Septic tank for a summer residence with off-season accommodation - which one is better to choose. Septic tank for a house with permanent and non-permanent residence: what is the difference and how to choose? Which septic tank is better for a country house
When a residential building is being built, then sewage is planned, as a rule, independent. Previously, a cesspool was used for all sewage, today an autonomous septic tank for a private house has become popular. These are innovative designs for wastewater treatment, which are an air-tight vessel, usually divided into several chambers.
In this device, household drains are first settled, then they are processed by special microorganisms, and then the drains are filtered. A huge selection of bio purifiers poses urgent questions for consumers, which better septic tank for giving with periodic rest, and which utilizer is more suitable for a permanent home? Buy a ready-made unit or make a cleaner yourself? We will try to answer these questions in this article.
Bioseptics are a local installation, which is an autonomous system sewer system private house. This treatment plant is installed in those areas where it is impossible to connect to the central sewer, that is, near country houses of non-permanent residence and country houses.
It is advisable to equip a deep cleaning station next to a river or pond.
To choose the best bio septic tank, it is necessary to understand the principle of operation of this design, which will help pay attention to the appropriate parameters when choosing a tank. So let's see how this design works:
- Wastewater flows through sewer pipes into the first chamber, where it settles. Heavy impurities settle to the bottom, while light fractions and fats remain at the top.
- Then, after the primary settling, the wastewater enters the second section, in which the process of purification from organic matter continues with the involvement of bio-bacteria.
- In the third chamber wastewater finally settled and purified. After that, they go down to the filtration field, and fall into the ground, where the liquid is filtered and completely cleaned of impurities.
When answering the question of which septic tank to choose for a house of permanent or temporary residence, experts advise paying attention to utilizers that are equipped with a deep biological filter. Autonomous purification stations of this type carry out complete water purification, freeing from the need to build filtration fields.
What are the types of septic tanks?
There are many types of local septic tanks that can be used to treat the effluents of a private house: from the simplest do-it-yourself structures to autonomous installations that allow you to purify wastewater to almost 100%.
Treatment plants are classified according to different criteria:
- by the number of wells: one-, two- and three-chamber septic tanks;
- according to the material of manufacture: steel, reinforced concrete products, plastic and fiberglass;
- by design features: volatile and non-volatile.
Also, bio cleaners are classified into three types, depending on the set of implemented functions:
- Cumulative. Such a utilizer consists of one chamber or two communicating wells. Effluent in a sealed vessel is divided into liquid and solid fractions, then the organic matter is split, and the liquid is settled. So that the tanks do not overflow, the waste is periodically pumped out (1-2 times a year). This type a septic tank will do for a country house where they rest only on weekends.
- Settler with a compartment for soil purification. This purifier is divided into several infiltrators - chambers without a bottom, which act as filtration fields. Inside the aeration areas there is bio-activated sludge, which accelerates the decay of sewage. This type of septic tank is suitable for a seasonal residential building, for example, from May to October. Cleaning is necessary once every 2-3 years.
- Station for deep purification of sewage masses. This is a tank with three chambers, in which sewage decomposes in stages. First, solids settle, then the liquid with organic suspensions is biorecycled. Top Models septic tanks of this type are equipped with a compressor. Installation is expensive but effective. Ideal for a private permanent home. Pumping out will be required no earlier than after 5 years.
In order for the closed sewer system to work more actively, it is recommended to equip an anaerobic septic tank for it, which implies the settlement of special bacteria in the primary treatment chamber. These microorganisms feed on organic matter and do not need oxygen. This measure will accelerate the disinfection and dissolution of waste.
If a ventilation pipe is removed from the post-treatment chamber or a air compressor, then you get another aerobic septic tank. To do this, it is necessary to add special microorganisms to it, which process organic substances with the access of oxygen.
Biological decomposition of sewage by one or another type of microorganisms makes it possible to purify waste to the state of process water.
What to look for when choosing?
To solve the problem of which bio septic tanks are better to choose for a private house, it is necessary to consider the problem from several positions:
First, you need to decide whether to make a sump yourself or purchase a ready-made tank. In the first case, the structure is made of bricks, concrete rings or tires. However, such a cleaner is only acceptable for a house with seasonal or periodic residence. For long and safe use, it is better to choose a factory model, even the cheapest one, since the purchased version complies with all environmental and sanitary standards.
At the same time, it is not advisable to purchase the most expensive treatment plants, which allow you to drain purified water directly into a reservoir, for private use, but for several households it is not so expensive. For individual use, it is better to choose a two-capacity utilizer. The first compartment collects sewage and performs their primary purification, and the second one filters the liquid and drains it into the ground, and not into water bodies.
Secondly, it is necessary to choose the material for the manufacture of the tank. This criterion affects the service life of the vessel. So, for the manufacture of cleaning stations use:
- ZHB rings. High-quality reinforced concrete rings are not subject to corrosion for a long time, have a large margin of safety, but their installation requires the involvement of special equipment.
- Plastic. Reservoirs made of various polymers are light in weight and low in price. However, this design is very unstable, and during installation the vessel must be kept upright at all times. In addition, plastic is damaged by rodents and frost.
- Metal. Septic tanks made of this material have the greatest strength, as well as affordable cost. However, the metal is easily corroded, so the tank must be waterproofed, both inside and out. In addition, the installation of a metal sump is impossible without special equipment.
- Fiberglass. The most durable and practical utilizers are made from this material, since they have chemical neutrality, as well as other positive qualities: strength, lightness, resistance to temperature fluctuations.
Thirdly, you need to consider the type of soil on the site. Recommendations for specific conditions:
- for sandy soil, it is better to install a utilizer with a biological treatment function, as a result of which the water immediately merges into the sand. The filtration field is recommended to be placed higher;
- in clay soil, in addition to bacterial purification, wastewater must overcome the sand filter. Then the purified liquid is poured directly onto the ground;
- when high line surface water deposits, the best solution would be a polymer tank with a bio-cleaning function. In this case, the septic tank must be weighted or securely fixed.
How to choose the volume and size of the wastewater purifier?
