Pine garden bonsai pruning scheme. Pine bonsai: home care

Pine bonsai is a classic type of bonsai both in Japan and around the world.

In total there are about 120 species of pine. All of them are more or less suitable for growing bonsai, but 4 types are mainly used.

For growing bonsai, the following types of pine are used:

japanese black pine,
common pine,
Japanese white pine.

Japanese black pine

The most commonly used Japanese black pine due to the fact that it, with the right content, has a beautiful bark, tolerates poor conditions well, does not require soils rich in nutrients.

In Japan, many self-respecting bonsai lovers believe that a person cannot become a master without growing black pine bonsai. The Japanese grow black pine bonsai as a tribute to the origins of this ancient art. Despite the popularity of black pine, it should be noted that by choosing this particular species, you may encounter two problems:

The tree has grown too long needles (wrong location, watering and top dressing),
Slow growth (biological feature of the plant).

Black pine is well suited for growing in gardens.

black pine bonsai

Black pines tolerate poor conditions well, and can survive in the wild on barren rocky soils. Black pine needles are dark gray-green, 7-15 cm long. The bark is purplish-gray in color, with age the tree cracks and resembles rocks.

Mountain pine.

Mountain pine has a hardy character, accepts adverse weather conditions and temperature changes without changing the color of the needles. Mountain pine will withstand frost and scorching summer. At proper care mountain pine will produce dense, thick needles, and thick branches that can be cut and shaped in a variety of styles. A young tree starts life with a purplish hue, and when it blooms, it produces beautiful soft purple flowers.

Mountain pine grows in Central Europe. The species itself is very diverse and botanists divide it into a number of subspecies and varieties. In favorable conditions, the mountain pine forms dense dense shrubs or small trees. Mountain pine needles are paired, 2-5 cm long, dark green and slightly twisted. Pine blossoms with purple flowers.

Mountain pine bonsai.

Scotch pine

Scotch pine is the easiest and most malleable species for growing bonsai. Where other pines can "act up and rebel" Scotch pine will obligingly take any form and keep it well.

Scots pine is native to Western and Northern Europe. Its needles are paired, blue-green or yellow-green, 5-7 cm long. The bark becomes scaly and red-brown with age.

Scotch pine bonsai

Japanese white pine

Japanese White Pine is unusual and has quite unique white needles. White pines are often grafted onto black pine trunks.

White pine is a conical or columnar tree, often with a spreading crown. White pine is native to Japan. White pine needles - 2-6 cm long, dark green in color with a whitish-blue inner side.

Japanese white pine bonsai

Rules for the care of pine bonsai.

Location.

Whether you grow bonsai indoors or in the garden, it is essential to place the tree in a sunny location. When growing any type of pine in full shade, you will run into the problem that the needles will be too long, which is unacceptable for pine bonsai.

Pines need a lot sunlight during spring, summer and autumn. With a lack of sun, bonsai pine trees often die off branches. The tree is quite resistant to winter frosts, but is afraid of cold winds. You can read .

Watering.

Do not water pine bonsai abundantly, it is better to do it in small doses, but regularly. Ensure good drainage! The soil should be kept moist throughout the season.

Top dressing.

It is necessary to feed a little every month.

Transfer.

Bonsai pine trees should be transplanted in the spring, until the buds begin to swell. This should be done every two to three years. A young tree needs to be transplanted, as a rule, for 4 - 5 years. Mountain pine can be transplanted in summer. When transplanting pine bonsai, it is not necessary to wash the roots and try to wash out the old soil, on the contrary, it is recommended to leave a certain amount of the old soil, as it contains fungi that are beneficial for the growth and health of the pine.

Reproduction.

You can propagate in two ways: from seeds in April or cuttings during the summer.

Pruning and shaping pine bonsai.

Pine is considered one of the most difficult trees to form bonsai due to the fact that the principle of pruning pine bonsai is not similar to the principles of pruning other types of bonsai. This is due to the fact that most plants grow throughout the season, releasing new shoots and leaves. In pine, one growth spurt is observed in the second half of spring.

It should be understood that pine has its own growth zones, the characteristics of which determine the intensity of pruning.

Zone 1 is the most active. These branches grow faster and more actively than others.

Zone 2 medium strength.

Zone 3 is the least active zone.

