Basic rules for growing sweet peppers. Planting Sweet Peppers for Seedlings When to Sow Proper Seed Treatment and Seedling Care What Sweet Peppers Love

Sweet pepper is a very popular crop among vegetable growers.

And this explains a lot.

It contains a lot of useful vitamins and minerals, the amount of which exceeds tomatoes and eggplants, and in terms of the content of ascorbic acid, it has no equal at all.

Pepper will decorate any dish on your festive table, will give it an exquisite taste and aroma.

This plant is easy to grow and get tasty fruits if all agrotechnical measures are followed.

Features of sweet pepper that you need to know when growing it

• Pepper is negatively affected by changes in night and day temperatures, as well as changes in humidity.
• Insufficient coverage of culture, especially during the formation of buds, has a bad effect on its development.
• There are varieties and hybrids of sweet pepper. A hybrid will be your best bet, as it is more productive, more resistant to disease, and has nice, even fruit.
• For growing crops, flat, sunny, calm areas are most suitable.
• It is necessary to prepare the ground for pepper immediately after harvesting the previous crop.
• You also need to know what fertilizer and when to apply.

Peculiarities different types soil, which must be taken into account in order not to be disappointed in the harvest in the future:

• What needs to be done to improve the fertility of the land if there are loamy soils on the site?

  To do this, you will need the following components: rotted sawdust, peat or manure. All of the above must be applied in certain quantities. Manure requires one bucket, two peat, sawdust is also one.

• What needs to be done to improve the fertility of the land if there are clay soils on the site?

  To improve such lands, it is necessary to take sand of a large fraction and the same rotted sawdust, each of them in a bucket, mix and add to the soil.

• What needs to be done to improve the fertility of the land if there are peat soils on the site?

  With the predominance of such lands, it is necessary to add components such as soddy soils and humus to it. Each of them is taken in a bucket, mixed and applied to the soil.

• What needs to be done to improve the fertility of the land if there are sandy soils on the site?

  With such soils, the following substances are added: peat or clay soil, humus is added to them about two buckets and one bucket of sawdust.

  How to properly prepare the ground for sweet pepper, we list all the steps:

  

  • The first thing you need to know is that they begin to prepare the land for planting the crop immediately after harvesting the predecessor crop, that is, in the fall. The ideal ones are: cabbage, cucumber.
  • In the autumn period of soil preparation, organic fertilizers are applied along with mineral fertilizers. But before that, it is necessary to carry out harrowing or shallow plowing of the soil.
  • But if it suddenly turned out that you did not manage to fertilize the land in the fall, this can be done in the spring. In the same way and with the same fertilizers.
  • After making all the necessary fertilizers, the earth is dug up. At the same time, you need to immediately make beds on which the culture will grow. Height, which should be 25-30 cm.
  • And the last thing that is done is already ready-made beds watered with a solution prepared from the water of one bucket and 0.5 liters of mullein.

  After the measures taken to prepare the land, it can be used for planting pepper.

  And sweet pepper hybrids that you can try for planting on your site: Agapovsky, Atlant, Barguzin, Alyosha Popovich, Bogatyr, Bonus, Victoria, Vitamin, Dar Caspian Sea”, “Dobrynya”, “Yellow Bouquet”, “Green Miracle”, “Ilya Muromets”, “California Miracle”, “Bell”, “Cornet”, “Pioneer”, “Gift of Moldova” and many others.

  When choosing any of them, you must decide for yourself for what purposes you are going to use pepper.

  Seedlings of culture can be grown in three conditions, and briefly about them:

  • AT room conditions. Such seedlings are best placed on windows or balconies, if there is not enough light, then you can also artificially illuminate. Water used for irrigation should be settled for several hours. Feed indoor seedlings twice. The first time when the leaves appear, and the second time two weeks after the first feeding.
  • In greenhouses. In order to obtain high quality seedlings. It is necessary to use biofuel, that is, hot manure. Such seedlings can be grown with and without a pick. The best option for growing seedlings is to grow them in pots that are placed on the ground of the greenhouse and watered. Seedlings need to be fed at least twice.
  • In greenhouses. It is easier to grow seedlings than in a greenhouse. Under such conditions, seedlings growing in pots can be taken outside to undergo the hardening procedure. In the greenhouse, seedlings are fertilized with mineral fertilizers once or twice.

  Features of planting culture

  

  As Bell pepper characterized mainly by a long growing season, then a suitable planting method would be seedlings.

  When planting seedlings, you need to consider the distance between them. The best option will be 45-55 cm.

  A suitable period for planting seedlings will be the last day of May or the first decade of June. Since there will already be complete confidence that the spring frosts will no longer come, and the culture will not freeze out. The best time of day for such a process would be evening time, and you can also select a cloudy day. Thus, the culture adapts better to new conditions and is less injured.

  It is generally impossible to plant seedlings during the day, especially if it is a very hot day.

  Before planting, you need to prepare small dimples with a maximum depth of 50 cm. A little ash and humus are poured into the bottom of the hole, and then the seedlings are installed and the hole is filled up.

  For faster adaptation of the plant to new conditions, they need cover with foil or other material. After the culture takes root and takes root in the ground, the shelter can be removed.

  In the first days of the plant's life, it will look lifeless and lethargic, even if you water it often, but you should not worry, this is quite normal. After ten days, the culture will come to life and begin to grow rapidly. In order for the seedlings to take root better, it is necessary to carry out daily loosening of the soil.

  When planting a crop, you need to immediately install pegs so that you do not injure it later. This is necessary in order to tie up the culture in the future and ensure its normal growth without breaking.

  An important role in the life of a culture is played by the pinching of a plant. To form a stronger and more branched bush, you need to pinch the top. This process is carried out when the plant has reached a height of at least 30 cm.

  If you decide to plant several varieties of pepper. It is better to do this at a certain distance from each other. Because cross-pollination of crops among themselves may occur, which in the future will not greatly affect the taste of pepper.

  What should be observed when caring for sweet peppers?

  

  There are many diseases and pests that can harm a plant. To prevent this from happening, you need to take preventive measures. In the fight against them can help as folk remedies, and means which are on sale in the market.

  Also, crops growing in the neighborhood can provide protection to their neighbors. For prevention, every two weeks, plants can be watered with a solution, but the main thing is not to overdo it.

  You also need to pay attention to the timely watering of the crop, to tying it up from unnecessary damage, to weeding and removing weeds, as well as to making various kinds of plant nutrition for better development.

  Watering the culture is very important. With proper moisture, the plant will grow and develop well. The soil must be constantly moist. But Precipitation should also be monitored if they are abundant watering should be completely excluded, and if not very much, then from time to time it is necessary to water the culture.

  It is best to moisten the soil in the morning, during cold nights. And if not, it is fashionable to water during the day. The temperature of the water should not be cold, so as not to harm the plant. Before watering, you need to carry out a slight loosening of the soil, this is done so that there is no bark around the crop.

  feed the plant is needed in several stages:

  • The first stage must be carried out after two weeks of planting the crop in an open area. For this event, you need to prepare a special solution consisting of urea, superphosphate and water. Having combined all these components, they are thoroughly mixed and poured 1 liter into each bush.
  • The second stage must be carried out during the flowering of the plant. For this event, you need to prepare the following solution, consisting of urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate and water. All components are mixed and applied under each bush.
  • The third stage must be carried out during the appearance of the initial fruits. For this event, you need to prepare the following solution, consisting of potassium salt, water and superphosphate. All components are mixed and poured under each bush, in two doses.

  Loosen the ground under the planted plant must be carried out with extreme caution. The root systems of sweet peppers are close to the surface. In order not to harm the roots of pepper, loosening is carried out not to a great depth.

  The fruits of the culture can be removed unripe and ripe. But when removed unripe, you can get a larger harvest.

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sweet or bell pepper- the plant is thermophilic and rather capricious, but it also has many advantages. In addition to the bright colors of fruits that can easily decorate a festive dish, pepper boasts the presence of vitamins, which it contains a lot.