The capacity of the effluent utilizer is calculated based on the average daily rate sewage sewage per person (bath or shower, toilet bowl, sink - about 200 liters), the number of people living in the house and a three-day supply. If the family consists of four people, then the required volume of the septic tank is calculated using the following formula:
200*4 people*3 days = 2400 liters
If guests often come to a country cottage, then the result is increased by 2/3:
2400 * 1.66 \u003d 3900 liters.
The optimal depth of the septic tank is from 1.3 to 3.5 m.
Depending on the end result of the required cubic capacity, according to the table, a tank model is selected:
Depth is important ground water. For a single chamber model, groundwater must be below the bottom of the tank. For a two-chamber version, they must pass 1 m below the bottom of the last stage (filter). If the groundwater is at a depth of more than one and a half meters, it is technically difficult to equip filtration fields for a three-chamber reservoir, especially on waterproof clay soils.
Tips for choosing a cottage with occasional residence
If households visit the home on weekends and use a minimum of plumbing equipment, then a multi-section septic tank is not needed. Summer residents, as a rule, prefer low-performance, inexpensive, single-chamber utilizers. Unlike a cesspool, crushed stone and sandy layers-filters are poured into such drives, which provide 50% purification.
Experts recommend that it is better to choose a compact two-section mini-septic tank with settling and infiltration chambers. If the volume of drained sewage does not exceed the passport norms, then such a design perfectly fulfills the functions assigned to it.
Before choosing a small storage septic tank for a country house, you should familiarize yourself with its features:
- mini-septic tanks are sold complete with activated sludge, which is populated with anaerobic biomaterial;
- after the processing of organic waste, the water settles and is purified in the well, after which it enters the soil;
- storage septic tanks are made of reinforced polymer, which is resistant to temperature extremes;
- compact containers are easy to transport on a regular car, and they will not cause trouble with unloading;
- You can install such a utilizer alone, but it is better to do it together.
Recommendations for selection for a permanent residence
For the average family that permanently resides in country house, the best option there will be a sump with two or three sections, which is a combination of a one- or two-chamber storage tank and a septic tank-filter. The first two containers (settlers) are sealed, and the third one is without a bottom; a layer of sand and gravel is poured into it, which additionally filter the liquid before descending into the soil.
If the utilizer is filled, then it is pumped out by special sewage services, bio components and filters of the septic tank must be changed every 3-5 years. The multi-chamber sump purifies sewage up to 95%.
Which unit to choose for a house with permanent residence, so that the drains are as clean as possible, and pumping out as little as possible?
A good option in the presence of a high boundary for the passage of groundwater would be a multi-chamber utilizer with a biofilter. This factory. The model, manufactured in an industrial way, consists of 4 sections:
- sump;
- an anaerobic chamber for the decomposition of large waste;
- separator with a filter with bacteria;
- aerobic septic tank (similar to the drainage field).
The best choice would be a septic tank with a drainage field that combines several wells and a filtration zone. Such a complex requires an area of not 30 m2. At the same time, the minimum distance between the sump and the house is also at least 30 m.
Rating of septic tanks for a country house
It is enough to go to a specialized store and see the variety of septic tanks that it offers, and the consumer will face the problem of choosing the best option. Therefore, we invite you to study the ranking of the best non-volatile and volatile wastewater purifiers, which is compiled in accordance with expert opinion, analysis of sales volume and customer reviews.
TOP 3 non-volatile septic tanks:
Such tanks work without electricity and are suitable, first of all, for country houses with non-permanent residence.
- Tank. A simple septic tank that works on the principle of pre-treatment of wastewater by settling, biodegradation and subsequent distribution of treated water into the ground. This unit is made of durable polymer with stiffeners, which contributes to resistance to increased loads in summer and winter period s. Approximate service life is about 50 years. Periodic cleaning is carried out every 3-4 years and pumping out to a third of the capacity once a year.
- Triton. This utilizer is equipped with three chambers that implement the process of removing fractions from the liquid, as well as the anaerobic decomposition of biomaterial, followed by the supply of purified waste water to the filtration site. There are models from 2 to 40 m3. When installing, it requires weighting for secure fixation. Service life 45-50 years. Annual cleaning required.
- BARS-Bio. Optimal choice, both for periodic and permanent residence in a private house with the possibility of creating a filtration field. In such a unit, the waste masses pass through three chambers and two biofilters that do not require maintenance. Provides a high degree of sewage treatment, which reduces the cost of reconstruction of drainage fields. Service life - more than 50 years. Requires cleaning every 5 years.
TOP 3 volatile septic tanks:
These devices require a constant connection to electricity and oxygen supply to microorganisms, so they are better suited for cottages with permanent residence. These are real deep sewage treatment plants with a high degree of efficiency.
- Tver. This design provides complex wastewater treatment through a multi-chamber system for receiving and treating large volumes using various bioadditives and reagents. This septic tank is suitable for installation in any soil, even in peat with an aggressive environment. The durable plastic tank resists corrosion, providing a service life of up to 60 years. Cleansing - every 3-4 years.
- Leader. The unit of six chambers provides complex purification of waste masses without the use of special bioactivators. Allows you to organize an ecological drain to any place (well, ditch, pond) due to the complete cleaning of sewage using anaerobic bacteria, polymer fishing line imitating algae, aeration tanks, activated sludge, alkaline environment. The service life is 55-60 years. Pumping - once every 5 years.
- Ecopan. Another multi-chamber device made of airtight plastic. Available in two versions: for normal soils or for high-passing groundwater. The two-layer design of the septic tank prevents the destructive effect of any soil. Completely environmentally friendly, provides a high degree of wastewater treatment. Service life - up to 50 years. Requires cleaning every 3-5 years.
All of the listed models of autonomous septic tanks for private houses have adequately proven themselves in the field of wastewater treatment, they have a well-thought-out design with a large margin of safety. Therefore, you just have to choose the required volume.
How to choose a septic tank for a private house
In the absence of the possibility of connecting to a centralized sewerage line, the owners country houses you have to take care of the arrangement of local wastewater treatment systems. Septic tanks can help with this without affecting the environment. There are many types of such devices. Therefore, those who decide to install a local sewage system in their area have a question about which device is better to choose.
Types of septic tanks
The main classification of systems for the disposal of wastewater from a private house is based on the principle of operation.
