Stove for cooking charcoal for barbecue. Charcoal production: technology, equipment

Coal, which is mined in the mines, is also charcoal, the path of its formation is very long, it takes many millions of years until it becomes the coal we see it. Until the time when the industry began to extract coal, only charcoal was used everywhere. The first metallurgy worked on it, samovars were melted with it, and every real blacksmith knew how to make charcoal with his own hands. The technology is quite simple and interesting.

Where is charcoal used?
Today, charcoal is indispensable in some areas of production. It is used, for example, for the manufacture of: electrodes; glass and crystal products; some paints; gunpowder; a number of plastics; filters; for grinding parts; as insulating material… Pills activated carbon every adult and not only knows, fertilizer is made from it and used as an additive to livestock feed. And from the resins that stand out in parallel, they make rosin, acetic acid, turpentine, solvents and methyl alcohol.
Among the population, this type of fuel has become famous mainly in three areas: Blacksmiths highly value it (you can get steel best quality). Charcoal is an environmentally friendly way to heat a bathhouse, cottage, kindle a fireplace. On picnics, for grills, barbecues and fires. The taste of the food that you are going to cook on the fire completely depends on the quality of the coal used. Charcoal is ideal for campfire cooking.

Advantages
It has many advantages in high temperature, the heat of charcoal is even, there is no smoke and open flame, and it does not ignite itself. Charcoal does not emit carbon monoxide, which makes it possible to use it indoors.
If you take a portion of coal and firewood at the same time, then it will flare up faster than firewood and will burn longer. When burned, charcoal does not emit sulfur and phosphorus. After combustion, there is practically no ash, it takes up little space during storage, and the heat transfer from one kilogram is 31 thousand kJ. Coal can only be bought by paying a lot of money, and charcoal can be obtained from ordinary branch waste (twigs, roots, deadwood - that is, production waste).

Self-manufacturing
The market sells packages of charcoal, the price of them is not low. But you can make a lot of such fuel yourself, while the costs will be scanty. For cooking fuel, it is better to use hardwood (yes, I forgot coal is of grade A, B, C.) To obtain coal of grade A - birch - it gives fast heat transfer and intense heat.
Oak gives uniform heat and a long burning process, beech, elm, hornbeam, pine, fir, spruce - we get grade B. Soft wood (poplar, aspen, willow and linden .... will give grade B charcoal.

Consider two "artisanal" methods of production.
First method cooking at home charcoal is cooking in a barrel. The following requirements are imposed on it: the walls of the barrel itself must be thick enough, if you have a barrel in which petroleum products were stored, then it must be burned out, if due to pesticides, such a barrel cannot be used. To the barrel, you need to have a lid made of non-combustible materials and so that it tightly closes the container. Well, the size depends on the amount of raw materials available and on the availability of the barrel itself. What will it be.
Sequence of work:
In order for the gas to escape from the barrel, several holes must be made in the lid, but so that they can be closed. We lay a sheet of metal on it, make a mini oven of several bricks, then put a barrel on these bricks. We fill it to the top with waste from which we will make coal, close it with a lid. We make a fire under the barrel in a mini-stove, when our barrel is very hot, gas starts to come out of the waste wood, all this lasts from 2-3 hours. This time has passed, we put out the fire and close the holes in the lid. Then we leave the barrel alone for two days. This method of producing charcoal is convenient, cheap, and difficult to control. If this mining process is done for the first time without experience, it is possible to burn or not to burn coal.

Second extraction method charcoal in the pit. This mining method is more open, which means there should be fewer errors. We choose an open place, preferably closer to the forest, where there are many branches and twigs. The dimensions of the pit: it should be cylindrical in shape and have a diameter of about 80 cm, clay 50 cm. We dug a pit, now we ram the base (bottom) well. Such a hole will give about two bags of coal.
Sequence of work.
First, we procure raw materials, everything is cleaned of bark, and cut into logs, they should be no thicker than 7 cm and up to 30 cm long. We make a fire, a large fire, all over the bottom of the pit. Then we tightly throw the main raw material, but try to compact it so that it can still flare up. After two and a half, three hours, when the pit is full, we fall asleep on top of a layer of leaves, or green grass, and then a layer of earth. We strongly ram and leave for two days, during this period our fire, together with coal, will cool down. Remove the layer of earth, select the coal and sift.

