Water-based paint: characteristics, composition, history. Application of water-based paint for walls and interiors Water-based paint for interiors composition description

Today, water-based paint for walls and ceilings is very popular for repair work. It has many advantages, is functional and at the same time is very affordable. If you decide to use this material, it will be very useful to learn about the features and technical characteristics of water-based paint.

Water based paint is the material for water based forming a film with an emulsion of polymer components - polyvinyl acetate, polyacrylate, styrene-butadiene, etc. It is distinguished by excellent performance properties, fire safety, and environmental friendliness.

When choosing a water-based composition, the following factors, characteristics and features should be considered:

• Paint components. The composition of the aqueous solution may include various fillers, thickeners, antiseptic substances. It is the composition of the paint that affects its purpose and scope - it can be rooms with high humidity, external or internal surfaces.
• Sphere of use. Various lineups may be used for coloring various types surfaces, such as wood or concrete, and can be universal. These characteristics of water-based paint are affected by the composition.
• Paint consumption. Calculate the amount of paint in milliliters, based on how much it will take to cover 1 sq. m in one layer. The average is 180 ml per square meter. It is important to take into account such factors as the condition of the surface and its appearance.
• Specific gravity. High-quality water-dispersion paint has a density that is approximately 1.5 kg per 1 liter of composition.
• Viscosity. This characteristic water-based composition indicates the degree of dilution with liquid. To work with a roller or brush, the viscosity should be 40–45 St. If the composition is applied by means of an airbrush, then no more than 25 Art.
• Humidity of the environment. It should be taken into account during the application and subsequent operation of the coating.
• Drying time water-based composition. It ranges from 2 hours to a day. The difference depends on indoor humidity and ventilation, which affect the evaporation of water. The recommended operating temperature is 20 degrees Celsius, and the air humidity is 70%.
• Storage conditions. Shelf life. Coating service life. The shelf life of water-based paints is limited to 24 months from the date of production. After the paint should be stored in a dark cool place and prevent it from freezing.

Good to know!

Water-based paint always has White color, and various shades are given to it by adding special pigments and dyes.

In this article: the history of water-based paint; composition of water-dispersed paint; production technology; types and characteristics of polymers used in the production of water-based paints; performance characteristics WD paints; how to choose water-dispersed paint; recommendations for use.

At all times, a person wants his house to look neat and attractive. For this, regular cosmetic and overhauls, during which a fresh coat of paint is necessarily applied to the ceiling and walls. And among all existing species paint and varnish materials for interior and exterior decoration of the house, water-based paint is the leader, which is easy to work with and which does not leave bad smell indoors, typical for work with other paints and varnishes.

Water-based paint - history

As is the case with a number of modern building materials, the appearance of water-dispersion paints was involuntarily promoted by two large-scale wars of the last century - the destroyed cities had to be restored, and the usual building materials were not enough, and they were expensive.

The history of water-based paints began with the discovery by the German chemist Fritz Klatte in 1912 of polyvinyl acetate, better known to us as PVA glue. PVA dispersion became the basic basis for the first water-dispersion paints that appeared in the 1920s.

At the end of the 30s of the last century, synthetic rubber or styrene-butadiene was created in Germany, which became the second type of dispersion for water-based paints.

The last of the existing dispersions - acrylic - and paints based on it were originally developed for artwork. The first acrylic water-based paints were created in 1946-1949 and launched in the early 50s under the Magna paint brand by American artists Sam Golden and Leonard Boku. True, the paints of this brand were intended only for artists, packaged in small tubes and dissolved not with water, but with turpentine or white spirit. Completely water-soluble acrylic paint Boku created and released in 1960.

Styrene-butadiene and acrylic water-based paints entered the construction markets of the post-Soviet states in the 90s from abroad - in the USSR only polyvinyl acetate-based paints were produced and only for industrial needs.

According to the main composition, it is formed tiny particles polymers suspended in an aqueous medium. In addition, water-dispersion paint, depending on the brand and manufacturer, may contain about 10-15 different additives, including: antifreeze antifreeze; defoamers that reduce foaming; antiseptics (biocides); corrosion inhibitors; thickeners; additives that increase structural viscosity; preservatives; dispersants; plasticizers, etc.

As a percentage by weight, the composition of water-based paint is as follows: 50% - film former dissolved in water (50-60% aqueous dispersion); 37% - fillers and pigments; 7% - plasticizer; 6% - other additives.

