Submersible pump for a well top 10. How to choose pumps for a well for yourself

A cable is inserted into the safety loop. The whole structure is lowered into the water. The pipe coming from the pump is connected by a coupling to the water supply, the cable is plugged into a socket, and the cable is attached to the brackets of the upper concrete ring in the well. It is forbidden to lower the device by holding the cable!

Model overview

"Baby" - fully corresponds to its name. This is a light and compact pump designed for watering vegetable gardens. It is not recommended to use it for work with permanent water supply. The maximum pressure of the device is 40 meters.

The average price is from 1,240 to 1,900 rubles.

1. This model has several varieties. There are pumps with upper and lower water intake. The latter type has thermal protection. It is very comfortable. If the device overheats, it will turn itself off.
2. When buying, pay attention to the length of the electric cord! There is an option with 10 and 40 meters of cable length.
3. It is repaired very easily and quickly. Replaced the filter - and again in operation. We use it for the sixth year in a row.

Aquarius is the sales leader among domestic submersible pumps. Equipped with a reliable centrifugal system. Able to raise water to a height of 47 meters. It is used in industry, for extinguishing fires, watering vegetable gardens and supplying water to private houses.

The cost is from 1,600 to 6,600 rubles.

1. This pump is able to work not only in the well, but also in the well. And it fits in a diameter of 12 centimeters.
2. Convenient and reliable unit. We've been using it for over a year. Never failed. We supply water to 48 meters.
3. Manufacturers offer several basic models to choose from (and each has its own the lineup). You can choose the one that is more suitable for the owners. All pumps are powerful, light and compact.

"Brook" - a small-sized vibration-type pump with a water intake in the upper part of the housing. Rated head up to 40 meters. Used for irrigation. Immersion in water up to 5-7 meters is allowed.

Price from 700 rubles.

1. Good budget pump. Completely satisfies our needs. It is used only in the summer for watering the beds.
2. We noticed that when the voltage drops in the network, the work changes - the pump pumps less. So far, this is the only drawback noted.
3. Indeed, the pump can be drowned ... if you don’t feel sorry for the well. They didn’t dive at 7 meters, but at 3 meters it worked without interruption.

"Dzhileks Jumbo 60 / 35N" - refers to surface-type pumps. Able to work with a depth of up to 9 meters. It has a fairly powerful pressure - the nominal figure is 35 meters. Used for irrigation and water supply.

The average price is 5,000 rubles.

1. The main thing in this model is the presence of protection against dry running. Used together with a well and a conventional tank. If the water in the tank ran out imperceptibly for us, the pump turned off.
2. It works noisily, it is better not to install it in the house. In general, there are no complaints. At the outlet we get a pressure of up to 3 bar. Enough for the shower and household appliances.
3. We use together with a hydraulic accumulator. The pump is installed separately, in the shed. It is capable of pumping up to 5 atmospheres, but we manually reduced this indicator so that the devices do not wear out. It is very convenient that all automation is already installed by the manufacturer.

GRUNDFOS SQ 1-35 is a powerful submersible pump with a centrifugal water supply system. Compact and light in weight. Diameter 8 centimeters. Ideal for serving drinking water in any autonomous water supply. Rated power 47 meters.

Security country house water, probably, is always a paramount task when creating, even if not comfortable, but simply acceptable, minimally necessary conditions even temporary residence in it. Well, if the house is considered as the main place of residence of the family throughout the year, then the presence of a constantly and stably operating source of water generally becomes a prime necessity. Conventional water supply networks in suburban villages are far from being found everywhere, so you often have to rely on autonomous sources.

Often, the only possible source on the site becomes a traditional well, and the owners need to organize the transportation of water from it to the points of consumption. A yoke with buckets on the shoulders of a slender mistress is very beautiful in pictures and in feature films about peasant life, but it is completely divorced from the current reality. To the aid of modern homeowners comes a variety of pumping equipment that can solve the tasks of water supply. In this publication, the emphasis will be on how to choose the right submersible pump for a well, so that the farm's need for clean water for a variety of needs.