- Storage tanks are the easiest option. They are sealed containers. In these containers, sewage enters and accumulates there, which must be pumped out, periodically calling a sewage truck.
Sewage storage tanks
Septic tank with cleaning
Biological wastewater treatment
Compressor for septic tank HIBLOW HP-150
Note! It is necessary to choose a place on the site for the placement of septic tanks that carry out aerobic or anaerobic wastewater treatment, taking into account sanitary rules.
On the market are ready-made options various companies, but with certain skills, you can make them yourself, for example, from concrete rings. The material, along with the design and other important parameters, is one of the factors that are taken into account when choosing a septic tank.
Online calculator for the required volume of a septic tank based on the number of inhabitants and the mode of water use
What should be considered when choosing a waste disposal device?
Before buying a septic tank, you need to answer a few questions.
- How many people will live in the house, what sanitary equipment will be installed? These factors determine the performance and volume of the septic tank.
- What are the features of the soil?
- What is the planned budget?
- Is it possible to connect to electricity?
- Can you make a septic tank yourself or do you prefer to buy a ready-made device?
How many people will live in the house
This setting affects performance. To determine it, you need to multiply the number of inhabitants by 200 liters, because that is how many drains per day, according to the standard, form one person.
Wastewater stays in the treatment plant for about three days. Therefore, productivity must be tripled in order to obtain the required volume of the station. It is also necessary to take into account the possibility of the arrival of guests, as well as decide whether the house will have such sanitary equipment as a bathtub, dishwasher and washing machine.
The number of residents affects the type of building chosen and the design features.
If it is planned to live in a house with a small family only in summer time, then the drive will be enough. To service a year-round home, you should choose a cleaning station.
The number of users determines the number of soil-filtered septic tanks. So, for a house in which 3 people will live, a single-chamber septic tank is enough. If more than 1 but less than 10 m3 of wastewater is generated per day, it is recommended to install a device from two tanks.
Aeration stations do best with large volumes.
Features of natural conditions
The depth of penetration of the primer and the type of soil determine whether it is possible to equip a soil filtration stage that will work effectively only on sandy loams and sands and low GWL.
The scheme of occurrence of groundwater
It is possible to install post-treatment on loam and clay, but these works will require a lot of time, money and physical costs.
Depends on the depth of soil freezing design features septic tanks. A large neck allows you to deepen the device. Among the finished products there are options for installation in the ground with a deep point of zero temperatures.
Septic tank with sealed chambers
If you need to install a drive on heavily freezing soils, then you should give preference to vertical tanks. But in areas with a nearby primer, it is better to mount horizontal storage tanks.
Scheme of installation of a vertical septic tank
With a significant amount of wastewater and unsuitable natural conditions, it is better to choose a biological treatment plant. True, their cost will be higher.
Local sewerage costs
The amount of money that the owner of the house can allocate for the arrangement of the sewer system remains one of the main parameters for choosing a septic tank.
The most expensive are prefabricated plastic treatment plants, especially those that aerate wastewater. There are models produced in Russia and proven by users: Topas, Astra. You can also purchase European septic tanks, for example, Uponor. On average, biotreatment stations cost 80-100 thousand rubles.
If natural conditions allow, then you can opt for ready-made septic tanks with soil aftertreatment. Among such devices, the most popular are the Tank treatment plants, which cost about 35-50 thousand rubles, excluding the additional stage. An oxygen-free septic tank can also be equipped from improvised materials, for example, from eurocubes, especially if you purchase used containers that cost about 4-5 thousand rubles.
The design of a septic tank from eurocubes
The cheapest option is storage tanks.
The price of the finished product is also affected by what it is made of.
- Concrete rings are a traditional and inexpensive material for septic tanks. But for their installation it is necessary to hire lifting equipment, which is not cheap.
- Ready-made plastic septic tanks are also often used, they are more expensive, but they can be released into the pit by 1-2 people. In addition, you can make a tank from a thick-walled pipe large diameter or use eurocubes.
Note! Plastic products float under groundwater pressure, so they must be installed on concrete base to which to attach the container.
How to choose a septic tank for a private house
Find out how to choose a septic tank for a private home. Types of septic tanks, performance and other characteristics of the treatment plant, site parameters. A photo
To save yourself from the need to inhale odors from cesspools, it makes sense to buy a septic tank for a private house, having previously studied its features and giving preference to a specific variety. The device will save the residents of the house from any trouble. With the constant residence of a large number of people on the territory of a private house, the drain pit simply cannot cope with the task and it will need an assistant, who can become a septic tank.
What is a septic tank
Private houses or country cottages differ from ordinary apartments the fact that there is no central sewage system and the use of a special device will be required to remove household water. A septic tank is a sealed container in which liquid waste accumulates. Individual models the function of biological treatment is available, but they cannot be classified as full-fledged treatment facilities.
What is it needed for
Owners of country houses, when arranging sewage, must ensure that wastewater is treated, taking into account sanitary standards and soil characteristics. A reliable option would be a septic tank, also called a septic tank, whose function is to accumulate and purify waste leaving the premises. It passes impurities through itself, not allowing it to penetrate the soil. Before you make a septic tank in a private house, you should understand its structure and operation.
Device
When building a cottage, it is necessary to pay Special attention arrangement of an autonomous sewage system, since there is no central one according to the project. The device of a septic tank in a private house allows you to solve problems with the removal of household waste and their cleaning. The work is carried out in three stages:
- Sewerage from a private house is collected in sealed plastic containers of a local treatment plant.
- Inside the septic tank, particles are separated into heavy and light particles. The former settle at the bottom of the well, while the latter enter the next compartment.
- Aerobic purification is not always possible, so anaerobic purification often occurs. Impurities are filtered, and the formed methane is removed by means of an exhaust pipe.
Types of septic tanks for a private house
Local treatment facilities are divided into two large groups - old and new. The first group is represented by brick septic tanks and reinforced concrete structures. These types for private houses are used less frequently due to time, power and material costs. However concrete structures considered to be more durable. The new ones include ready-made plastic septic tanks for the home, which have several more subspecies. Of the undoubted advantages, one can single out the cheapness, practicality of plastic, and the lightness of the product.