Furnaces for the production of charcoal
The market offers special furnaces for the production of coal without oxygen. The burning process in such furnaces is carried out in several stages. First, the raw materials are tightly packed into retorts, then they are sent to the drying department, after which they are transferred to the pyrolysis compartment. The furnace is ignited, the temperature is brought to certain parameters, the pyrolysis process begins. After the end of the process, the retort is removed and cools down, and the other one is fed from the drying compartment to the pyrolysis compartment, and so on in a chain. Such a furnace does not stop, the process continues constantly as long as there is raw material and the need for further extraction of charcoal. The last, final stage is the packaging of coal. The furnace is not dependent on power supply, only the lighting of the room is needed.

In conclusion, I would like to note that as a business, charcoal mining is a troublesome and time-consuming business. For yourself, you can do it just as entertainment.

When the need for natural biofuel arises, people rush to the store to buy charcoal. But the price of this product is very high, it is one thing to buy a couple of packages for the barbecue, and another to provide such fuel for a fireplace in a city house.

Why in the city? Because in a rural house or in a cottage, fireplaces can be heated with wood, since they are equipped with chimneys and other necessary elements. And in a city apartment, you can only make an electric fireplace or charcoal, which does not need a chimney, but will perform more of a decorative function. However, if you know how is charcoal made, the financial burden can be greatly reduced.

Making this type of fuel with your own hands is not so difficult, in this article we will reveal how to make it at home.

Benefits of Charcoal

Charcoal is obtained by pyrolysis, which involves heating wood without access to oxygen. It is used in various fields of human activity and has a number of remarkable properties:

It is for these reasons that people are increasingly thinking about how to make handmade charcoal. And many achieve amazing results.

Old-fashioned way of production

This method is far from new. Our grandfathers also used it. There is nothing complicated in such production, and additional investments are not required. All you need is to prepare firewood and dig a cylindrical hole. The walls of the pit should be as steep as possible, its diameter should be about 80 cm, and the depth should be 50 cm.

The bottom of the pit is carefully tamped so that loose soil does not mix with ready-made charcoal. in the hole lay out a fire from dry branches and birch bark, without chemicals for ignition. When the whole bottom is covered with burning branches, the laying of prepared firewood, peeled from the bark, begins.

As it burns out, new portions of wood are reported into the pit, this is done until the pit is completely filled. As a rule, the process takes more than three hours. The filled pit is covered to the brim with leaves or green grass and covered with earth, which also needs to be tamped down. It takes at least two days to cool, then the finished material is sieved and packaged for storage. That's exactly what happens making charcoal at home.

From one bookmark in such a pit, you can get almost two bags of the finished product. Just in case, it should be noted that the quality of charcoal depends on the type of wood. Grade A wood biofuels are produced from hardwoods such as:

maple;
Birch;
oak and others.

Grade B charcoal is obtained from soft wood:

poplar;
aspen and others.

This is the easiest way to get charcoal, but others are also known.

The use of a metal barrel

There is another option, how to make charcoal at home. For it you need a barrel made of thick metal. It is very important to remember that the barrel must be clean, if chemicals were stored in it, then it is not suitable for our purposes. After storage of oil products, the barrel is usually burned out to clean it.

At the bottom of the barrel are placed refractory bricks, and between them a fire is made, which is maintained until the coals completely cover the height of the bricks. Now you need lay the grate and the wood on it in dense rows. Fill the container to the top, and wait for the appearance of flames. Now cover with a heavy sheet of iron on top, leaving a small gap.

If you want to speed up the process, then make a small hole at the bottom of the barrel in advance and blow a little air in there (with a vacuum cleaner). However, this is not too important. Your task monitor the color of the smoke. As soon as it becomes gray, the gap on top must be closed. After that, the closed barrel stands quietly until it cools completely.

Making a small amount of charcoal

If you don't need bags of charcoal, but you use it when transplanting flowers, for example, then you can do without tricky methods. Provided, of course, that you have a cottage or a house in the village with a wood-burning stove.

Arm yourself with oven (fireplace) tongs for coals and a metal container with a tight lid. Now pull burned-out but not broken coals out of the oven red and put them in a container. Close the lid tightly and do not touch until completely cool. That's all, you already have coal for drainage in flowerpots.

Areas of use of charcoal

Charcoal is used for filtration, in rare cases for our country - in metallurgy, for the production of activated carbon and smelting of crystalline silicon. In addition, it is used in agriculture and medicine. But for these purposes, charcoal is produced on an industrial scale.

