Gray hairs on the muzzle (how many of them there were), the hair seemed to be powdered with ashes, the eyes that once shone dimmed - Lord, when did she manage to grow old, our joy? After all, everything is good for her ... Is it really so much !? And now what?

Now all that's left is to wait and thank (too often too late) your dog for all he has given you. Only when you see the formidable signs of aging do you remember how little time you spent on it. There was never time. He sticks with a ball, with a stick - leave me alone, not up to you, we'll play tomorrow. I should have gone out of town with her, taken a walk in the wild, but there was no time; this week, closer to spring, summer ...

Honey, come here, here's your ball! She doesn't want to... Wow, she doesn't want to run anymore. It turns out that she has shortness of breath and her paws step like wooden ones. Well, you want something delicious, a piece of cake, do you want it? She ate ... And it seemed to feel better at heart - she is still interested in something.

The old animal causes so many sad thoughts, so you want to please your old friend with at least something. But unreasonable pity can hurt, so be careful, as attentive as you were not even to a tiny puppy. Old age is not only the extinction of physical strength, but also illness.

Very often, senile diseases are not evident. These young dogs get sick in a pronounced form: the temperature jumps, the coat grows dull - it is immediately clear that the animal has fallen ill. And in old age, most diseases are chronic. And the signs are weakly expressed, the disease itself stretches and stretches, undermining an already weakened body. Yes, and the signs of malaise are difficult to identify. Dull fur? But it also fades more and more over the years. Food whims? Mopes, an old woman, apparently, but the years are changing. Upset stomach? Well, age... And yet...

Watch your dog for a walk. The fact that she does not run is not a problem, there really is age. But if she moves with difficulty, carefully placing her paws or even squealing, if she stumbles, then she will have to consult a doctor. In his declining years, the dog begins to overcome the same diseases in essence as people. There is rheumatism, and salt deposits, and all kinds of chronic inflammation of the muscles and joints. Perhaps the doctor will recommend a course of treatment, or maybe there is no need for this, but it is still necessary to protect your dog. If in wet or cold weather the dog does not move well, complains of pain, freezes, do not walk with it for a long time - with such diseases you will not knock out a wedge with a wedge. Wear a collar or overalls, even if your dog is of a respectable size, as long as she is happy. When in sunny and warm weather she wants to lie on the grass, do not rush, let her rest. Finally, it is possible get up half an hour earlier to give the dog a leisurely walk, at your pleasure.

Many dogs begin to lose their hearts, and here, first of all, peace and your friendly attitude are important. No matter how you hurry, do not pull the dog on a leash. Shortness of breath, cold paws - these are frequent companions of heart failure. Sometimes it is better to let the dog rest where the attack has caught him - sitting or lying down, as he likes - than to drag him home, even in his arms: this can aggravate the seriousness of the situation. The main thing is not to be nervous yourself and not to frighten the dog. You still can’t get away from fate, and although the irreparable can happen to an old dog at any moment, your calmness will only give it strength, but nervousness ...

In old age, the metabolism becomes slower, vulnerable to the action of harmful factors. Some dogs are allergic to any food products. Dogs itch, hair falls out, scratches, weeping areas, sometimes even ulcers form on the skin. All this is not contagious, but it is extremely painful for the dog. The first thing to do is to exclude all sweets (if any) from the diet, limit to a minimum or also eliminate fats, chicken eggs. Never, no matter how much you want to pamper your dog, do not give him the leftovers from your table: human food must contain salt, spices, flavorings, and all this is harmful to your dog in old age. If you really feel sorry for your dog, give him a tiny cracker (rye or wheat, whichever he prefers), a few raisins or apple slices, other dried fruits. In old age, rare dogs retain a passion for fresh vegetables and fruits, but still offer them fresh ones.

Good means from food allergies are a solution of calcium chloride and suprastin, but medicines should be given only after consulting a doctor. Skin itching can be relieved with soda compresses. To do this, a teaspoon of soda is diluted in a glass of water (preferably boiled) and a gauze pad moistened in this solution is applied to the affected area. The procedure is repeated several times a day, seeing that the dog is again beginning to be bothered by her scratching. Never wash dogs with sore skin, even with the mildest shampoo. Any detergent degreases the skin and makes it even more defenseless against the attacks of pathogens, and then the inflammation spreads to healthy areas. Carefully disassemble and comb the hair, cut off the hair stuck together from the ichor, and wash off the purulent crusts with a weak solution of potassium permanganate. Use ointments only as directed by your doctor.

Do not take even the mildest eczema lightly (under this name, a whole group of heterogeneous skin diseases appears among non-specialists): small scratches in a few days can turn into serious lesions of the entire skin, and suppuration will become not only stubborn and intractable, but can lead to a general blood poisoning, and then the dog cannot be saved. As dogs age, their teeth often begin to deteriorate. They form a solid yellow-brown plaque - tartar. Where it comes into contact with the gums, the mucosa is inflamed and ulcerated. To avoid this, clean the tartar regularly. This is done as follows: with an aluminum teaspoon, a stone is hooked on the edge (next to the gum) and forcefully drawn along the surface of the tooth. The stone is chipped in pieces, and we must try to remove it as carefully as possible. Soft plaque is removed with a cotton swab moistened with soda solution. The slight bleeding that sometimes occurs when the stone is removed will soon stop on its own. If tartar builds up quickly, you should pay attention to the diet - you probably gave sweets to your pet; it is possible that his mineral metabolism is disturbed.

In very old dogs, the teeth are strongly erased, caries occurs (double in the tooth). It is better to remove carious teeth: their decay products poison the body, and besides, it is painful for the dog to eat. It is also advised to remove teeth when their roots are weakened, and the teeth themselves protrude from the gums and stagger. This phenomenon is necessarily accompanied by an inflammatory process. In short, bad teeth are bad for a dog's well-being, especially its digestion, so don't forget to keep an eye on them to see if everything is in order.