Cumulative
Manufacturers of septic tanks installed in private homes understand that it is impossible to do without a sewer system, so they offer a wide choice. The use of special tanks often becomes a solution to the problem. A storage septic tank is a container where household water flows through pipes, pumped out as it fills. Calculations of the volume of liquid must be made independently and, based on this, order a storage tank right size. This option has a number of features:
- Installation of drainage wells is not required, which has a positive effect on the cost of the system.
- The tank itself for a private house will be expensive, despite the simplicity of the device.
- The owner of the house can independently decide where the septic tank will be installed. However, everything needs to be thought out so that the entrance of the sewage truck is unhindered.
- It will be expensive to pump out waste, therefore, if domestic water accumulates quickly, then a single-chamber septic tank is not your option!
It is impossible to ensure a comfortable life for permanent residence in a private house without sewerage. Bioseptic with the help of special bacteria solves the problem of wastewater treatment, giving a kind of guarantee of soil safety. The process looks like this:
- Sewage enters the first chamber of a popular septic tank, undergoing primary treatment there. There is a separation of large particles and fats that settle on the bottom.
- Waste is sent to the second tank of the three-chamber septic tank, where cleaning continues more actively.
- The sludge enters the first chamber, and the treated effluents enter the third, where the final and main stage takes place.
- Completely purified water through the secondary sump enters the well.
With post-treatment
Waste that has passed through the septic tank cannot be counted completely clean water, which can be dumped into a pond or soil. Sometimes soil cleaning is indispensable. The design of a treatment plant for a private house depends on various parameters: the characteristics of wastewater and soil. Soil filtration is more costly, as you will need to install:
- absorbent trench,
- sand and gravel filter,
- filter well,
- filter fields.
Septic tanks for the home
It is not easy to make a choice from the assortment available for sale. Initially, the eye falls on those devices that are cheap:
- Name: KNS Unipump Sanivort.
- Price: 11328 rubles.
- Characteristics: the device pumps out sewage, accumulating them in the tank.
- Pros: low price.
- Cons: small capacity.
More serious septic tanks installed in private homes are many times more expensive. However, they are often worth it:
- Title: EcoProm Rostock.
- Price: 55900 rubles.
- Characteristics: design containing a biological filter for wastewater treatment.
- Pros: high degree of purification.
- Cons: large dimensions.
There are entire autonomous stations for deep biological treatment. In a private house, they will be appropriate:
- Name: Unilos Astra 3.
- Price: 66300 rubles.
- Characteristics: container for collecting and filtering sewage, occurring in several stages.
- Pros: Easy to use, does the job well.
- Cons: none.
The cost of installing a septic tank
Retail and online stores are full of sales, promotions and discounts. Before you install a septic tank to filter waste in a private house, you need to purchase it. It is not recommended to order delivery by mail, it is better to use the services of a transport company. You can buy a septic tank for a house, depending on its variety, at a price of 12,000 to 70,000 rubles. However, buying is half the battle. Installation costs may vary.
Septic tank for a private house: how to choose, reviews
Septic tank for a private house - solving problems with sewerage and ridding yourself of unpleasant odors liquid waste. Learn about the types of devices and why you can't do without it.
A practical and successful version of the sewerage device on its site - a septic tank - is a type of treatment plant that allows you to clean and dispose of wastewater. How to choose the right septic tank for a private house? The owner of a country dwelling usually, when choosing a design, pays attention to its price and performance. The last factor will determine how effectively the product will cope with its intended purpose. The variety of these treatment facilities on the modern market will make even the most sophisticated consumer in these matters confused. Local installation, included in the sewer system and used to collect, settle and purify polluted water from the home. For normal country house they are of the following types:
Filling type - the structure can be made independently using concrete rings, Eurocube, etc.,
Settling tanks with post-treatment through the ground,
Installations for deep cleaning.
When choosing the best option for a septic tank, you should also pay attention to the material of its manufacture, the type of soil where it will be installed, the purpose of the dwelling (for stationary or seasonal residence).
Types of septic tanks for a country house
Previously, when the production of plastic septic tanks was not so massive, more popular were reinforced concrete structures which were installed in stages. Cleaning systems made of metal were also used. Today, wastewater treatment is most often carried out using ready-made plastic installations. These products are reliable and durable. A high level of sealing ensures the environmental safety of the installations. Depending on the performance characteristics, they are classified according to different criteria.
By type of filtration
The classic storage option is an analogue of a conventional settling pit into which wastewater flows.
Accumulative model of a septic tank U1250 with a volume of 1250 l (Cost about 25,000 rubles)
In such tanks, water is stored until it is pumped out by a sewage machine. Storage plants require regular cleaning. Although the cost of such containers is small, but the frequent call of machines for cleaning is an expensive “pleasure”. Therefore, such a choice can hardly be called economical.
With soil cleaning - this option defends and cleans drains through a special drainage field.
Model Rostock 1000 with a volume of 1000 liters (Cost about 25,000 rubles)
Water is thrown out, and sediment remains in the tank itself, which must be removed 2-3 times a year using special equipment. As a result of treatment in such a septic tank, the water becomes 60-85% cleaner. Energy independence and ease of operation are the advantages of such a structure. But it cannot be installed in areas with high aquifers due to poor cleaning through soil filters.
Septic tank with deep biological treatment - in this case, you can achieve a high level of wastewater treatment (98-99%) and even reuse the liquid for household needs or for watering the garden.
Model Dochista Profi H5 with a volume of 1000 liters (Cost about 65,000 rubles)
In this option, all types of wastewater treatment are used: chemical, biological, mechanical. Such tanks can be installed in any type of soil, they do not rot and can serve for several decades. The disadvantages of biological septic tanks include their energy dependence. Therefore, in areas where power is often turned off, it will be difficult to achieve the normal functioning of the installation.
Scheme of operation of a gravity-flow wastewater treatment system
By material
From reinforced concrete - this option can be chosen for houses where they live off-season, that is all year round. They serve for a long time, but need good waterproofing and are quite difficult to install.
Plastic containers can be installed in areas where the groundwater level is high. Plastic septic tanks for a private house are not subject to corrosion and are not afraid of the influence of aggressive environments.