It must be understood that the formation of pine bonsai must be carried out from an early age of the tree. Old pine trunks are impossible or very difficult to bend, they will break.

Pines tolerate pruning well if done carefully and no more than once a year. Pruning should not be overly radical, otherwise the tree may die. Pruning should be done in autumn to reduce sap loss. If you need to completely remove the branch, do it in early spring, as the "scars" will heal faster with spring growth. All cut wounds must be treated and sealed.

Formation of the crown of bonsai pine.

The formation is carried out using a wire. There are several opinions about when to start the formation of pine bonsai. Some consider late autumn and winter to be the best time, when the tree is less active. Other bonsai enthusiasts recommend shaping in the summer when any damage can be repaired as the tree is in its growth phase. However, due to the fact that in the active phase pine branches tend to quickly increase in thickness, when they are applied in spring or summer, we risk getting a damaged trunk and branches by autumn. When laying the wire in autumn, we can leave it on the tree until next summer without risking anything.

Kidneys.

In order to give the pine the desired look, it is necessary to do simple manipulations with the kidneys every year. Pine buds most often occur in groups. To give the tree desired type, you can leave only the desired kidneys. Remembering the growth zones, and the fact that the upper branches grow faster than the lower ones, follow a simple rule: leave the most developed buds on the lower branches and the least developed ones on the upper ones.

Pruning bonsai from pine - upper branches

Pine Bonsai Pruning - Lower Branches

Candles.

In the spring, the buds you have saved will stretch into candles, the size of which cannot always be predicted. These candles can also be cut to suit your needs. The rule is the same. Candles growing in the first zone of the tree should be pruned much more than candles from zones 2 and 3. It is not necessary to cut all the candles at once. Do this for 2 to 3 weeks. Candles from zone 1 decrease by ½ or 2/3. Candles from zone 3 - no more than 1/3.

Plucking Needles

Needle plucking is a necessary procedure for pine bonsai. This action allows air and light to penetrate the outer needles, providing health and strength to the inner shoots and branches. It also helps spread the energy of growth throughout the tree. Plucking the needles is another way to control the height and width of the pine bonsai.

Needle plucking is carried out from mid-July to autumn. We pluck both old and new needles in accordance with their position on the tree. The more needles on a branch, the more active it is; by reducing the number of needles on the active branch, we will redistribute energy to less active zones.

The figure (from left to right) shows how the needles should look after plucking:

Plucking bonsai pine needles

In zone 3. On the lower branches (leave more);
In zone 2.
In zone 1. At the top, we leave less needles.

On a healthy bonsai tree, you can leave only 4 pairs of needles on the upper branches, 6 or 7 pairs on the middle level and 8-12 on the lower branches.

Needle cutting.

It is often necessary (especially if you are dealing with black pine) to reduce the length of the needles in order to ennoble the image of the tree. It is possible to shorten the length of the needles by reducing the amount of water and fertilizer in the spring, however, not all bonsai masters like this method, since it makes the whole tree weak.

It's getting popular these days new technology which helps reduce the length of the needle by limiting the time a tree has to grow its needle before growth slows or stops for the winter. The technique is as follows: shoots grow freely in spring and summer. In the middle - end of summer, all the needles of this year are cut. The tree is trying to grow new needles - and it succeeds, but the needles will be shorter, since winter is half as long.

This technique should only be performed on a fully formed pine tree. Needle pruning should be considered as the last stage in the development of pine bonsai.

For the Japanese, growing bonsai is a whole philosophy that combines the spiritual and physical side of the process. An ordinary person needs to treat this matter with love and patience in order to achieve success. You need to have some knowledge about how to make pine bonsai. It takes a lot of time and effort to grow bonsai on your own. As a result, an amazing plant will give joy and beauty for many years.

Traditional bonsai must meet the following characteristics:

Trunk. It should be powerful and strong, with a pronounced base and protruding roots.
Branches. There are few branches, their lines should be harmonious and clearly visible. The trunk and branches of bonsai give the tree that very unique bizarre image.
The form. The Japanese bonsai pine must meet one of 15 classifications. To help a novice or experienced gardener, drawings, diagrams, photographs or your own fantasies and wishes.
Pine in miniature should look like a tree growing in natural conditions.