Digestion in old age deteriorates very often, chronic liver diseases are not uncommon. Watch for specific foods that cause vomiting, diarrhea, or constipation after feeding them, and avoid giving them to your dog. It may take you a long time to pick necessary diet, but when you find the right composition of the diet, do not deviate from it a single step. No matter how much your dog loves meat, fish or chicken bones, do not give them if digestion is disturbed by this. Even a small piece of fat, a crumb of meat can cause a severe exacerbation of liver or stomach disease. In diseases of the digestive system, the most reliable medicine is an individual diet. The stricter you are in this matter, the more years of life you will give to your friend. Let this realization give you strength.

On average, the energy requirement of an aging and old dog is 3.2 kcal / g feed, in protein - 22 g per 100 dry matter, fat - 8 and in carbohydrates - 40 g per 100 g of dry matter of feed. Food must be fresh.

Even with normal digestion and healthy skin, do not get carried away with voluminous carbohydrate foods - cereals, bread. They greatly stretch the stomach, and one sharp movement is enough for it to twist. It looks like this: the dog's belly begins to swell rapidly, becomes huge and hardens; the dog groans, thick white foam appears on the lips; sometimes she has an urge to vomit, not much vomiting, or rather a burp of foam!

Take your dog to the surgeon immediately. If for some reason this cannot be done immediately, do not let her lie down. Take your dog outside and walk with it on a leash at a slow pace. Gently, talk to her - she is now in excruciating pain. Raise her to her feet whenever she lies down and continue walking slowly until qualified help arrives. The sooner the dog gets on the operating table, the more chance to save her life.

To avoid stomach torsion, do not walk with the old dog earlier than 1-1.5 hours after eating, but rather feed it after the walk. Do not encourage your dog to jump over obstacles: he does not want this at all, he seeks to please you with his obedience. If the dog greedily pounces on food, it is advisable to switch to multiple feeding in small portions and stop fasting days.

Vitamins are extremely useful for a dog in old age, especially the multivitamin preparation "Undevit". You can get by with oil solutions of vitamins A and D. They are given about 2 times less than it should be for a puppy, and not too regularly (2-3 times a week). Vitamin A will help maintain vision weakening over the years, and vitamin D will normalize phosphorus-calcium metabolism, which is often disturbed in old dogs.

Excessive exhaustion, when the skin is literally pulled over the bones, can be a sign of illness, but not always. Dogs that have lived to such a ripe old age that they have already outlived their own children are precisely distinguished by such extreme thinness.

Over the years, sexual function fades, and males lose interest in the opposite sex earlier, although even here there are exceptions. In females, estrus persists until old age. Sometimes periods of hunting become very long; the female craves the company of males not for 3-4 days, as in her youth, but for a week or more. She is ready to mate tirelessly, but she should not be allowed to do this, although such matings are fruitless. Such abnormal sexual activity is closely related to diseases of the uterus, and if the doctor advises to remove the uterus and ovaries, agree. Smoldering inflammation in the uterus or a tumor growing there threatens the life of the dog. The removal of the uterus will not only save her from severe torment, but also prolong her days.

Urination disorders are extremely painful for both the dog and its owners. This may be due to various inflammatory processes in the kidneys, bladder, in the urethra. The dog cannot tolerate the urge to urinate and urinates frequently, even while sleeping. Such violations are difficult to cure to the end, but the advice of a doctor, of course, is necessary. Bladder stones lead to the exact opposite picture: the dog urinates rarely and with difficulty. Urine flows in a thin intermittent stream, drops, often with blood. Urination is extremely painful. And here qualified treatment is necessary, but the main thing is not to start the disease. Poisoning the body with decay products during urinary retention can lead to very sad consequences.

Do not bypass dogs and cancer. Some breeds are more predisposed to their development, others - weaker, but every year the dog lives, the risk of tumor formation increases. In this regard, make it a rule to carefully examine and carefully feel your pet at least once every 2 months, especially if it is long-haired. Thickening under the skin, like a bead or a pea, especially in the groin, armpits, enlarged lymph nodes in the submandibular region and behind the ears, tumors of the nipples, genitals in males and females - this is what should not be ignored. Such neoplasms are by no means always malignant, but this can only be judged after a special examination. It is quite possible that, having suddenly formed, the tumor will then, as it were, freeze and will not cause concern to the dog for years, but its rapid growth is also possible. If the doctor advises to do the operation, do not postpone it for later - then it will not happen! Operated dogs live and enjoy life for more than one year. But do not insist on an operation - the doctor is better off knowing whether surgery is needed, whether it is possible to do without medicines Or better yet, leave the dog alone. Just be sure to follow all the advice of a specialist. Do not look at the fact that a yard dog has been running around with a tumor of the mammary gland for many years without any treatment. Your pet has not gone through such a harsh school as this dog, and he has a lot of vitality

Well, if there are none anxiety symptoms your dog doesn't, that's fine, but still... take care of it. Do not overload it with walks, however, and do not let it get completely stale, fatten. The biggest threat to the life of a beloved dog is senile obesity. The dog spends little energy, moves reluctantly, and the owners keep feeding and feeding it. The thinner your dog is, the easier it will be. To thin dogs senile sores do not stick so much, they do not have problems with wool, as a rule, the heart does not hurt, and the intestines work better than overfed.

No matter how good your dog feels for its age, try to make fewer drastic changes in its life. Unaccustomed food, new places for walking, acquaintances - all this can give impetus to a rapid extinction. In their later years, most dogs become more jealous. Owner's interest in other animals strangers in the house - and the old man feels abandoned, lonely. In this situation, the most accurate dog, who from childhood regularly asked to go outside, can suddenly pour a puddle at home; the affectionate dog suddenly begins to bark hysterically and rush at the guests. Don't blame the dog. She feels bad, as she feels her strength go away, and she begins to be afraid of something. Caress her, let her be sure of the invariability of your love, do not get tired every day to show her how dear she is to you.

