Useful plants for the garden. Repellents Composition of mosquito repellent

Repellents are products that repel insects and mites. Repellents are used in cases where it is impossible for some reason to destroy insects, especially in open nature (forest, field, etc.). According to the mechanism of action, three groups of repellents are distinguished: 1) preventing the insect from choosing the object of attack, changing the natural smell of the skin; 2) preventing an insect from landing on the skin and piercing it (repelling effect), acting on the olfactory organs of insects) providing mechanical protection skin (Vaseline, etc.). Repellents belonging to the second group of compounds are widely used in practice. These include: benzimine (hexamide) - benzoylhexamethyleneimine (colorless or slightly yellowish liquid), dibutyl phthalate - dibutyl phthalic acid (transparent colorless oily liquid), dimethyl phthalate - dimethyl ester of phthalic acid (transparent colorless liquid), diethyltoluamide, a synonym for "DETA" (light -yellow oily liquid), carboxide-dihexamethylene-carbamide (in its pure form, a clear or slightly yellowish liquid), cuzol-acetyl 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (yellow syrupy liquid), repellin alfa - a mixture of repellents: 48% dimethyl phthalate , 50% benzylpiperidine and 2% ethyl cellulose (yellow oily syrupy liquid).

Repellents are used in pure form, in solutions, ointments, creams, lotions, pastes. For the preparation of solutions use alcohol, acetone, freon. In the manufacture of glycerin, vaseline, etc.

When using repellents, the consumption of a pure preparation is calculated on average at the rate of 40 ml per 1 m 2 of clothing or 32 mg per 100 g of fabric. Outerwear(shirts, trousers, sweaters, skirts) are treated by rubbing the drug with palms. 300-400 ml is applied to the men's suit; 50 ml is spent on processing the headgear. Clothing can also be treated by spraying (spraying) pure or diluted 2-4 times the drug. Some repellents dissolve (buttons, etc.).

Repellents are used both to protect an individual and groups (lumberjacks, construction workers, military units in camps, etc.) in places abounding with midges (mosquitoes, midges, horseflies and mosquitoes) or ticks. With collective protection, they process (bottom, entrance, etc.), vegetation (shrubs) around the camp. Cellulose acetate repellents are used to impregnate protective nets. They find application (from a fishing net) measuring 50 X 70 cm, with which they cover the head. In order to fix the repellent on the net, cellulose acetate gels are used.

To protect a person, special underwear can also be used, which mosquitoes and other insects cannot pierce. Clothes (nets worn under a shirt) have been developed from threads whose thickness is greater than the length of a mosquito's proboscis.

Repellents are applied to open parts of the body just before going to places abounding with midges and ticks. To lubricate the face, body, hands (up to the elbow), 1.5-2 g (15-20 drops) of the drug is required; it is taken in the palm of your hand, then smeared over the skin. When rubbing on the face, protect the eyes from getting the drug. Repellents sting on freshly shaved skin.

When irrigating the skin and clothing, use aerosol cans containing repellents. Repellents are not used against fleas, flies, bedbugs, ants and moths.

So that blood-sucking insects - midges, mosquitoes, and other representatives of midges do not overshadow your rest in the forest, in a pond or cottage, you need to stock up on reliable and safe repellents.

Classification

Depending on the form produced, there are several types of repellents.

Spray can. The convenient spraying method makes it a top seller.
Repellent cream is recommended to be applied to exposed skin.
The lotion is well absorbed without causing discomfort.
Gel. A small amount is required for application.
The pencil is convenient to carry in your bag or pocket.
Spiral. Since the impact on mosquitoes occurs with the help of smoke, it is used on the veranda, balcony.
Fumigators. These electrical devices are designed to expel midges from the home.
Napkins. They wipe the part of the body that needs protection.

Of the novelties, one can note the repellent bracelet, which can be worn directly on the leg or arm or lie next to it. Ingredients in the silicone bracelet essential oils do not irritate the skin.

Composition and rules of use

The detailed composition of any repellents is indicated on the packaging. Also, when buying, you should pay attention to the manufacturer's recommendations on age restrictions.

The following substances can be included in the composition of funds focused on repelling midges and mosquitoes.

Diethyl phthalate (DETA) is a toxic compound often found in the structural formula of adult repellents.
Alcohol is used as a base in some types of protective agents.
Essential oils can be different types.
Pyrethroids are synthetic insecticides.
Auxiliary components.

Proper use of various repellents avoids negative consequences. It is advisable to follow a few rules:

using a new tool, it is necessary to test it by applying it to a small area of \u200b\u200bthe skin;
the cream is distributed with light movements without rubbing;
eyes, nose, mouth, damaged areas on the skin are protected from getting any kind of repellents;
in young children, it is not necessary to process the hands that babies constantly pull into their mouths;
it is dangerous to apply a large amount or treat too often;
if the aerosol contains DETU, it must not be sprayed onto the skin;
coming from the street, it is necessary to wash off the repellent using soap.

Live healthy! How to choose a repellent

The best varieties for adults

Analyzing the range of repellents that can repel midges and mosquitoes, several of the most effective types can be distinguished.

Three more sprays can be noted - "Mosquitol Super", DETA Vokko", and "Medilis comfort" of long action.

Repellents for children

The most difficult thing is to choose an effective and safe repellent for babies under one year old. In this situation, you should opt for products under the Chicco brand, which include natural ingredients. A variety of essential oils are considered safe for babies, which are applied a few drops to the stroller during a walk. You can wear a special bracelet on the leg.

After a year, special children's protective equipment is selected:

Essential oils can effectively protect children from mosquitoes, as well as the use of milk under the brand name "Green Factor" or emulsions of the brand "Our Mom".

