How to conduct heating in a 2-storey private house. Heating of a two-story house

Vacation home - great place for permanent residence, the opportunity to forget about the bustle of the city forever, to be alone with nature. But in order for the house to really be comfortable, and life in it brings only joy, you need to take care of right choice heating system.

A carefully designed heating scheme for a two-story house (the most common configuration for country cottages) will not only achieve good heat distribution, but also save money.

Heating system of a two-story house: design features

A feature of the heating system for a two-story house is the need for an additional rise in the coolant to a certain height.

As a rule, heating at 2 storey building consists of several main devices, among which are:

• the boiler itself;
• pipelines;
• radiators;
• fitting;
• various sensors;
• regulators.

Having correctly selected all the components of the complex, it is possible to ensure that the heating circuit of a 2-storey building will function like a clock. In addition, proper installation will help maintain a comfortable indoor climate, reduce overall heating costs, regardless of the type of fuel.

Schemes of heating systems for a two-story house: choose the preferred one

To date, the heating system of a 2-storey building can be the most diverse: from a collector to a two-pipe wiring of highways.

It should be noted that a single-pipe (implies a series connection of radiators) system does not allow one of the radiators to be blocked or regulated, and therefore is used less often, and a two-pipe one is preferred to it.

The modern two-pipe heating scheme of a 2-storey building is distinguished by its versatility and practicality. The design of such a system involves a separate connection to each of the heating units of two pipes - the supply and removal of the coolant.

A two-pipe system differs from a single-pipe system in the order of connection radiators. At the same time, experts recommend installing a control valve in front of each radiator with their own hands - this will achieve greater efficiency.

As for the collector system, the price of which is slightly higher than that of a one- or two-pipe system, it is also popular among owners of two-story country houses.

The advantage of such a heating scheme is that the installation of pipelines is hidden, and therefore the interior of the room does not deteriorate at all. As you can see in many photos and videos on the Internet, a house with a collector heating system looks interesting and stylish.

Collector heating system: features of the popular scheme

The main design difference of the collector heating system can be called the fact that the instruction involves the installation of a boiler on the first floor and an expansion tank on the second.

As for concealed installation, the pipelines in this type of system are placed directly under the floor, ceiling or window sills.

It should be noted that the efficiency of the collector heating system is also achieved by installing a separate control valve on each radiator. This is very convenient, because depending on the needs, in each room you can create your own comfortable climate.

Pipelines for the heating system of a two-story house: which ones to choose

Distribution of the heating system in two-story house can be produced using a variety of pipes. If it is necessary to achieve a high heat transfer coefficient and good thermal conductivity, then copper pipes are chosen.

In addition, such pipelines also perfectly resist corrosion, withstand high pressure and temperature.

More budget option for a two-story house, you can call the use of metal plastic pipes wires. The cost of such pipes is almost an order of magnitude lower than that of copper pipes, and they also differ in their quality.

Important! Be sure to install an expansion tank on your heating system. Thanks to him, your system will remain intact.

It should be noted that deposits from the coolant do not remain on the inner surface of plastic pipes, and therefore efficiency is not lost over time.

Working on a project for a modern heating system country house with two floors, it is important to remember that the scheme must not only be efficient, but also durable.

As a rule, when developing such projects, truly professional specialists prefer the most productive systems that can work for 20 or more years without causing any complaints.

Properly and wisely approaching the selection of a heating system for a country house, you can get a lot of advantages:

• Efficient home heating with minimal heat loss;
• Significant savings in heat payment are achieved due to reduced fuel consumption and increased heat transfer of the system, including pipelines and radiators;
• Reliability, no problems with the system and, as a result, unnecessary financial costs.

Let's choose the best one.

During the construction process and long before the foundation is laid, many issues related to heating arise. Every owner wants to achieve positive results by following the path of least resistance.

Scheme with natural circulation

Considering a private 2-storey house, you can pay attention to the system, which involves the natural circulation of water. The choice of drawing will depend on the layout and area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe building. But the most widespread and familiar for country houses and summer cottages is just such a scheme. It is not much different from the one used in the arrangement of heating systems for one-story buildings.

When choosing such heating schemes for a private 2-storey house, you must remember about the wiring features, which provide for the need to choose a place for installing an expansion tank. There is no need to place it in the attic, you can limit yourself to the second floor. The tank can be anywhere. Of course, this should be the highest point in the room. The master must ensure the possibility of discharging water. If you use a similar method of devices, then the liquid will flow from above. Thanks to this, the heating of the radiators will be uniform, as regards heated rooms.

In order to direct the movement of water, the pipes are located at a slight angle of 3-5 degrees. The diameter of the return pipeline should increase as it approaches the boiler equipment. If just such heating schemes for a private 2-storey house are used, then the supply pipeline can be placed under ordinary window sills or ceilings.

Advantages of a natural circulation heating scheme

It is important to consider the advantages of the scheme described above before starting installation work. There are enough of them. First of all, I want to note the reliability of the design. In addition, among the positive aspects, ease of operation, quiet operation, and independence from the supply of electricity should be highlighted.

Scheme Disadvantages

If you decide to use the above-described heating project for a 2-storey private house, then you should also remember the disadvantages, which in this case are much more than the pros. First of all, it is worth highlighting the complexity of installation work and the need to lay pipes with a slope. Among other things, the heated area will be small. The system will not have enough pressure to heat the house if its area is more than 130 square meters.