Metal tanks are made of stainless steel. However, compared to plastic and concrete counterparts, they are not so durable and practical. In addition, such septic tanks are quite expensive.
A horizontal septic tank is most often chosen for areas where water from the ground rises high in the autumn-spring period.
The horizontal container has the form of a cylinder and is made of plastic or stainless steel. Suitable for setting up a country house with large quantity waste water (10 or more cubic meters).
A vertical septic tank burrows deeper than a horizontal tank.
Such products are suitable for installation in a sewerage system with a small amount of wastewater (up to 2 cubic meters). However, such a tank is more airtight than the horizontal version.
Sometimes a combined version of horizontal and vertical septic tanks is used, where each tank is responsible for certain wastewater from the bathroom, kitchen or toilet.
By location
Underground - a more common version of the design, which is buried to a certain depth. At the same time, the landscape of the site is not affected.
The ground version of the structure is used if the geology of the site does not allow the installation of an underground version due to the high level of groundwater. In this case, the septic tank will spoil the landscape of the site, so it should be mounted away from the viewing angle.
What to consider when choosing a septic tank
In order to choose the right and buy a septic tank for a country house or a dwelling located in the private sector, you should take into account the purpose of the premises itself.
If the house will be used only during a certain season, then a simpler version of a sewage treatment plant will do.
Water consumption per day is also taken into account. Based on this indicator, the required performance of the septic tank is determined. Water consumption depends on the number of people living in the house.
Soil characteristics are also taken into account. The possibility of installation on site should be determined. After all, the territory itself must meet sanitary standards: the distance from the septic tank to the residential building is 5 meters, from the septic tank to the well or well - 30 meters. If the site is small, then it is unlikely to meet all the necessary requirements. In this case, preference should be given to a more expensive option - sewage with biological treatment.
The location of the septic tank on the site
At the site where the storage tank is installed, entrances for a sewage truck should be provided.
Best option: summary
To correctly choose a septic tank for a country house, you should take into account all the recommendations and make the necessary calculations. The current budget also matters, because some types are more expensive, but are not always an appropriate construction option in a particular situation. An optimally selected design model will be a guarantee of environmental safety and cleanliness of the soil, and timely maintenance of the tank and pumping out wastewater (if provided for by the instructions) will extend its service life for a long time. The best way sewer capacity will allow you to build a high-quality sewer system on the site and significantly improve living conditions in a private house.
Which septic tank to choose for a private house?
How to choose the right septic tank for a private house? The owner of a country dwelling usually, when choosing a design, pays attention to its price and performance.
An overview article on how to correctly choose the right septic tank for a private house.
First: proceed from their number of people who will use the septic tank
Each person will need at least two hundred liters per day, that is, if there are five people in the family, then the septic tank for a three-day stay in it should have a volume of at least three cubic meters.
It is also worth considering the volume of salvo discharge of water, it comes from several sources at once (this is a bath, shower, sinks, toilets). If you calculate the water consumption incorrectly and exceed the flow volume, this will affect the quality of water treatment.
Second: Frequency of use
Aeration units such as "Unilos", "Topas", "Astra", "Bioxi" are perfect for year-round operation. If the flow of effluents ceases, then the activity of microorganisms is inhibited.
In order to use the septic tank occasionally, it is necessary to bring additional food into the sewer, most often it is semolina, pet food, kefir. After receiving top dressing, the activated sludge biocenosis is restored, and the septic tank is operating normally.
Third: a way to divert the drain
Usually there are three ways to remove wastewater:
- Into the ground - this method is suitable if the soil consists of sand or is sandy loam. Drains go into a filter well with a crushed stone or gravel cushion at the bottom,
- In the "stormwater" - this method is suitable if the degree of filtration is approaching 98%, since you can get a fine for water pollution. The method is appropriate when your site has soil that does not absorb water well, for example, clay, or if you have an excessively high level of groundwater,
- In an intermediate well - the method is suitable for several houses sharing one station. This well is built of concrete, and water does not leave it, it is dumped onto the terrain using a drainage pump.
The discharge of water into a common ditch is prohibited due to the fact that aeration stations cannot completely destroy helminth eggs. Therefore, there is a risk of infecting other residents with intestinal diseases.
Fourth: The depth to which the soil freezes in winter
You can find out how much the soil freezes in your area by focusing on SNiP 23-01-99. For example, in the Moscow Region, the soil freezes by 1.4 m.
That is, if you plan to use a septic tank in winter time, you need to lay it below the freezing point, otherwise you risk an accident.
Fifth: Station cost
The Topas and Astra brands are similar and have approximately the same price tag. The differences between them relate to design features (one compressor is installed in Topas, and two in Astra), the number of modifications in the depth of the underwater pipe, and the hull material. Bioksi stations provide for the possibility of processing a larger volume of runoff with a similar number of users. Therefore, the price tag for the products of this brand is slightly higher. For a private house, the option is optimal.
Also on the market there is a firm "Tver", which offers a combined type of treatment systems. These septic tanks have a chamber for anaerobic processes. In fact, it is a complex of a septic tank and an aeration unit. These systems are ideal for occasional use, but they are more expensive.
How do treatment plants work?
The compressor supplies small air bubbles to the aeration tanks, which cause oxidation. Then the wastewater is pumped into a biofilter or aeration tank, and the remaining organic matter is destroyed in it. If you have an aeration tank, then in it a mixture of water and sludge is sent to a secondary sump, where the effluent is separated into water and sludge, and bacteria are involved in the processing of organic matter. Aerobic bacteria are used here. The biofilter, in turn, uses anaerobic bacteria that can exist in an oxygen-free environment, therefore, oxygen supply to the chamber is not necessary. Purified water is either removed by gravity or with the help of special mechanisms, sludge remains.
Overview of units on the market
Consider the most popular settings.
Topas Station
Domestic production, one of the first in Russia.
His work is based on the combination of biological treatment with fine bubble aeration (artificial air supply) for more efficient and faster oxidation of domestic wastewater constituents. Biological purification is the biochemical destruction of organic substances by microorganisms (bacteria). In this type of installation, aerobic bacteria are used, due to them, the processes of biochemical destruction of organic substances occur.