Advantages of submersible well pumps

Providing the house with water from a nearby well can be done using a surface pumping station or a submersible pump. Both options have their own advantages and disadvantages, which should definitely be taken into account when developing a housing water supply scheme. In this publication, we will “bracket” surface-type equipment, and talk only about submersible.

One of the solutions to the issue of water supply is a stationary pumping station

submersible pump

If a Vacation home is permanent place residence, if there is an isolated noise-proof room, if the parameters of the well meet certain requirements, then the pumping station can be the best solution to the issue of water supply. However, it is obvious that there are too many “ifs”, and in order not to be mistaken with, read the information posted in a special publication of our portal.

Why in some cases it is the submersible pump that becomes the best choice?

• almost always limited by the depth of water absorption - usually this value lies in the range of 7 ÷ 8 meters. If we add to this a horizontal section of the pipeline from the well to the station itself, then the actual depth may be even less. This often forces one to go to additional expenses for the creation and equipment of a caisson for a pumping station in the immediate vicinity of the well. With submersible pumps, this problem is not worth it.

• Submersible well pumps, unlike surface ones, will not annoy the owners with noise during their work.
• Submersible well pumps are always less "capricious" to the quality of the pumped water - most of them are able to cope with fine suspensions, which are very likely in a well.
• With a sufficient debit of the water source, the risk of overheating the pump drive is minimal - it is constantly in a cool water environment and is additionally cooled by the pumped flow.
• With submersible pumps, it is easier to organize monitoring of the water level in the well - a special float automatic system installed on many modern models will take it over.

• The use of surface pumping stations imposes special requirements on the tightness of the intake pipe. The slightest leak on the joints, completely invisible to the eye, will inevitably lead to air suction. A submersible pump has nowhere to draw air from, by definition.
• If there is a need to leave housing unattended for a long period, then it will be easier to remove and remove the submersible pump than, for example, to dismantle the pumping station from the caisson or the room allocated to it.

In a word, there are a lot of advantages, therefore, on the forums dedicated to the water supply of private houses, you can find numerous recommendations for owners of houses with a well to give preference to them.

Submersible pumps also have disadvantages:

• For their operation, it is necessary to provide a power line from the house to the well, to monitor the impeccable condition of the cable insulation.
• Automation coordination, management work the entire plumbing system at home, it will be somewhat more difficult to perform (for pumping stations some control and monitoring elements are already provided in the design itself).
• Submersible pump more vulnerable in terms of ensuring its safety. In other words, it is easier to "steal" it in the absence of the owners of the house.

Of course, no matter which pump is chosen, installing it does not solve the problem at all (unless, of course, we are talking only about watering the garden) - it requires the creation of a rather complex automated system, but this is a topic for separate consideration.

Autonomous water supply from a well

In order for the water supply to be carried out without interruption, at any time of the year, when creating an autonomous water supply system, certain rules must be followed. - read in a separate publication of the portal.

The main types of submersible well pumps

Modern submersible pumps for wells, according to the principle of their operation, are classified into four types: vibration, centrifugal, vortex and screw.

Vibratory pumps

These pumps are among the most inexpensive and simple in their design.

Despite a fairly wide range of devices of this type, they all have approximately the same design and even outwardly very similar to each other. Sometimes the parameters are completely the same, and the whole difference is only in the pump manufacturer.

The basic device and the principle of operation are best considered in the diagram:

It is always a metal case of vertical execution, consisting of approximately equal in height, on halves with different configurations (item 1). Between the two parts of the housing there is an elastic seal (pos. 2), which is guaranteed to seal the internal cavity of the device and, in addition, acts as a kind of damper that significantly reduces the level of vibration generated by the pump. The housing halves are firmly connected by fixing screws (pos. 3).

The entire "electrical part" is located in the lower half of the device. A power cable (pos. 4) is connected to it in reliable insulation. The electromechanical part is very simple. This is a coil with a ferromagnetic core, when current is passed through it, an electromagnetic field is created. Since the supply voltage is alternating, the magnetic field lines also change their direction 50 times per second (50 Hz). To ensure complete electrical safety and increase the durability of the coil, it is completely filled with a dielectric compound (pos. 6). Even an accidental ingress of water into the lower part of the case should not cause a short circuit of the turns.