An old dog is chores, worries, work. She is sick, naughty, she smells bad. Either you can’t stir her up for the whole day, or you can’t calm her down in any way. Be patient. After all, all his life the dog did what you wanted, served you and was happy with that; Serve her now too. How the days go by, how little time is left to be together.

Sometimes life leaves the dog easily and quickly: she falls asleep. But it happens that her suffering lasts for long weeks and months, and every moment of existence is painful. Paralysis is possible, unbearable pain caused by a growing tumor, while the animal can remain fully conscious or, on the contrary, no longer perceive almost any signals from the outside world, plunging into its pain. The dog's torments torment its owners as well. Their desire to help is great, but salvation is impossible.

The only thing that can be done for a dog tormented by illness is to stop its suffering. Just don't say it's inhumane. Is it really more merciful to let your beloved dog rot alive, endure unbearable pain?! Understand, euthanasia (easy death) is a boon for an exhausted dog. It is difficult to decide on this, but in certain circumstances it is necessary. When you see that there is no other way out, be with your favorite until the very end. Do not leave her in the hands of strangers, no matter how quickly they promise you to end her torment and no matter how sensitive you are. It is your love, your affection, kind words that should be the last sensations of your departing friend. Do not leave him alone at this terrible moment, let your hand rest on his cleanup - this is your duty and the last gift.

You can't imagine what will happen when... Yes, it will be very difficult. The sound of claws will be imagined in a dream and will wake you up more than once, but when you call, you will remember that there is no one else to poke a cold nose into your hand. At the usual time, you will approach the door and, taking the leash in your hands, stand like that for a long time. You will say to yourself: "What a stupid sentimentality, because she lived a long time (but how her heart aches)." Every evil word, every insult accidentally inflicted on her will be remembered many times in the dead of night, when the house is so quiet. How to moderate this pain, how to drown out longing?

There is only one sure way - to get a puppy. Do not rush to swear to yourself: no, I will never have another dog! She must be! What can you do if the term of life is given to them and us so unequally. A new puppy will bring new troubles, puddles and torn slippers... He will grow, he will be more beautiful and smarter. Do not worry, he will not overshadow the image of that very first and best dog in the world. It's just that it will be completely different ... Yes, they can not be compared. But if you still want to avoid comparisons, choose a different breed, a different gender. Or maybe it’s better to take one of the descendants of your first pet: some of her features will suddenly peep through in a funny baby, and she will seem to return to your house.

Great happiness if the old animal retains goodwill and interest in other dogs, especially young ones. Then you have the opportunity to brighten up her loneliness by bringing a small puppy into the house. The benefits can be mutual: the baby will not be afraid to stay at home while the owners are at work, and the old man will be interested in messing with him, he will have an additional incentive to live. However, be extremely attentive to your pets - if the puppy begins to annoy the "pensioner", a conflict may arise, as a result of which the puppy will suffer physically, and the old man - mentally. So before you bring a puppy into the house, give the old dog the opportunity to chat with the baby of one of your friends. If your old man likes such communication, get a puppy without hesitation.

Many, having parted with the first dog, say to themselves: never again. The house of some of them remains empty. Are they not looking with hidden sadness after the lucky ones walking down the street with their four-legged friends? These people were afraid of a new separation and deprived themselves of many years of happy communication in the second, with the third dog. Now they regret it, but time is running out, the strength is not the same ...

Don't make the mistake of looking into this puppy's eyes. He is looking for his master, his friend. The breed of dogs should not part with the race of people!

When a person adopts a dog, he takes full responsibility for its future. It is not only about proper nutrition and regular walks, means help in the treatment and prevention of diseases. It should be noted that diseases of dogs, the symptoms of which are variable and numerous, in last years become common cause premature death of the dog. The problem of dog diseases lies in the fact that a pet, unlike a person, cannot tell the rest what hurts and where it hurts, so the owner is called with trembling and increased attention to the pet.

General information about dog diseases

The main groups of diseases:

• endocrine diseases;
• infectious diseases;
• diseases of the circulatory system;
• diseases of the mouth, ear, nose and throat;
• eye diseases;
• skin diseases;
• diseases of the digestive system;
• diseases of the musculoskeletal system.

Endocrine diseases occur with various disorders of the endocrine glands that do not have excretory ducts, releasing hormones directly into the blood. These glands include the thyroid, pineal, pituitary, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal, gonads, and secretory pancreas. Endocrine diseases in dogs can occur in two forms: with an increase in the amount of hormones released into the blood and with a decrease. Such diseases are difficult to diagnose, often diagnosing pets in the last stages, when there is very little chance of curing a dog.

Infectious diseases are associated with the direct entry of a pathogenic microbe into the body of a pet. Note that infection and the development of an infectious process is possible only with the susceptibility of the dog's body to the microbe. Otherwise, nothing will happen.

Therefore, dogs with a weakened immune system, puppies and old dogs get sick. Sometimes the infectious process is superimposed on another, which exacerbates the course of each disease. Diseases proceed in the vast majority of cases quickly, threatening the dog with death. Spread through the air or by direct contact. There are frequent cases of epidemics among dogs.

Diseases of the circulatory system are divided into diseases of the heart and diseases of the blood vessels. Typically seen in adult dogs.

Diseases of the ear, throat, nose and mouth are divided into traumatic, infectious and inflammatory diseases. Such diseases are more common in dogs than others, these organs are the first to come into direct contact with various agents. The complexity of such diseases lies in their secrecy: in the initial stages, it is problematic to identify the disease, the dog does not show signs of the disease.