Septic tanks of this company have a large number of modifications:
- Based on the number of people living, modifications have been developed for four, five, six, eight, nine, ten or more people who live in a private house, in a country house, in a cottage,
- Modifications that take into account the depth of the pipe that leads the drains out of the house,
- Septic tank models can have one or two compressors,
- Septic tank models may have a drainage pump,
- In addition to modifications for the house, the company has developed septic tanks for a holiday village, a camp site, a country community with a capacity of fifty, seventy, one hundred, one hundred and fifty inhabitants.
You can safely choose the products of this brand, since this is one of the most thoughtful companies with many options, and the company's consultants will select the option that suits you, taking into account the characteristics of your site and your needs.
The positive aspects of using the autonomous wastewater treatment plant "Topas" include:
- A wide product line, you can choose a model based on the number of people living, modifications have been developed for areas with a high level of groundwater, as well as a number of other interesting solutions,
- Increased strength of the product, squeezing the station with soil is excluded, extrusion is also impossible,
- Very easy to operate, easy to manage by yourself, and no need to spend money on maintenance,
- The station is silent
- A very high degree of water purification, which allows the discharge of water into reservoirs or into a gutter.
Among the minuses of the Topas brand stations are:
Choosing a septic tank for a private house
The article discusses general approaches to choosing a septic tank for a private house and summer cottage, as well as an overview of the Topas, Tank and Unilos models.
In the absence of the possibility of connecting to a centralized sewerage line, the owners of country houses have to take care of arranging local wastewater treatment systems. Septic tanks can help with this without affecting the environment. There are many types of such devices. Therefore, those who decide to install a local sewage system in their area have a question about whether to choose.
The main classification of systems for the disposal of wastewater from a private house is based on the principle of operation.
- Storage tanks are the easiest option. They are sealed containers. In these containers, sewage enters and accumulates there, which must be pumped out, periodically calling a sewage truck.
- A septic tank with post-treatment carried out in the soil is a fairly simple option for treating wastewater. Such stations are formed by 1 or 2 reservoirs, in which large particles are deposited and pollutants are decomposed without oxygen. The degree of purification in anaerobic devices is not very high, water cannot be discharged into the environment. For this reason, it is necessary to equip a soil post-treatment stage, where the remnants of contaminants will linger in the filter bed.
- A feature of biological aerobic treatment plants is an additional stage of wastewater treatment by microorganisms in the presence of oxygen. To do this, a compressor is built into the septic tank, which pumps air.
Note! It is necessary to choose a place on the site for the placement of septic tanks that carry out aerobic or anaerobic wastewater treatment, taking into account sanitary rules.
There are ready-made versions of various companies on the market, but with certain skills, you can make them yourself, for example, from concrete rings. The material, along with the design and other important parameters, is one of the factors that are taken into account when choosing a septic tank.
Online calculator for the required volume of a septic tank based on the number of inhabitants and the mode of water use
In order not to be mistaken with the choice of a septic tank for arranging an autonomous sewage system of a country house, it is necessary to approach the issue in a comprehensive manner. It is not enough to focus only on the cost of the product and the beliefs of the sales assistant.
For example, for a house of permanent residence and a summer residence, completely different septic tanks are needed. It is necessary to take into account other nuances - the number of people permanently living in the house, the type and composition of the soil, the level of groundwater.
For all these points, you can find a lot of scattered information on the Internet. But, unfortunately, most sources provide the user with unsubstantiated data, which is not clear how to navigate. Moreover, information is often twisted and presented in the wrong place (or vice versa - to models from a particular manufacturer), which further confuses the user.
The purpose of this material is to give the reader the most complete understanding of the principles by which a septic tank is selected for a private house with permanent and temporary residence, taking into account a number of important factors.
Differences between a septic tank for a house with permanent and temporary residence
At the very beginning, you should learn how the sewerage of a country house in which they live permanently differs fundamentally from country option. This will greatly simplify the understanding of the information provided below.
Autonomous sewerage (septic tank) for a permanent residence:
- Accepts and processes household drains constantly.
- Should have a volume with a certain margin.
- It has a capacity sufficient to process constantly discharged wastewater.
- Without any problems, it can be connected to a stable power supply.
- Serviced, for obvious reasons, more often.
- Directly affects the comfort of residents (should not be a source of unpleasant odors on the site).
- It works all year round, including the winter period with negative temperatures.
Autonomous sewerage (septic tank) of a country or temporary country house:
- Accepts and recycles household waste infrequently.
- Has a small volume.
- Doesn't have high performance.
- In the absence of residents, it can be left without power.
- Rarely serviced.
- Doesn't really affect comfort.
- It works mainly in the summer, while it is preserved for the winter.
Focusing already on these points, you can roughly imagine what kind of septic tank is needed for a permanent residence and a temporary dacha.
Criteria for choosing a septic tank for a country house
Regardless of different conditions and situations, as well as manufacturers, brands, models and modifications, all septic tanks have a number fundamental differences, which, when selected, should be criteria for the user. Knowing these features, and being in certain conditions, one can already hope that the choice in favor of any product will turn out to be correct according to the result.
General criteria for choosing a septic tank:
- Body material.
- The volume of the receiving chamber.
- Performance.
- Energy dependence.
- Layout.
Each of these selection criteria is discussed in detail below.
Choosing the type of septic tank
All products for arranging autonomous sewers in country houses are divided into three large categories. Among themselves, they differ in device, principle of operation, size, frequency of service and, of course, price.
Types of septic tanks:
- Storage tank.
- Septic tank with soil treatment.
- Biological treatment station.
storage tank is a modern alternative to the previously used cesspools. It is a sealed container of a fairly large size. It does not have any built-in equipment and division into compartments. Discharged wastewater is not recycled, but simply accumulated.
Beneficial only for its relatively low cost. The rest are just shortcomings. However, this option is great for rarely visited country houses.. Again, it is completely non-volatile (unless a fill sensor is used). In the case of a permanent residence, the storage tank will take up a lot of space, require frequent pumping, and may smell unpleasant.