Above the coil is a massive steel anchor (pos. 7). The alternating electromagnetic field either attracts it to itself, or repels it in the opposite direction. Due to the rather high frequency of direction change, this movement is more like the vibration of the armature together with the rod connected to it (pos. 8) in a certain amplitude range, limited by the design of the pump.

An elastic diaphragm (pos. 9) and a piston are fixed to the rod at the top of the pump. When the armature moves down, a vacuum is created in the pump chamber, due to which water enters through the intake holes in the upper part of the housing (pos. 11). When the anchor moves up, in the compression phase, the valve (pos. 12) closes the outlet for water to the outside, and it has only one way left - through the outlet pipe (pos. 13) and further, along the hose attached to it, up to the points of water intake.

In the upper part of the body there is a hole, eyelet or ring (pos. 14) for fixing the cable, by which the pump is lowered into the well and suspended at the required height in the water column.

As you can see, the device is simple, completely eliminating the presence of rotating or rubbing nodes. This predetermines the low price of such pumps.

However, such devices also have very significant drawbacks:

• Despite the presence of an elastic damper between the halves of the body, during the operation of the pump, quite strong vibration waves are created that are transmitted to the surrounding water environment. Such a phenomenon can cause cloudy water in wells that are not too deep, but this is not even the worst thing. Constant vibration impact on the unprotected walls of a well or borehole can lead to their gradual destruction. Therefore, such pumps are recommended to be used only in sources with strong walls, for example, from concrete rings.
• Such a pump does not like water with small impurities - solid particles will interfere with the tight fit of the valves.
• The design of the vibration pump does not imply the presence of automation or water level sensors. This means that you will either have to buy such devices additionally, or make sure that the pump is always submerged.
• The operation of the pump is quite noisy, and it is felt even though it is immersed in water.
• Judging by the reviews in the forums, the vibration still justifies its definition of "friend and foe", and pumps of this type usually do not "live" for too long, despite the assurances of the manufacturers. Justifying the use of vibration pumps is that their low cost makes it quite possible to replace them with new ones on a regular basis.

• Vibration pumps are able to create a good water pressure, but they do not differ in high performance.

From the foregoing, the conclusion suggests itself that a vibrating type pump will be an inexpensive and effective solution if it is used to provide water. country house during the summer period and for . Consider it as a serious water supply device for suburban housing with permanent mode residence of the owners, it would probably be a big exaggeration.

Screw submersible pumps

Pumps of this type are not so common, but still they deserve consideration.

The principle of pumping water with pumps of this type is based on the rotation of the "Archimedean screw" - in order to imagine this, you can recall how a conventional manual meat grinder works.

The screw (pos. 1) of complex geometric shape is connected to the electric drive by a shaft (pos. 2).

Rotation occurs in the cavity of the stator (pos. 3), which also has a rather complex geometry and is usually made of their elastic material (based on rubber). The turns of the rotor-screw are adjacent to the stator machines. During rotation, the volume of water that is in the formed cavities is pushed forward into the outlet pipe. It is interesting that the configuration of the screw and the stator is chosen in such a way that the total volume of liquid in the progressively moving cavities always remains the same. This provides a very even, stabilized outlet head.

ZUBR pump

Advantages of screw pumps:

• High rates of generated stable pressure.
• Low level of noise and vibration in the course of work.
• Of all the submersible well pumps, screw pumps are the most resistant to water pollution, since such a scheme was generally developed for pumping viscous technical liquids.

However, the disadvantages of such pumps make their use very limited:

• The high rates of the generated pressure "coexist" with a very low performance of the pumps.
• Screw pumps have the lowest efficiency, apparently due to the abundance of rubbing nodes.
• The same reason - the presence of friction units, reduces the wear resistance of pumps, that is, they require regular repair and maintenance, and most often - with the replacement of worn elements.