Essential oils for midges

Essential oils are used as a repellent against midges and mosquitoes, due to their safety and fairly high efficiency. Their range is quite extensive, but the following types of oils are most often used to combat blood-sucking flying insects:

clove;
thyme;
rosemary;
lavender.

Essential oils of eucalyptus, geranium, citronella, litsea, basil effectively act against midges and mosquitoes.

Going outside, you can apply a few drops of the selected oil (it is allowed to use a mixture of several varieties) on the skin. A napkin soaked with them is placed near the bed at night. A homemade bracelet will be convenient, in the role of which a strip of braid with drops of oil applied to it acts.

Plants with repellent properties

On the suburban area you can grow repellent plants whose scent repels midges. Near the veranda or under the windows of the house, lemongrass can create a protective barrier.

There are repellent plants that will not only get rid of bloodsuckers, but also decorate the landscape. These include castor beans.

It is advisable to plant repellent plants such as basil or mint in the garden. When dried, basil will serve as a spicy seasoning, and mint will add flavor to tea.

There are also repellant plants for the flower bed, such as lavender or rosemary.

Video: "NashPotrebNadzor" found the most effective way to fight mosquitoes

Repellents what is it

Hello! When I was just starting life on my own site, the problem of various annoying insects almost always took first place with me.

Especially suffered from nasty mosquitoes and small midges. There was not even an understanding of how best to resist them.

But over time, the situation improved for the better. Now I have a tool that solved this problem. Want to learn more about repellents - what they are and how they can help you in the fight against annoying insects? The article below has all the answers for you.

How can repellents help us?

Summer is coming soon, which means that all kinds of insects will begin to attack us. Some of them bite, which is very, very unpleasant. How can you protect yourself from these pests? Fortunately, today in any store you can find special means- repellents.

What are repellents? This is a common name for all means of protection against various insects: mosquitoes, ticks, bedbugs, midges, moths, and so on. Such funds are not used to exterminate pests, but only to scare them away, so that conservationists can be calm.

The means by which these drugs can be used can vary. For example, some act on the olfactory organs and repel them with an unacceptable smell for insects. Others affect the auditory organs and imitate various frightening sounds available only to insects. And still others act directly upon contact.

How to choose a repellent? When choosing, you should pay attention to several important points. Let's touch on each of them.

Who are they protecting from?

Means can protect against different types of insects. For example, some are terrible only for mosquitoes, others protect against ticks, some affect midges.

There are also combined repellents that provide protection against several types of insects at once.

You can also find almost universal means, they will scare away any "reptile" that dares to fly up to you and decides to bite.

We study the composition

If you decide to purchase a repellent, then by all means study its composition. It should be studied especially carefully if you want to treat a child with a means. Separately, it should be said that not all repellents are allowed for use in childhood.

You will find information about this on the packaging. Babies up to a year old cannot do almost anything, since you can find repellents that are allowed only from 1 year old.

Also on sale are funds that can be used from 3 years. Conventional adult repellents are most often suitable for children over 6 years old, but it is better to check this by reading the instructions for use.

So, what can be included in the composition of repellents?

Diethyl phthalate (abbreviated as DEET). This component is used most often. It's cheap and very effective. But there is one big pitfall. Such a substance is toxic and can be hazardous to health. For children, such funds are definitely not suitable, but adults should be more careful.

The opinions of doctors and scientists on this matter differ somewhat, but, for example, in the USA and European countries, such products have an indication that they can only be applied to clothing, and repellents of this group are contraindicated for children under 6 years of age.

For pregnant women, DEET is also dangerous, as it can cause miscarriage or fetal pathology. If you decide to purchase such a tool, then remember the rules for its use. Apply it in small amounts and only on clothes, not on the skin.

Alcohol. It is used as a basis (not always). In fact, such a component is not dangerous, but it can irritate overly sensitive skin.

pyrethroids. Such substances also effectively protect against insects. But they are dangerous only for insects, for humans they are harmless.

Essential oils. In general, natural ingredients are preferred as they are less harmful than synthetic or chemical ones. Other auxiliary components are also used.

Degree of protection

How well and for how long will the product protect? It depends on the concentration of the active substance. So, if it is 30-40%, then you can be calm for 5 hours after application.

At a concentration of about 25%, forget about insects for three hours. If the concentration is only 10%, then the product will protect only a couple of hours, no longer.

Release form

What are the repellents in the form of release? Let's list them.

Attention!

Creams and ointments. Such products are applied only to the skin. This is very convenient, since in hot weather many people wear revealing clothes, and the whole body is subject to bites. But there are also some disadvantages.

Firstly, many creams are greasy and can leave marks on clothing and cause discomfort after application. Secondly, some insects can even bite through clothing.

Lotion It is also applied to the skin and is absorbed faster and better than creams.

The pencils. This is not very convenient, since the product is applied for a long time.

Spray. It is also applied mainly to the skin; when applied to clothing, traces may remain.

Spray can. Such a tool is convenient to spray, it can be applied to clothes, hair, surrounding objects. It is very practical and convenient.

Spirals. This option is optimal for gatherings on the street in a large company. The spiral is set on fire and smolders, the resulting smell repels insects. But such repellents smoke and smell unpleasant.

Fumigators. A fumigator is a kind of heating device into which a plate with an active substance is inserted. When heated, the substance evaporates and spreads throughout the room. You can use such repellents only in houses and apartments.

Ultrasonic Repellent. Such a tool is safe for people, but perfectly repels mosquitoes. It makes sounds similar to the squeak of a male reporting danger. Only females bite, and they, hearing the alarm signal, will certainly retreat.