Eye diseases are not uncommon among dogs, but are noted in adult pets. The main eye diseases include cataracts (clouding of the lens), iridocyclitis (inflammatory process in the iris and ciliary body), keratitis (inflammation of the cornea) and conjunctivitis (inflammation of the conjunctiva).

Skin diseases differ in the causes of occurrence and in the places of localization of the pathological focus (on the skin, in the hair, on the visible mucous membranes).

Diseases of the digestive system are the result of improper and irrational feeding of the dog, although sometimes the cause of such diseases is banal poisoning. bad water or food.

Diseases of the musculoskeletal system are considered especially dangerous after the age of 8 years and in puppyhood. With such diseases, the body suffers: dog bones, internal organs.

It should be noted that kidney diseases, in particular, urolithiasis, liver diseases, are considered to be common pathologies among dogs. It is important to know the symptoms of distemper, sometimes called canine distemper.

Dog diseases: distemper - symptoms

It is a viral disease, characterized by damage to the skin, digestive and respiratory organs, in rare cases, the development of meningitis and encephalitis is noted. The virus infects dogs of all ages, although dogs between one month and two years of age are predominantly affected. Even marine animals are susceptible to the disease. Terriers are considered relatively resistant to the plague of dogs, and a person does not get sick.

The clinical signs of distemper are varied:

There is an asymptomatic virus carrier or a fulminant, violent course. The duration of the disease can vary from a few days or weeks to several months. When the symptoms of respiratory organs damage prevail in the clinical picture of the disease, they speak of the pulmonary form of the disease, when the nervous system is extensively affected - the nervous form. Such a division is conditional, in the clinical picture, symptoms of damage to the digestive organs often prevail. Sometimes there is a combination of damage to the respiratory system and skin, the nervous system becomes the final stage in the development of the disease.

Distemper of dogs begins to manifest itself with the appearance of a pustular or macular rash on the inner surfaces of the thighs, with a runny nose, diarrhea, depression of consciousness, temporary refusal of food, redness of the conjunctiva. As a rule, there is an increase in body temperature, although, for example, in pygmy poodles or in some other breeds of dogs, distemper occurs against the background of normal temperature. At the same time, the animal hides in dark places and refuses to walk. The dog's skin becomes dry.

Perhaps the development of hyperkeratosis on the elbows and small-focal alopecia. There are discharges from the nose, which are transparent at the first stages of the development of the disease, and become mucopurulent over time. Sometimes there is clouding of the cornea, gluing or redness of the eyelids, shortness of breath appears, wheezing is heard. The intestinal form of the disease is characterized by the development of diarrhea, vomiting.

To the symptoms of injury nervous system include the appearance of tics that begin with the muscles of the head. At the first stages, they are not intense, later they spread to the limbs and become pronounced, as a result, the animals do not sleep at night, often whine. Gradually develop paralysis, paresis, hyperkinesis. At the last stage, meningoencephalitis develops, which is accompanied by severe intoxication and ends in death.

Treatment is prescribed only by a veterinarian.

Liver disease in dogs: symptoms

Liver disease in dogs can be acute or chronic. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of diagnosed liver diseases in dogs, which is directly related to the violation of the feeding regimen for pets, the widespread occurrence of autoimmune diseases. Sometimes the cause of liver disease in dogs is iatrogenic lesions (caused by a veterinarian).

Symptoms of liver disease in dogs are conditionally divided into a number of syndromes, among them it is customary to single out:

• cholestatic syndrome;
• cytolytic syndrome;
• mesenchymal inflammatory syndrome;
• hemorrhagic syndrome;
• dyspeptic syndrome;
• portal hypertension syndrome;
• hepatolienal syndrome;
• hepatodepressive syndrome;
• liver shunt syndrome.

Cholestatic syndrome implies a violation of secretion and excretion of bile, which is manifested by skin itching, jaundice, a tendency to eczematous skin lesions, discoloration of feces.

Cholestatic syndrome is a consequence of the destruction of liver cells and leads to fever (fever), an increase and tenderness of the liver, and an increase in liver enzymes in blood tests.

Mesenchymal-inflammatory syndrome is characterized by damage to the stroma and mesenchyme of the liver, which is manifested by an increase in the level of immunoglobulins.

Hemorrhagic syndrome is manifested by various bleeding and hemorrhages, anemia.

The syndrome of portal hypertension is manifested by an increase in the size of the abdomen, expansion of the veins on the skin of the abdomen.

Dyspeptic syndrome is manifested by lethargy, depression, vomiting, impaired defecation and weight loss.

Hepatolienal syndrome is manifested by an increase in the liver and spleen.

Hepatodepressive syndrome is manifested by a violation of the protein-synthesizing, antitoxic and excretory functions of the liver, the symptoms are very numerous.

Liver bypass syndrome leads to the entry into the general circulation of substances dangerous for the life of the dog, leading to damage to the central nervous system.

Symptoms of Kidney Disease in Dogs

In dogs, kidney diseases are recorded more often than in other animals, their frequency increases over the years. According to scientists, in dogs older than 8 years, in almost fifty percent of cases, pronounced symptoms of kidney damage are detected during studies. On histological examination, the number rises to eighty percent.

The main syndromes of kidney damage include:

• nephrotic syndrome;
• uremic syndrome;
• pain syndrome;
• osteorenal syndrome;
• renal eclampsia syndrome.

Pain syndrome is manifested by the desire of the dog to lie in a cold place, in frequent arching of the back, the need for frequent urination, pain during urination, soreness of the muscles of the back (it is possible to check with finger pressure), edema and transient paresis.

Nephrotic syndrome is manifested by edema, proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, oliguria and cylindruria, detected during laboratory tests.