Let's take a closer look at the components. Depending on the purpose of the paint, the film former (copolymer) in its composition will be polyvinyl acetate, butadiene-styrene, styrene-acrylate, acrylate or versatate dispersions. The role of the white pigment is performed by titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, in the case of water-based paints of the lower price range - chalk. Filler - chalk, calcite, barite, talc, mica, most often several different minerals are used as a filler at the same time. The solvent in water-dispersed paints is demineralized (purified from mineral salts) water. I would like to note one of the components of such paints - a thickener, the role of which is most often played by carboxymethyl cellulose, which is also CMC glue.

The process of creating a water-dispersion paint consists of the following steps: combining and mixing an aqueous solution of a polymer dispersion with a filler and a pigment; dispersing the resulting pigment paste; introduction of a number of additives that bring the composition of the paint to the TU standard; filtration and packaging of the finished product.

Dispersion is a process in which liquids or solids are finely ground. The dispersion method produces suspensions, powders, aerosols and emulsions.

Mixing and dispersion of the components of water-based paints are carried out in bead and ball mills (dispersers). Grinding takes place in a horizontal or vertical working chamber of the mill, inside which there is a shaft with disks that accelerate metal beads (diameter - up to 4 mm) or balls (diameter from 30 mm) made of steel, aluminum and zirconium oxides. Dispersion is the more intense, the higher the hardness and specific gravity of the metal balls.

The pigment paste obtained as a result of dispersion is placed in a dissolver. In its container, having the shape of a torus, a frame mixer is installed, the rotation of which prevents thick and sticky components from settling on the walls and bottom of the dissolver, and the composition of the water-based paint is brought to standard characteristics.

The timing of mixing the components of a water-dispersed paint depends on the volume of the mixture, the initial characteristics of the components to be laid, the power of the dispersant and dissolver - as a rule, 20-30 minutes are enough for each of the operations.

At the final stage, the finished paint is passed through mesh filters and poured into containers. The entire cycle of paint production must take place at an air temperature of at least +5 °C.

The dependence of the characteristics of water-based paint on the binder polymer in their composition

Water-based paints produced today contain one of five types of binder, which give the water-based paint both positive qualities and disadvantages:

• polyvinyl acetate, paint marking "VD-VA". In terms of quality, paints with this polymeric binder are of the least quality - they turn yellow over time, a dense, opaque film forms on the surface, and the applied layer of paint is not waterproof. Weak characteristics do not justify the low price, such paints have only a narrow application;
• butadiene-styrene, paint marking "VD-KCh". Possessing good water resistance and low price, water-based paints on this binder, as well as on PVA, form an excessively dense surface film and are not resistant to sunbeams. Paint brand "VD-KCh" can only be used for internal works;
• styrene-acrylate, paint marking "VD-AK". According to the qualitative characteristics of the paint on this polymer, it is much better than those described above, they can be applied both to external and internal surfaces. The coating formed by them is porous and, accordingly, vapor-permeable, resistant to solar radiation and atmospheric phenomena. The small particle size of the polymer, not exceeding 0.15 microns, provides high-quality adhesion to almost any surface, penetration into porous surfaces, which increases their strength;
• acrylate, paint marking "VD-AK". This polymer is more expensive than styrene-acrylate, has higher quality characteristics in all respects - a more rigid coating gives high resistance to solar ultraviolet radiation. These paints are widely used in facade works and for applying to wooden surfaces;
• versatat, paint marking "VD-AK". The polymer versatat has been used in the composition of water-based paints not so long ago; in terms of the quality of the coating on this binder, they are not inferior to acrylic paints, while their price is lower and approximately corresponds to the cost of paints on a styrene-acrylate binder.

Depending on the type and amount of polymer binder, these paints have the following positive qualities:

• do not contain toxic components, practically odorless;
• easy to apply on the surface, diluted with water;
• able to bridge cracks up to 1 mm wide;
• not combustible;
• resistant to moisture (washout resistance);
• elastic and durable, no chalking;
• resistant to ultraviolet and atmospheric phenomena;
• resistant to wear;
• just tint in any color shade;
• accidental drops of paint can be easily removed with a damp cloth;
• vapor-permeable, which means that colonies of fungus and mold will not appear;
• resistant to alkalis;
• have high adhesion (tight fit) to the base;
• retain color, gloss and resistance to yellowing;
• dry quickly, usually in 40 minutes;
• a layer of water-based paint on the surfaces painted by them will last about 10-15 years.