So, screw pumps are probably more suitable for production conditions, where precise control of the generated pressure and its stability come to the fore. Despite the fact that household models are produced specifically for wells or wells, it cannot be said that they have gained wide distribution.

Centrifugal pumps for wells

This type of submersible pumps is the most common and popular, as it meets most of the requirements for such equipment.

The working body in pumps of this type is a wheel with blades, placed in a special chamber, with a liquid inlet in the center and an outlet pipe on the periphery.

The rotation of the wheel with the blades, provided by the electric drive, creates powerful centrifugal force vectors - the incoming water is thrown radially from the center to the outer walls of the chamber. As a result, a rarefaction zone is created in the center, and an area is created on the periphery. high blood pressure(This is well illustrated by the change in color from blue to red). This creates a powerful flow of water.

There can be several such chambers installed in a cascade, which naturally increases the pressure created by the pump (water column).

Pumps of this type have high performance - they are able to lift water from very significant depths, without losing their performance. Their work is quiet and is not accompanied by any significant vibration.

For such pumps, a very large variety of models with different characteristics is especially characteristic - the performance and the generated pressure can vary both by changing the diameter of the working chambers and their number. It is always possible to choose a model for an existing water source - from surface wells to very deep wells.

The disadvantage of such pumps can be conditionally considered the complexity of the design, which predetermines a rather high price for such equipment.

The centrifugal circuit allows many pumps to work with moderately polluted water - this should be indicated in the product data sheet.

Vortex submersible pumps

There is another category of submersible pumps - vortex type. In general, such devices are very similar in design and principle of operation to centrifugal ones. However, the special shape of the impeller and the chamber contributes not only to the creation of centrifugal forces, but also to the turbulent accelerations of the pumped liquid that add up with them. This significantly improves the performance of the equipment.

Interestingly, the design of such pumps is even somewhat simpler than standard centrifugal ones, which makes them lower in cost. This can be attributed to clear advantages. Such devices work almost silently and without vibrations. Another important point- a vortex-type pump is not afraid of getting a certain amount of air along with the pumped water - for technological purposes, such equipment is even used for pumping liquid dispersed compositions saturated with gases.

In addition, the widespread use of pumps of this type is also limited by their not too “outstanding” durability - according to these indicators, they are significantly inferior to centrifugal ones.

The main parameters for choosing a submersible pump for a well

Before you go shopping for a pump for a well, the future owner should clearly understand a few important points:

• What are the main purposes of using the pump - will it be used only for gardening and household purposes, or will it become the main supplier of water for the entire house.
• Based on the first point - what quantitative water demand should be provided by the pump, and what should be the pressure created.
• It is important to have an accurate idea of ​​the depth of the well and the thickness of the water layer in it, not only static, but also dynamic, that is, with active water intake. Ideally, you need to know the debit of the well - that is, the amount of water entering it per unit of time. Be sure to take into account the remoteness of the well from the house or the proposed points of water intake.
• It is important to have information about the quality of the water in the well, the degree of its turbidity, the condition of the soil at the bottom. Perhaps, visual observations will not be enough for this, and more in-depth laboratory analysis will be required.

Don't forget about the water filtration and purification system!

The analysis carried out will help in drawing up a scheme for the necessary water treatment, in cases where the well becomes the main source of water for a permanently inhabited house. What are necessary in certain cases - read in a separate publication of our portal.

So, when choosing a submersible pump for a well, the following criteria are evaluated:

• Electrical parameters of the pump. Although these values, in terms of assessing the operational capabilities of the equipment, are rather indicative, their consideration is necessary to create an appropriate power line that will be able to withstand the load. It may be necessary to provide a dedicated machine for the pump. In addition, some pumping equipment (in particular, centrifugal type) is very demanding on voltage stability, so if there are problems in the power grid, you will also have to install a stabilizer.
• The most important value when choosing is the water pressure created by the pump, which is usually indicated in meters of water column. For reference, the value of 10 meters of a column is approximately equal to 1 technical atmosphere or 1 bar.