Septic tank with soil aftertreatment- this is a container divided into several (at least two) compartments, and supplemented with a soil filtration system. The principle of operation is the following. Drains from the house are discharged from the storage compartment, where they are separated into solid fractions (precipitate) and liquid. As it fills, the wastewater flows through the bypass manifold into the next compartment, where it is partially clarified due to the vital activity of anaerobic bacteria (which do not need oxygen).
As a result of such processing, domestic wastewater is cleaned by only 45-55%. Therefore, from the septic tank, they must be discharged into the filtration field or into drainage well. From there, the liquid gradually goes into the soil, is filtered, and enters the groundwater. Alternatively, partially clarified effluents can be pumped out with sewage equipment.
A septic tank with soil aftertreatment is quite suitable for use as a sewer at home with both permanent and temporaryaccommodation.
There is only one significant nuance. Soil post-treatment is possible only in cases where the site has an appropriate soil composition and groundwater level. If the liquid cannot go into the soil (hard clay, high GWL), then the sewer will only have to be pumped out.
Biological treatment station- complex equipment for the reception, processing and disposal of wastewater. In the classic version, it is a container of small (comparatively) dimensions, divided into four compartments, interconnected by bypass pipes in a certain sequence. It is completed with the compressor for supply of atmospheric air.
The principle of operation is the following. Effluent enters the receiving chamber, where large fractions are crushed, the contents are separated into liquid and insoluble sediment. In most models, already at this stage, the content is forced to saturate atmospheric air, which contributes to the reproduction and vital activity of aerobic bacteria.
In automatic mode, wastewater from the receiving chamber is pumped to the next compartment, where it is also saturated with oxygen and clarified. The remaining two compartments - one for insoluble sludge, the other - a sump. The accumulated sludge is removed manually during station maintenance. In the sump, the wastewater is finally clarified to 90-95%, from where it can be discharged into a drainage ditch or used for irrigation of agricultural plants.
Biological treatment plant is not suitable for temporary residences. First, its performance will not be justified. Second, she's expensive. Thirdly, its functioning requires uninterrupted electrification, which cannot be achieved without the presence of residents.
For a permanent home - this is the most modern and profitable option. Takes up little space, cleans drains almost to the state clean water, does not smell, does not need the services of sewage equipment.
Depending on the composition of the soil and the level of groundwater, the required performance and layout, an appropriate modification can be selected from almost any manufacturer.
Material of the septic tank
No type of material from which septic tanks are made can be called bad. Therefore, this is short. Septic tanks are:
- Fiberglass - durable, but expensive.
- Polypropylene - light, inexpensive, but fragile (require accuracy during installation).
- Polyethylene - light, inexpensive and elastic (the wall thickness must be correctly selected).
- Concrete - durable and resistant to seasonal soil movements, difficult to install, cracks and leaks at the seams may appear over time.
In the context of the topic under consideration, this parameter plays practically no important role, therefore, when choosing, you can focus only on the price.
The volume and performance of the septic tank
Autonomous sewerage based on storage tanks should have such a volume that it does not have to be pumped out unreasonably often. As for biological treatment plants, their volume and performance can be easily selected according to the number of people permanently residing in the house. The corresponding figure is often indicated directly in the model names.
If this is not enough, then you can focus on the average daily rate of water consumption by one person permanently living in the house. It is 200 liters or 0.2 m 3. To calculate the required volume or performance, this figure is multiplied by the number of people permanently residing in the house. It would also not be out of place to take into account a possible increase in the load on the sewer in the future - for example, if guests arrive or a bathhouse is built on the site.
At the sight of a figure of 200 liters per day, many users (often men) are perplexed, since such an expense seems too exaggerated. However, this is an average norm with a certain margin. Today you just washed your hands a couple of times and took a shower. And tomorrow the dishes are washed, and wet cleaning in the house, and washing machine works, and the guests have arrived.
Energy dependence of a septic tank
This question has already been partially addressed, so let's just summarize:
- For a home with permanent residence, you can choose a volatile septic tank.
- For a temporary home or cottage - it is recommended to give preference in favor of non-volatile options.
In some cases, the home of permanent residence is located on sites where there are regular power outages. If these interruptions occur on average no longer than 3-4 hours, then there is nothing to worry about (aerobic bacteria will not die during this time). If the interruptions are longer, then you need to take care of either the generator, or stop at non-volatile models.
Septic tank layout
In this regard, two criteria should be taken into account. Firstly, it is the height of groundwater. If in spring the water in the soil rises above two meters, then septic tanks should be considered with a horizontal arrangement, which allows not digging a deep pit for installation. You should also pay attention to the system of removal of clarified effluents. At high GWL, a pump for forced pumping may be required.
Secondly - the remoteness of the septic tank from the house. The greater this distance, the lower the central sewage pipe. Accordingly, the suction pipe must be at a suitable height.
After reviewing the information provided, it is already possible with more confidence to choose a septic tank for a country house, both with permanent residence and with temporary residence. The remaining parameters and characteristics of the cleaning equipment available on the market are secondary, and the result will not be affected as significantly as described above.
For comfort in a country house or in a rural area, you will need to connect water supply and sewerage.
The best option for autonomous collection of wastewater was a septic tank.
The owner of the house faces the problem of choosing the best option of such treatment facilities from the many offered on the market.
What are they like
Compact treatment facilities serving the needs of one house are divided according to several criteria:
- way of working;
- materials used;
- Shape, location and type of installation.
Variety by way of work
For a summer residence or a private house, septic tanks are suitable: from the simplest, accumulative to fully functional, carrying out high-quality complete wastewater treatment.
Cesspool or storage tanks
In fact, such a septic tank is an improved cesspool.
It is a sealed container, the only function of which is to accumulate effluent from the house.
In the chamber, they are divided into fractions– heavy waste sinks to the bottom, light waste, such as fats and oils, accumulates on the surface.
The advantage of this type of autonomous structures is the simplicity of the device.
Main disadvantage storage septic tank - the need for its regular cleaning, for which specialized sewage equipment is involved.
The cesspool option is suitable for a house in which the volume of regular drains is small, for example, for a summer residence, with 2-3 people living and limited water consumption.
The main requirements for a cesspool septic tank- sufficient volume, tightness and high strength of the storage tank.