Negative qualities of water-based paints, compared with alkyd and oil paints:

• storage and painting work can only be carried out at temperatures above +5 ° C. Painting at lower temperatures will lead to uneven distribution of the paint, it will dry for a long time. If, during storage, the paint has gone through a cycle of freezing and thawing, its qualitative characteristics will be completely lost;
• for painting exterior surfaces and surfaces of wet rooms, you can use only expensive water-dispersed paints, on an acrylate and verstat binder;
• high cost, exceeding the price of organically diluted coatings by 10-15% - manufacturers explain this by the complex composition of the paint. On the other hand, the room after painting VD AK is much easier to clean, because. no need to wipe stains with a rag with an unpleasantly smelling solvent;
• before painting wooden surfaces with water-based paints, their careful preparation is required - the application of the first layer, its complete drying, then careful grinding and a new layer of paint, re-grinding. The fact is that the surface tension of a layer of water-dispersed paint is much higher than that of other paintwork materials - wood pile will be raised.

Application area. Water-dispersed paints are specialized according to the requirements for painted surfaces - for interior and exterior work, for dry and wet rooms. Accordingly, interior paint on exterior surfaces or dry interior paint on damp surfaces can be applied, but it will peel off after a few months, because it contains a smaller amount of film former and protective additives.

Appearance. Water-based paints are produced, giving a matte, glossy and silky-matte finish. Paints that form a matte and silky-matt surface are great for ceilings and for painting wallpapers, but, unlike glossy surfaces, they are less resistant to abrasion - they cannot be washed frequently.

Colour. Water-dispersed paints, most often, have a white color - to obtain the desired colors they need to be tinted. Jars with colors and tables of color created by the color given color are present in every hardware store.

Quality indicators in appearance:

• chromaticity. Open a can of paint, visually assess the degree of its whiteness - if the manufacturer used high-quality and expensive titanium dioxide, then the color will be exceptionally white, without any shades;
• hiding power. It depends on the consumption of paint and the number of layers that must be applied to the surface to bring them into proper form. This indicator depends on the percentage and quality of the pigment, the density and density of the paint. There are two ways to reduce the cost of water-based paint production, popular among small manufacturers - 1) add water, lowering the density of the emulsion, 2) introduce more inexpensive filler, while increasing the density. You can estimate the hiding power without test painting if you weigh a 10-liter jar with water-dispersed paint - on average, its density should be 1.5 kg / l, i.e. high-quality paint in a 10-liter container will weigh about 15 kg (“+” or “-” 1 kg).

Marking on a can of paint. Water-based paint is marked with the letters "VD", which means "water-dispersed", then the letter designation of the polymer, for example, "KCh" or butadiene-styrene. Then the numbers follow - the first one means the area of ​​​​application of this paint, if it is “1”, then “for external work”, if “2”, then “for internal”. The numbers following the first indicate the catalog number - we do not need them. Make sure that there is an inscription on compliance with the conditions of GOST 28196-89, if TU is given instead - the quality of the paint may be low.

Manufacturer. On the local market, you will find a significant range of water-based paints from both domestic and foreign manufacturers. You can judge the quality of a particular brand by the reviews of your friends who have already used it in repairs and by the age of this manufacturing company - if it is younger than 3 years, it is better not to mess with its products. The fact is that the production of water-dispersed paints does not require any particularly large-scale production - according to by and large only a dispersant and a dissolver are required. Therefore, any more or less intelligent "small entrepreneur" can produce them, most often making paint "by eye" and having neither a laboratory nor a technologist in his staff. The larger the manufacturing company, the wider the range of its products, the better the product itself will be.

Price. It cannot be lower than one $ 1 (US) per liter - if you are offered paint at a lower price, then it Bad quality. The cost of water-based paint is determined not by the territorial location of manufacturing plants and not by labor costs, but by the current price of the components that are introduced into its composition. Almost all world manufacturers of high-quality pigments and polymers are located in Europe, so the cost of a good water-dispersed paint will be almost the same in Europe and in Russia - Russian manufacturers pay quite high customs duties for the import of raw materials for the production of water-based paint from abroad. And here real reasons low cost - cheap raw materials and violation of technology in production.