The main task when creating a bonsai is to achieve a slow growth of the plant. This is achieved in several ways: frequent pruning of tree roots and shoots, artificial restraint of growth, the use of special types of soil, special ways of caring for and watering trees.

How to grow pine bonsai outdoors

Pine occupies an honorable place in bonsai landscape design. Its obvious advantages are the original form, unpretentiousness to growing conditions, resistance to low temperatures, and a high level of adaptation.

Observing certain conditions, you can grow this miracle tree right in the ground:

A real bonsai is a visually old tree. The effect of aging is achieved by artificially bending and landing branches with the help of weights and wire. For the impression of a long-growing pine tree, the bark is specially cut in several places with a knife edge.

Formation of bonsai from Scots pine

Scotch pine can be an excellent basis for self-growing bonsai. Conifers differ from deciduous trees in two stages of growth per year, which should be considered when creating pine as a bonsai. The first wave of growth occurs in late spring and is expressed in the lengthening of the branches. The second wave occurs at the end of August and is characterized by thickening of the branches.

In a few years, you can grow a bonsai from Scotch pine with your own hands in a pot:

Scotch pine bonsai should have a strong and developed surface root structure (nebari). Root growth is achieved by several growing seasons, as a result, the tree should firmly and confidently hold on to the ground.

If you plant young trees from pots in open ground, then you can get garden bonsai from Scotch pine. This is done in the fifth or sixth year of the plant's life. The advantages of growing in the garden are the rapid growth of the power of the trunk and the sufficient height of the tree. Before transplanting, the crown and trunk of the bonsai must be fully formed, that is, its proportions by this moment already fully correspond to the desired ones.

The formation of pine bonsai is a balance between the creation of nature and man. In order not to disturb the harmony, several bonsai can be planted in the garden from different types trees, surrounding them with objects and plants similar in style and mood. transformation ordinary tree into a beautiful dwarf counterpart is a fascinating and interesting activity. Bonsai pine will become a real decoration of the garden with individual outlines and lines inherent only to it.

Video about planting pine bonsai

Bonsai - oriental art landscape design, the classic version of which is the cultivation of a miniature pine. Flower shops offer already formed potted trees, but it is much more interesting to grow bonsai with your own hands. This article contains helpful tips how to make it at home.

What is a pine bonsai

The Japanese word "bonsai" (in Chinese "pencai") is translated as "grown on a tray." The essence of this garden art is to grow an exact copy of a tree growing in wild nature but in miniature. This goal is achieved through the use of a special technology for cutting roots and branches, which slows down the growth of a tree.

Did you know? Bonsai is an important part of Japanese culture. More than 100 thousand miniature green compositions are considered a national heritage and have been passed down by the Japanese from generation to generation for centuries.

The size of an adult plant reaches 50-150 cm, which is completely proportional to the size of an almost flat root system, limited by a shallow pot. Not only the crown is formed, but also the trunk, which can be inclined or intricately curved.

Bonsai trees are characterized by the following features:

the trunk is powerful, thickened at the base, with roots peeking out of the ground;
a small number of branches, each of them is clearly visible;
the image corresponds to one of the forms that are considered classic.

The most popular plant that is used to create mini trees is pine. Its advantages are rapid growth, malleability during formation, beautiful shape and adaptation to different conditions.

Of the 120 pine species for bonsai, only four varieties are most often used: Japanese black, Japanese white, mountain and ordinary:

How to grow bonsai from seeds

To grow a bonsai pine tree from seed, you need to be patient, as it can take many years. It all starts with the autumn collection of seeds, or rather pine cones in the nearest forest. Then they need to be put in a warm place until they dry out and open their seeds.

Important! Whatever soil composition is used for sowing seeds (sand, peat or earth), it and drainage must be disinfected by calcination or steaming. This will serve as a preventative measure against seed infection..

Growing seeds is divided into the following stages:

Rules for growing bonsai from ordinary pine

Growing pine bonsai from a finished seedling is more popular than from a seed. This method can be called accelerated, since a tree of the desired shape can be obtained in about 7 years.