Napkins soaked in liquid. They can wipe the body.

Quality

To evaluate the quality, inspect the packaging. It should contain information about certification and compliance with quality standards.

If it is marked “Approved by the Ministry of Health”, then it is better to buy just such a repellent.

In addition, preference should be given to popular means that have an impeccable reputation and have proven themselves from the best side.

Where can I buy? What is the price?

It is best to buy repellents in pharmacies or in large stores. In stalls and basement pavilions, as well as in the markets, fakes or low-quality goods with an expired shelf life can be sold.

The price of such funds can vary from 50-70 rubles to 300-500 or more. It all depends on the composition, the manufacturer and the type of repellent.

How to use?

A few basic rules:

To avoid an unwanted reaction, test the product on a small area of \u200b\u200bthe skin (or for a short time in the case of fumigators).
Do not rub creams into the skin, apply them to the surface.
Avoid the eye, mouth and nose area.
Do not apply to damaged areas of the skin.
It is better not to process the child's hands, because he can pull them into his mouth.
Do not apply excessive amounts and do not repeat treatments too often, as you can get poisoning.
Use repellents only when there is a real threat, that is, with direct contact with insects, and not "just in case."
On clothes, the repellent continues to be active for up to one to two weeks (when wet, activity decreases, when washed, it ends).
After coming home, be sure to wash off the product with soap and water; it should not remain on the skin for a long time.

source: https://brjunetka.ru/kak-nam-mogut-pomoch-repellentyi/

Repellents

Repellents are products that repel insects and mites. Repellents are used in cases where it is impossible for some reason to destroy insects, especially in open nature (forest, field, etc.).

According to the mechanism of action, three groups of repellents are distinguished: 1) preventing the insect from choosing the object of attack, changing the natural smell of the skin; 2) preventing the landing of an insect on the skin and puncturing it (repelling effect), acting on the olfactory organs of insects) providing mechanical protection of the skin (vaseline, etc.).

Repellents belonging to the second group of compounds are widely used in practice.

These include:

benzimine (hexamide) - benzoylhexamethyleneimine (colorless or slightly yellowish liquid),
dibutyl phthalate - dibutyl ester of phthalic acid (transparent colorless oily liquid),
dimethyl phthalate - dimethyl ester of phthalic acid (clear colorless liquid),
diethyltoluamide, synonymous with "DEET" (light yellow oily liquid),
carboxy-dihexamethylene-urea (in its pure form, a transparent or slightly yellowish liquid),
kyuzol-acetyl 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (yellow syrupy liquid),
repellin alfa - a mixture of repellents: 48% dimethyl phthalate, 50% benzylpiperidine and 2% ethylcellulose (yellow oily syrupy liquid).

Repellents are used in pure form, in solutions, ointments, creams, lotions, pastes. For the preparation of solutions use alcohol, acetone, freon. In the manufacture of the emulsion, glycerin, petroleum jelly, etc. are used.

300-400 ml is applied to the men's suit; 50 ml is spent on processing the headgear. Clothing can also be treated by spraying (spraying) pure or diluted 2-4 times the drug. Some repellents dissolve plastics (buttons, etc.).

With collective protection, they process tents (bottom, entrance, etc.), vegetation (bushes) around the camp.

Cellulose acetate repellents are used to impregnate protective nets. Find the use of Pavlovsky's net (from a fishing net) measuring 50 X 70 cm, which cover the head. In order to fix the repellent on the net, cellulose acetate gels are used.

When irrigating the skin and clothing, use aerosol cans containing repellents. Repellents are not used against fleas, cockroaches, flies, bedbugs, ants and moths.

source: http://www.medical-enc.ru/16/repellents.shtml

How to choose tick and mosquito repellent

Repellents are chemicals that repel insects. They act differently. Some repel ticks, others repel mosquitoes, and others repel both at the same time. It is better to buy combined drugs.

Attention!

They come in the form of aerosols, emulsions, lotions, creams, gels and wipes impregnated with a special substance.

But the effectiveness practically does not depend on the form of release. The easiest way to find aerosols, creams and gels on sale.

What are they made of

The composition of repellents can include various substances of both chemical and natural origin: essential oils, alcohols, pyrethroids, diethyl phthalate (DETA) and others. The safest and most effective repellents made on the basis of pyrethroids.

They have a toxic effect on insects, but are completely harmless to humans. However, most repellents are made on the basis of DEET - they occupy 60% of the world market for repellents from blood-sucking insects.

Despite the fact that diethyl phthalate is a highly dangerous toxic substance, it is most often used in repellents - it is effective and relatively cheap.

Many manufacturers replace the well-known abbreviation DEET with the less well-known full name "diethyltoluamide". Safer, but no less effective means are much more expensive, and there are few of them on the Russian market.

Why is DEET dangerous?

Among Russian doctors, there is no unequivocal opinion about the dangers of DEET - some assure that the concentration of DEET in repellents is harmless, others advise using the funds carefully.

In some countries, such as the United States, England and Australia, DEET products are sold with instructions that they are toxic and should only be applied to clothing. And children under six years of age are not allowed to use them at all. That is, in fact, repellents are conditionally safe only when used correctly.

However, in Russia there are no such instructions. Limitations of use - only for pregnant women (DEET can cause severe developmental disorders in the fetus and even provoke a miscarriage) and for children under three years of age. All the rest apply the drug not only on clothes, but also on the skin.

And through it, a harmful substance, once in the body, can cause poisoning or allergies. Moreover, DEET can damage nerve tissue.

The most dangerous place for applying products with DEET is the face: dripping with sweat, the products can get on the mucous membranes of the mouth and nose, and into the eyes. From there - into the blood, which can cause severe poisoning. Lubrication of the hands is also not harmless: the drug can enter the body with food.