Before starting work on painting with water-based paint, the surfaces must be prepared: previously painted, cleaned of dirt and dust, successively washing it with water and washing powder and clean water; painted with chalk and lime to remove layers old paint; smooth out irregularities with a putty, after drying which sand and clean the surface from dust.

If painting work is carried out in the cold season, then the can of paint must be kept indoors for at least 24 hours, then opened, removed all visible inclusions and films, mixed thoroughly and added, when painting with a spray, 10% water. Paint consumption is indicated by the manufacturer on the container, on average it will be 150-250 g / m 2 with a two-layer application. Having calculated the approximate consumption, perform the tinting of the paint - it is necessary to tint a 10% larger volume than the one that you calculated by the average paint consumption. Reasons: the consumption will be higher in any case, and it will not be possible to “get into color” when trying to tint a new portion of paint - the color tone will be at least a little, but different.

To reduce the consumption of water-based paint, a preliminary application of a primer layer on the surface to be painted will help - it is much cheaper than paint.

Abdyuzhanov Rustam, rmnt.ru

Water-based paint is a finishing material that is made on the basis of water. The composition has become widespread among domestic buyers due to the relatively low cost and good performance. But before giving preference to this material, you need to learn about the main technical characteristics of water-based paint.

Each manufacturer manufactures these finishing materials using their own technologies, so the composition of water-based paints may vary slightly. The basis is water, in the medium of which there are the smallest polymer particles. The components are suspended in all layers of water. This mixture is the basis to which various components are added: antifreeze, antibacterial agent, dispersant, defoamer, density regulator, plasticizer and other ingredients that increase operational properties material.

To form a durable film after the paint has dried on the surface, its composition includes polyvinyl acetate, butadiene-styrene, various acrylates and versatate. Also, white in the form of titanium dioxide or zinc oxide is introduced into water-based compositions. These substances provide a snow-white color, which is then convenient to tint. Minerals can also be used as an additional component: chalk, slaked lime or cement. Due to this, materials are a little cheaper, sacrificing quality. Rarely enough, other types of mineral fillers are used: talc, calcite, mica, barite. Some manufacturers mix these ingredients in one product.

Another component of the material is a thickener. With the help of this substance, the density of the paint is regulated. For these purposes, CMC glue is usually used. The solvent in this case is purified water. As mentioned above, the exact composition of water-based paints depends on the production technology, but the general picture is approximately as follows:

• a mixture of water and polymers - 40–70% (at the same time, film formers in the dispersion contain about 40%);
• filler and dye - 30-40%;
• plasticizer - up to 10%;
• additional substances - up to 10%.

The general composition in all water-based paints is similar, but the quality is most affected by the types of additives

Types of water-based paint

There are 5 main types depending on the filler used in the production:

1. Acrylic. This version uses acrylic resins. The material can be used for finishing wooden, glass, concrete, brick, plastered, as well as metal surfaces that have been pre-treated with impregnation. Withstands up to 5 thousand washes.
2. Silicone. The most expensive and durable type. The composition contains silicone resins. They pass air well and retain their original appearance for a long time.
3. silicate. Consist of liquid glass and dyes. They serve up to 20 years, but are exposed to water.
4. Mineral. As part of this type of coatings there are stone fillers. They are inexpensive and well suited for processing "naked" concrete walls. The disadvantage is that they serve no more than 5 years.
5. Polyvinyl acetate. They dry quickly, do not emit harmful substances, are not affected by water, ultraviolet radiation and aggressive environments.

Advantages and disadvantages

If speak about positive aspects this finishing material, the following stand out:

• High setting speed. With good ventilation, it will take about two hours for the material to dry on the surface to be treated.
• Security. The material does not contain harmful volatile substances, so personal protective equipment is not required during work.
• No unpleasant odor. This feature increases the comfort of working with the material. In addition, you do not need to ventilate the room for a long time after painting.
• Wide range of colors. The modern market offers a huge number color solutions, it is possible to independently create the desired shade. To do this, you should purchase white paint and a color scheme of a certain color. If the master does not have experience in mixing compositions, then it is better to ask to mix the paint in the store, otherwise the result may be disappointing.
• Ease of application. This process does not require rich experience or a professional tool. The material is easily washed off, which also makes it easier to work with it.