Step-by-step instruction:

Purchase a small pine seedling, preferably with an uneven stem, from a store or dig carefully in a coniferous forest. You do not need to do any manipulations with it, just transplant it into a pot with a fresh substrate, which consists of a mixture of barren land or peat and sand (1: 1). The size of the container should not exceed 15 cm. Be sure to pour drainage on the bottom, and mulch the ground with sawdust from above. Put the pot in a sunny place, closed from the winds.
The first pruning is done next spring, in late March or early April.. Candles that stretch up by 10 cm are cut off. Thanks to this step, the growth of lateral shoots and the thickening of the lower part of the trunk are activated. The remaining young shoots pinch to slow growth. At this stage, you can already begin to form the trunk. If you have decided on the style of bonsai, then in accordance with it you need to bend the trunk and branches with a frame of wire that spirals around them. After cutting, the plant is watered with fertilizer and returned to the street in a well-lit area. It is recommended to put the pot on a stand 30 cm high. In this state, the plant is left for a year. If necessary, thin out the needles, this can be done in the second half of summer.
A year later, in April, the first pruning of the roots and transplantation is carried out.. If the tree is very dense, then you can first cut off the shoots a little, highlighting the main tiers of branches. But excessive thinning of branches can do harm. Then the rhizome is removed from the pot along with an earthy clod, freed from the ground, but not completely. The released tap roots and too long lateral roots are shortened. Pour drainage from large stones into the bottom of a wide, but shallow container, and then - the soil mixture. The substrate can be prepared from akadama or Senegalese clay, lava and pumice in equal quantities, or from sand, perlite and humus (2:2:1). When planting, the seedling must be placed at the desired angle or vertically, spreading the roots horizontally. Cover with soil, leaving the root neck on the surface. Then the plant should be watered abundantly and sprayed with needles. Put the container outside, but first in a shady place, gradually accustoming to the sun. Care during this year consists of watering and fertilizing. If pruning was not done in spring, then in late autumn it is worth cutting off the apical shoot at the level of the nearest branches extending from the trunk.
In the fourth year, when the bonsai has taken root in a new container, hard pruning is carried out to give the crown the desired shape. In this case, the lower tiers should already be clearly visible. Extra branches and bunches of needles are removed from the trunk, and the remaining shoots are pinched. Put on a wire frame. In summer, needles are thinned out on the main branches. Throughout the year, the tree needs regular watering, sprinkling and feeding with nutrients.

In subsequent years, you need to adhere to the chosen tactics for the formation of your bonsai.

Bonsai Care Rules

Bonsai is a unique tree that needs special care. In this case, you must adhere to several important rules:

the place should be sunny and without drafts regardless of whether the tree grows in an apartment or on fresh air, lack of lighting leads to excessive elongation of the needles and even the death of branches;
temperature must be natural: summer indoor plant it is advisable to expose to the air (balcony), and in winter put in a cool room with a temperature not higher than + 5 ... + 10 ° С;
watering regularly, moderately and in accordance with the season: in summer - twice a week, in spring and autumn - once a week, in winter - even less often, since the pine is at rest;
top dressing no more than once a month(except for the dormant period) complex mineral or organic fertilizer (humus or compost);
transplant it is recommended to perform before the start of sap flow (in March) every 2–3 years, but a young seedling can be transplanted only in the 5–6th year.

Did you know? The art of bonsai came to Japan from China in the 6th century. n. e. Miniature trees were brought by Buddhist monks along with their religion.

Important care measures are shaping and pruning. To do everything right, you should take into account the vegetative characteristics of the pine. The active growth period occurs only once a year, more precisely at the end of spring.

In addition, this plant has 3 zones that differ in growth rate:

1st zone- the upper part of the tree, on which shoots grow quickly, and it needs to be cut more strongly;
2nd zone- branches in the central part of the trunk, grow at an average speed;
3rd zone- branches of the lower tier with a characteristic weak growth, they are cut less than other shoots.

The formation of bonsai implies not only the forming pruning of the crown, but also giving the desired shape to the trunk.. This is achieved by putting on a tree a special frame of the desired shape made of aluminum wire (3 mm). The frame is installed in the fall, and removed in the spring, otherwise the wire will start to dig into the growing tree. Wire shaping should begin at the seedling stage, when the branches are flexible and bend easily. In an adult tree, they become woody and can be broken.

Pruning of shoots is performed in the fall, when sap flow is minimal.. And you will have to cut not only shoots, but also buds, candles and even needles. A special procedure is the mandatory plucking of needles. Old and young needles are removed not only to give an aesthetic appearance, but also to improve ventilation and lighting of all shoots, as well as to regulate the height and width of the plant. Recently, the complete removal of all needles has been practiced in order to shorten their length.. They will grow back, but will be much shorter than the original needles. All manipulations with needles are done at the end of summer, beginning of autumn.