Signs of DEET poisoning

If headaches, drowsiness, irritability, coughing, skin irritation appear after using repellents, it is likely that this is DEET poisoning. For many, it proceeds easily and the symptoms are blurred. Therefore, most do not even realize that repellents are to blame for feeling unwell.

In severe poisoning, breathing may be disturbed, gait may change, disorientation, toxic encephalopathy, and even paralysis of the motor muscles, respiratory paralysis and coma may appear.

Do not be alarmed, it is difficult to get such severe DEET poisoning from repellents. But given that 17% of diethyltoluamide is absorbed from the surface of the skin and enters the bloodstream, these drugs should not be abused.

Allergy to mosquito protection

Allergies to repellents are rare. With it, irritation appears on the skin, a dry cough may begin or nasal congestion may occur.

However, allergic reactions to repellents are more likely in people who already suffer from some type of allergy. In this case, you should choose repellents marked "hypoallergenic", but they do not guarantee complete safety.

In hot weather, it is better not to use repellents at all - at temperatures above 25 degrees, they can behave unpredictably and provoke allergies or poisoning. By the way, at a temperature of plus 28 degrees, mosquitoes are generally harmless, they hardly survive, they are not up to bloodletting.

Modern repellents should not give an allergic reaction even with prolonged contact with the skin. But if protection against insects is no longer required, the product should be washed off the skin as soon as possible.

How to use

If it is possible not to use repellents, it is better not to do so. But if contact with insects cannot be avoided, repellents should be used when there is a risk of being bitten.

It is best to apply the product on clothes - it retains its properties much longer than on the skin: up to two weeks with daily wear. If the clothes get wet, then the effect of the drug is reduced, and after washing it completely disappears.

If the product is nevertheless applied to open areas of the skin, do not forget that pustular rashes, irritations, dermatitis, minor skin injuries (abrasions, scratches) can lead to an unpredictable reaction. Therefore, repellents should be applied to intact skin areas.

Do not use repellents constantly for a long time and use them more often than indicated in the instructions.

For children, it is better to use herbal products: either special children's repellents made from natural ingredients, or home-made products. For example, you can use clove oil or vanilla.

It is believed that aerosols are best applied to hair and clothing, while creams, gels, lotions and wipes are best used for exposed skin. To minimize the likelihood of an allergic reaction to repellents, they do not need to be rubbed into the skin when applied - just lubricate it.

Attention!

For a single treatment of exposed skin areas: neck, arms, face, legs, 5–10 ml of lotion or 3–5 g of cream are required.

For the treatment of clothes, nets, curtains, tents, 20-30% water emulsions of repellents or aerosols are used.

If the aerosol is applied to the skin, a jet of repellent is directed to the surface of the body for ten seconds until completely moistened.

How to choose repellents

All fumigants and repellents are made from toxic substances, so they must be registered with the Ministry of Health and receive a certificate. Means that do not have a certificate are dangerous not only for mosquitoes, but also for people. Foreign funds are usually very toxic.

The concentration of a toxic substance is the second indicator after the certificate, which is worth paying attention to. It depends on the toxicity and duration of the repellent. The higher the concentration, the more toxic the agent and the longer it works.

The most "long" - repellents of the highest category. They contain 30-40% of the active substance. They last up to five hours. In drugs of the second category, the concentration of the toxicant is 20–25%; they protect against insects for up to 3 hours.

The "shortest" ones contain no more than 10% repellents and last no more than 2 hours. But even pregnant women and small children can use them, which should be written on the label and confirmed by the picture.

It is best to purchase protective equipment in a pharmacy, and not in stores, and even more so not in stalls. The fact is that all repellents should be stored at a temperature not exceeding 25 degrees. If a temperature regime is not observed, then the drug, at best, will lose its effectiveness, and at worst, it will behave unpredictably.

It doesn't matter what brand you use. But if unknown manufacturers do not inspire confidence, rely on those who have long been on the market and have managed to prove themselves.

When buying, be sure to pay attention to the expiration date. It is best to purchase protective equipment immediately before use.

For children, it is better to buy special children's repellents. They are made on the basis of natural raw materials - essential oils and contain a lower concentration of active ingredients.

source: http://doctorpiter.ru/articles/4211/

Repellent plants - assistants in the fight against garden pests

With the advent of heat, nature comes to life, and with it, numerous insects wake up. repellent it best protection skin from painful bites and irritations.

Repellent - general definition chemicals and insect repellents.

Application

Depending on the purpose, all repellents can be conditionally divided into several groups:

Repellents. They are characterized by a very pungent odor that prevents the insect from even approaching the skin.
Masking agents are designed to eliminate the smell of the human body, due to which the insect loses interest and looks for another, more attractive object for itself.
Fumigators - means, which include an element that affects nervous system insect. Using a fumigator can be dangerous for a person prone to allergic reactions.
Ointment and cream - means of external action. Of the advantages, it is worth noting the availability, ease of use. Among the shortcomings - a greasy cream or ointment stains clothes, and also causes some discomfort after application.
Pencil. The compact dimensions of this tool make it as convenient as possible to use (you can always put the tube in your purse).
Spray - repellent quickly applied to large areas of the body, clothes, hair.
The spiral is an excellent tool for repelling insects on the street. When ignited, the coil begins to emit a very pungent, unpleasant odor.
Fumigators are a special device into which a plate impregnated with a substance that repels insects is inserted. When heated, the fumigator begins to release fumes that are barely perceptible to humans, but deadly to insects.
An ultrasonic repellent is a device that makes certain sounds that resemble the squeak of an insect. For a female mosquito (it is she who bites a person), such a sound is a danger signal, upon hearing which she retreats from the room.