The main disadvantage is the limited temperature range. At too low temperatures, the water in the composition freezes, which leads to damage to the paint. In addition, when using water-based paints, it is important to remember that they can lead to corrosion on untreated metal coatings. Also, do not paint them without pre-finishing hydrophilic materials such as gypsum or concrete.

Material Features

Before buying, you need to study some of the main indicators of this composition:

Specifications according to GOST

GOST 28196-89 regulates the indicators for the following 4 paints:

Paint VEAK 1180

This material is considered one of the most common for finishing work. His specifications the following:

1. The filler is acrylic resins.
2. White color.
3. Purpose - interior decoration.
4. Consumption at optimal conditions is 150 grams per square meter.
5. The solvent is purified water.
6. Drying time at a temperature of 20 degrees - 1 hour.

Polyvinyl acetate paint

Water-based paint of this type is used not only for interior, but also for exterior decoration. In addition, the material can be used for processing wooden surfaces, cardboard, plywood and so on. This material is fireproof, prolonged exposure to water can damage the coating. Drying time at optimum temperature and humidity is 2 hours. The hiding power of the material is high, but to cover spots and darker tones, you will have to apply 2-3 layers. Material consumption is 200 ml per 1 m2. Due to the relatively high consumption, this material is one of the most expensive in the water-based class.

When choosing a material, it is important to remember that all the above technical characteristics are inherent only in compositions that are made according to right technology. They have nothing to do with handicraft materials.

Water-based paint is a water-based film-forming material with an emulsion of polymer components - polyvinyl acetate, styrene-butadiene, polyacrylate and others. Differs in fine operational properties, environmental friendliness and fire safety.

Water-based (water-dispersion) film formers

An emulsion is a two-phase system of immiscible liquids, one of which is continuous, and the other forms a dispersed phase in the form of small inclusions. It is a type of dispersion.

Polymer dispersions are subdivided:

• primary or synthetic;
• secondary or artificial.

The former are obtained by polymerization of monomers directly in liquid. The second is by dispersing the finished polymer into the liquid phase. Depending on the state of aggregation of the finished polymer, synthetic dispersions are divided into:

• emulsions;
• suspensions.

Emulsions are formed when using the finished polymer in a liquid state or in the form of a film-forming solution in an organic solvent. Suspensions are formed when using solid oligomers, polymers or finished powder paints; are of limited use.

Emulsion polymerization is used in the chemical industry, including the production of emulsion polymers such as synthetic rubbers and polyvinyl chloride. It can be both aqueous and non-aqueous. In turn, monomers can be either "solid" (vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate) or "soft" (butyl acrylate), or gaseous (ethylene, vinylidene chloride). Conditionally "hard" and "soft" polymers are subdivided based on the mechanical characteristics of the resulting film. Emulsion polymerization is widely used in the paint and varnish industry.

How coatings are formed based on aqueous dispersions

A film from an aqueous emulsion is formed by its coagulation on the surface to be painted as a result of the removal of water from a rather thin layer of the emulsion. With an increase in the volume content of the dispersed phase in the process of the disappearance of water, a gel-like structure is formed, while the globules "fit" into the most compact structures. In the future, the globules approach each other with a corresponding deformation and an increase in interfacial boundaries. Under a microscope, the resulting structure resembles a honeycomb.

Film formation ends with the disappearance of physical boundaries between the parts of the polymer components due to diffusion through the interglobular space of macromolecular segments, which occurs only with segmental mobility of molecules. Typically, this mobility is provided at a temperature above the glass transition temperature of the polymer. If this condition is not met for standard conditions, the segmental mobility of polymer particles is increased with the help of various additives of solvents (coalescents), plasticizers and softeners.

The ability of aqueous emulsions to form a film is characterized by minimum temperature film formation (MFP), which for most water-dispersion materials is at least 5 °C.

Rheological properties

The viscosity of the dispersion medium is so low that the rheological properties of emulsion paints depend not so much on the type and properties of the polymer component, but on its concentration.

To a large extent, the rheological properties are affected by the particle size of the polymer component. The gel-like structure with small particles has low shear viscosity and high thixotropy, respectively, the paint is well applied, but the brush leaves marks due to poor flow. Emulsions with large particles form paints that are too liquid and prone to streaks.

In general, the viscosity of the paint depends on the aqueous medium and is easily controlled by water-soluble thickeners. The size and shape of pigments and fillers affect flow to a lesser extent.