The pressure created by the pump must ensure both the rise of water from the depth and its delivery to the points of consumption, the most remote or maximum raised above ground level. In this case, horizontal pipe sections should also be taken into account - they also experience pressure losses due to hydraulic resistance. In addition, the diameter and even the material of the pipes are important - in metal, the resistance is always higher.

Naturally, at the end point of consumption, the pressure must be such that comfortable use of water is ensured, that is, at least 1.5 ÷ 2 atmospheres. Some appliances and devices may require and large values- all this is taken into account in the preliminary calculation of the required indicator. This is usually solved by installing a hydraulic accumulator.

• The next most important value is the performance of the device, that is, its ability to pump the required amount of water per unit time (liters per second, cubic meters per hour, etc.)

Here the calculation is based on the number of points of water consumption and their average consumption. Moreover, it is usually calculated so that the pump can cope even with short-term peak consumption, in that unlikely, but still possible situation, when all points are involved.

If the pump will be used only for watering the garden, then here the calculation is completely different - they proceed from the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe site, the required amount of water and the duration of irrigation.

Makita pump

Calculators for calculating the required performance are also given in the appendix to the article.

• An important selection parameter is the size of the pump. If for a well the diameter of the device does not play such an important role as for, then the height, on the contrary, becomes of paramount importance - everything here depends on the height of the water layer. The pump must be suspended so as to remain submerged in the water, but at the same time not be located closer to the bottom than the manufacturer recommends, so as not to cause the concept of turbidity.
• Be sure to take into account the permissible contamination of water with solid inclusions - usually this parameter is indicated in the technical documentation. For wells with a shallow depth and a silty bottom, it would be more appropriate to purchase a pump with an upper water intake. If the prior is demanding on the purity of the pumped water, then it is better to purchase a model equipped with an intake pair, which is always maintained at a certain depth using a float device. Typically, such nozzles are equipped with additional filtering devices.

• Of course, the operation of the pump will become much calmer if it is equipped with a float water level sensor - this prevents air from being sucked in in cases where, for some reason, the water flow exceeded the debit of the well.
• The pump housing must be made of high quality material that is not subject to corrosion and does not reduce the nutritional quality of water. Cast iron or stainless steel can be used in different pumps (which, of course, affects the cost of the product). Recently, more and more high-strength plastic has been used.
• The indicator of the mass of the device is important for organizing a reliable suspension of the pump in the water column. Many models are immediately equipped with cables or cords of the required level of tensile strength.

• You should estimate the length of the power cable - this will help you decide in advance where you will have to install the connection point.
• Pay attention to the additional options of the pump and its completeness. Here, important parameters can be considered the presence of degrees of protection against overheating, from idling. Many models are immediately equipped check valves, mechanical water purification filters. It is very successful if the device kit immediately includes the necessary fittings (fittings, couplings, etc.) for connecting the pump to the intake pipe.
• An important selection parameter is always the brand of the product and its cost. The pump is usually purchased with the expectation of long-term operation, so it is better to purchase high-quality equipment well-known manufacturers- Grundfos, DAB, Pedrollo, Wilo, Metabo, Marina-Speroni, QUATTRO ELEMENTI. Among domestic manufacturers, you can safely give preference to the "Dzhileks" equipment - the product range includes a special line of "Vodomet" specifically for wells. good reviews well pumps of the brand "Aquarius", "Elitech", "Caliber", "Belamos" and others deserve.

In any case, no matter which model is chosen, it is worth evaluating the manufacturer's warranty obligations and, preferably, the degree of development of the service network of this brand in your region.

Today find submersible pumping equipment for the system autonomous water supply in the country or in a country house is not difficult: such devices are offered on the modern market in a wide variety of types and models. Having decided to purchase a submersible pump for a well or a well, many of the future users are wondering: which type of this equipment will be able to fully meet the requirements for it, ensure efficient and uninterrupted operation of the water supply system, and not create special problems with maintenance and repair. In order to pick suitable model submersible pump for pumping water from a well, a number of factors should be taken into account, as well as an understanding of the design, principle of operation, advantages and disadvantages of various types of pumping equipment.