Important! Pruning should be done with sharp, disinfected scissors. The cuts are made at an angle of 45° and then carefully processed.

Is it possible to grow a bonsai from two pines

Most styles of bonsai are formed from a single plant, with each image symbolizing something. But there are several styles in which 2 or more trees are combined into one composition. For example:

soju, or "two trees side by side"- a composition of two separate trees of different ages and sizes, which grow side by side in one container and symbolize the constant transition of traditions from generation to generation;
Yose-ue- forest style, consists of a group of trees of different ages (an odd number), imitating a forest landscape, is a symbol of the connection between different generations;
saikei - landscape style(informal bonsai), in which a composition resembling a natural landscape is created not only from trees, but also from moss, as well as stones of various sizes.

Since the pine is a forest tree, it is still more comfortable in the garden than in the house. And the bonsai pine will perfectly fit into the garden landscape and will become the main decoration of your dacha. 5 years after planting the seedling in a pot, it can be transplanted into open ground. At this time, the tree is a full-fledged bonsai with a well-formed crown and trunk and has a powerful horizontal root system.

You need to choose the most suitable area near the house: sunny, sheltered from cold winds, no drafts. planted on a hill that can be built from prepared soil. At the bottom of a shallow hole, it is advisable to put a piece concrete slab or other material that will prevent root deepening. In the wild, the tree quickly grows a powerful rhizome and trunk.

To create a beautiful bonsai pine tree, you will need several years. But the tree continues to grow and change. Therefore, bonsai can become your life's work.

Everyone has heard of such a concept as bonsai– japanese art growing a miniature tree in a bowl. But you can grow very decorative tree bonsai and in the garden, trees of our middle zone, such as maple, willow, apple, hawthorn, pine, spruce, juniper, etc., are perfect for this.

Garden bonsai or niwaki (as the Japanese call it) is a wonderful element of landscape design, especially suitable for a garden in Japanese style or for small plot where you want to place everything very compactly.

Of course, it is easier to form bonsai from deciduous trees, but pine creates that very unique spirit of the Japanese garden, and also fills it with a coniferous aroma.

Which pine trees are suitable for bonsai?

Take a simple forest pine ordinary. You can, of course, and something more exotic: mountain pine or cedar, but in middle lane ordinary pine well adapted and formed.

Bonsai planting technique.

To form a compact tree, it is necessary to limit the growth of the root system. Therefore, it is better to resort to a special landing method. At the beginning, a rather deep hole is dug into which a large stone is placed. It is sprinkled with 30 cm of earth and a tree is planted. In this state, the tree grows and adapts for a year, it has not yet been touched. Then you need to start trimming the growing roots. They are cut with a shovel. So that the tree does not suffer, 1/4 of the roots are cut off per year.

Formation of bonsai from pine.

Traditionally, the Japanese tree is formed in the form of a scalene triangle. Branches should be inclined horizontally or towards the ground. Branches growing upwards are removed. Powerful branch endings are also cut off. Pine has two periods of active growth per year. The first in late spring, when the buds begin to sprout, forming "candles" and the second at the end of August, when the branches stretch and thicken. It is better to do the main pruning before the second growth period, i.e. in the middle of August.

To form a lush crown in the form of balls on branches, in the spring in May, when the “candles” have not yet blossomed, they should be cut with scissors or pruners by 1/3.

After such pruning, the tree no longer stretches so much in height and forms lush rounded balls.

To give a tree desired shape, cut off the upper part of the trunk and extra side branches.

Young shoots are cut off or broken off when the branches are already quite stiff.

To give the tree a sinuous shape, you can use stiff wire.

To fix the branches in the right direction, you can stretch them with rope spacers. for this purpose, by the way, women's tights are well suited.

In such a fixed position, the branches arrive throughout the year.

To form a branch horizontally, you can use straight sticks, tying branches to them.

By the way, branches after pruning trees can be brewed into tea or a bath. This is a healing agent.