Uremic syndrome is manifested by apathy, lack of appetite, vomiting, persistently recurrent diarrhea, urine odor from the mouth, anemia and anuria.

Osteorenal syndrome is characterized by deformity and osteoporosis of bones, hypocalcemia and osteodystrophy.

Renal eclampsia syndrome is manifested by tonic-clonic convulsions, nephrotic syndrome, and episcleral vascular injection (eye redness).

Urolithiasis in dogs: symptoms

Urolithiasis in dogs is a disease characterized by the formation of stones in the kidneys, bladder or their retention in the ureters or urethra.

A similar disease for dogs is considered a relatively rare disease, in contrast to cats, in which urolithiasis is often recorded. Dogs are prone to developing bladder stones.

Predisposing factors for the development of urolithiasis in dogs are:

• • age (usually found in dogs aged 2-8 years);
  • sex (occurs equally often in both sexes, urethral obstruction occurs more often in males);
  • breed ( large breeds less susceptible to disease than small ones);
  • diet (food rich in protein, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, provokes the development of the disease);
  • indoor maintenance and exercise (the list includes infrequent walks, a small amount of water in the bowl and low physical activity).
    

The main symptoms of urolithiasis in dogs include:

• vomiting and pain;
• frequent urination;
• tension when urinating;
• blood in the urine;
• weakness;
• depression;
• constant excretion of urine drops;
• loss of appetite.

The disease is registered at the moment when the stone begins to leave the place of formation and wedged in a narrow place urethra causing urinary retention. A similar situation in veterinary practice is considered urgent, requiring immediate and adequate therapy, otherwise there is even a risk of death of the dog.

In veterinary practice, a period of two days is taken for the maximum period of acute urinary retention, with an increase in the duration of urinary incontinence, the chance to save the dog is extremely small. In such a situation, the dog tries to urinate, but to no avail, urine is excreted in rare drops. The animal pushes, sits down. Gradually, signs of intoxication appear - convulsions, vomiting, lethargy and refusal to feed.

In rare cases, the disease is diagnosed during a timely and regular preventive examination of a pet, during which urine tests are taken, where appropriate changes are found (sand, crystals or cylinders).

A similar diagnostic situation urolithiasis in dogs is due to the fact that dog owners do not bring their pets to examinations on time.

Constant uncontrolled yapping can piss off even the most calm owners. It annoys not only the owners, but also neighbors, guests and passers-by.

It is not easy to wean a dog from barking for no apparent reason, especially an adult. It will take a lot of time, great patience and kilograms of goodies.

But with a systematic approach, after 1 - 2 months, even the most desperate empty talk will become a well-mannered sweetie.

The first thing that owners of “talkative” dogs should understand is that the animal never yelps in vain. First you need to find out why the pet is flooded, and then choose the correction method. The reason for uncontrolled barking can be:

Another reason why a pet barks at everything and everyone is poor socialization or its complete absence.

It is important to teach the dog to react normally to children, cats, other dogs, public transport, cyclists, strangers.

The critical period is from 4 to 8 months. The puppy is introduced to all possible situations, praised for his calm behavior. If for some reason he has not been socialized, you will have to instill skills in an adult dog - preferably with the help of a cynologist.

Educational methods of weaning from barking

To wean a dog from constantly barking on the street or at home, you have to dig deep. First, you need to be confident in your leadership. If the dog goes ahead on a walk, enters and exits the premises first, eats before the owner, ignores commands - she considers herself the leader. Until she learns the opposite, no method of correction will work.

There are several ways to train your dog to be quiet. They need to be used in combination - one method will not work. Systematicity is also necessary - if you give up slack once, previous efforts will go down the drain and you will have to start raising your pet again.

Ignore the yapping

Often the owners do not notice that they themselves provoke unnecessary behavior. While the dog is barking, the owners can give toys, food, tease, comfort or reprimand.

All this is considered a pet for signs of attention, for the sake of which he began to bark.

This behavior is fundamentally wrong. It is impossible to encourage a dog, to show interest while it barks. Let it pour. Sooner or later she will get tired and give up. A few repetitions and the dog will understand that attempts to attract attention are futile.

Then you need to calmly approach him, make it clear that he was heard (easy to stroke or praise, but not violently) and command “Place” or “Sit”.

Teaching teams

A dog cannot help but bark - this is its way of expression. But she needs to be taught to control her emotions.

Then they say “Be quiet” or “Quiet” and wait until he calms down. You can squeeze the mouth so that the pet understands what is required of him. Success is reinforced with goodies, for misses - they reprimand.

It is desirable to accustom to commands from puppyhood. adult dog much more difficult to train. When the pet unconditionally fulfills all the requirements, increase the time between rewards.

A clicker is also used - it is clicked upon successful completion in order to develop an additional positive connection between the sound and the reward.

We translate attention

Good way wean the dog from barking at home or on the street - switch it from a source of irritation to something else.
For this:

• massage the ears: first try the method on calm dog if he reacts positively, they are used when he yelps;
• easily click on the muzzle or slap on the rump;
• sharply pull the leash, as an option - weaken it, and then abruptly throw it at the pet so that it gets scared;
• give the commands “To me”, “Next”, “Sit”, “Lie down” - at the same time, the animal will not be able to follow the owner’s order and bark;
• splashing water in the face;
• give treats and toys.

Just switching attention is not enough. It is necessary to stop attempts at the first bark - when the dog is not very excited.

After, when she stops talking, give a treat and praise. So the pet will understand that he is being rewarded for his silence. Gradually increase the interval from the moment the dog stops barking until the reward.

This technique is used when the animal reacts violently to loud sounds - ringing, knocking, noise outside the door. He is specially provoked (they call or knock), and then they transfer attention and reward him for silence. Repeat until stupefied every day, until the pet is calm about any irritant.