Reasons for popularity

For maintenance of wells located on the territory personal plot, both submersible and surface water pumps can be used. Which pump is better to choose and install for pumping water from an underground source should be decided in a particular case, but quite often experts recommend paying attention to submersible type devices.

The high popularity that distinguishes submersible pumps for a well is determined by a whole list of their advantages. So, in comparison with surface pumps, submersible pumps for wells have the following advantages.

1. Using a deep well pump, it is possible to pump water from even very deep underground sources and transport it through a pipeline system over a considerable distance. If surface water pumps are used, then only those wells whose depth does not exceed 8–9 meters can be serviced with their help. Naturally, the rather low pressure of the liquid medium, which is created by household surface-type pumps, does not allow them to transport water over long distances and along the horizontal section of the pipeline.
2. During operation, submersible well pumps create a minimum amount of noise, which cannot be said about surface-type devices.
3. Deep well pumps are more suitable for pumping contaminated water, which contains silt, fine sand and clay.
4. Since the cooling of submersible well pumps is provided by the liquid medium they pump, it is quite difficult to overheat such equipment if the well has a good flow rate.
5. A submersible well pump, installed directly in the thickness of the pumped liquid medium, can be equipped with float switches that allow you to control the water level in the well, and also provide automatic switching on and off of equipment in cases where this level reaches critical values.
6. During the installation and operation of well submersible pumps, the tightness of the intake pipe is not subject to such high requirements as in the case of using surface equipment.
7. A well submersible pump is much easier to dismantle and place in a special storage place, which is especially important in cases where a country house or cottage has to be left unattended for a long time.

When deciding which pump is best for a well, the disadvantages of submersible equipment should also be studied.

• To connect submersible pumps for a well to an electrical network, a high-quality and, accordingly, expensive double-insulated cable is required.
• When using submersible devices for servicing wells, it is somewhat more difficult than when using surface pumping stations to coordinate the functioning of the automation elements that control the operation of all components of the water supply system.

Design, principle of operation, advantages and disadvantages

According to the design and principle of operation, submersible pumps for wells and wells are divided into four types of devices:

• vibration pumps for wells and wells;
• screw hydraulic machines;
• centrifugal type devices;
• submersible pumping equipment of vortex type.

To decide on the choice of a submersible pump for a well (which one is better), you should deal with design features, principle of operation and scope of each type of such equipment.

Vibratory pumps

The vibration pump for the well is the most a budget option equipment autonomous system water supply. A distinctive feature of vibratory hydraulic machines is the simplicity of design, in which there are no rotating parts, which makes such equipment reliable and easy to operate, facilitates its maintenance and repair.

The element that drives the vibratory well water pump is not an electric motor, but an inductor. Its core, when passing an alternating electric current through the coils of wire and creating a magnetic field, attracts and repels the armature of the device with a certain frequency. The movement of the armature through the connecting rod is transmitted to the elastic membrane and the piston, which also begins to make reciprocating movements (vibrations), which ensures that the water pumped from the well is drawn into the working chamber of the equipment, as well as its subsequent expulsion into the pressure line.

The body of the vibration pump, always made of metal, consists of two parts, the junction of which is sealed with sealing elements.

Among the advantages of vibration pumps, in addition to the simplicity of design and sufficiently high reliability, one should highlight the low cost, as well as the ability to create a good pressure of the liquid medium in the pipeline system they serve.

Vibratory type submersible hydraulic machines have a number of disadvantages.

• These hydraulic machines do not have high performance.
• When operating in the thickness of the liquid medium pumped from the well, such devices create vibration waves in it, which makes the water in the lower part of the underground source cloudy if its walls are not protected by concrete rings. In addition, the vibrations of the liquid medium contribute to the destruction of the unprotected walls of the wells.
• Pumps of this type are not very suitable for dirty water, which contains inclusions of sand and small pebbles. The presence of contaminants in the composition of the pumped water prevents tight fitting of the equipment valves.
• If you decide to choose a vibration pump for the well, keep in mind that models of such equipment are not equipped with automation elements, so you will have to purchase them additionally or monitor the operation of the device yourself.
• The vibration type pump creates quite a lot of noise, although it is located in the water column.