Pepper seed selection and sowing

To grow pepper and get a good harvest, you need to properly care for it. But, first of all, when choosing seeds of a particular variety, it is necessary focus on growing conditions. It could be:

• open ground;
• Stationary greenhouse;
• temporary shelter;

Growing pepper in a greenhouse is a good option in protected ground, he is comfortable. Although it grows well in open soil.

When the variety is selected, you can begin to germinate the seeds. Due to thermophilicity, sweet peppers are grown only in seedlings. Seeds for seedlings must be processed before sowing. Them soak for a few hours in in warm water. When they swell, they are transferred to a moistened cloth for 3 days. Such processing helps to get shoots very quickly.

They are also disinfected by keeping in a solution of manganese for half an hour and washing after that running water. It is also useful to treat them with growth stimulants. Prevention of seedlings from the fungus will be useful. For this, apply special means. Pepper seeds are sown in February, so that in May they can already be transplanted into the ground. Suitable for growing seedlings:

1. coconut substrate;
2. Peat tablets, they are convenient in that when picking, the seedlings, along with the tablet, are simply transferred to another container;
3. Soil with hydrogel, which retains moisture well.

But the substrate can really be prepared independently from humus, earth and sand in a ratio of 2: 1: 1. This mixture will be light and fluffy. Per kilogram of the composition, you can add Art. lies of ash. Before sowing seeds, it is good to shed the soil with a solution of manganese.

You can use boxes for growing seedlings. But pepper does not tolerate transplanting very well. Therefore, many prefer growing seedlings in small pots or cups to avoid picking seedlings. Both methods are quite applicable. When the seeds are sown, they must be properly moistened and covered with glass or polyethylene.

Temperature plays an important role in the care of seedlings. Optimum temperature parameters for normal seedling growth:

• Daytime t - 25-27 ° C;
• Night t - 10-15 ° C;

It is important to provide seedlings with a good drainage layer. For this, small pebbles or sand are suitable, they are added to the substrate. Moisturizing it should be moderate. Excess moisture can lead to various diseases, but the drying of the soil should also not be allowed. Seedlings are watered warm water because they can die from the cold. What else is needed for the normal cultivation of seedlings:

1. Provide humidity in the room. This is easy to achieve by spraying or purchasing a special humidifier;
2. Ventilation is necessary, but careful so that the seedlings are protected from drafts. Therefore, it is better to cover them for this time;
3. Additional lighting is also needed for care. It is created using phytolamps, LED or fluorescent lamps.

At first backlight used around the clock, but as the seedlings grow, they are illuminated only in the morning and in the evening, providing about 12 hours of daylight.

For the cultivation of seedlings and their development, plants begin to fertilize even in seedlings. When 3 leaves appear on the seedlings, you can start feeding. For this, ammonium nitrate diluted in water, mixed with potassium compounds and superphosphate, is suitable. 2 weeks later, a second top dressing is carried out. After fertilizing, the seedlings must be watered. From vegetable fertilizers for seedlings, nettle infusion is good. A mixture is prepared at the rate of 10 parts of water per 1 part of nettle, insist it for 2 days.

From seedling boxes 20 days after the emergence of their seedlings dive into separate pots. It is undesirable to use too large containers for picking seedlings. In them, the seedlings may rot the root or they will build up excess green mass.

Before transplanting into open soil, seedlings are hardened. To do this, it must be taken to Fresh air, with each time increasing the exposure time. The main thing here is to monitor the air temperature. For pepper, its minimum value is 13 ° C. So it gradually adapts to sunlight, wind and rain. Such procedures make pepper more resistant to temperature changes.

After 60 days, the seedlings are ready to move the open ground or greenhouse to a permanent place. But in seedlings of 80 days of age, the yield is usually higher. It is important that the plants have 10-12 leaves, and height about 30cm. A day before moving to open ground or a greenhouse, you can spray them with a solution of a growth stimulator. It also increases resistance to diseases.

preparing the ground

The soil for growing sweet pepper, as well as for seedlings, is light, permeable, moist and fertile. The soil should be neutral in acidity, if it has a high pH, ​​it needs liming. It is useful to add rotted peat and sand to loams. Peat soil is mixed with humus and soddy soil. In sandy soil contribute sawdust, humus.

The soil for pepper is prepared in advance. In about a year, it is good to add the following compositions to the garden where pepper is planned to be planted:

• Organic fertilizers are added directly below the pepper precursor;
• In autumn, when digging, mineral potash and phosphorus top dressings are introduced;
• In spring, ammonium nitrate is added to the topsoil.

After fertilizing the soil, it must be dug up, freed from weeds and leveled. Then shed with potassium humate or mullein dissolved in hot water.

A few days before planting pepper seedlings, it is good to disinfect the soil with this composition: st. lies of copper sulphate. So, the soil is ready and you can move the sweet pepper seedlings into it.

We plant seedlings

Pepper should be transplanted carefully, without damaging its roots. From separate containers, seedlings are transferred along with a clod of earth. This method minimizes the risk of injury to the roots. Pepper is planted in open ground when all frosts have passed in late May and early June. In a temporary greenhouse in mid-May, and in a stationary greenhouse in the beginning of May. When planting sweet peppers, one must take into account what grew in the beds before it. It will develop well on the soil where there were:

1. Pumpkin;
2. cucumbers;
3. Carrot;
4. Zucchini.

But after potatoes, peppers, tomatoes or eggplants, it is better not to plant pepper, finding another place for it. Necessary take care of the soil temperature. Sweet pepper does not like cold soil, and high beds are a good option for growing it.

It is better to plant different varieties of pepper as far apart as possible. After all, the culture is prone to pollination. If possible, it is better to plant tall crops between them. When planting pepper, it is necessary to maintain a distance between the bushes of 25 cm, and between rows of 50 cm. When the seedlings take root, it must be watered more often. After planting, a humus or peat mulch is well suited, which retains moisture in the soil.

Immediately after transplantation, young peppers can be cover with polyethylene or lutrasil on the frame, making them a greenhouse. This will create favorable conditions for their rapid development. If a film is used, then the landings must be ventilated. It is better to choose a non-woven fabric that allows air to pass through. Spread well in a greenhouse plastic bottles with water. Warming up during the day, at night they will give off heat to the pepper. This will smooth out daily temperature fluctuations. When the weather becomes consistently warm, the shelter can be removed.

Subtleties of care

Caring for sweet peppers is not very difficult. All procedures are quite simple:

• Watering;
• Fertilizer;
• Weeding;
• Garter;

During the growing season carry out pruning activities. Long shoots are shortened, processes located below the main fork of the stem are removed. The procedure also includes the removal of diseased leaves, barren shoots. This is done to form a branched bush and improve yields.

Of the developing stepson shoots, 4-5 are left, on which the fruits will develop. Removing side branches, especially from below, is relevant if the weather outside is hot and humid. But during dry periods, this procedure is not recommended, because the lower leaves retain moisture in the soil. After harvesting, pruning is carried out again. The central flower, which grows from the first branch, is pinched by many gardeners to increase productivity.

High varieties of pepper must be tied up. It is better to put pegs for this immediately when planting its seedlings. Pepper must be weeded and loosened, but very carefully without harming its roots. This makes the soil more breathable. During the season, 3-4 procedures are carried out, and during the second loosening, peppers can be spudded.

AT open field sweet pepper should choose a sunny place and protect it from drafts and wind. In hot weather, it is shaded from direct sun. It is good to mulch the soil with a thin layer of rotted straw. This will keep the soil moisture at the right level and help reduce watering. For pepper, the length of daylight hours is also important. It refers to plants that, with a light day of less than 12 hours, begin to bear fruit earlier. This gives a more stable and higher yield.

Watering and fertilizing

Watering should be regular, because pepper is moisture-loving. Too long a dry period can cause the ovaries to fall off. Irrigation scheme:

During the fruiting period, watering is needed 2 times a week. It is important that the water is not cold, room temperature is acceptable.

Needs pepper and in periodic top dressing. The very first is carried out 2 weeks after transplanting the seedlings, the next one occurs during the flowering period of the pepper and then when the fruits appear.

From fertilizers, it is good to apply organic matter, alternating it with mineral compounds that can be used to process the plant in a foliar way. Potash fertilizers are very useful, but they must be used with caution so as not to overfeed the plant.