Terms of use

Before applying a protective agent, test its effect on a small area of \u200b\u200bthe skin (or for a short time if it is a fumigator). Such simple actions will help to avoid possible allergic reactions.

Creams, lotions and ointments are applied in a thin layer to the skin. You can not rub such repellents.

Do not apply a protective preparation to the skin around the eyes, nose and mouth.
Do not treat damaged areas of the body.

Use insect protection only if necessary. Frequent treatments of skin, clothing or premises can cause poisoning.

Contraindications

It is necessary to refrain from using repellents in the following cases:

During pregnancy and breastfeeding;
the age of the child is up to three years;
open wounds, purulent inflammation;
an allergic reaction to any of the components of the insect repellent;
viral diseases in the acute phase of development.

Compound

Essential oils (synthetic or natural).
Pyrethroids are substances that protect against insects.
Alcohol (not always used).
Diethyl phthalate is a special organic compound with a repellent effect.
Auxiliary elements.

Benefits of using

Repellents (regardless of the form of release) help to forget about midges, mosquitoes and other insects for at least 4-5 hours.
Safety of use. The main active ingredients of the protective drug do not have negative impact on the environment and human health.
Affordable cost.
The convenience of use.
Low cost.
Lack of smell.

Repellent plants - classification

Flower repellents - plants not only create beauty on personal plot, but also repelling insects - pests. Most often, flower repellents are planted in the garden, next to vegetable crops.
Garden repellents are plants that produce a very large amount of phytoncides that repel insects that harm future crops.
Wild insecticides are plants that not only destroy insects, but also have a detrimental effect on human health.

Properties and action

Plant repellents will help rid the garden of pests. Experts recommend paying attention before planting and collecting information about the effect of this or that repellent plant.

Marigolds, marigolds and chicory repel garden worms.
Garlic will keep currant bushes or beds with garden strawberries from ticks.
Elderberry, tansy and wormwood will keep the harvest of apples and plums from the voracious stalk.
Mint, nasturtium and lemon balm act depressingly on the whitefly.
To keep the cabbage leaf from eating whites will help the neighborhood of tomatoes, wormwood or sage.
Planting mint, lavender, and wormwood bushes will help get the ants out of the garden. The carrot fly does not tolerate the aromas of tobacco, rosemary, onions.

It is better to plant repellent plants between the rows of the garden, small islands. So they will not load the main garden and garden crops. It is important to understand that repellent plants do not destroy, but only repel pests. Sprays prepared on the basis of herbal repellents will help to completely get rid of insects.

It is also necessary to remember a list of plants that maintain a natural balance of beneficial insects and pests. These include: sage, fennel, cumin, calendula, thyme, lavender, dill.

No need to endure annoying midges and biting mosquitoes. Having carefully studied the information about the types of repellents and their beneficial properties, you can always choose the perfect option for yourself, providing a quiet life without insects.

source: https://dachniki.guru/sadovye-rasteniya/repellenty.html

Repellent plants: what they are and how to use them on the site

There are many pest control methods. The easiest and most accessible is the fight with chemicals, which give almost 100% result, but excessive use of chemicals in the cultivation of vegetables and other edible crops is not acceptable, because in the end all this ends up in the human body, causing allergic reactions, coupled with poisoning.

And the repeated use of a “successful” drug is generally unacceptable - it causes pest resistance.

Biological products created on the basis of effective microorganisms - fungal and bacterial, are relatively natural and absolutely safe for humans, but their successful use depends entirely on natural and weather conditions, as well as on the correct dilution of the solution.

The golden mean in pest protection can be called natural insecticides, which do not carry any harm to crops and humans, but repel and destroy harmful insects, and some of them even decorate the site.

To be precise, unlike chemical insecticides, repellant plants are designed not to kill, but rather to repel insects.

But among them there are also potentially dangerous plants, which are poisonous not only to arthropods. In order to properly and effectively use repellent plants in the garden, it is worth dwelling on their breeding and cultivation in detail.

Groups of repellent plants: properties and action

To begin with, we divide the repellent plants into groups, according to the areas of influence:

Flower repellents. These plants are not only repellent for pests, but also a decorating element of the site. These include - sage, marigold, calendula, chrysanthemum, petunia, nasturtium.

Attention!

They are planted next to vegetables, they are made into infusions, which are also effectively used.

Garden crop repellants. These are the most common repellents, as they are also planted for harvest. These include garlic, onions, mustard, cumin, dill, parsley, as well as potatoes and tomatoes.

These crops produce a large amount of phytoncides, which have a deterrent effect on insects. Decoctions are also successfully prepared from them.

wild insecticides. This group is controversial, because in addition to the positive qualities of the destruction (namely, the destruction) of pests, some of the wild-growing insecticides are frankly poisonous, which means that they can adversely affect human health.

Useful natural insecticides that do not harm either a person or a beneficial insect are: wormwood, bird cherry, elderberry, tansy, tobacco, spurge, yarrow, burdock, mustard.

But wild poisonous insecticides, which, in order to avoid unpleasant situations of poisoning, should not be planted on the site, include: dope, black henbane, Caucasian chamomile, celandine, cow parsnip, aconite, etc.

How to make a competent crop rotation using repellent plants

You need to grow and arrange repellent plants in your garden in such a way that they are beneficial. That is, it is necessary to properly organize crop rotation in order for the neighborhood of crops and repellents to be beneficial, not harmful. After all, there are situations when their proximity is negative for culture, oppresses it (allelopathy).