The age of a vibration pump is often short, but the simplicity of its design allows you to carry out repairs yourself.

Vibration-type pumps, taking into account their technical characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, are installed in repaired and cleaned wells and are used in cases where high requirements are not placed on the performance of pumping equipment. There are many different models of pumping equipment on the modern market, so the question of which vibration pump is better is quite relevant. Meanwhile, it should be borne in mind that most models practically do not differ from each other in technical characteristics, so you need to focus on the rating of manufacturers of this equipment.

Screw pumps

To equip wells, screw-type submersible electric pumps are used very rarely, but given functionality and characteristics of such devices, they deserve consideration.

The main structural element of screw-type hydraulic machines is the auger, which is mounted on a shaft connected to the shaft of the drive motor. Rotating in the inner chamber of the pump, such an auger, with its protruding screw part, captures the water entering the working chamber through the inlet and moves it to the discharge pipe.

Consider the advantages that distinguish screw pumps for wells and wells.

• The use of screw pumps makes it possible to create a good flow head of the pumped liquid medium in the pipeline system, the value of which is always stable.
• The noise level generated during the operation of such a pump is minimal.
• Screw pumps are the best equipment for dirty water, which may contain even fairly large grains of sand. Remarkably, screw pumps were specially designed to work with viscous media and dirty water.

The reasons for the rather limited use of screw-type submersible hydraulic machines are that such devices are characterized by a number of significant disadvantages:

• low productivity;
• the lowest efficiency among submersible pumps, which is explained by the presence in the design of such devices of a large number of rubbing elements;
• intensive wear of parts due to the large number of friction units, which leads to frequent repairs.

Due to the above disadvantages, screw pumps have the lowest rating among household submersible pumping equipment.

Centrifugal pumps

The most popular type of pumping equipment used for autonomous water supply systems for private houses and cottages is a centrifugal pump for a well or well.
The main working element of such equipment is a wheel, on the outer surface of which curved blades are fixed. When the impeller rotates inside the working chamber, the blades capture the liquid located there and begin to move with it. Thus, the centrifugal force begins to act, which throws the liquid to the walls of the working chamber, where an excess pressure is created, which ensures the expulsion of the liquid medium into the pressure line. When these processes take place in the central part of the chamber, an air rarefaction is created, which ensures the suction of a new portion of the liquid medium through the inlet pipe.

Centrifugal devices are among the best submersible pumps for wells. This is related to the following.

1. Working according to the principle described above, centrifugal pumps are able to generate a liquid flow with a powerful pressure, which allows them to be used to pump water even from very deep underground sources and transport it through a pipeline system over long distances.
2. These pumps have impressive performance.
3. During operation, centrifugal hydraulic machines create a minimum amount of noise.
4. Big variety models of centrifugal pumping equipment offered on the modern market, allows you to select a pump of this type, which will optimally match the required parameters.

Among the disadvantages of centrifugal pumps, it should be noted:

• the complexity of the design and, accordingly, maintenance and repair;
• rather high cost;
• significant reduction in service life when used for pumping contaminated liquid media.

vortex pumps

Submersible vortex pumps operate on a principle similar to centrifugal devices, but differ from them in a simpler design. These devices also have Working wheel with blades of a special configuration, and special grooves are made on the inner walls of their working chamber. This design allows not only to act on the pumped liquid by centrifugal force, but also to impart turbulent acceleration to its flow. Thus, vortex-type pumping equipment creates a fluid flow with even more powerful pressure and pumps it with even greater productivity than centrifugal devices.

Other advantages of vortex type submersible pumps include:

• lower price than for centrifugal devices;
• enough simple design facilitating them Maintenance and repair;
• almost complete absence of noise and vibration during operation;
• the ability to effectively pump liquid media, which contain a certain amount of air or any other gas, which allows the use of such equipment not only for domestic, but also for technological purposes.