In the wake of fashion for everything Japanese, bonsai has spread widely. This is an ancient oriental art of growing miniature trees. Creating a bonsai is a difficult task that requires a lot of time and effort. Miniaturization is achieved through constant control over the growth of the tree and its shape. The crown of the tree is periodically pruned, and the growth of the trunk is limited metal frame. Growing bonsai from pine trees is more difficult than from hardwoods, but it is a very exciting experience.

Getting started - choosing a plant and searching for seeds or seedlings. Pine, common in the middle lane, is impossible better fit for these purposes. Seedlings are very different from each other, the choice of one form or another depends on the desired result. They can be collected in the forest yourself or specially ordered from a nursery. Plants are transplanted into small pots with a diameter of not more than 15 centimeters. Autumn - the best time for transplantation, it is during this period that the roots of the plant enter the phase of active growth.

At first, until the plant takes root, it is necessary to maintain conditions close to natural. Pines are photophilous, so they should be provided with a sufficient amount of sunlight, for example, by placing a pot in the open air. It is important to cover the seedling with mulch from wind and cold.

The substrate must pass moisture well and not retain it on the surface. A mixture of perlite, coarse sand and humus in proportions of 2: 2: 1 is ideal. The seedling is watered often, but little by little. Do not allow the earth to dry out, it is more useful to leave it always wet. It is not worth using clay soils, they get lumpy and dry out for a very long time, which can lead to rotting of the roots.

plant formation

To make a bonsai out of an ordinary pine tree, two main techniques are used:

the crown is ennobled by trimming;
stem growth is influenced by a metal frame.

The seedlings spend the first winter after planting at rest, pruning is not performed. It starts only at the end of March - beginning of April. Too much pruning can kill the plant, so it should be treated with caution. Optimal size tree is 7-12 centimeters. Before starting the process, you need to make sure that healthy needles remain on it as a result.

Excess shoots are cut off with well-sharpened scissors at an angle of 40-45 degrees, without damaging the needles. If the needles are long and abundant, it can be thinned out for more uniform lighting short needles, in other cases this cannot be done.

Ligature - a frame of three-millimeter aluminum wire that forms the desired bonsai trunk - different experts recommend installing at different times. If done in the spring, the wire can cut into the tree and damage the bark. Since this will happen in the summer, during the growth period of the plant, the pine will quickly heal the damage. If you do this in the fall, the desired result will come more slowly, but the ligature will only need to be removed next summer. The traces left by the wire outwardly age the tree, the trunk becomes rough and clumsy. The form is laid once and for the whole life of the pine; with a change in the frame, it is impossible to change the shape of the trunk.

The plant is wrapped in wire. The easiest way to do this is to stick one end into the ground. Then it will be enough just to turn the pot in one direction or another. Then, if necessary, the pliable shaft is twisted or bent in the direction of the winding. The process is done with great care so as not to break the kidneys and needles.

Further care

The pot is displayed in the garden on a hill or hung out of the window. The main conditions are a sunny place and abundant watering. In the summer it is worth giving watering Special attention. Bonsai are fed regularly. For the winter, it is removed in the same way as last year, covering it with mulch. If the roots are cut in winter, the pine will not receive the substances stored in them and will retard its growth. Thus, the size of the tree can be adjusted. Trim only the damaged part of the root system, usually this happens after transplantation.

Transplantation is done in the third year of the plant's life. In April, the bonsai should be transplanted into a larger pot: 25 centimeters in diameter and 12-15 centimeters deep. Narrower containers should not be used - this will negatively affect both the pine root system and appearance the tree itself. The roots must be straightened and carefully examined, damaged - removed. Then they are sprinkled with a root formation stimulator, for example, "Kornevin". Upon completion of the transplant, the tree must be watered abundantly.

In the summer of the third year, the pine rests from transplanting. Cut it only in the fall at the level of the upper processes.

In the spring, a new crown will develop from the branch left after pruning. She needs to be allowed to grow. The fourth year is the most important in the fate of the plant. It is in this year that the formation of the crown of the tree takes place.

The final decision on the formation of the style of the tree must be made in August. The choice consists of its size and which part of the tree is the most successful. Individual bonsai style - emphasizing the merits of the tree and eliminating its shortcomings. It is important to consider in detail the two main parts of the plant: the trunk and the root system. Both elements are very important and require systematic correction. A pine tree is transplanted into a bowl, where it will spend the rest of its life, only with a fully formed trunk and roots.

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