 thousand plants per 1 ha. Beans are responsive to manure application and especially to potash application. To avoid severe infection of plants with diseases, beans are recommended to be planted in their original place no earlier than after 4-5 years.

There is more protein in the bean grain than in meat, and the quality of the protein is equal to the protein chicken eggs. The calorie content of grain is 3 times higher than the calorie content of meat.

Beans are useful in diseases of the liver and gallbladder. Increases resistance to infectious diseases and even cancer.

There are varieties:

• Shelling - to obtain grain, sash with a parchment layer, to accelerate the ripening of seeds, reduce the number of beans on the plant and pinch the growth points. Harvesting is carried out before the onset of frost when 75% of the beans ripen, the plants are tied into sheaves and ripen under a canopy;
• Sugar (asparagus) - to obtain beans that do not contain a parchment layer and veins, unripe whole bobos are used for food, when the size of the grain ovary reaches the size of a wheat seed, or 8-10 day old ovaries of beans.
• Semi-sugar - the beans do not contain a parchment layer, but there are veins that are removed before use.

Existing varieties are also subdivided according to the strength of growth - bushy with a plant height of up to 50 cm and climbing, plant height of 2.5 meters or more.

By precocity, varieties are divided into: early ripening up to 65 days, medium early 65-75 days, medium 75-85 days. Mid-season 85-100 and late more than 100 days.