Water-based paint: composition, types of copolymers

The main components of water-dispersion paints and varnishes:

• film formers;
• pigments;
• fillers;
• functional additives:
  • wetting agents (surfactants);
  • pigment stabilizers;
  • plasticizers and coalescing solvents;
  • acidity regulators, buffer additives;
  • defoamers;
  • defrosting/freezing stabilizers.

Surfactants provide:

• conditions for the polymerization of monomers;
• stabilization of the resulting polymer particles.

In emulsion polymerization, anionic and nonionic surfactants are commonly used. During the formation of the coating, the surfactant may prevent the coalescence of polymer particles.

Coalescent additives and plasticizers provide the mobility of molecules in the process of film formation. Unlike plasticizers, coalescing additives evaporate from the film during its formation and the initial period of operation, without affecting the physical and mechanical properties of the coating. In practice, plasticizers and coalescents are used together.

Despite the fact that dispersions can be obtained from almost any polymeric materials, the following are mainly used in the paint and varnish industry:

• polyvinyl acetate and its copolymers;
• styrene-butadiene copolymers;
• acrylic copolymers.

Polyvinyl acetate emulsions

The first began to be used in the paint and varnish industry. At room temperature, polyvinyl acetate is a fairly "hard" polymer. The necessary flexibility of the film is provided by plasticizing:

• external - solvent plasticizers.
• internal - copolymerization.

The use of solvent plasticizers is economically unprofitable, the resulting films are not stable enough, most of the solvents are lost during the operation of the film. Improving the performance properties of the resulting film through the use of complex mixtures of several plasticizers is inefficient.

To obtain copolymers, esters of acrylic, fumaric and maleic acids, as well as higher vinyl esters, are mainly used. Copolymerization increases the degree of dispersion of polymers, which reduces the water absorption of the film, the tendency to migration of organic pigments decreases, and the possibility of increasing the content of these pigments in the paint increases.

Styrene-butadiene copolymers

Gained fame during the Second World War as a synthetic rubber, have the elasticity and stickiness characteristic of elastomers. To increase the hardness and resistance of the film, the styrene content in the copolymer is increased to 50...60%.

Styrene-butadiene copolymers are less susceptible to emulsification, inferior in durability and weather resistance to polyvinyl acetate and polyacrylates, and are used exclusively indoors.

Acrylic water-based paint

The high price of acrylic monomers is due to significant production costs and limits the mass use of acrylic paints and varnishes. Acrylic copolymers where possible to obtain high quality coatings

outperform polyvinyl acetate and styrene-butadione. Films based on polyacrylates have high weather resistance, good water resistance, and are resistant to ultraviolet radiation. Ease of copolymerization of acrylic monomers with various types monomers and polymers provides ample opportunities to control the technological, operational and special properties of the resulting film. The most commonly used copolymerization with styrene.

A typical representative of high-quality acrylic water-based paint is VEAK 1180. Differs in high technological and operational properties. Can be used for both outdoor and indoor work. Easy to tint. Apply by brush, roller or spray gun.

Water-based paint: application, specifications

By area of ​​​​application are divided into:

1. Soils.
2. Front.
3. For interior work.
4. Special.

soils are used to strengthen the substrate, smooth out its defects and increase the adhesion of the painted surface. Protect coatings from attack by aggressive components of the cement substrate, especially recently made. They can be either pigmented or non-pigmented. Soils must have the following technical characteristics:

• good penetrating ability;
• formation of a film with acceptable strength properties;
• ability to provide excellent adhesion;
• resistance to hydrolysis and electrolytic processes;
• resistance to water.

Facade water-based paints and varnishes must be resistant to:

• temperature fluctuations;
• ultraviolet radiation;
• the influence of water and chemicals contained in the atmosphere;
• abrasion;
• exposure to microorganisms (molds, lichens and algae).

Facade coatings must have stability during operation, low water absorption with good vapor permeability. Facade paints use pigments and fillers resistant to solar radiation. In this case, the weather resistance of the coating may depend more on the quality of the pigment than on the type of dispersion.

More mild conditions operation of paints and varnishes for interior work allow the use of various types of copolymers as film formers, including styrene-acrylic, vinyl acetate, polyvinyl acetate and polyethylene high pressure. There are no serious requirements for water resistance to coatings. The use of paints with a low content of copolymers and a high content of fillers makes it possible to optimize the price-quality ratio.