Teaching loneliness

Often dogs begin to frantically flood in the absence of their owners. And they vote for more than one hour, until they are again in the company of people. At the same time, they can ruin things.

Often, those who like to “resent into the void” feel like they are in charge, too cowardly or not tired enough.

Solve the problem using several methods at once:

• walk the dog well so that he is tired;
• leave him toys;
• before leaving, they take the pet to its place, do not allow it to approach itself, do not contact the animal - it is forbidden to speak, “say goodbye”, regret, stroke;
• upon arrival home, they do not react to his joyful barking and jumping - you can only silently pick them up and hold them for a couple of minutes.

It is impossible to return when the dog barks. But you can stand at the door, wait until he is silent, go into the apartment and stay for a while. If the animal behaves calmly, they praise it and leave.

If the dog is kept in an aviary, then he will 100% vote for other people, cats, guests, "calling" with neighbors' pets.

There is no question of whether it is possible to wean a dog from barking - you will have to be content with a slight adjustment in behavior: walk well, pay attention, praise when it speaks on the case and scold when it barks just like that.

Additional Ways: When Parenting Doesn't Help

Correction of behavior by consistent education - best method stop the dog from barking. However, if there is not enough time or the pet has increased nervousness, they resort to special means.

Sedative drugs

Treats, tablets and drops on sedative herbs - valerian, mint, lemon balm - will help relieve excitability.

The drugs are given to the pet according to the instructions, without exceeding the dosage. Before use, especially if the animal has allergies, it is necessary to consult a veterinarian.

Collars "Antilai"

Equipped with microphones and sensors that react to sound and give an annoying signal. They are considered an inhumane way to wean a dog from barking.

The dog does not understand why it is necessary to stop barking, as the reasons are not explained to him - he will be afraid to give a voice even during danger and games. Also, the collar does not always work - the pet can tighten it or get scared and yelp even more.

There are several types of collars "Antilai":

• ultrasonic- make a sound that is not audible to humans, but unpleasant to the dog;
• electroshock- apply a slight discharge of current;
• mechanical- begin to vibrate when the vocal cords vibrate;
• spray- release a jet of water mixed with citronella or citrus fruit ether.

Clipping of the vocal cords

Most unwanted method. It is necessary to carry out an operation and cut the vocal cords. The dog literally becomes dumb.

Surgical intervention is usually resorted to when the neighbors, driven to white heat by constant barking, begin to complain en masse, and especially irritable ones - to sue.

Ligament surgery has many disadvantages:

• anesthesia is needed - it has a bad effect on the work of all organs, especially the heart;
• often there is swelling of the larynx and growth of scars - the dog will not be able to eat or breathe;
• difficult recovery period;
• the operation is complex, surgical errors are not uncommon;
• the animal may die.

The best way out is to teach the dog the correct behavior from puppyhood. Kids are easy to train, remember what they are praised or punished for.

It will not be possible to quickly re-educate an adult "waste-breath". This is a complex process. But with a systematic approach, any dog ​​will learn good manners and stop barking in vain.

complex sentence with various types connections

Specify the number of parts of a complex sentence:

1) I can’t judge how much he knew, but he constantly revealed his knowledge, because he wanted others to know too. (A.Ch.) ____________________

2) I sat and kept waiting to see if Zhenya would come out, listening, and it seemed to me that they were talking on the mezzanine. (A.Ch.) _____________________

3) The dog kept barking thickly and abruptly, and as soon as Oblomov moved or the horse thumped his hoof, galloping on the chain and continuous barking began. (I. G.) _____________________

Correct the error in the sentence scheme (the signs are not placed): Sagittarius got scared, took off their hats, but when the carriage started moving again, they blocked the road with the shafts of the reeds and grabbed the horses. (A.T.)

Surname, name ____________________ class _____ date __________

Put one missing comma and one colon in the sentences. Specify the number of parts of complex sentences:

1) Something happened that was not expected either in Moscow or in Preobrazhensky, Sophia was unable to gather archers, the alarm on the Spasskaya Tower did not sound, Moscow slept indifferently that night. (A.T.) ___________________

2) She remembered Stolz's predictions, he often told her that she had not yet begun to live and she was sometimes offended why he considered her to be a girl, when she was twenty years old. (I.G.) ___________________

3) It is known what kind of war is in the Russian land, raised for faith there is no power stronger than faith. (N.G.) ____________________

4) The area on which the execution was to be carried out was not difficult to find, the people poured there from all sides. (N.G) ____________________

Indicate the correct options for comma placement: When I remember (1) that this happened in my lifetime (2) and that now I have lived to see the short reign of Emperor Alexander (3), I cannot help but marvel at the rapid success of enlightenment (4) and the spread of the rules of philanthropy. (A.P.)

A - 1, 2, 3, 4

Surname, name ____________________ class _____ date __________

Highlight the parts of a complex sentence, sign the type of connection of the parts (SSP, SPP, BSP). Emphasize grammatical basics.

Streltsy regiments had long been settled in the settlements, the landlord militia returned to the estates, and the wounded, crippled and fugitives still wandered to Moscow along the Kursk and Ryazan roads. (A.T.)

Indicate the correct options for characterizing the sentence and punctuation marks:

When there were thunderstorms in May (1) and water (2) rolled noisily into the doorway past the blinded windows (2), threatening to flood the last shelter (3), the lovers melted the stove (4) and baked potatoes in it. (M.B.)