Varieties and hybrids of beans

• Gait- a variety of beans asparagus bush beans with green beans. The beans are narrow with a length of 12-13 cm. The variety is resistant to the disease. SeDeK.
• Amalthea. Early ripe variety of vegetable beans for canning and fresh consumption, bush form. The variety is resistant to bacterial and viral mosaic. Productivity up to 12 t/ha. Selection of the Krasnodar NIIOKH.
• Bona- bush, vegetable variety of beans with a period until the first harvest 48-75 days. Plant height 30-40 cm. Pods are light to dark green in color, without a parchment layer and fibers, 13.5 cm long. Seeds are greenish-white. The variety was bred in Poland. Zoned in 1998 in the Central region. For use in home cooking, canning and freezing. Harvest 10-13.6 t/ha, ripens together.
• Burke Pinto- a variety of vegetable curly beans, in an inflorescence of 2 beans, flat green beans 11-12 cm long.
• curly vegetable- an early ripening variety of beans with curly stems requires a mandatory garter. Bean in the phase of technical ripeness yellow, 12-13 cm long, smooth, round on the cut. 8-9 beans are formed on the plant. Vegetation period 67-72 days.
• Harmony Mid-season curly bean variety. The period from germination to technical ripeness is 65-85 days. The plant, 3-3.5 m long, requires support for growth. Beans 20-25 cm long, rounded, slightly curved, without a parchment layer, yellow. Mature seeds are elongated kidney-shaped, white. Universal use.
• Gribovskaya 92- medium-early grain variety of beans, the period from germination to biological ripeness 90-110 days. The plant is medium-branched, 20-45 cm high. The beans are xiphoid with a parchment layer, 12-15 cm long. In technical ripeness, green, white seeds.
• Crane 9906061. Originator Voronezh vegetable experimental station. The variety is included in the State Register of the Russian Federation for garden plots, home gardens and small farms. Recommended for use in home cooking and canning industry. Early ripe. Bush plant, height 40-52 cm. Leaves are green. Medium sized flower, white. The beans are slightly curved, elliptical to ovoid in cross section, without a parchment layer and fibers, green in technical ripeness, 11.7-12.8 cm long, 0.9-1.1 cm wide, smooth, pointed apex with a medium slightly curved beak. Height of attaching the lower beans is 19-21 cm. The taste of canned products is excellent. The yield of beans is 0.9-1.3 kg/m. The seeds are elliptical, white, the scar is white, the weight of 1000 seeds is 290-320 g. The variety is resistant to bacteriosis.
• Riddle 9906819. The originator of the GNU is the Crimean experimental breeding station of the VNIIR station. The variety is included in the State Register of the Russian Federation for garden plots, home gardens and small farms. Recommended for use in home cooking and canning industry. Mid-season. The plant is bushy, height 40-47 cm. The leaves are dark green. Medium sized flower, white. The beans are straight, to slightly curved, rounded in cross section, without a parchment layer and fibers. In technical ripeness, green, 11-14 cm long, 0.9-1.1 cm wide, smooth, pointed tip with a medium slightly curved beak. Attachment height of the lower beans is 14.5 cm. The taste of the canned product is good and excellent. The yield of beans is 0.7 kg/m. Seeds are elliptical, white with venation, weight of 1000 seeds is 305 g.
• Golden Saxon- Early ripe variety of beans (45-50 days). Fruiting is stretched, from the first to the last harvest 60 days. The plant is bushy, 30-40 cm high. The beans are light green, juicy, fleshy without a parchment layer. Seeds are greenish yellow. The yield of green beans is up to 1.6 kg/m.
• golden nectar. Climbing variety asparagus beans. The period from germination to the beginning of fruiting is 67 days. Pod length 23 cm. White seeds.
• golden neck- early ripe, high-yielding variety of curly, asparagus beans. Plants 2-2.5 m high. Yellow beans 20-22 cm long and 12-14 mm in diameter. The grain is white, oblong. Beans are suitable for canning and freezing. SeDeK.
• Zoryushka- an early variety of asparagus beans bred by the Pridnestrovian Research Institute of Agriculture. The period from germination to technical ripeness is 44-47 days. The bush is compact, compressed, 27-33 cm high. The flowers are pale lilac. The bean is slightly curved, pointed, light green, 10-11 cm long, 0.8-0.9 wide, 0.7-0.9 cm thick, the distance from the tip of the lower bean to the soil is 1.3 cm. The mass of the bean is 5, 5-*6 g. Beans contain 8.5-10% dry matter, 1.7-2% sugars, 18-21 mg% vitamin C, the taste of canned beans is 4.3-4.6 points. Seeds in the phase of biological ripeness are light yellow, oval. Weight 1000 seeds. 300-320 g. Harvest of beans 6-7 t/ha. Resistant to bacteriosis, as well as to low positive temperatures. Zoned in Moldova.
• Inga- an early high-yielding variety of cereal bush beans with white barrel-shaped grains. SeDeKa.
• Contender- early (45-50 days) variety of vegetable beans, bush plant up to 50 cm high, green beans with purple strokes, up to 20 cm long, light brown seeds.
• Belle of Kentucky- Mid-late (55-60 days), winding bean variety, 1.8-2 m high. Beans are yellow without a parchment layer. The seeds are brown.
• Nomad- a variety of curly beans obtained by selection in the Kaluga and Moscow regions from the Sukhumi sample. The variety is medium-early, the bean is short, of medium width, ovoid in cross-section, in technical ripeness light green with a faint purple pattern, which becomes brighter as it ripens. There is no parchment layer and fibers in the bean. The main color of the grain is ocher, the pattern is variegated pale purple. The plant is slightly affected by anthracnose in open ground and medium gray mold when grown in a greenhouse. In greenhouses of the Moscow region. bears fruit until the end of October.