Liquid organic compounds are also effective, but fresh manure is not suitable for top dressing. It can provoke the fall of flowers on pepper. From organic compounds it is better to use humus, compost. They are brought in a bucket per 1 sq. m.

Foliar top dressing with growth stimulants is done only in warm weather. The preparations are diluted in water and pepper is sprayed with it. These procedures can take place every 2 weeks.

Vegetable fertilizers are also applicable for the care of peppers. You can prepare such a composition in 100 liter barrel with water, place 5 kg of dandelion, nettle, chickweed, add half a glass of ash and a bucket of mullein. The composition is insisted for a week. It must be strained before use.

What causes pepper

The most common pepper diseases are white and top rot, late blight, macrosporiosis, septoria. There is different ways fight them. Every 2 weeks it is useful to treat the plant for prophylactic purposes with antifungal drugs "Trichodermin", "Alirin".

Helps with late blight proper pre-sowing seed treatment. An infusion of onion peel, which is sprayed on plants, is also effective. Soil moisture needs to be monitored. With insufficient watering, gray rot may develop.

Of the pests, sweet peppers are most annoyed by the scoop, slugs, whitefly, Colorado potato beetle, aphids, bears, and spider mites. Against pests, the plant is pollinated with a solution of wood ash. From aphids, pepper treatment with whey will help well, after which it is sprinkled with wood ash. Spraying plants with infusions of tansy, garlic, wormwood yarrow will help to cope with spider mites. To combat it, keltan, karbofos are also suitable.

Finally

The pepper is harvested by cutting it as it ripens, so that the ripened fruits do not interfere with the development of others. Its usually stacked in boxes where it matures.

When choosing varieties for planting, you need to decide what the pepper is grown for. If you intend to use it fresh, then large-fruited varieties with thick pulp would be a good option. For conservation, varieties with small fruits are also suitable.

As you can see, there is nothing complicated in growing sweet peppers. The main concerns fall on the period of caring for seedlings. But the harvest will pay back all the hard work.

Pepper multi-colored vegetable
It's green, yellow, red
And orange
And different sizes and shapes.

What suits - choose

Sweet, or as we most often call it, bell pepper "won" the love of domestic gardeners in the eighties of the last century. At that time, it was difficult to get not only imported seeds, but even domestic ones.

Pepper variety "Gogoshary"

Gardeners who dreamed of growing sweet peppers on their plots in a greenhouse or hotbed bought bell peppers and took out seeds from it, trying to germinate and grow seedlings. If there was an opportunity, then seeds or fruits of sweet pepper of the Gogoshary variety, which was grown in Moldova, were bought on the market.

Over time, such varieties of sweet pepper for greenhouses and hotbeds as “Swallow”, “Health”, “Gift of Moldova”, “California Miracle”, “Mirage” and “Winnie the Pooh” began to appear on store shelves.

Then new varieties of sweet peppers appeared, such as "Pygmalion", "Star of the East", large-fruited and thick-walled "Juliet", "Romeo" and many others. However, over time it turned out that the fruits of these varieties and hybrids can only be processed fully ripe.

To date, a great variety of various different varieties sweet pepper, which plunges into a state of confusion not only novice gardeners, but even experienced gardeners. (See also Cultivation of bell peppers) Varieties of sweet pepper for cultivation in open ground, greenhouse or greenhouse today have not only the most diverse color, but also a different shape. So how do you choose the most suitable varieties of sweet peppers for a greenhouse?

What are the varieties of sweet pepper

Pepper varieties are amazingly diverse, but you need to choose them based only on the climatic conditions of your region.

Conventionally, all varieties of sweet pepper for greenhouses and open ground are divided according to ripening time into:

• ultra-early (less than 100 days pass from the moment of germination to fruit ripening to technical maturity);
• early (101-120 days);
• medium early (120-135 days);
• late (136-150 days);
• very late (more than 150 days).

Sweet peppers are also subdivided according to the height of the bush:

• undersized (up to 50 cm);
• medium height (up to 100cm);
• tall (150-200cm).

If you plan to grow bell peppers without a greenhouse and a greenhouse, on an ordinary garden bed, then such varieties as Slastena, Kazachok, Hercules and other varieties are suitable for you.

Such varieties of bell pepper as "Accord", "Alyosha Popovich", "Freckle", "Dolphin", "Dawn", "Hedgehog" and "Violet" are quite resistant to sudden temperature changes.

In order for the sweet pepper in the greenhouse not only to grow, but also to ripen, it is better to choose undersized, early ripening varieties or hybrids, such as Bianka, Eroshka, Yunga, Turquoise, Venti, Victoria, " Hercules", "Gullible", "Flamingo", "Golden Jubilee" and others. All of them should not only be early ripening, but also be resistant to low temperatures and various diseases.

Pepper variety "Yunga"

If you have a good glazed or polycarbonate greenhouse with warm beds or the ability to heat, then you can grow almost any variety of sweet pepper for the greenhouse, even tall, thick-walled, large-fruited hybrids of late ripening.

Such varieties of early and medium ripening "Ilya Muromets", "Orange Miracle F1", "Player", "Green Miracle", "Karapuz" showed themselves well in unheated greenhouses.

What kind of pepper to choose?

There are now a great many varieties of pepper, and each gardener chooses the ones he likes best in color or shape.

Many gardeners, when buying seeds, think about whether it is worth planting different varieties of sweet pepper for greenhouses or planting one single one.

It all depends on the needs of your family and how much you love this culture. If you want to please yourself with juicy and delicious peppers, and save for the winter a dozen jars with various pickles and marinades with bell pepper, it is better to choose several varieties of different ripening periods and different in height, color and shape.

No matter which greenhouse bell pepper variety you choose to grow, there are general rules and recommendations for growing pepper seedlings and subsequent plant care.

How to grow sweet pepper seedlings

Growing sweet pepper in a greenhouse begins with the preparation and sowing of seeds for seedlings. This vegetable crop in our conditions can only be obtained by seedlings. Let's, in general terms, consider all the stages of growing sweet pepper intended for planting in closed ground.

Preparation and sowing of sweet pepper seeds

It should be immediately noted that the seeds of sweet pepper have a maximum germination capacity only in the first year after harvest. With each subsequent year of storage, the percentage of germination decreases significantly.

Seeds of bell pepper are sown for seedlings, as a rule, in late February, early March. This is due to the fact that the seeds of this vegetable crop germinate for a rather long time: from a week to one month.

Before sowing seeds in the ground, you need to carry out several preparatory work:

• Be sure to disinfect the seeds in a 1% solution of potassium permanganate (in a pink solution of ordinary potassium permanganate) for 20-30 minutes, then rinse clean water.

Tip: before disinfecting the seeds, you can select the strongest ones. To do this, dilute 2-3 tbsp. tablespoons of ordinary table salt in a liter of warm, room temperature water.

We lower the seeds into the solution and, after mixing, leave it in it for 5-10 minutes. Weak and damaged seeds will float, while strong ones will sink to the bottom. The seeds floating on the surface of the solution are discarded, and those that are at the bottom are washed and dried on clean paper.

• It is optional, but desirable, to soak the seeds of sweet pepper, for a day, in a solution of wood ash or humic acids, or in any stimulant preparation.
• After soaking, rinse again with clean water and leave to “peck” on a saucer, covering with clean, damp gauze. Make sure the fabric is always kept moist.
• After the seeds have hatched, they are immediately sown in containers or pots prepared in advance, with well-moistened soil. The planting depth should not exceed 10 mm.
• Containers with planted seeds are covered with glass or plastic wrap, you can use ordinary packaging bags, and put in a warm place, for example, to central heating batteries.

Important: pepper seeds germinate at ambient temperatures above +200 C. The most favorable temperature is +250 C.

Growing seedlings

As soon as shoots appear in the containers, they are rearranged into the light, gradually removing the polyethylene in order to "accustom" the plants to new conditions.