Their implementation will reduce the frequency of cleaning and protect the environment from the ingress of waste accumulated during operation.
Settling tank with soil post-treatment
Overflow septic tanks - great option for a house where the daily glass size is small, but people live and use the water supply all the time.
In such structures, in addition to the accumulation of waste, their partial processing and purification takes place.
Removing accumulations for such an installation required much less often - as a rule, overflow septic tanks need the services of vacuum cleaners no more than once every 2-3 years.
Principle of operation
Overflow septic tanks - two-chamber. The first chamber, which receives effluent from the house, acts as a sump.
After partial separation into fractions, water with a minimum content of solids coming, including from under, flows into the second chamber - treatment.
It uses aerobic bacteria that can decompose organic matter to process pollution.
The degree of water purification as a result of their work reaches 60-70%.
Such water is used for irrigation or is discharged into natural reservoirs, undergoing additional purification along the way in soil filtration fields.
They are layers of rocks with high water permeability (gravel or crushed stone with the addition of sand, etc.), which remove pollution according to the principle of mechanical (mesh) filters.
Advantages of such a septic tank:
- ease of maintenance;
- a significant time interval between tank cleanings, due to a decrease in the accumulation of dry residue;
- processing a significant part of the waste contained in the effluents.
Deep biological processing of waste
Such facilities are full-fledged wastewater treatment plants.
They process large volumes and are suitable for a large private house with permanent residence.
At the same time, biochemical septic tanks purify water by almost 100%.
The design uses three chambers:
- to separate the substances contained in the drains (read how to connect the automatic washing machine to the sewer) by fractions;
- biological treatment with the help of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria (to ensure the activity of bacteria, additional equipment is used - aerators);
- disinfection using chemicals.
Advantages of three-chamber septic tanks:
- 100% degree of wastewater treatment;
- absence of unpleasant odors when using such installations;
- no restrictions for installation by type of soil and groundwater level;
- minimum costs for installation and time for commissioning - the stations are delivered fully equipped;
- minimal human involvement in the work, since the system is unattended.
For septic tanks with this degree of cleaning, the frequency of replacement of chambers or the selection of dry residue from them is once every 5-8 years, due to its minimal accumulation.
The main disadvantage of such treatment facilities is the high price (how to make a grease trap for sewage with your own hands is written in the article).
Important! If the mode of living in the house involves long breaks, for example, in the summer cottage there are no people in the house during the winter season, septic tanks with biological filters are not installed.
The limitation is due to the fact that without a regular income growth medium cultures of bacteria that process organic waste will die.
What are the criteria for selecting wastewater treatment plants?
Choosing a septic tank for construction or installation of a finished product requires taking into account several important factors.
Performance
The possibility of processing the entire volume of wastewater generated in the house (productivity) is the main technical indicator of a treatment plant.
It depends on the number of people living in the house, and the level of use of plumbing fixtures.
Naturally, in country house, where 2-3 people live in the summer, and the main consumers of water are a washbasin and a shower, the volume of drains will be much less than in a comfortable cottage intended for permanent residence of a family, with:
- swimming pool,
- multiple bathrooms (),
- with washing machine and dishwasher.
In practice, in terms of performance, septic tanks are selected based on:
- with a daily volume of effluents less than 1 cubic meter, a single-chamber storage septic tank is sufficient;
- if the volume of the drain is in the range from 1 to 10 cubic meters per day, a two-chamber septic tank with soil filtration is installed;
- with volumes exceeding 10 cubic meters / day, a three-chamber deep cleaning septic tank would be the best option.
Note!
When installing a storage septic tank in a country house (read about the laying of external engineering networks and communications on the page), you should take care of its regular cleaning.
If the volume of wastewater turns out to be significant, the call for a sewage truck will have to be done often.
In terms of costs, this can be more expensive than installing a more advanced two- or three-chamber model.
Important! SNiP install the minimum required size of the septic tank chambers. It must contain the amount of waste generated in the house within 3 days.
Type of soil on the site and the depth of groundwater
This factor matters only if the choice is made in favor of a septic tank with post-treatment of water in the filtration fields.
Soils are suitable for its installation with high water permeability. On heavy clay soils, the organization of natural filtration is difficult.
In this case, it will be necessary to excavate part of the soil, replacing it with a mixture of crushed stone and sand. Carrying out these works will require time and a significant amount of investment.
Septic tank of biological and chemical treatment will be more profitable.
Comment! For the organization of a storage septic tank, the type of soil only affects the labor intensity of work on preparing the site and building the structure.
Sorting by materials of manufacture
For autonomous treatment facilities, septic tanks are built on site or purchased industrial options.
The first include brick septic tanks, monolithic or precast concrete, improvised materials.
More expensive, but, undoubtedly, absolutely, a ready-made septic tank will become a reliable option.
In the assortment of manufacturers - stations with cases made of polymers or fiberglass.
Advantages of purchased products:
- a wide choice of performance - from mini-septic tanks, sufficient for a house with 1-2 people, to semi-industrial plants that can process the effluents of a small village;
- absolute reliability and tightness;
- delivery of ready-to-work devices, thereby reducing the time to commission the plant;
- complete set with all necessary equipment and means of cleaning.
Attention! Septic tanks with housings made of polymers or fiberglass require protection from floating when the groundwater level rises and destruction under pressure of soil masses or displacement of soil layers.
For this purpose, purchased stations are installed in concrete pits, and they are anchored - fastening the tanks to the walls and bottom of the pit with nylon straps.
Installation options
Both purchased installations and septic tanks of our own manufacture are carried out in vertical and horizontal versions.
Vertical structures are designed for installation with deepening into the ground.
This is their problem - on heavy soils or when groundwater is close to the surface, installation work is laborious and requires the use of special equipment and special techniques to ensure reliability and environmental safety.
Horizontal septic tanks are usually an option for surface mounting.
To ensure the required performance (volume of effluents), such structures occupy a significant area, which for limited land ownership spaces (for example, on summer cottages) creates additional problems.
How to understand which septic tank is best for a house with permanent, year-round living? Watch the video and get answers to your questions about efficient household waste collection and recycling equipment.