• Laura- an early, high-yielding variety of asparagus beans. Fruits of excellent taste, yellow pods. Bushes 40 cm high. Collection period 15-20 days. An excellent variety for cooking and canning. SeDeK.
• Mauritanian- a variety of curly beans. Bob straight green, rounded, 12 cm long.
• Oil king- a variety of asparagus beans with yellow beans.
• Oily earliest 273- early ripe variety of beans (75-90 days). The bush is medium-branched, compact, erect, height 25-30 cm. The flowers are light purple, the beans are straight, flat-round, small. Seeds are round-elliptical, black. Relatively resistant to anthracnose and bacteriosis.
• Moscow white green pod 556. Mid-season bean variety. Beans with a thin parchment layer. The period from germination to technical maturity is 100 days. Bush 25 cm high.
• Nerine- a hybrid of asparagus beans of the Dutch selection. Green pods without a parchment layer and veins 12-15 cm long, good taste, suitable for canning and cooking. The hybrid differs in resistance to diseases, adverse weather conditions and high productivity. Bush height 40-50 cm.
• Nina -318- a mid-season variety of asparagus beans bred by the Pridnestrovian Research Institute of Agriculture. The period from germination to technical ripeness is 53-56 days. Until seeds ripen 75-82 days. The bush is compact, compressed, 28-36 cm high. The flowers are white. Bob slightly curved or straight, light yellow, length 8-11 cm, width and thickness 0.8-1 cm, without parchment layer and fibers. The distance from the tip of the lower bean to the soil is 2.2-5.1 cm. The mass of the bean is 5.1-5.5 g. The beans contain 8-10% dry matter, 2.1-2.5% sugars, 18-32 mg% vitamin C , 2-2.2% protein, 08-1% fiber, taste of boiled beans 4.5-4.8 points. Seeds in the phase of biological ripeness are white, elongated with a white scar. Weight 1000 seeds 200-260 g. Bean yield 7-9 t/ha. Resistant to bacteriosis, as well as to low positive temperatures. Zoned in Moldova.
• Nodak Pinto- a variety of vegetable curly beans, in an inflorescence from 2 to 4 beans, green flat beans, 11-14 cm long.
• Note- a variety of bush asparagus beans. Bob is round, green.
• Fiery Red (winner). A high yielding, fibrous bean variety. The beans are ready for harvest 90 days after sowing. The beans are dark green, flat, up to 30 cm long. Colored seeds.
• Olase Pinto
• Oran. Early ripe (79-90 days) variety of grain beans. Productivity up to 200 g per 1 square. meters. Bush-shaped plants with a height of 35-54 cm. Grain digestibility is uniform, taste is excellent.
• Orbel yellow- an early variety of asparagus, bush beans. Bob 15 cm long yellow.
• Option. Mid-early variety of bush vegetable beans. The period from germination to technical ripeness is 78-81 days. The beans are dark green, rounded, 13-15 cm long. The recommended sowing pattern is 30 * 40 cm at a depth of 3-5 cm.
• Panther- mid-early, bush variety asparagus, with bright yellow beans.
• flat long High-yielding early-ripening variety of curly beans. The period from germination to the first collection of the blade is 45-50 days, seed ripening is 70-75 days. The plant is climbing, requires support for growth. The beans are dark green, sword-shaped, flat, 24-25 cm long, without a parchment layer and fibers. Mature seeds are white. Universal use.
• Welt- a variety of sugar beans of VNIISSOK breeding, zoned in 1997 in the Central Ch region. It forms a bush with 15-27 sugar beans, the period from germination to the first harvest is 42-58 days, the yield is 12 t/ha, it is resistant to anthracnose and ascochitosis. The beans are green without a parchment layer and fibers, 11-13 cm long, cylindrical in shape with 5-6 grains. Seeds are pink with purple streaks. Beans are used in cooking and for canning.
• Rebus 99004000. Ekaterininsky experimental station VNIIR. The variety is included in the State Register of the Russian Federation for garden plots, home gardens and small farms. Recommended for use in home cooking. Early ripe. The plant is bushy, slightly leafy, 35-40 cm high. The leaves are green. Flower medium size, pink. Pods are straight to slightly curved, xiphoid in cross section, elliptical to ovoid, without parchment layer and fiber. In technical ripeness, green, 8-9 cm long, 1.1 cm wide, smooth, pointed tip with a medium slightly curved beak. The height of attachment of the lower beans is 7-12 cm. The taste of canned products is good. The yield of beans is 1.8 kg/m. Seeds are elliptical, brown with weak venation, white scar, weight of 1000 seeds is 305 g.
• Pink High-yielding mid-season curly bean variety. The period from germination to the first collection of the scapula is 65-85 days. The plant is climbing, 3-3.5 m long, requires support for growth. The beans are long, marble-pink, sword-shaped, without a parchment layer and fibers, each with 6-10 grains. Mature seeds are elongated kidney-shaped, pink with purple stains and strokes. Universal use.