Coatings for interior work are characterized by the following properties:

• good hiding power;
• ease of painting, no defects;
• use for both walls and ceilings;
• plasticity, resistance to cracking;
• good compatibility with tinting pastes;
• resistance to brushing and washing.

Special water-based paints and varnishes are used for fire-resistant coatings, for bathrooms or floors, for painting metal, wallpaper and other materials.

Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages of water-based paints and varnishes:

• high operational properties of the coating;
• good adhesion to the painted surface;
• economical consumption;
• Possibility of painting wet surfaces or high humidity air;
• saving on irretrievably lost organic solvents;
• harmlessness of use;
• fire safety;
• manufacturability of coating;
• short drying time;
• obtaining a different color with your own hands using color;
• ease of maintenance of the working tool.

Preparing for alterations in the apartment, we come to the problem of choosing paint, thanks to which our design ideas will come to life. It should fit in 3 parameters: safety, high quality, durability. All the parameters mentioned are suitable for polyvinyl acetate paints with a water-based component, or they can also be called PVA. The attractiveness of these paints is due to their balanced composition in terms of price, quality and a huge selection. To date, construction stores are ready to provide more than 30 colors with glossy and matte surfaces. The manufacturer focuses on GOST - 28196 89 among the presented paints, which have the best technical characteristics.

Polyvinylacetate compositions are an emulsion developed according to the "oil in water" pattern, where the main components are:

• Water based emulsion with polyvinyl acetate- the main component, it looks like thick viscous sour cream. Because the composition includes water, then it is worth remembering the freezing point at 0 ° C, there is also an unplasticized emulsion that can withstand 3-4 repetitions of complete freezing);
• Coloring pigments- give color to the glue;
• Stabilizers- a number of additives that improve technical characteristics;
• plasticizers- regulate physical and mechanical properties and are responsible for film formation.

The drying time of water-based paint is about 2-3 hours, keeping the temperature at 17-23 °C. After drying, a slightly porous semi-matte film layer is obtained on the surface.

The price of polyvinyl acetate paints is relatively low, since its composition is very simple, but you should know that they are afraid of moisture. Exceptionally in dry rooms, the composition reveals its potential by 100%.

Together with PVA paints, it is possible to use the color scheme of the desired color. This combination should be mixed according to the proportions in the instructions and the adhesive is ready for use.

Information: In fact, water-dispersion and water-based paint compositions are as close as possible to each other. After painting the surface with your own hands, the water included in the emulsion leaves, the plasticizers harden and become hydrophobic.

Operating procedure

As an instruction on how to work with polyvinyl acetate paints (PVA), we will provide a video in which craftsmen paint walls with similar paint:

Now a short squeeze for printout. First, we check and select the coloring composition for suitability for use in a given room or place. Secondly, we prepare the working area for painting: we remove dust and dirt, close up cracks and seams, wash the whitewashed surface, to save money, you can first apply a primer. Thirdly, we remove the dried lumps, stir the polyvinyl acetate paint, dilute the water-based composition with water according to the instructions, depending on the application method (brush, roller or). The final step is to apply several layers.

Advantages and disadvantages

The characteristics of PVA, depending on the added mass of the polymer substance, may vary, but as a rule, the following positive aspects connect them all:

• Easy to apply and dilute with water to the desired consistency;
• No toxins and bad smell;
• Fireproof;
• Resistant to a humid environment (not all because they are still water-based);
• Do not deteriorate under the sun, do not change color;
• High adhesion and good alkali resistance;
• Resistant to and fungus;
• Dry quickly.

The disadvantages of polyvinyl acetate paints are:

• Low temperatures (below +6 °C) have a detrimental effect on performance and the manufacturer does not recommend painting at such temperatures. In addition, at a temperature of 0 ° C and below, the paint may freeze at all;
• For interior decoration with a humid environment and outdoor work, it is necessary to select a suitable paint with a verstat or acrylate component;
• With the improvement of polyvinyl acetate, their cost rises due to more and more new additives;
• When applied to wooden surfaces, it is necessary to carefully prepare the rough layer. Such paints have a high surface tension, so wooden objects are first cleaned and polished several times.

Conclusion

The use of polyvinyl acetate paints for decoration makes it possible not to destroy the environmental component of the treated premises due to their water-based emulsion. After staining, you can immediately move in, there will be no sharp smell. The surface treated with paint "breathes". The painting process goes without problems.

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