A - a complex sentence consisting of 2 parts

B - a complex sentence consisting of 3 parts

In - parts of the sentence are connected compositions. and subordinates. communication

G - the first part of a complex sentence is complicated by a separate circumstance, expressed by a participial turnover

D - the second part of the complex sentence is complicated by a separate circumstance, expressed by a participle turnover

E - the third part of a complex sentence is complicated by a separate definition, expressed by participial turnover

F - 1 - a comma between parts of a complex sentence

3 - 1 - no comma between homogeneous clauses

And - 2, 3, 4 - commas are placed everywhere

Surname, name ____________________ class _____ date __________

Make a sentence scheme (signs are not placed):

In the first days of his life as a miner, being present at such scenes, Vaska was completely stupefied with fright, feeling his chest grow cold and his hands become weak and wet. (A.K.)

Highlight the parts of a complex sentence, indicate the type of connection between them, underline the grammatical foundations:

The stars were already beginning to fade and the sky was turning gray when the carriage drove up to the porch of the house in Vasilyevsky. (I.T.)

Indicate the correct options for characterizing the sentence: I was seized by the quiet charm of this solemn, cold silence, and it seemed to me that I felt how time was slowly and silently passing me by. (A.K.)

A - a complex sentence consisting of 4 parts

B - a complex sentence consisting of 5 parts

B - parts 1 and 2 are connected by a coordinating link

G - 2, 3, and 4 parts are connected according to the type of heterogeneous subordination

D - 2, 3, and 4 parts are connected according to the type of sequential submission

Surname, name ____________________ class _____ date __________

Do a punctuation analysis of the sentence. Make a diagram:

Everything worked out: 1 and the chairman lost weight, 2 and the inspector of the medical board lost weight, 3 and some Semyon Ivanovich, 4 never called by his last name, 5 who wore a finger shadow on his index finger, which allowed the ladies to examine it, lost weight. (N.G.)

Explain punctuation:

Yuri did not see (1) how the gloomy brow of Anton Grigorievich gradually cleared up (2) and how the strict expression of his lips gradually softened (3) but (4) when he finished with general applause (5) and turned in that direction (6) then I no longer saw this attractive (7) and strange person. (A.K.)

Absence of a comma between homogeneous members – __________

Comma between homogeneous members – __________

The absence of a comma between homogeneous clauses - __________

A comma between parts of a complex sentence connected by a subordinating link - __________

Comma at the junction of unions - __________

The absence of a comma at the junction of unions - __________

Read Vampilov's comedy "The Elder Son"; prepare for independent work.

2) Parsing:

A) I had to endure a lot in many ways to yield a lot (not) to see ... meanwhile, as my pride diligently noticed the smallest o ... a little negligence.

B) I ... thought to myself that, together with all my comrades, I ended up in some (some) fabulous forest in which there is no ... anyone but us.

Complete tasks

The answers to tasks 1-24 are a word, a phrase, a number or a sequence of words, numbers. Write your answer to the right of the task number without spaces, commas or other additional characters.

Read the text and do tasks 1-3.

(1) In the 14th century, balls and dance masquerades became a popular form of entertainment for wealthy people. (2) The main focus of these events was the discussion of costumes and the display of jewelry. (3) _____ dances at the balls were slow, solemn and consisted of a varied movement of columns of dancers around the hall.

Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the MAIN information contained in the text?

1. In the 14th century, dancing at balls was very solemn, as the main attention was paid to the discussion of costumes and the display of jewelry.

2. Dancing at balls in the 14th century was very solemn and consisted mainly of a varied movement of columns of dancers around the hall.

3. Balls and dance masquerades became a popular form of entertainment for the rich in the 14th century, who discussed costumes and showed jewelry during leisurely dances.

4. The discussion of costumes and the demonstration of jewelry at balls in the XIV century was given the main attention, so the dances were slow and solemn.

5. The main focus of balls and dance masquerades in the 14th century was on the discussion of costumes and the display of jewelry.

Which of the following words (combinations of words) should be in place of the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).

1. Really

2. On the contrary,

3. Against all odds

4. Therefore

5. Hardly

Read the fragment of the dictionary entry, which gives the meaning of the word DEMONSTRATION. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the second (2) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

DEMONSTRATION, -i, f.

1. Demonstration, display. D. physical instruments at the lecture.

2. A mass procession to express socio-political sentiments. Festive d.d. protest. D. at the embassy building.

3. Manifestation, evidence of something. Bright house of patriotism.

4. A military maneuver in a secondary direction, diverting the attention of the enemy from the point where the main operation is planned.

5. An action emphatically expressing protest against something, disagreement with something, hostility. Arrange a demonstration for someone. Another house.

In one of the words below, a mistake was made in the formulation of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel is highlighted INCORRECTLY. Write out this word.

you drill

pamper

In one of the sentences below, the underlined word is WRONGLY used. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

1. The boxer must evade punches quickly and on time.

2. Today it is difficult to PROTECT a child from the influence of the street.

3. Music gave rise to an incomparable impression: already at the entrance, the power and volume of the sound made it goosebumps.

4. He walked, illuminating the road with a flashlight, mechanically CHOOSE the road.

5. The backpack became heavy, like a weight; the straps, crashing into the shoulders, caused UNBEARABLE pain.

In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

LIE on the floor

contrary to EXPECTATION

kilogram of CHERRY

THE KINDEST person

about one and a half hours

Establish a correspondence between the sentences and those allowed in them grammatical errors: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Write your answer in numbers without spaces or other characters.

Determine the word in which the unstressed alternating vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

ut...peak

reward...

Determine the row in which the same letter is missing in both words in the prefix. Write these words out with the missing letter.

n...eating, pr...parents

pr ... hail, pr ... be able

ra...ghosting, nor...fall

to...bite, o...row

ra ... be generous, and ... support

Write down the word in which the letter E is written in place of the gap.

toy...

pencil... to

step over...

color...

changeable ...

Write down the word in which the letter I is written in place of the gap.

grown up..

made..sh

pasted over..

delay..sh

sword .. sewing

Identify the sentence in which NOT with the word is spelled CONTINUOUSLY. Open the brackets and write out this word.