For domestic use, it is applicable as a fuel for fireplaces and stoves, as it gives a uniform heat without flames. In this case, grade A hardwood charcoal is preferred. And, of course, barbecues and flowerpots, for which it is quite easy to make biofuel at home.

Kindle, best of all without the use of chemicals. This will get rid of bad smell in the process of combustion. Crumple up a sheet of paper and fold thin chips around the hut. As the structure heats up, add some firewood, and then lay out the charcoal in a slide. After it has flared up, spread it on the bottom of the brazier and wait until the flames disappear. At the same time, the coals will be covered with a gray coating. Everything, you can cook meat.

In this article, we told you how to make biofuel with your own hands. We hope this information will help you make them at home.

Spring is here, and with it, barbecue time. But what do you need to prepare a delicious meal on fresh air?! Of course products! But you can’t do without fuel for a fire, because the fragrant smell of smoke is 50% of success. You can take fruit firewood or any other firewood left over from last season. But it is best to use charcoal. He has a small consumption, and the heat is stable. Now a huge amount of such raw materials is being sold, but are we economical hosts?! Therefore, I decided to write about how to make charcoal with your own hands at home.

Charcoal was made by our ancestors. They came to this process purely intuitively. The bottom line is that the wood should burn out without the participation of oxygen. AT modern world this procedure is called pyrolysis, and it is used not only in the production of charcoal.

Making such fuel at home is quite simple. All you need is wood. In fact, any will do, but I do not recommend using resinous breeds. They will also make charcoal, but it will be necessary to take into account some nuances.
I advise you to use alder, poplar, acacia, oak, beech, hornbeam, maple, ash and even willow. If approached from a scientific point of view, then these tree species form charcoal of different grades, which differs in its characteristics. But you and I make fuel for ourselves, at home, so any wood will do. There are three ways to make DIY charcoal at home.

Charcoal in a hole

Most in a simple way to make wood pulp at home is to make it in a pit. To do this, you will need firewood, a sheet of metal a meter by a meter, or some other metal cover. And, of course, the hole itself. I recommend digging it up to a meter deep and 60-80 centimeters wide. From this volume, you will get almost two bags of charcoal.

The first step is to dig a hole, and tamp the bottom well.
Next, we begin to make a fire at the bottom of the pit. For this, any firewood and sticks are suitable.
It is worth filling the hole somewhere by a third. When the wood is almost burned out, put the rest of the firewood on top to the top. It will be very good if all the logs are the same size. They must be folded as carefully as possible (if possible). As I wrote earlier, in principle you can use any wood. But it is better to take a certain type of wood for one firebox.
When all the stacked firewood caught fire, and the fire appeared from above, you need to cover the fire with a lid or a sheet of iron. Next, sprinkle everything with earth to block the access of oxygen to the maximum. You can also throw raw grass on top. The most important thing is that the lid is flush with the ground, and does not rest against the firewood.
Next, we leave our pit alone for a couple of days, until the process is completed and the firewood itself cools down. After this time, we remove the lid and take out the charcoal made by ourselves.

in a barrel

A more optimal, in my opinion, way to make charcoal at home is to produce it in a metal barrel. It can be of any size. If you have a container from oil products or other materials, then I recommend that you burn it well before use. There are two ways to make charcoal in a barrel.

The first method resembles the process of making charcoal in a pit. The only exception will be the lack of need to dig a hole. I recommend putting two bricks on the bottom of the barrel, and building a fire between them. When the fire is strong enough, place a metal grate on top of the bricks. Then lay firewood on it. When the fire has consumed the entire top layer, close the barrel with a lid, leaving a small gap. After a while, white smoke should come out of it, this is a sign that the lid can be closed completely. Next, we wait until the barrel cools down, and we take out our fuel.
The second method involves making a fire under the barrel itself. Firewood is loaded into the container, the lid is closed, and a small hole is made from below for air to enter and gases to escape. The barrel needs to be placed on some kind of frame - it can be ordinary bricks. Next, make a fire and keep the fire going for 12 hours. This time may vary depending on the type of wood. After this period, you can open the barrel and get coal. This method is good because the finished coals are of the correct shape and do not crumble so much. Cons: The process takes a long time.