Keep in mind the following "good neighbors":

Properly planted in this way, repellents repel and drive away pests, but do not destroy them. For destruction, spraying with infusions prepared with them should be carried out.

So, for example, decoctions of mint, basil and tansy are suitable for all, without exception, crops already affected by pests, they can be used all the time, except for the period of flowering itself.

You can also take note of the category of repellents that maintain a balance between beneficial and harmful insects in the garden. These are sage, fennel, cumin, calendula, sweet clover, thyme, lavender, dill, etc.

Let's remember about the technology of planting useful plants for the garden and vegetable garden - they are planted either in the aisle vegetable crops, or directly in a row, directly between plants ("Melange garden" B.A. Bublik). An indicator of 2-3 plants per 1 square meter is sufficient.

How to collect and prepare natural insecticides

In order for the treatment of crops with infusions of insecticide plants to be effective and efficient, it is necessary to observe the time of their collection, methods of harvesting and preparation.

As for the collection time, insecticide plants are not used for the entire season for preparing infusions, there are such intervals when they are useless for this purpose.

Collect insecticides for the preparation of infusion should be in two periods:

From the appearance of 3 leaves to the flowering period.
After seed maturation until winter.
Infusions can also be prepared from the earthen part of insecticides - bulbs and rhizomes, but only at the end of the season, when they have accumulated enough substances necessary for pest control.

Collect plants in dry, sunny weather, before lunch, or after 4 pm. Plants are used in several ways.

Working solutions

When preparing, only fresh, freshly picked insecticidal plants are used, which are collected, prepared infusion, and immediately used. It is important to remember that such solutions are not subject to storage. In addition, spraying with such infusions should be used regularly, because they are quickly washed off by rain.

And one more thing: only exceptionally healthy insecticide plants should be used for infusions, otherwise you can not expect any protection from pests.

In a fresh, but already crushed form, plants can also be introduced into the soil when planting a plant (leaves of chrysanthemums, bitter pepper, celandine) or sprinkled on the ground after planting (leaves of tobacco, tansy).

Infusions using dry, pre-harvested plants

Along with fresh insecticides, their dry version is also used, for which they are pre-harvested. Blanks are also convenient in that, since spraying must be carried out frequently, a large amount of material is required. Drying is carried out in several ways:

Drying in the shade, packing in fabric bags or nets;
Drying in brooms, sheaves, in the attic.

In any case, storage should be carried out in a dry, well-ventilated area. Also, dry material can be crushed and then applied to the soil at planting.

Powders based on pyrethrums containing a component such as pyrethrin, which paralyzes the muscles of pests, are very effective in dry form. But if the concentration of pyrethrum is insufficient, then the paralysis will pass and the insect will remain alive.

All types of chamomile can be attributed to pyrethrums, so its harvesting should be given Special attention. Chamomile is dried, and then the inflorescences are ground into powder - the finer, the more effective the solution prepared from it will be.

Solution recipe: 8 liters warm water, 50 grams of powder, be sure to add adhesive. You need to insist 4 hours, and it is necessary to spray the plants only in cool weather.

Infusions using pre-prepared concentrate

It is made in the fall - a steep infusion is brewed with boiling water, then the container is hermetically sealed and left for the winter, during which the infusion turns into a liquid concentrate. Then this concentrate is used against the pest, after diluting it, approximately 1/10.

So, for example, you can prepare walnut leaves, after they fly around, tomato and potato tops. It is important to remember that the concentrate is quite toxic, and its dilution is mandatory, and the necessary proportions are studied empirically, trying to start on 1-2 plants.

How to properly prepare infusions and solutions of natural insecticides for spraying crops from pests

To improve the technical qualities of the working solution, when preparing it, the so-called "stickers" are necessarily used - components that help the liquid stay on the leaves longer, counteracting pests, and not just drain into the ground.

As adhesives, ordinary laundry soap is best suited, which does not do any harm to humans, animals and plants. It is rubbed on a grater and added to the finished solution, stirring until completely dissolved. When spraying, the soapy liquid lingers on the leaves.

Attention!

Also, dishwashing liquid is suitable as an additive in the working solution, but any powder (especially with bleaching particles) is contraindicated - this can adversely affect crops, and possibly human health.

One of the effective and fairly new adhesives are surfactants (surfactants). These include adhesives BIO, OP-10, OP-7, liposam, EPAA-10.

By adding them to the insecticidal solution, a higher quality adhesion of the infusion to the leaves of the culture is obtained, as well as a slower evaporation of moisture from the leaf. In addition, a solution with the addition of surfactants can be stored in the refrigerator, retaining its "useful" properties for several weeks.

Natural adhesives can also be: Green soap, egg white, soap root decoction (saponaria officinalis, kachim paniculata).

Treatment of plants with working solutions occurs, as a rule, throughout the season, the only exception is the flowering period, when the plants do not need to be disturbed. Before flowering, treatments should be carried out once a week, after flowering, spraying 2 times a month will suffice.

Preparation of infusions against pests can occur in different ways:

cold way. Universally, for 10 liters of water, take approximately 1500 g of necessarily crushed aerial parts of plants. It is best to use several types of natural insecticides at once, mixing them in certain proportions in order to cover a wider range of pests.

For example, such a mixture of herbs is effective: 0.5 yarrow, 0.25 each - dandelion, tansy, euphorbia, nettle. Infuse this solution for a week, then filter. It turns out a concentrate. It is diluted with water in a ratio of 1/10 or 2/10.