1. If there are no flowers in the middle of winter, it is (NOT) NECESSARY to be sad about them.

2. Prince Andrey was irritated by Speransky's cold (NOT) LETTING into the soul look.

3. (NOT) EVERYONE can accurately formulate his thought.

4. Ivan began to think about the fact that the surgical department has a very (NOT) BAD team.

5. Limes in the old garden (NOT) CUT DOWN, they managed to defend.

Determine the sentence in which both underlined words are spelled ONE. Open the brackets and write out these two words.

1. Firewood crackled in the fireplace (FOR) HOME, (C) BOKU peacefully ticked a tall clock-tower with a dark dial.

2. You look from one shore to the other, so everything (B) is seen there through the smoke: willows, meadows (CO) WITH OWN flowers and a forest.

3. Thunder struck FOR WHY (THAT) not in the tallest tree, our great pine, but next to it, in the tree catching up with it (FROM) LONG AGO.

4. (B) OTHER, (B) DUE TO lack of time, let's not deviate from the subject of the lecture.

5. The road went (TO) THE MOUNTAIN, and, having risen (TO) THE TOP, we saw the sea stretching at the foot of the mountain.

Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HN is written.

Then he tried to imagine in what name (1) about the bizarre form the anger of the hot-tempered procurator would pour out with this unheard (2) audacity of the arrest (3).

Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.

1. Bold and nimble swifts rushed over the water and chattered busily.

2. Incandescent beams fill a round flower bed with flowers, dark green lilac garden alleys.

3. Among the meadow grasses there are not only anise and chamomile, but also yarrow and St. John's wort and clover.

4. You can get a good upbringing not only in the family or at school, but also from yourself.

5. The sight of the awakened mighty river was, if not terrible, then a truly majestic sight.

The dew (1) that falls in the evening (2) is so abundant that it even shines at night (3) reflecting the light of the stars (4) and thereby predicting a hot day for tomorrow.

Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in the place of which commas should be in the sentences.

The water (1) seemed (2) to be a huge wavy mirror reflecting invisible light, and (3) maybe (4) it really was.

Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in the place of which commas should be in the sentence.

The captain immediately wrote down in the ship's log (1) what happened (2) but did not approach the island (3) because he saw many reefs (4) and sheer cliffs along the coast.

Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in the place of which commas should be in the sentence.

The dog kept barking thickly and abruptly (1) and (2) as soon as Oblomov moves (3) or the horse knocks with his hoof (4), galloping on the chain (5) and continuous barking begin.

Edit the sentence: correct lexical error replacing the misused word. Write down the chosen word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language.

To be literate and have a lot of jargon of words, you need to read a lot.

Question #1

1. box ... rice
2. hawk ... bean
3. zhivor...zhenie
4. rank ...
5.goal setting

Enter your answer:

Question #2

1.esc...lator
2.electronic ... level
3.c...forestiness
4.g...garland
5.color...editing

Enter your answer:

Question #3

Identify the word(s) in which the unstressed alternating root vowel(s) is missing. Write out the word(s) by inserting the missing letter.

1.color matching
2.esk ... drone
3.elevator...structure
4.contrasting...stealing
5.qualification...r

Enter your answer:

Question #4

Identify the word(s) in which the unstressed alternating root vowel(s) is missing. Write out the word(s) by inserting the missing letter.

1.sn ... blowing
2.ext...rier
3.er...trocytes
4.color...multi-skinned
5.characteristics

Enter your answer:

Question #5

1. x ... lostyatsky
2. epic... bold
3.hool...gun
4.x...lop
5.x...characteristics

Enter your answer:

Question #6

Determine the word(s) in which the unstressed unchecked vowel of the root is missing. Write out the word(s) by inserting the missing letter.

1.photographer ... porter
2.ep...center
3.lab...thorium
4.orientated
5.expressivity

Enter your answer:

Question #7

Identify the word(s) in which the unstressed alternating root vowel(s) is missing. Write out the word(s) by inserting the missing letter.

1.consp ... walkie-talkie
2.fizior... target
3.supernatural...mania
4.f...nomen
5.environmental...geic

Enter your answer:

Question #8

Determine the word(s) in which the unstressed checked vowel of the root is missing. Write out the word(s) by inserting the missing letter.

1.f...gourist
2.h...mouth
3.f...ljeger
4.ep...taffia
5. h ... shoba

Enter your answer:

Question #9

Identify the word(s) in which the unstressed alternating root vowel(s) is missing. Write out the word(s) by inserting the missing letter.

1. wide ... cheeky
2.exp...rtiza
3.h...twice
4.turf...matel
5. epic... wild

Enter your answer:

Question #10

Determine the word(s) in which the unstressed unchecked vowel of the root is missing. Write out the word(s) by inserting the missing letter.

1. sewing
2.forged
3.cheh...rda
4.eco...hygienic
5.porcelain

1. Indicate the feminine noun:

1) potatoes
2) tulle
3) vermicelli
4) feather grass

2. Specify the masculine noun:

1) artel
2) alkali
3) deposit
4) aerosol

3. Specify the feminine noun:

4. Indicate the feminine noun:

1) wormwood
2) shampoo
3) swan
4) hotel

5. Specify the masculine noun:

1) corn
2) hole
3) parcel
4) undergrowth

6. Specify the masculine noun:

1) seaweed
2) tunnel
3) bottle
4) vanilla

7. Specify the masculine noun:

1) retouch
2) veil
3) ammonia
4) square dance

8. Indicate the masculine noun (the soft sign is not written at the end):

1) bug...
2) vegetable...
3) gouache...
4) luxury...

9. Specify the masculine noun:

1) beans
2) diagonal
3) only
4) duel

10. Indicate the masculine noun:

1) jelly
2) carousel
3) lower leg
4) watercolor

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