• Rosinka 9803262. Crimean experimental station VNIIR. The variety is included in the State Register of the Russian Federation for garden plots, home gardens and small farms. Recommended for use in home cooking and the canning industry. Mid-season. Bush plant, height 35-40 cm. Leaves are green. Flower medium size, white. The beans are straight to slightly curved, cylindrical, rounded in cross section, without a parchment layer and fibers. In technical maturity they are yellow, 11.5 cm long, 0.9-1 cm wide, smooth, pointed tip with a medium slightly curved beak. The attachment height of the lower beans is 11.4 cm. The taste of canned products is good. The yield of beans is 1.2 kg/m. Seeds are elliptical, white with weak venation, white scar, weight of 1000 seeds is 300 g.
• Gardener- Mid-late bush bean variety for grain. Plant height 40-45 cm. Seeds are chestnut with red spots. The variety is not whimsical and yield stable. SeDeK.
• saxa- early (50-60 days) variety of asparagus beans. Beans without a parchment layer are distinguished by a delicate taste and fleshiness.
• Saks without fiber 615. Early maturing variety of bush beans. The height of the bush is 40 cm, the period from germination to technical ripeness is 50 days. A variety with sugar tender beans of excellent taste and a long fruiting period. Seeds are greenish yellow.
• North Star- mid-season variety of grain beans.
• Second- an early ripe variety of sugar beans of the VNIISSOK selection. The plant is bushy, compact. The stem is green, 30-39 cm long. Unripe beans are cylindrical, without a parchment layer and fibers, green, 10-12 cm long. There are 5-6 yellow-brown seeds in a bean. Weight 1000 pcs. 280-320 g. Designed for eating green beans after heat treatment.
• Siesta- an early ripe variety of bush asparagus beans. The beans are yellow in color with white grains.
• Sisal Medium early variety. The period from shoots to technical ripeness of beans is 60 days. Plant of bush type, high, spherical shape. The beans are green, straight, rounded in cross section, fleshy, without fiber, 11-12 cm long, up to 8 mm wide. Friendly ripening of beans. The variety is highly resistant to anthracnose and bacteriosis.
• Scuba- an early ripe variety of bush asparagus beans. The beans are green with white grains.
• Tara- bush, vegetable variety of beans with a period until the first harvest of 60-72 days. Plant height 30-40 cm. Beans, without parchment layer and fibers. The variety was bred in Poland. Zoned in 1998 in the Central region. For use in home cooking, canning and freezing. Harvest 8.1-10.6 t/ha, ripens together. Resistant to basic
• Tiraspol- a mid-season variety of asparagus beans bred by the Pridnestrovian Research Institute of Agriculture. The period from germination to technical ripeness is 49-54 days. Bush height 30-35 cm. White flowers. The bean is green, 11-13 cm long, 0.9-1 wide, round, without a parchment layer and fibers, straight or slightly curved. the distance from the tip of the lower bean to the soil is 1-2 cm. The mass of the bean is 6-6.5 g. The beans contain 8.5-10% dry matter, 2.2-2.5% sugars, 18-40 mg% vitamin C, the taste of beans3, 9-4.2 points. Harvest of beans 7-8 t/ha. Resistant to bacteriosis. Zoned in Moldova.
• Triumph sugar 764- an early-ripening bean variety (85-90 days). The bush is compact, erect, medium-branched, 30-40 cm high. Pink flowers. The fruits are flat-cylindrical, straight, 12-16 cm long. The seeds are yellow. Relatively resistant to fungal diseases.
• Generous. Early ripening shelling variety of beans (85-95 days). Erect, medium-branched bush, 25-45 cm high. Pink flowers. Seeds greyish-yellow. Moderately resistant to anthracnose and bacteriosis.
• Jubilee 287. Mid-season asparagus bean variety UkrNIOB. The plant is bushy, compact, 30-35 cm high. Bean is straight, straw-yellow, juicy, fleshy. There is no parchment layer and fiber in the beans. There are 9-12 beans per plant, 9-13 cm long. The taste is excellent. Productivity up to 2 kg / m. Seeds are white with pink streaks.
• Eureka- grain beans with white grains.
• Esperanto- a mid-season variety of asparagus beans bred by the Pridnestrovian Research Institute of Agriculture. The period from germination to technical ripeness is 50-55 days, until seeds ripen 76-81. The bush is 31-44 cm high. The flowers are white, 2-4 pairs in a brush. The bean is slightly curved or straight, rounded in diameter, green, 8-12 cm long, 0.9-1 wide, without a parchment layer and fibers, the distance from the tip of the lower bean to the soil is 4-5 cm. The mass of the bean is 6.5 g. 13 beans. Beans contain 8-11% dry matter, 2-2.6% sugars, 19-31 mg% vitamin C, protein 2.1-2.7%, fiber 0.8-1, taste of canned beans 4.1-4.6 points . Seeds in the phase of biological ripeness are white, round-oblong with a white scar. Weight 1000 seeds 380-334 g. Bean yield 7-9 t/ha. Resistant to bacteriosis, as well as to low positive temperatures. Zoned in Moldova.
• Kharkiv belosemyanka D -45- Early ripe variety of beans (70-75 days). Plants are bushy, 25-30 cm high. Bodies are yellow, flat-round, 12-15 cm long, without fibers, but the parchment layer is formed early. The seeds are white. It is weakly affected by bacteriosis and common mosaic.
• Fragile Waxy 509- mid-season sugar bean variety, very well suited for freezing.
• hetton pinto- a variety of vegetable curly beans, light green beans, 10-12 cm long.
• Fantasy- a variety of asparagus bush beans with green pods, 13 cm long. SeDeK.
• Fatima- a variety of curly asparagus beans. Bob flattened, up to 50 cm long.
• purple Mid-season curly bean variety. The period from germination to technical ripeness is 65-85 days. The plant, 3-3.5 m long, requires support for growth. The beans are long, without a parchment layer, rounded flat, slightly curved, purple, each with 6-10 grains. Mature seeds are elongated kidney-shaped, light brown. Universal use.

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