When caring for sweet pepper seedlings, you must:

• water the seedlings in a timely and regular manner;

• feed seedlings of peppers with liquid complex fertilizer 12-14 days after germination;
• when the first pair of true leaves appears, pick the plants into individual containers or pots;

Sweet pepper seedlings are considered ready for planting in a greenhouse or hotbed at the age of 60 days and provided that the plants have formed 16-17 true leaves.

Planting seedlings in a greenhouse or greenhouse

In the conditions of the middle lane, sweet pepper seedlings are planted in unheated greenhouses in mid-May, having previously prepared the soil and created an additional shelter system in case of low night temperatures and return frosts.

It is important that the soil in the greenhouse warms up to +180 C, is saturated with organic and mineral fertilizers and is well moistened, since it is possible to grow sweet peppers in a greenhouse only when the necessary microclimate is created for the plants.

Important: when preparing the soil in a greenhouse for seedlings of peppers, 1-2 buckets of rotted mullein or compost, 30 g of potassium chloride, 40 g of ammonium nitrate and 60 g of superphosphate are added per 1 m2. After applying organic and mineral fertilizers, the soil must be dug up.

Sweet pepper planting scheme

The scheme for planting sweet (vegetable) peppers in a greenhouse depends on the size of the bush of the selected variety. Plants that are tall are planted at the rate of 4-5 plants per 1 m 2. In this case, the distance between seedlings should be at least 40 cm, and between rows, at least 70 cm.

Plants of undersized varieties are planted more often, at the rate of 6 plants per 1 m2, with a distance between them of 30-35 cm. The width between rows is maintained at 70 cm.

Important: when planting, pepper seedlings should not be buried, since side roots do not form in it. In case of deepening, the plant may rot in the area of ​​​​the root collar and die.

When planting seedlings in a permanent place, it is necessary to transplant plants very carefully, together with an earthen clod. Pepper is very difficult to tolerate damage to the root system and can recover for a long time after transplantation.

After the sweet pepper seedlings have been planted, they must be well shed (see How to water pepper in a greenhouse correctly).

Additional shelters

As already mentioned, pepper is planted in greenhouses at a time when there is a threat of return frosts and negative night temperatures. That is why it is so important to provide for the possibility of additional shelter.

To create such a shelter, you can install arcs and cover them with a thick film or special non-woven material. On warm days, such a covering material rolls up, and at night it falls back onto the arcs. Completely additional shelter is removed after the threat of returning frosts has completely disappeared.

Features of further care

It often happens that the seedlings turned out to be successful, and in the greenhouse the plants took root remarkably and bloomed profusely, but the ovaries, and even more so the fruits, did not form, and the gardeners have a question: so what was done wrong? So how to grow sweet peppers in a greenhouse and get a good harvest?

Consider the main features of growing sweet (Bulgarian) peppers in a greenhouse:

• Pepper is a moisture-loving plant. If it does not have enough moisture, then the plant develops poorly and discards the ovaries. However, this culture does not tolerate waterlogging, it immediately starts to hurt. Watering peppers should be regular and carried out only under the root and only with warm, settled water.
• For sweet peppers, not only soil moisture is important, but also air humidity. To maintain a normal level of humidity, you can spill the paths or water the glass of the greenhouse. With low humidity levels in the greenhouse, peppers can shed flowers and ovaries.
• Modern varieties of sweet pepper are intensive hybrids. For the normal formation of ovaries and the maturation of a bountiful harvest, they need fairly frequent top dressing. To this end, with each watering, you can add an infusion of mullein or herbs, the so-called "herbal tea".

Tip: When the peppers are in bloom, they can be sprayed every two weeks with a solution of honey and water. For this purpose, half a teaspoon of honey is diluted in 1 liter of water. It turns out at the same time attracting pollinating insects to the greenhouse and foliar top dressing.

• The root system of pepper needs air. If, due to the compaction of the topsoil, the amount of air entering the roots is reduced, the plant slows down its growth, and the crop suffers significantly.

Loosening the soil under peppers is quite dangerous, since root system they are superficial and easily damaged. For this crop, it is preferable to use mulching of the soil around the trunk with sawdust, mowed grass, humus or straw. The layer of mulch should be at least 3 cm.

• For sweet peppers, lighting plays an important role. In order for each plant to receive the amount of light it needs, bushes need to be formed. As a rule, on plants after 8-10 leaves, depending on the variety, several side shoots appear.

The two strongest shoots are left, and the rest are pinched.

It is important to periodically remove all stepchildren from the plant, as well as all leaves and shoots, flowers and ovaries that are located below the main branching of the stem.

• Pepper plant is quite fragile, its stems and branches can easily break off.

To prevent this from happening, the plant must be tied up. This applies not only to tall plants. The branches of undersized plants can break under the weight of the fruit, and the trunk itself, with a large number of ovaries, can break.

parnik-teplitsa.ru

Undoubtedly, eating vegetables is a great way to provide your body with positive micronutrients. Pepper is one of the most healthy vegetables and it is not for nothing that they say that it actually contains the entire periodic table (naturally, we are talking about positive elements).

This gift of nature in the summer costs literally a penny - kilograms of pepper are sold at bargain prices. But in winter, when there is a catastrophic lack of vitamins, it is almost impossible to find pepper, or the price for it increases almost tenfold.

In this article, we will look at how to grow sweet peppers in a greenhouse in order to receive essential vitamins all year round. And for clarity, the material will be illustrated with photographs, which will help you understand the basic principles of obtaining a quality crop.

First of all - choose a variety!

Before telling how to grow pepper in a greenhouse, you need to study in detail the different varieties of this vegetable and choose the best one for your climatic conditions.

The main distinguishing features of pepper

All varieties are:

• fruit size;
• form;
• color.

In particular, if we talk directly about the form, then it can be as follows:

• conical;
• curved;
• cuboid;
• globular;
• prismatic.

The weight and length of the fruits also differ. So, the weight can vary from a few to two hundred grams, and the length - from one to thirty centimeters.

The color of the fruit, of course, largely depends not only on the variety, but also on the degree of ripening of the pepper:

• light green;
• yellow;
• red;
• brown;
• orange;
• purple, etc.

The most popular varieties of pepper

Talking about how to grow sweet peppers in a greenhouse, it is necessary to briefly describe the most popular and productive varieties of this vegetable.

Gardeners and gardeners prefer the following varieties:

1. California Miracle:
   1. fruits are large, bright red color.
2. Night:
   1. hybrid variety;
   2. mid-season;
   3. fruits of a bright red color, shape - a truncated pyramid.
3. Orange miracle:
   1. hybrid variety;
   2. early ripe;
   3. the fruits are bright yellow in color, the shape is cuboid.
4. Negotiator:
   1. hybrid variety;
   2. early ripe;
   3. fruits of red color, shape - prism.
5. Alyonushka:
   1. hybrid variety;
   2. medium early maturation;
   3. the color of the fruit is red, the shape is a truncated pyramid.
6. Tenderness:
   1. early ripe variety;
   2. color - red, shape - truncated pyramid;
   3. pulp is tender.
7. Pinocchio:
   1. hybrid variety;
   2. early ripe;
   3. color - red, shape - conical;
   4. fruits are ribbed.
8. Winnie the Pooh:
   1. early ripe variety;
   2. fruits are cone-shaped, slightly shortened;
   3. color is bright red.
9. Martin:
   1. variety of medium early ripening;
   2. the color of the fruit is red, the shape is cone-shaped.

The above varieties are characterized by high yields, resistance to certain diseases, and therefore are successfully used in the cultivation of pepper in a year-round greenhouse.

Features of planting and care

To get a quality crop, you need to know all the subtleties of how to grow bell peppers in a greenhouse.

In particular, it is about proper preparation seeds, which includes three stages:

• carry out disinfection- place the selected planting material in a one percent solution of potassium permanganate and hold for 30 minutes, then rinse with clean, warm water;
• planting material is recommended to be treated with a growth stimulator, which you can buy in a garden store;
• since pepper quite often affects the fungus, it is recommended to process them "Immunophytom".

Sowing and optimum temperature

After you have processed the planting material, you can start sowing it. Everyone who knows how to grow peppers in a greenhouse has prepared pots for this in advance.