In the oven

You can cook charcoal in any oven. To do this, we kindle a fire, lay firewood, and wait until they flare up. It is necessary to wait until they turn completely red, after which they must be removed from the oven and transferred to a metal or ceramic container.
After that, you need to immediately close it with a lid, blocking the access of oxygen. When the container has cooled down, it can be taken out of the container.
To be honest, I have not tried this method, and it seems to me that the charcoal will not turn out to be of very good quality. But if you do not want to dig a hole or you do not have a barrel, then you can use it.

Outcome

I hope my article today was clear and useful to you. Now you know that you can not only buy charcoal, but also make it yourself. I am sure that you will succeed and enjoy delicious outdoor meals prepared with home-produced fuel.

If you are not yet familiar with my colleague’s article “Spring, it’s time for barbecue, or how to make a fire properly”, then you can read it on this one.

Write in the comments what do you use for a fire: firewood or charcoal?

Charcoal has a high carbon content and is therefore considered very effective view fuel. It is produced on the basis of wood pyrolysis technology, and is used both in everyday life and in industry. A special oven is used in the production. You can also place it in domestic conditions, for example, in a garage or in the courtyard of a private house. Therefore, many people consider charcoal as a way to make money.

Scope of use

Wood in the absence of oxygen heats up to extreme temperature regime. The result of pyrolysis is coal, which can be used in factories or sold in trading network. For domestic purposes, packaged coal is purchased. It will replace firewood when you need to kindle the stove or cook a dish on the grill.

The finished product can be seen in the photo of charcoal. Its advantages include:

minimum atmospheric pollution by combustion products;
absence of sulfur and phosphorus impurities;
slight ash formation after combustion;
high calorific value parameters;
renewable raw materials.

Charcoal, due to its advantages, can be used in various fields:

in the manufacture of filters;
in the technology of obtaining silicon of a crystalline type;
in the metallurgical industry and agriculture;
for production food coloring and activated carbon;
for the manufacture of paint, glass and plastics;
when kindling stoves and fireplaces.

Varieties of coal

On sale there are various classes of charcoal, as well as its types. He can be:

red, made through a soft charring process using softwood;
white - oak, beech and other hardwoods are used;
black - from raw materials of a soft type (aspen, linden, alder).

The most common option is black coal, but if you decide to manufacture it yourself and sell it to other buyers, then it is advisable to focus on the type of wood that is common in a particular area.

It is also important to take into account the requirements of GOST 7657-84. According to the norms, coal is divided into classes:

"A" - hardwoods are used.
"B" - a combined approach is used with a mixture of hard and soft type material.
"B" - coniferous, hard and soft raw materials are mixed.

With an increase in the grade and quality of fuel, its popularity will increase.

Production features

In industrial conditions, wood waste is used to make coal. Therefore, such installations are installed on the territory of woodworking factories. To organize the process, a special furnace is needed.

The best technologies for coal production are associated with solving the main problem - obtaining the purest possible carbon from raw materials. Therefore, it is important to remove all other organic or inorganic type components.

The pyrolysis reaction is applied, and the sequence of actions is as follows:

Drying wood. The temperature reaches 150ºС. Pyrolysis at high temperatures requires a low moisture content of the raw material.
Pyrolysis reaction with decomposition of substances under the influence of high temperatures in the range of 150-350ºС. Coal is formed with the simultaneous release of gases.
combustion stage. This requires more heating - up to 500-550ºС. Resins and residues of other components are removed from the formed coal.
Recovery stage requiring cooling.

How to make charcoal at home

Despite the apparent complexity of the production technology, there is nothing special about it. It is important to build a metal furnace or other device that replaces it. Experienced craftsmen offer the following methods of coal production:

charcoal in a metal barrel;
use for burning wood pits in the ground.

Using a barrel

With this technology, the same pyrolysis reaction is used, although the purity of the product will be somewhat lower compared to the fuel obtained in industrial conditions. It is necessary to prepare a metal barrel with thick walls. If oil products were previously in it, then they must be burned.

The volume of the container is determined by the required amount of processed raw materials. Usually take a barrel of 200 liters. It is important to remember that when using a chemical storage container, it must not be used.

This option more convenient and technological. If you want to know what is needed for the production of charcoal using this technology, then our instructions will help you:

Refractory bricks are laid at the bottom of the tank. They are placed on edge. Number of bricks 6 pcs. for a 200 l barrel.
A fire is lit between the bricks. To do this, use a variety of kindling material, such as wood chips or paper.
Wood is gradually added in small chocks. It is important that the formed coal fills the space between the blocks.
A metal grate is laid on the bricks.
On top of it, wood blanks are tightly laid to the very top. Their recommended size is 40-60 cm.
After the barrel is filled, you must wait for the flame to come to the surface.
The container is covered with a lid made of iron sheet. The air flow must be kept to a minimum. This leaves a very small gap at the edge.
When the firewood burns out, blue smoke appears.
Then the barrel is completely closed and given the opportunity to cool.
The product is being unloaded.