Variants of infusions with repellent plants:

Nettle infusion. Effectively removes aphids from the garden.
An infusion of fresh burdock leaves. Effective when spraying cabbage - helps against the invasion of moths and cabbage. This culture solution must be sprayed every 3 days for 3 weeks.
Infusion of horse sorrel. There are slightly different proportions here - an average of 300 grams of crushed material is taken per 10 liters of water. Insist only 3-5 hours, then filter and process. It must be carried out several times, with an interval of 3 days.
Infusion from buttercup creeping. The bucket is filled to ⅓ with chopped grass and infused for 1 hour. After using the first portion, the same cutting can again be filled with water and sprayed again in the morning. Effective against raspberry weevil.

hot way. The solution is prepared in this way according to the following scheme: about 400 grams of fresh, crushed insecticide plants are poured with 10 liters of hot water.

The infusion time can be from 4 to 24 hours. Alternatively, boil the solution under a lid for half an hour. Then, when the solution has completely cooled down, filtering is carried out, several times using large and small sieves.

A hot solution is dangerous because it can leave a burn on the leaves of plants. It depends on the insecticide itself and its concentrate. Therefore, spraying should not be carried out immediately on all plantings, the infusion must be tested on several single plants, and if everything is fine with them in a day, then further processing can be safely carried out.

If not everything is going smoothly with the plant (for example, it has become “sad”, lowered the leaves), then the concentration of the solution is lowered by adding several liters of pure water to it.

Instead of fresh insecticides, powder prepared from dry material can also be used. In this case, the amount of insecticide used in the solution should be reduced by half.

For example, a hot solution based on celandine is effective against rodents. This infusion is boiled over low heat.

Spraying with this infusion is carried out several times, after 5 days. Just remember that celandine still contains poison, and you should work with it carefully.

Alternative types of solutions from pests from natural insecticides

In addition to the usual working solutions discussed above, solutions prepared with other natural insecticides are also used, one of which is Neem oil.

Neem oil is a bio-insecticide that is made from the Indian tulip tree and is a powerful killer of up to 400 types of pests.

Solutions using Neem oil successfully fight whiteflies, caterpillars, scale insects, and many others. The oil is absolutely safe for humans.

Recipes for preparing a solution using Neem oil:

In 10 liters of infusion from any herbs, 30 ml of oil and 30 ml of "adhesive" are diluted.
50 ml of oil is diluted in 8 l of a little heated water, a few drops of rosemary and lavender, and a “sticker” are also added there.

When spraying plants with such solutions, the following principles should be followed:

The solution is constantly shaken when spraying, preventing it from separating into water and oil;
Spraying should be carried out from a fine spray;
Spraying is carried out every week for a month, and only before flowering.

You can buy oil and its analogues in pharmacies, specialized stores.

And although the protective effect of natural insecticides is not as pronounced as that of pesticides, 2-3 sprayings confidently control the number of pests. And according to Pavel Trannua, cultivated plants also absorb protective substances if they are applied in dew.

We hope that repellent plants are now clear to you, and you can use them both to repel and to destroy pests that have appeared.

What helps to repel insects, whether these substances are toxic to humans and whether natural “anti-mosquito” can become a reliable protection, finds out .

What is a repellent?

Repellent is a substance of natural or synthetic origin, designed to repel arthropods (mosquitoes, midges, horseflies, ticks, etc.). This deterrent property of repellents differs from insecticides that kill insects.

Is it necessary to use them?

You can not be afraid of mosquitoes in Belarus: in our country, diseases such as malaria or dirofilariasis are very rarely recorded, transmitted from patient to healthy person through mosquito bites. Mosquitoes can only be scary for allergy sufferers and people with sensitive skin who develop irritation. If you're neither of those, opt for physical protection (closed clothing, mosquito netting) over repellents.

If you are going on vacation to an exotic country, first ask your doctor if there are any dangerous blood-sucking insects there.

You should protect yourself from ticks that can carry tick-borne encephalitis and lyme borreliosis, diseases dangerous to humans. According to some reports, Belarusian ticks are able to carry other diseases, including those little studied in our country. For the prevention of bites, it is advisable to resort not only to physical protection, but also to chemical repellents. At the same time, remember: no tool guarantees one hundred percent protection against bites.

What's in the composition?

In our stores, repellents are most often found, the main active ingredient of which is DEET (diethyltoluamide), IR3535 (ethyl butylacetyl-aminopropionate, 3-aminopropionic acid) or permethrin.

DEET (may be listed as diethyltoluamide, DEET, diethyltoluamide) is the most versatile repellent that effectively provides protection against bloodsucking. Despite many rumors about the unsafety of the substance, the World Health Organization recommends it as an effective remedy for protecting against diseases spread through insect bites.

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA USA) in 1998 evaluated 40 years of DEET use and concluded that "the use of DEET according to the instructions does not pose a health hazard", the substance "has no significant toxic effects in experiments on animals." DEET generally does not cause adverse reactions. However, there are studies showing that the substance has a strong irritating effect on the eyes (not for nothing, according to the instructions, it is unacceptable to get protective agents on the mucous membranes), in rare cases, DEET can cause neurological symptoms.

DEET and IR3535 can dissolve
synthetic fabrics and plastics

IR3535 is a chemical that is structurally similar to the natural amino acid B-alanine. Like DEET, it does not have any particularly pronounced toxic effects on the human body, except for the fact that it is a strong irritant when it gets into the eyes. Thus, IR3535 is an alternative to repellents containing DEET.

Permethrin is a pesticide. The substance is a synthetic form of a natural insecticide - pyrethrum, obtained from Dalmatian chamomile (Chrysanthemium genus). This component of repellents is quite toxic not only for bloodsuckers, but also for humans. That is why permethrin repellents are a last resort when protecting against bloodsucking (for example, you need to be in the center of the spread of ticks for a long time). In general, it is best to avoid products with permethrin.