You can use any container:

• plastic pots;
• ceramic pots;
• metal boxes;
• wooden crates, etc.

Instructions on how to sow seeds include next order actions:

• sowing depth fluctuates from 5 to 12 millimeters;
• optimum temperature for seed germination 25 to 30 degrees on the Celsius scale.

Usually seedlings germinate already on the fourth day after sowing, after which it is recommended to lower the temperature. up to 16-18 degrees and keep it up for seven days.

Advice. Lowering the temperature is essential. This will prevent active growth of the stem and leaves.

After a week of coolness, the temperature is raised again - up to 22-28 degrees on the Celsius scale.

How to feed

If you want to not only learn how to grow bell peppers in a greenhouse with your own hands, but also really get a quality crop, take Special attention plant nutrition.

It is necessary to start top dressing after three full leaves appear on the sprouts.

The composition of the nutrient mixture is as follows:

• ten liters of clean, not cold water;
• 125 grams of superphosphate;
• 50 grams of urea;
• 30 grams of potassium salt.

All ingredients are mixed well, after which the plants are watered. In conclusion, all plants must be watered with clean water.

Advice. After the appearance of two or three leaves, it is also important to ensure good illumination of the pepper. It is necessary to illuminate the plants for about twelve hours a day, it is desirable that the blue spectrum prevails in the light.

The second feeding is carried out with the same composition, but after the plants have four leaves. It is especially important to ensure good feeding after the seedlings have about seven to eight leaves, since it is during this period that future fruits are formed.

Seedling hardening

Those who know how to grow peppers and eggplants in a greenhouse are convinced of the need to carry out a full-fledged hardening of seedlings, which must be completed two weeks before planting plants in a greenhouse. To do this, pots with grown seedlings should be taken out to the balcony or terrace, removing them indoors at night.

Advice. The day before planting seedlings in a garden greenhouse, it is recommended to spray all plants "Elina" — special solution, which includes growth stimulants of natural origin. This will strengthen the root system and the resistance of pepper to various adverse conditions.

Transplanting

Many who are interested in how to properly grow peppers in a greenhouse will definitely find out detailed information on how to properly plant seedlings in a greenhouse.

This procedure involves the following procedure:

• planting seedlings in a greenhouse must be carried out after each stem has at least twelve leaves;
• in such plants, the stem is already quite dense, and its height reaches up to twenty-five centimeters;
• soil temperature should be about 15 degrees;
• the age of the seedlings must exceed 55 days.

Do not forget to prepare the soil using fertilizers for this purpose:

• based on phosphorus - 40 grams per square meter of soil;
• based on potassium - 40 grams per square meter of soil;
• based on nitrogen - 30 grams per square meter.

Planting density is as follows:

• the distance for vigorous and hybrid varieties is about thirty-five centimeters;
• distance for medium-sized varieties - about twenty-five centimeters;
• the distance for undersized varieties is about fifteen centimeters.

Before planting seedlings, about two liters of water must be poured into each hole.

Features of care

There are certain rules for caring for peppers planted in a greenhouse. In particular, we are talking about the following:

• timely watering;
• no sudden temperature changes.

Advice. Remember that various pests often appear on greenhouse peppers, including aphids, spider mite and much more. To get rid of them, it is recommended to use karbofos.

Be sure to use tying if you grow tall varieties or hybrids.

For this purpose, follow these steps:

• when forming a bush, choose two strong shoots;
• leave two shoots for collection;
• tie them to the trellis.

Pay attention to the fact that in order to ensure the quality development of the plant, it is extremely important to remove the lower buds.

In addition, the following are subject to regular removal:

• side shoots;
• side leaves;
• diseased leaves;
• shoots without fruit.

How to Avoid Bitterness in Peppers

A feature of pepper is that all its flowers are same-sex, and then this plant performs pollination on its own. However, if insects enter the greenhouse through an open window or door, so-called cross-pollination may occur, which should not be allowed. Especially if in one greenhouse it grows not only sweet, but also bitter varieties. In this case, you can get all the bitter fruits instead of sweet ones.

In conclusion

Now you know the features of growing sweet peppers in a greenhouse. By adhering to all the above recommendations, you can get a guaranteed quality harvest.

By the way, you can even experiment with the taste of fruits if you plant several varieties in one closed area and allow insects into the greenhouse, which will be cross-pollinated. But first, just master the cultivation of pepper, and only after that proceed with the experiments.

In the presented video in this article you will find additional information on this topic.

oteplicah.com

Sweet pepper in the open field. Growing experience.

Hello dear friends!

Among the favorites vegetable crops Nina Vladimirovna Gubanova - the oldest member of the gardening club "Volzhanka" - peppers in a special place. I hope that the observations that the experienced gardener systematized while growing sweet pepper outdoors, will be of interest to you and will assist you in growing this wonderful crop.

Why is sweet pepper bitter?

Sweet pepper is a self-pollinating plant. Like most nightshade crops, the pistil in the flower is located below the stamens, which causes self-pollination. In sharp varieties, the pistil protrudes above the stamens - in this type of pepper, cross-pollination of flowers.

However, sweet peppers are also prone to cross-pollination. Many gardeners observe confirmation of this by planting seedlings of sweet and bitter peppers, close to each other. The fruits of sweet pepper in this case are bitter. I was convinced of this in my own practice, and therefore I try not to plant seedlings of bitter and sweet peppers nearby.

About seedlings

The optimal age of seedlings is 55 - 65 days. It should be 20 - 30 centimeters high, have 10 - 15 true leaves and single buds. This is important point in cultivation, since overgrown seedlings are sick for a long time, leaves often turn yellow and even fall off, as well as flowers and the first ovaries.

Why remove the first flowers?

If the seedlings have bloomed, it is better to remove the first flowers, otherwise few ovaries form on the bush, sometimes the seedlings transplanted into the soil do not bloom at all. This happens because in a small volume of soil (pot) the plant gives all its strength to the formation of flowers and ovaries. Having transplanted sweet pepper outdoors, You increase the area, but all the forces of the plant go to the formation of the underground part (roots), and not the above-ground organs.

In addition, the formation of fruits in peppers occurs in waves: the plant blooms - then forms fruits, rests and blooms again ... And so on until the plant is healthy.

If the fruits are on the plant until fully ripe, the crop is lost by 20-30%.

When harvesting fruits that have reached biological ripeness, the yield increases. By the way, green pepper contains 40% more vitamin C than ripe red pepper. Therefore, the harvest must be harvested more often, and let the fruits, having reached right size, ripen in the process of maturation.

When to plant seedlings

Seedlings are planted at a soil temperature of 10 - 12 degrees. At this time, the air temperature usually warms up to 14 - 15 degrees. If the planted plants remain at a temperature of 10 degrees for a long time, they turn into "stubborn", that is, they stop development: no care and feeding will make them grow. There is a process that I call "aging of the vascular system of pepper." In this case, the plant for the whole season forms only one fruit or does not produce a crop at all.

About pollination

Pepper is a heat-loving plant, the optimum temperature for its growth and development is 25 - 26 degrees. At a temperature of more than 30 degrees, the pollen becomes sterile, pollination does not occur, the flowers fall off.

Pepper does not like waterlogging and overdrying of the soil. When waterlogged, plants often get sick, and when overdried, the fruits become bitter and their taste worsens.

Why do fruits fall

In the summer, when the temperature is kept within 30 - 35 degrees, and the relative humidity of the air drops sharply, there is a mass fall of buds, flowers and ovaries. This happens because the stamens and pistils dry out. No fertilization - fruits are not formed.

In the heat, water reserves in the soil are sharply reduced, and evaporation from the leaves increases. This leads to an imbalance - there is not enough moisture for the growth and development of plants. The outflow of water and nutrients from the generative organs (fruits) to the points of growth and leaves begins. In places of attachment of buds, ovaries, flowers, a separating layer of cells is formed, as a result of which the flow of water and nutrients to these organs is limited. That is why flowers and ovaries fall off.

In addition, the fall of flowers and ovaries causes shading of plants, it is especially dangerous when the air temperature drops: the influx of organic substances to flowers and fruits is sharply reduced, and the absorbing light activity of the plant is weakened.