To speed up burning, you can adjust the air from below. To do this, a small hole is made in advance in the lower part of the barrel, and then a blower is used.

Burning in a hole

It's also not too difficult option wood product manufacturing. Instructions on how to make charcoal at home are as follows:

Note!

A hole is dug in the ground. It should be cylindrical in shape. Try to keep the walls vertical. If the pit is 50 cm long and 80 cm in diameter, then several bags of coal can be obtained as a result of burning.
The bottom is rammed. Remember, the soil must not get into the fuel.
A fire is made in a dug hole with the help of kindling material.
Wood is placed in a hole, adding it as it burns out.
A mass of leaves and grass is laid on top, and then sprinkled with soil. Everything should be tamped down.
You can take out the coal after 2 days. To do this, the fuel is removed and then carefully sieved.

Home-made fuel will differ in quality from factory-made fuel. However, you can quite save on your expenses, as well as earn some extra money on the sale.

It is important to choose the right raw material for charcoal burning. Freshly cut or excessively damp wood should not be used, and the bark should be removed from the logs. As a result, you will get fuel with a high level of calorific value for domestic use.

Photo of charcoal

Note!

Charcoal is a natural biofuel that can be used in a variety of industries. What are the benefits of charcoal?

does not contain phosphorus and sulfur;
does not have a negative impact on the atmosphere;
has a large ;
burns out completely;
is a renewable resource.

Those who have already faced the need to purchase charcoal know that this type of fuel is very expensive. Therefore, in order to minimize costs, you can make charcoal with your own hands. In the manufacture of charcoal, both hardwoods (beech, oak, birch, etc.) and softwoods (aspen, alder, poplar, etc.) can be used. The quality of the fuel also depends on the feedstock: I get grade A coal from hard grades, grade B coal from soft grades.

How to make charcoal in a pit

This method was used by our ancestors. So it will be easy to make coal yourself. First you need to dig a small hole. The pit is made in the form of a cylinder, following the verticality of the walls. With a diameter of 75-80 cm and a depth of 50 cm, approximately two bags of coal are obtained.

The bottom of the pit must be tamped (you can use your feet) so that the soil does not mix with the finished product. Then a fire is made in the pit (use small branches, dry birch bark, etc., but no “chemistry”). Gradually add dry thin branches or firewood to the fire, it is necessary that the entire bottom is covered with burning firewood. When the fire flares up well, we proceed directly to the burning of charcoal: we add prepared firewood.

Important! Firewood for charcoal must be without bark. It smokes a lot, and the coal from it is of poor quality. To make it more convenient to use fuel, you can cut the firewood into “portioned” pieces. Choose the sizes yourself, but it is undesirable to use more than 30 cm.

Gradually, as some firewood burns out, we lay fresh ones on top, periodically moving them with a long pole - the firewood should lie tightly. And so on until the hole is filled to the top. How long the burning lasts depends on the size of the firewood, and on their density (hardwood burns out longer, but coal is of better quality), and on the humidity of the air. It takes at least 3 hours to fill a hole of the specified size.

The filled pit should be covered with green grass or leaves, sprinkled with a layer of earth on top and tamped well. Under these conditions, the manufactured charcoal will cool for about two days, after which it must be sieved and packaged. After all these procedures, the coal is completely ready for use.

This video clearly demonstrates this technology, inherited from our ancestors, but big pieces are burned here. It takes more time. Firewood smokes strongly due to the fact that the bark is not cleaned. Try repeating the process, but without the bark, and compare.

How to make charcoal in a barrel

Another way self-manufacturing charcoal. You will need a thick-walled metal barrel. You choose the size depending on the amount of coal you want to make in one run (if the barrel is large, it will take a long time to fill it). Under no circumstances should containers from under chemistry be used, if petroleum products were stored in the container, it must be burned out and only clean ones should be used.