The disadvantages of vortex-type equipment, which do not allow us to call it the best pump for a well, include:

• inability to work with liquid media, which contain even a small amount of solid inclusions;
• not too long, when compared with centrifugal type devices, service life.

In order not to constantly encounter problems in the functioning of the autonomous water supply system that arose due to malfunctions in the operation of pumping equipment, you should know how to choose the right submersible pump for a well. The pump you have chosen will operate efficiently and will not require frequent maintenance and repairs if you answer the following questions before purchasing it.

• What tasks will the plumbing system have to solve, to equip which a pump is purchased in the well? Such tasks, in particular, can be the use of water for household needs and work household appliances watering the garden, washing the car, etc.
• To what depth will the pump go into the well to pump water? You should also take into account the thickness of the water layer in the well and its flow rate, so as not to constantly encounter the problem of incorrect operation of the pump, which has selected all the water from an underground source.
• What is the degree of contamination of the water in the source? Knowing this information will help determine exactly which submersible pump better fit for the well.

After the answers to all of the above questions have been received, we can say that the problem of a submersible pump for a well (which one to choose from a number of models) has been solved.

The choice of a pump for a well is carried out according to such parameters as:

1. the pressure of the liquid medium flow, which the pump is able to create in order to ensure its lifting from a certain depth of an underground source and transportation through the pipeline to all water intake points;
2. performance, indicating how much water per unit time the pump can supply to the plumbing system;
3. the degree of water pollution with which the selected device is able to work;
4. material for the manufacture of the pump housing and its internal elements (these characteristics affect the durability of the device, as well as the quality parameters of the water that it will supply to the pipeline system);
5. Availability additional options, elements of automation and protection;
6. drive motor power;
7. electrical parameters, dimensions and weight;
8. brand under which the pump is produced, as well as guarantees provided by the manufacturer.

Having decided which submersible pump suits you best in terms of basic parameters, choose a model with some margin in terms of pressure and performance. This is explained by the fact that any of the elements of the water supply system creates hydraulic resistance, which is quite difficult to take into account when performing preliminary calculations. That is why, by choosing a pump whose technical characteristics are somewhat higher than the calculated values ​​​​of the parameters of the plumbing system, you definitely will not encounter the problem of its inefficient operation.

Following the above recommendations, you can solve the question of how to choose a pump for a well yourself. However, when choosing a submersible pump, it is worth consulting with a specialist from the selling organization, from whom it is desirable to obtain information about which service centers in your region carry out maintenance and repair of the equipment you choose.

• When installing a well pump, consider max and min water level in the well(dynamic level), the total depth of the well, the debit (renewability) of the well.
• Don't chase high pump capacity. The high performance of the pumping unit must be commensurate with the flow rate of the well (the amount of moisture entering it per unit time), otherwise the powerful device will simply have nothing to pump.
• The average water flow through one faucet is 4 l/min. The required flow is calculated as the total water consumption of all plumbing fixtures in the system, as if they were working simultaneously - taps, washing and dishwashers, drain tank, etc., - multiplied by 1.75 (reserve). Pump performance must be equal to or greater than the value obtained.
• Water supply height, indicated in the product passport, is the maximum possible. It requires recalculation, taking into account the length of the water supply network, the number of pipeline bends and the number of storeys of the building.
• Almost all manufacturers recommend installation of pre-filters from hit in the pump of silt, sand.
• float switch, which is included in the design of the pump, will protect the device from running "dry" when the water level drops below the operating level.
• All pumps are recommended to be connected to the mains through a differentiated automatic RCD(residual shutdown device), which, in case of depressurization of the housing or electric cable, as well as in case of other malfunctions, will emergency disconnect the pump from the network.
• To automate the water supply of a summer house, a garden house, a country cottage, it is convenient to use pumping stations and equipped with a well pump, a pressure switch and a pumped storage tank.
• To drainage wells or tanks where suction of silt, sand from the bottom is possible, it is better to purchase drainage pump.

And further. If to summer cottage electricity is not supplied, it is worth considering purchasing a hand pump for a well or a motor pump. Happy shopping!

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