The reason for the fall of buds, flowers and ovaries may be associated with irregular watering.

Blossom rot can be prevented

In some years, blossom end rot develops in peppers. This is the result of a lack of potassium and calcium in the soil. Timely feeding of plants with potassium sulfate and calcium nitrate will prevent the development of diseases. But you should not think that everything will work itself out if you observed the disease in the past year. This season, stock up on the necessary fertilizers and apply them to the soil in time for prevention.

About deep planting seedlings

I checked: additional roots are also formed when seedlings are deepened to cotyledon leaves. That is, deep planting allows plants to get additional nutrition from the soil. During the autumn harvesting of fruit-bearing plants, it is clear that a beautiful root lobe has formed on them. That's why I think: theory should be learned from books, and everything should be checked in your garden.

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See you!

ayatskov1.ru

Many summer residents know how to grow peppers. After all, this is a very popular culture. Pepper has long been popular in cooking and medicine. It contains many vitamins, and there is even more vitamin C in pepper than in lemon. However, not everyone knows how to grow good pepper. In this article you will find useful information on growing peppers.

• It is better to plant seedlings in separate pots, since when diving, the root system of seedlings can be damaged, and it is poorly restored in peppers. It is better that these pots are made of peat or easily broken materials. You can also use bags of soil, in which you can easily adjust the amount of soil.
• Planting seedlings in open ground or a greenhouse must be done 50-60 days after sowing seedlings. If planting outdoors, peppers can be covered with a non-woven material (such as acrylic).
• Water the seedlings thoroughly before planting.
• Do not fertilize the soil under pepper manure right before planting. If you didn’t have time to do this in advance, it’s better to use compost.
• The distance between plants should be 30 cm, between rows - 60 cm.
• Planting depth should not exceed the first leaves, but the plant should not be planted so that the roots stick out, as they will die.
• The air temperature during disembarkation should not be very high, but the average temperature per day should be above 15°C.
• Peppers are quite demanding on soil moisture, they must be watered regularly, but little by little, so that soil rot does not appear. Watering should be in the morning, strictly under the root.
• When the soil dries out a little after watering, it must be loosened, but not deep, so as not to damage the root system (by 6-8 cm.).
• It is necessary to monitor the growth of the plant. After 3-4 lateral shoots appear, the 2 strongest are selected, the rest are pinched. This is necessary for the formation of a strong skeleton of the plant. After the shoots begin to branch, only 1 strong shoot is left on each branch, the rest are pinched.
• The first flower that appears is removed, this is done so that the plant has time to finally develop, and increases its yield.
• Peppers need to be fertilized every week. The first top dressing must be done 15 days after planting.
• Keep an eye on the health of the seedlings, when planting, you need to take only healthy plants, and of course, there should be no pests on the seedlings.

How to grow pepper seedlings

In different climatic zones, the time for planting peppers in the ground is different. Seedlings must be sown 50-60 days before planting in the soil. AT middle lane seedlings are usually sown in March. Early planting of seeds can lead to the formation of flimsy shoots due to lack of light.

Seeds can be sown both in a long tray, and in hotel pots or in separate bags with earth. Pre-seeds can be soaked in warm water or a solution of potassium permanganate. Seeds are immersed in the soil by a maximum of 1 cm.

We prepare the land for seedlings by mixing peat, humus and earth in a ratio of 1: 1: 1. The soil during sowing should be well moistened, its temperature should be 25-27°C. Such conditions must be maintained until sprouts appear. This is easiest done by covering the tray with plastic wrap, which is removed when all the sprouts have risen and levelled. It is very important to control the soil moisture, you can only water the peppers with warm water. As soon as the seeds have sprouted, it is necessary to provide them with access to light, daylight hours should be 12-14 hours. You can put several lamps.

After the emergence of sprouts, the soil temperature can be reduced to 15-18 ° C for a couple of days. All the remaining time it is necessary to maintain the temperature equal to 25 ° C. If you are going to dive seedlings, then you should do this when the first true leaf has formed on the plant, you should not do it later.

Saplings need to be fed every 10 days, watering with diluted fertilizers. The first feeding should be done after the appearance of the second true leaf. In case of picking 10 days after it.

Secrets: how to grow sweet peppers

• Lack of moisture can make your peppers bitter, so water the plant regularly.
• If you do not grow seedlings, but buy, do not take plants with flowers, or with already set fruits - they will not bear fruit well.
• Pepper loves warm soil, do not plant it before the soil warms up to at least 15 ° C.
• If it is more than 34 ° C outside, then peppers should be shaded, as the flowers may wither.
• It is better to remove weeds with your hands so as not to damage the root system of pepper, because it is poorly restored.
• If frosts are coming, harvest all the fruits or pluck the whole plant and let the fruits ripen by hanging the plants in a dry and cool place.

How to grow peppers at home

Usually bitter varieties of pepper are grown on the window. At the same time, the soil for pepper is prepared in the same way as for seedlings. The requirements for caring for homemade peppers are exactly the same as for those grown on the street. The only difference is that such peppers will please you for several years with their picturesque appearance and the benefits of vitamins. When growing pepper on the windowsill, one should remember about lighting; in the winter months, with the help of lamps, it is necessary to increase the daylight hours of pepper to 12-14 hours. And don't forget to cut the ripe fruits. Can you grow bell peppers in a window? No one forbids you to do this, you just need to use a larger pot.

In this article, you learned how to grow peppers from seeds and how to grow peppers on a windowsill. Now you can delight yourself and loved ones with your own grown peppers all year round!

elhow.ru

Bell pepper. How to grow large peppers

How to grow large peppers

Growing large sweet peppers is so easy that anyone who can give them a little attention at least twice a week can do it. However, not always and not everyone succeeds in growing large, 500 g each, peppercorns.

Size depends on variety

First of all, the size of the fruit depends on the variety. If the characteristics of the Gift of Moldova indicate a weight of 90 g, then at least fill the bed with all known fertilizers, but you will get the maximum size of peppercorns 120-150 g, and no more. Although, the better you look after, the fatter the bushes will be and the more peppers you can collect from them, but you won’t be able to grow special giants.

In fairness, it must be said that varieties, such as Gift of Moldova, Korenovsky, Belozerka, California miracle stably bear fruit, are more resistant to "doubtful" care, and often by weight of all fruits are more productive than capricious hybrids.

But if you do not spare fertilizers and stimulants, spray on time from pests and diseases, then you can squeeze out record yields from hybrids. If you want to grow the most beautiful and largest peppers, then you will have to fork out to buy seeds. Large-fruited hybrids are 5-10 times more expensive than varietal ones and 3-4 times more expensive than ordinary hybrids.

Of the hybrids we tested, the largest-fruited ones are Gromada F1, Dennis F1, Kalif F1, Montero F1, Titanic F1, Indalo F1.

And the thickest - Dutch Jupiter and our viking and Merchant. However, do not strongly believe the advertisement - even the "fattest" peppers do not exceed 1 cm in wall thickness (many are only 5 - 6 mm). If we compare with conventional varieties with a wall thickness of 2 - 4 mm, then it is clear that it is better not to chase thick-walled ones, but to buy large-fruited hybrids.

Shaping is not for everyone

You can often hear from some gardeners that peppers need to be shaped by breaking out flowers and cutting out shoots. Similar sadistic methods migrated from greenhouses. In open ground, they are less useful. Yes, following these tips, you can get larger and more beautiful fruits, and if you overlook, then half the entire crop.

The fact is that the pepper is very capricious, and if the soil has dried up or a dry wind has blown (which never happens in greenhouses!), Then the ovaries and flowers themselves crumble, and the more forks, the more peppercorns - flowers appear in peppers only in forks.

But the first flower is still better to remove, so as not to delay the development of the bush. Those who grow peppers from their seeds, on the contrary, should leave it - from the first pepper, the seeds are of the highest quality and most productive (you should not take seeds from hybrids - plants grow from them are very diverse and usually do not differ in special yields).

We also break out the shoots without much fanaticism. We remove only the weakest from each fork, leaving at least two shoots.