What are repellents?

Repellents are presented today in various forms: ointments, creams, lotions, sprays, aerosols; candles, as well as devices filled with a tablet or liquid, plugged into an outlet.

It is highly undesirable to use repellents in the form of aerosols - there is a high probability of getting the product into the eyes. Always follow the instructions: apply only in the way recommended, and no more often than indicated (to avoid side effects). It is advisable not to apply repellents to children (it is especially necessary to protect infants under 6 months). If there is still a need, first apply the product to your hands, then evenly distribute it over the skin of the child. Avoid the area around the eyes and mouth, and apply the repellent gently around the ears. Do not apply repellent to the child's hands, he may lick them.

Don't use sunscreen
with repellent effect

Repellents in the form of candles may not be effective. They also release fumes when burned, which can cause breathing problems. It is undesirable to use such funds indoors, it is permissible - on the street.

Avoid refillable "plug-in" insect repellents and battery-operated gadgets sold as outdoor "repellers". Metofluthrin, allethrin and similar toxic components can be repellent in tablets and liquids with which they are refilled. However, they are often less effective than repellents applied to the skin.

Which repellent to choose?

Before buying a repellent, evaluate the danger: it may not be necessary to use a chemical agent, physical protection will be enough - to cover the body with clothes, mosquito net close the window and baby carriage. If you are still afraid of mosquitoes, in addition to physical protection, choose repellents with DEET with a quantitative content of no more than 30 percent (ideally - 7-10 percent). At the same time, 20 percent of DEET in the repellent also serves as protection against ticks. Repellents can contain up to 100 percent DEET, but this does not mean that the product is super effective. It is desirable to protect children from funds with DEET.

Repellents can contain up to 100% DEET, but this does not mean that the product is super effective.

Use repellents containing permethrin in extreme cases - for example, if you go hiking or for a walk in the "tick" square. Usually they process hiking clothes, equipment (tents, rugs), never directly leather. Moreover, it is unacceptable to get funds on the mucous membranes. These repellents remain on things for a long time. You should not apply such products indoors, do it only outdoors.

Read the label carefully to make sure that this product protects against exactly the "bloodsuckers" that you need.

Does natural anti-mosquito work?

Essential oils of juniper, cedar, verbena, mint, geranium, lavender, pine, cajeput, cinnamon, rosemary, basil, thyme, allspice, garlic, as well as their extracts, have some repellent properties. It's important to understand natural remedies much softer, their deterrent properties are less pronounced than those of synthetic chemicals. The effectiveness of such products depends on the type of insect, they may not protect, for example, from tick bites (although no product guarantees full protection!). Such repellents require very frequent application, on average, every 40-50 minutes.

Remember: natural repellents are not for everyone! Some essential oils can cause allergic reactions, so before you apply the repellant all over your body, do an allergy test: test a small amount on your wrist to see if it causes irritation. It is better to forget about some esters: for example, citrus oils are considered phototoxic. They are under the influence sun rays can cause skin burns at the site of application.

What not to forget?

Upon returning home, it is advisable to wash off the repellent: take a shower. It is advisable to wash clothing that has been sprayed with chemical protective agents.

Even if you have used repellents, be sure to check yourself and your child.and after the walk. If a tick is found on the body, consult a doctor immediately.

about the author

Daria Chumakova, Head of the Environmentally Friendly Lifestyle Program at the Center for Environmental Solutions

Biochemist. Studies the impact of toxic substances in consumer goods on human health and nature.

Photo: gettyimages.com, mandvmag.com, flickr.com, thebump.com

Consider aerosols that act against ticks. They are divided into three main subgroups:

repellent (repellent odors). Active ingredients - CBD 3023 (ikaridin) or DEET (diethyltolaumide);
acaricidal (killing). The active ingredients are alfametrin or flufazpermethrin. The optimal concentration is from 0.2% to 0.25%;
mixed (simultaneously killing and repelling).

Usually, the type of agent is indicated by the manufacturer on the container containing it.

Features of different groups of drugs

Most experts believe that repellents are not very effective due to rapid weathering. This is especially characteristic of aerosols based on the substance icaridin, its action does not last longer than 2 hours. But diethyltolumoid drugs act up to 4 hours.

Acaricidal preparations should have a toxic effect for no more than 20 minutes. This is the time it takes for a tick to sit on a person, get to the exposed skin and bite. Therefore, if the remedy does not paralyze the tick during this time, there is no sense from it. By the way, when using acaricides, mandatory protective measures are necessary.

10 minutes - during this period, three drugs coped with their task: "Gardeks", "Deta", "Taiga".
18 minutes - so much time was required to kill ticks "Reftamid", "Moskitol", "Komaroff".
More than 20 minutes it took "Tornado" and "Tarol". It is not recommended to use them.

User opinion

Many users who have to use anti-mites constantly due to their profession or frequent exposure to nature do not recommend mixed-type preparations. The majority prefers Reftamid-Antiklesch, however, the recommended 15-day validity period is considered too high.

Positive feedback was earned by Kleshch-Kaput, as well as Breeze-Antiklesh. On the clothes processed by them the insect is paralyzed and disappears in a minute. A day after treatment - after 4 minutes.

How to use aerosols?

Shake the spray several times before using.
Clothing processing is carried out only in the open air.
The aerosol jet is directed strictly downwind, from a distance of approximately 25 cm.
Square meter clothing requires at least 20 grams of the drug.
After processing, the clothes are dried.
The processed clothes are put on necessarily over underwear.

Of course, the above review did not include absolutely all the drugs on the market. However, the most effective of them are indicated.

home » materials » Useful plants for the garden. Repellents Composition of mosquito repellent