There are two ways to make charcoal in a barrel. In the first, a fire is made inside it and then the process itself is no different from getting coal in a pit. Only if you use a large container (100-200 liters) so that the firewood laid on top does not “crush” the fire, put six bricks (preferably refractory) standing on the bottom. Between them, make a fire, carefully load the firewood until the coals almost cover the bricks. Then put a grate on the bricks and lay the next batches of logs on it. This wood is laid in rows tightly. After filling the barrel to the top, wait until flames appear on the surface, then cover with a sheet of iron, leaving a small gap. To speed up the process, air can be supplied to the hole made in the lower part, for example, from a vacuum cleaner, but it is quite possible to do without it. Firewood is burning, and you watch the color of the smoke. As soon as it turns gray, the barrel must be closed tightly and left in this state until it cools completely. Then remove the lid and take out the finished coals.

In the second version, a barrel filled to the top with densely packed wood is covered with a non-combustible lid. Close almost tightly. The holes should be (for the release of gases), but small, since the temperature inside must be brought up to 350 ° C. We put the barrel on a platform isolated from the ground. In the simplest version, these are several bricks laid on a sheet of metal. Between these bricks we make a fire, on which we “warm” the barrel. After some time, the process of wood oxidation (combustion) begins and gas begins to come out. After the release of gases has stopped, leave the container on the fire for some more time (so that you can navigate, let's say that it may take 2-2.5 hours to burn a 20-liter container with firewood into coal). Then we remove the barrel from the fire and close up the holes in the lid. Leave until completely cool. Having opened the barrel, we have some charcoal that you made with your own hands. Nicely…

These techniques are not the only ways to make charcoal at home, but they are inexpensive. Their disadvantage is the difficulty of tracking the process: if in an open pit or barrel it is still possible to somehow navigate by the type of firewood, then such “means” of control are not available in a closed barrel. Relying on experience. After several self-made batches, you will learn how to burn coal with high quality, avoiding underburning or, conversely, burning out of raw materials (at first, almost everyone has it).

An easy way to make your own charcoal

If you have a wood-burning stove, you don’t need any special devices: firstly, you can choose burnt-out, but not collapsed red coals and lower them into a container with a well-fitting lid. It is desirable that it be a large ceramic tub, but you can also fit a bucket or a small barrel. Just remember that when using metal containers, you must not forget about fire safety, and you can get burned. The lid must be closed until the coal has cooled completely. After everything has cooled down, you already have coal.

In order to have more coal, after the laying of firewood flares up well, close the doors and blower, close the dampers, allow 15 minutes to burn out, and then scoop out the coals into an airtight container. The result is more significant, but the method is more risky.

Charcoal production as a business

If you consider the production of charcoal as a business, then you won’t be able to manage with a pit and a barrel: the volumes are not the same, it takes a lot of time. We will have to purchase equipment for the production of charcoal. You will need:

coal burning furnace;
scales, charcoal bags and filling equipment;
source or generator of electricity;
means for chopping firewood (chainsaws, devices for chopping firewood, etc.).

A lot of expenses, but you can save on premises: production is located in an open area. At the start, you can get by with one furnace, but to reach serious capacities, you need to consider a chain of furnaces, since the process is quite lengthy: first loading wood and drying it, then firing, cooling and unloading products. A more serious installation contains separate containers - retorts, into which raw materials are loaded. There can be several retorts: while wood is drying in one, coal is burned out in another, the third cools down, the next one is unloaded and loaded (). Such a chain provides round-the-clock operation.

Self-manufacturing of a coal burning furnace looks problematic: even the most simple designs far from elementary, you will have to work with thick-walled metal, welding must be of high quality. For example, here is a drawing of a charcoal stove called UVP-5B, developed by TsNIIME.

This development of TsNIIME looks simpler. Their portable charcoal kiln is laconic and has good performance, but it requires compliance with all proportions.

In general, as a business, the production of charcoal is not the easiest option, but quite promising and, if properly organized, profitable: demand is growing steadily, prices for good fuel are high. Moreover, even waste and non-standard products (crumb and fine coal) can be processed into fuel briquettes.

Findings. The simplest ways to make charcoal at home are publicly available: required by by and large dry firewood (even thin branches and deadwood will do), a small plot of land and / or a metal barrel with a lid. If we consider the production of charcoal as a business, then there will be considerable costs. But charcoal can be made from any type of wood, even from waste from the woodworking industry: scraps and substandard residues. You can even use sawdust, having previously formed pellets. Some of the products coming out of the kiln do not meet the standards, but screenings of charcoal can also be turned into good fuel using. In general, despite the difficulties, this is a fairly promising type of activity.

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