Now there are a lot of high-yielding varieties and hybrids, which form 2-3 flowers in each fork. They are also recommended to be removed. But I think it’s better to leave it (reinsurance against falling ovaries), because if the bushes are fed and watered well once a week, then the size of the peppers will not suffer from tightness. The only thing is that they will not be very symmetrical, but, as they say, the harvest requires sacrifice.

Watering the more often the better

You can talk a lot about how to care for peppers, how to feed them. The most interesting thing is that each grower has his own “secret method”, which often contradicts his neighbor. But there will not be much difference in the yield if it is properly watered.

"Normal" watering for peppers at first glance will seem completely abnormal. Perhaps, it really cannot be watered in the northern regions, where there is an excess of moisture and a lack of heat. In the hot south, one must take an example from the Koreans. They love to pour saltpeter under the plantings and at least twice a week they fill the plantings so that they begin to resemble rice checks.

The classic recommendations are to water often, but little by little (the root system of the pepper is weak and it seems there is no point in pouring it heavily) will not work. By flooding the plantings in 2-3 approaches, there is a guarantee that the soil will not dry out (which means that the ovaries with flowers will not fall off), even worse if it cracks, the roots will break and the fruits will be affected by vertex rot.

About 3 years ago I saw a quarrel between two farmers - they grew pepper together, but could not agree on watering, as a result they divided the plantation into 2 parts. One flooded the plantation day and night (the bushes grew to the waist and were strewn with fruits), and the second - only once a week - the bushes were inconspicuous, a lot was affected by phomosis (bushes and fruits wither for no reason), the harvest is more than modest ... But top dressing and spraying were carried out the same way!

You also need to feed

Top dressing in importance is probably on last place. Of course, if the soil was filled with manure properly in the fall - not bad, fertilizing was carried out once a week - good! Sprayed:

- Humate or Novosil - after planting seedlings to give impetus to growth;

— Epinom - on especially hot days to relieve stress;

— Bud or Ovary - during mass flowering, to increase the amount of "live" ovary;

— 25 days before harvesting, they sprayed with Ridomil and Alatar from pests and diseases, and after that they went through Fitosporin a couple more times.

All this is very good, the harvest will only grow, but it is not of decisive importance.

The fact is that fertilizers are so expensive that many simply cannot afford it. Usually a gardener brings in 1-2 kg of saltpeter per hundred square meters and is all worried - the ghost of nitrates will not let you sleep peacefully at night. In fact, "gardeners-pests", pouring out 4 - 4.5 kg per hundred square meters, do not compensate for the removal of nutrients by plants. Having poured out even 8 kg per season (of course, feeding in small doses, but more often), you can sleep peacefully, nothing threatens your health, unless, of course, peppers are planted under the crowns of trees. In the shade and without any fertilizing, vegetables can accumulate excess nitrates.

Therefore, because of our poverty, we have to pour fertilizer into the holes when planting seedlings, add a tablespoon of water to a bucket of water in order to feed the seedlings every 1 - 1.5 weeks.

More serious top dressing is timed to the beginning of flowering and the mass pouring of peppers.

The main thing is to follow simple rules - saltpeter in the spring, then complex fertilizers (azofoska, kemira, crystals ...). If the plants grow weakly or are weakened, then we urgently feed again with ammonium nitrate at the rate of 10 g / 10 l of water. If you want to harvest a tastier crop, feed with potassium sulfate (15 g / 10 l) and superphosphate (20-30 g / 10 l) 5-7 days before harvest.

Sweet pepper is a rather whimsical plant, but this quality does not prevent hundreds of thousands of gardeners from collecting hundreds of kilograms of this amazing plant from the garden every year. In order for the sweet pepper to be juicy, ripe and not succumb to the effects of pests, you will have to study the features of planting, caring, growing seedlings and their subsequent planting!

Growing peppers is a tricky business. Nevertheless, this garden crop is considered one of the most popular. Still, because it opens up endless spaces for culinary fantasies! Juicy and fragrant sweet peppers can be added to salads, borscht, soups and sauces, stuffed, baked, marinated and used to make delicious vegetable stews!

Homeland of sweet pepper South America with its tropical climate. Today, it is grown all over the world in a variety of climates. We, in Russia, began to grow pepper for culinary purposes only in the 19th century. Prior to that, it was used exclusively in medicine. It should be noted that the content of vitamin C in this vegetable is higher than in oranges. In addition, its regular use improves the functioning of the liver and gallbladder.

Where to plant and how to care?

Pepper is extremely thermophilic and photophilous. A comfortable temperature for him is not lower than + 20-25 ° С.
Plant peppers on the south side of your garden so that other plants do not cover it from sun rays.
Caring for pepper when grown in a greenhouse or open field consists in proper watering, constant feeding, weeding and loosening. Pepper bushes should be watered as the topsoil dries. At the same time, it should not be allowed to dry out completely, the plants may die. After watering, it is desirable to loosen the earth.

How to grow seedlings?

Pepper is a late ripening crop, so it is grown in seedlings. We sow seeds for seedlings in late February and early March.

Prepare the soil before planting the seeds. If it was stored in a cold place, a few days before planting we bring it into the house so that it warms up well. Previously, the day before planting, we shed the soil with a pale pink solution. hot water with potassium permanganate. This is necessary for disinfection from harmful microflora, as well as final warming up.

For better growth of pepper seedlings, we mix ordinary soil from the garden with peat-based soil in a ratio of 1: 1.
This will favorably affect the further development of plants. Add wood ash to the resulting mixture in a ratio of 1:15. Ash is an excellent source of potassium, which is so necessary for full development plants. Then we fill the container for seedlings with prepared soil and water it. In principle, you can plant seeds in ready-made purchased soil, if you are not afraid of additional costs.

In a container where many plants will grow, we sow the seeds at a distance of 3-5 cm from each other. Then in the future there will be no need to dive seedlings. Sprinkle the seeds with earth and again pour warm water. To speed up seedlings, we create a “greenhouse effect”: we cover our crops with a film (a regular plastic bag will do).

Immediately after the emergence of shoots, remove the film. Otherwise, the pepper sprouts will overgrow and be very weak. Containers with seedlings should be placed in a warm and bright place with an air temperature of at least + 18-20 ° C. Water the seedlings at intervals of 1-2 days so that the soil is always moist.

In the early days - necessarily warm water with a temperature not lower than + 25-30 ° C. Watering plants is best in the morning or evening hours. Before watering, periodically loosen the soil to a depth of 5-7 cm.

After our peppers get a little stronger, we raise the air temperature to + 22-27 ° С. This will encourage them better growth. Then, in the phase of formation of 3-4 main leaves, we maintain the following temperature: + 22-25 ° C in sunny weather, + 19-22 ° C in cloudy weather, + 16-18 ° C at night.

During the growing period, seedlings will need to be fed 3 times.

We carry out the first dressing after 2 weeks from the beginning of germination, when the plant already has 3-4 leaves. During this period, pepper must be provided with nitrogen so that it fully grows and develops. To do this, add 1 tablespoon of urea to 10 liters of water, stir and water our seedlings. Before watering, you can sprinkle the soil around the plants with ash.
We carry out the second top dressing 2-3 weeks after the first, according to the same scheme.

We do the third feeding of seedlings 4 days before planting in the ground. In 10 liters of water, add 1 tablespoon of urea and 1 tablespoon of superphosphate.

Where to grow: in a greenhouse or in the open field?

We know that pepper is a heat-loving crop. Therefore, when growing in a greenhouse, you will get a guaranteed higher yield than in open ground. Plant care is the same everywhere. But it is in the greenhouse that ideal conditions for pepper growth.

In spring or early summer, do not rush to plant pepper seedlings in a permanent place. This crop needs well-warmed soil and consistently warm weather. In addition, the threat of night frosts should be completely avoided. For warm climate areas the best time for planting pepper in open ground - the end of May - the beginning of June. For cold - the middle or end of June.

2 weeks before planting in open ground or a greenhouse, start hardening your peppers. What it is? In the early days, just open the window. Then we take out the seedlings to a balcony or veranda to a place where the plants will be protected from direct sunlight. If the temperature on the balcony or veranda does not drop below +14 ° C at night, the seedlings feel quite comfortable. Then we don't bring it into the house.

We plant seedlings according to the 30x30 scheme, carefully removing them from the glass so as not to damage the roots. We plant at the same depth as in the pot! Scheme 30x30: next to a single bush there should not be another close to it at a distance of less than 30 cm; seedlings can be planted in a "line", or in a checkerboard pattern.

Sweet pepper is an ingredient in dozens of dishes. This vegetable conquered many with its juicy fragrant fruit pulp and versatility of use, no matter what dish it is used in. In addition, this vegetable is very diverse in appearance. Green pepper, yellow, red, orange, brown and even purple - all these fruits grow next to us and delight the eye. In addition, growing peppers is quite simple. Everyone can do this, you just need to know certain secrets of growing.

Choose a variety

Today, there are many varieties of sweet pepper, differing from each other in the size of the fruit, their color, shape, wall thickness. Also, each variety has its own cultivation secrets. This is a vegetable that needs light. After all, it belongs to the heat-loving nightshade.

Varieties of sweet pepper can be divided into two groups.

Early varieties give a good harvest in a short period of time. These types of vegetables are ideal for growing in cool climates, which are characterized by frequent rains. The most famous early varieties are:

• Swallow - suitable for growing in a greenhouse or under a film. The fruits are red in the shape of a cone.
• Snow White is a variety with cone-shaped fruits, intended for growing in a greenhouse. The color of mature peppers is red.
• Madonna F1 is a pepper hybrid obtained by crossing different varieties. Its yellow fruits are cubic in shape.
• Dwarf - a low variety with cone-shaped fruits. Green peppers are yellowish in color when ripe.
• Winnie the Pooh is a low-growing variety, excellent for growing both in open ground and in a greenhouse. The fruits are small. Their specific feature is simultaneous maturation.

Mid-season varieties in a warm climate should be grown in a greenhouse, and in hot climates in open ground. The following varieties are widely used:

• Maria F1 is a pepper hybrid that gives a rich harvest. The bushes of the plant are tall, its stems reach a meter. The fruits have a ribbed structure and a rounded flat shape. At maturity they are red.
• Othello F1 - a hybrid with large cone fruits. Peppers have a specific purple color, which changes to brown during the ripening period.
• Tenderness - designed for growing in a greenhouse. The variety gives a good harvest. Fruits in the form of truncated oval cones are red.
• Novogoshary is a low-growing variety with red large fruits of a flattened-rounded shape. The fruiting period of the plant is quite long - 45 days.

Growing seedlings

Most often, peppers are grown from seedlings. Important is right choice plant varieties and following the rules for growing vegetables at home. In areas of Ukraine with hot summers, pepper grows well in open ground. If the summer is cool with precipitation, a good vegetable harvest can only be obtained in a greenhouse.

Many gardeners grow early ripe varieties of pepper on the plot and in the greenhouse, motivating this by the rapid ripening of the fruits and their pleasant taste. But such vegetables need to be grown only through seedlings at home.

When growing seedlings, it should be borne in mind that pepper is very fond of heat, moisture and light. But the plant does not tolerate transplanting well.

Before growing seedlings, the seeds must be prepared. After all, they can be stored for no more than 4 years. Therefore, old seeds must be checked for germination.

Seeds collected from actually grown fruits can be discarded in a salt solution. That is, right away at home, you can weed out those that do not sprout.

It is necessary to prepare a solution in the proportion of 40 g of salt per liter of water. Pour the pepper seeds into this mixture and leave for a few minutes. Further, the seeds that have surfaced are taken out and thrown away, since there will definitely not be a harvest from them. The remaining seeds must be washed with clean water and dried. After that, you can begin preparing for planting seedlings.

In order for the seeds to swell and germinate quickly, it is enough to pour them into a cloth bag and rinse with water. After the seeds need to be placed in a bag and leave them warm for a day.

Before planting seedlings, it is necessary to clearly determine the timing due to a number of factors:

• the specifics of the variety (early or late);
• growing method (with or without dive);
• geographical and climatic conditions;
• place to grow seedlings.

Seeds are sown in special dishes (boxes, pots) with home-prepared soil ( a good option- substrate of coconut). The soil is watered, holes are made a centimeter deep, seeds are sown (at a distance from each other, not nearby) and sprinkled with earth.

After the planting site is covered with a film or glass, and the temperature is maintained at 25 ° C until the seeds germinate. The first sprouts appear after 7–12 days, but sometimes germination begins only after half a month. Once every couple of days, the soil should be sprayed with water.

When the first sprouts appear, the glass from the box must be removed and provided necessary lighting seedlings. After all, light has a positive effect on the development of plants and prevents rotting of their roots. The process of additional illumination of seedlings should be carried out only during the day (no more than 10 hours).

It is important for pepper sprouts to maintain the correct air temperature (25°C during the day, 18°C ​​at night).

Watering seedlings should be carried out with warm water, preferably in the morning. The soil needs to be loosened periodically.

Sprouts are negatively affected by contact with other plants. Therefore, you can not sow thickly and put seedlings next to other plants.

Seedlings can be grown in different ways:

• With a dive. The procedure is carried out on the 20th day after the appearance of sprouts. The main root cannot be pinched.
• No diving. In this case, transshipment is carried out - they change the smaller seed germination capacity to a larger one.

For the entire time of growing seedlings, it is fed twice: with a solution of mullein and dry bird droppings.

10 days before transplanting the sprouts into the soil, they can be taken outside for a short time, and also sprayed with garlic, onion, coniferous infusion. All this protects peppers from pests.

disembarkation

Planted sprouts are usually nearby. You can plant seedlings of sweet pepper in open ground after the formation of 7-9 leaves on the plant. You can plant plants only after the end of all frosts.

Planting sweet pepper in an open area is carried out with a distance of 40–45 cm between the sprouts, in no case nearby.

Plant bushes should also not grow nearby. Between them, the distance should be at least 30 cm. A smaller interval can be observed between undersized bushes.

Sweet peppers, both in the greenhouse and on the plot, cannot be grown next to the bitter ones. After all, this vegetable is self-pollinating, and can adopt bitterness from a relative.

The soil for culture begins to be prepared in advance. Up to 5 kg of fertilizer is applied to open ground per square meter territory (humus or compost).

It is also necessary to fertilize open ground with mineral additives: 20-30 g of top dressing per square meter. Such soil enrichment can be carried out in the spring, a few days before the peppers begin to be planted.

It is better to plant peppers next to or in rows in a site protected from the wind. The previous cultivation of cucumbers, legumes and green crops in this area will have a positive effect.

When transplanting pepper seedlings into the ground, the seedlings do not bury. Otherwise, the risk of lengthening the fruit ripening process and reducing the yield is significantly increased.

Planted plants must be watered abundantly and mulched with light material (dry earth or grass).

If there is a risk of frost, you can protect the planted seedlings with lutrasil or film.

Video "10 Mistakes of Growing Sweet Peppers"

Remember these 10 "don'ts" to avoid mistakes when growing sweet and fragrant peppers.

Further care

To get a rich harvest, it is necessary to provide good care for sweet peppers and optimal conditions for his growth. Plants should be planted in a site with good illumination, because with a lack of light, inflorescences and fruit ovaries fall from plants. Moisture in the soil should also be sufficient, because if you irrigate without a regimen, you can grow small ugly fruits.

In early August, it is necessary to pinch the upper part of the stem and remove all the flowers that do not have time to bear fruit before the onset of autumn. After half a month, the procedure must be repeated.

Tall fruits need to be tied for support.

Sweet pepper needs periodic feeding with bird droppings or mullein, as well as potassium phosphate fertilizers.

During the growing season, you need to eliminate all weeds and loosen the soil. The fruits can be harvested unripe. If the peppers are fully ripe on the bushes, the yield can be much reduced.

So, growing peppers in the open field or in a greenhouse is not difficult, no matter what climate they grow in. The main thing is to know the secrets of successful gardening and properly care for the plant at home. Indeed, the success of cultivation is due to a number of factors. Pepper care has both common features for all nightshades, and specific features inherent only to this culture.

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