You should also be aware of low efficiency and a significant temperature difference between return and supply. The latter circumstance negatively affects the operation of boiler equipment. The internal surfaces of the system will be subject to corrosion, since oxygen will be present in the coolant. Home owners need to constantly monitor the condition of the evaporating water, which implies the need to add it. As a result, scale may form on the pipes. The use of antifreeze is unacceptable for the same reason. As another drawback, it is worth highlighting the significant material consumption of the system.

Varieties of schemes with forced circulation

Do-it-yourself heating of a private 2 can also be arranged according to the principle of a system operating due to forced circulation of water. According to professionals, the following schemes will be the easiest to install: single-pipe, two-pipe and manifold. First, let's analyze the first type.

made by hand

When using this scheme, the movement of the coolant will divide the heating devices into two branches. One of them goes to the first floor, while the other - to the second. Shut-off valves are installed on each floor at the pipe inlet. It will heat only half of the rooms. After the pipes with the coolant pass through the heating devices, they will be combined into one system that will fit the boiler equipment. The batteries on each floor will be connected according to the same method that is used in the conditions of one-story buildings.

If you have chosen the heating scheme described above for a 2-storey private house, shut-off valves must be installed at the inlet of each heater. This is necessary to adjust the heating level of the radiator and balance the system. Shut-off valves are installed at the outlet of the batteries, which is used to turn off the radiator during repair and replacement. If you use such a connection scheme, then it will be possible to change heating devices without stopping the system and without draining the water. To release air, a valve is installed on each battery in the upper part.

Such a heating scheme for a 2-storey private house involves the installation of batteries with a bypass line. This improves the uniformity of the heating of the building. It is possible to install heaters without a bypass. In this case, radiators of different thermal power should be installed in the house, taking into account the loss of water cooling. This indicates that the farther the battery is from the boiler, the more sections it should have. If you neglect this rule, then it will be hot in some rooms, and cold in others.

Heating scheme without shutoff valves

When a do-it-yourself heating system of a private 2-storey house is being installed, stop valves may not be used. Rather, it can be used in smaller quantities. However, under such conditions, maneuverability will be reduced. In this case, there is no need to talk about separate heating of the second and first floors.

The main advantages and disadvantages of a single-pipe heating system

Using such heating schemes for a private 2-storey house, you ensure ease of installation. At the same time, homeowners receive efficient heat transfer, as well as savings on materials. Among the disadvantages of the heating scheme, one can single out the uneven distribution of heat over the radiators and the need to balance the system. However, all these shortcomings are completely devoid of a two-pipe system, which works due to the forced circulation of water.

Forced circulation circuit

Two-pipe system with forced circulation guarantees even heat distribution. It is effective and is sometimes compared to the human circulatory system. In it, the coolant is supplied to each radiator through a branch coming from a common supply pipe. The presence of a branch is also provided in the return pipeline of each radiator.

Batteries are installed with an air outlet device and shut-off valves at the supply. This allows you to change the heating level of the heater. In order to increase safety and eliminate excess pressure in the radiator, shut-off valves are not installed on the return pipe from the battery. A supply pipe can be laid under the windowsill or ceiling. It is perfectly acceptable to equip such a heating of a private 2-storey house with your own hands. The schemes presented in the article will allow you to carry out these works without resorting to the help of specialists.

The main disadvantage of the two-pipe system is the high material consumption. For return and supply pipes will be needed in duplicate. Among other things, they are difficult to decorate, and it is not always possible to hide them, which spoils the interior of the premises. All of the above disadvantages are completely devoid of a collector circuit.

Description of the collector circuit

Such a system can be successfully used for a one-story or two-story house. It functions due to the forced movement of water, which is previously supplied to the collector. In this case, each heater must be connected through a shut-off valve to the collector. In the role of advantages, it is worth highlighting the possibility of dismantling and installing radiators on a working system, from which it will not be necessary to drain the coolant and stop it.

The system is easy to manage. Each circuit is independent and is connected to a separate automatic control system with its own circulation pump. In tandem with this heating system, you can use a warm floor. Pipes are laid in a raised floor, and are also located in a separate cabinet. Such heating of a private 2-storey house can be easily installed with your own hands. Schemes, photos of such drawings can be found in the article.

Recommendations for installing heating appliances in a two-story house

If you want to ensure a uniform distribution of heat throughout the home, then it is important to correctly calculate the length of the main line, take into account the level of insulation of the house, as well as the presence of window and doorways. Heating efficiency will also depend on the correct placement heating equipment, this primarily applies to radiators. The battery should be located under the window, and rising above it warm air will block cold masses from the window. In this way, you will be able to eliminate cold air zones. When the heating system of a private 2-storey house is being equipped with your own hands, it is important to think about such premises as the boiler room, entrance hall and corridor. For them, one kilowatt of thermal power per 10 square meters will be enough.

For the bathroom, kitchen and hall, 1.2 kilowatts per 10 square meters will be needed. For the nursery and bedroom, the level of thermal power should be increased to 1.5 kilowatts for the same area. The thermal efficiency will depend on the ceilings, floor and wall material. In order to reduce costs, as well as ensure optimal heating in each room, you should use thermal regulators. The material of the battery will influence the system parameters. Today as the best option act aluminum batteries. Bimetallic radiators are distinguished by high parameters, however, you will have to pay more for them.

If you know that the water quality in the heating system is rather low, then you should not use aluminum radiators which are most sensitive to aggressive conditions. Hard or contaminated water will also affect equipment longevity and system performance. But steel and cast iron batteries will last much longer. These factors do not have a negative impact on them.

Piping material

The heating system of a 2-storey private house should be equipped using a high-quality pipeline. Modern technologies almost never used metal pipes, since corrosion processes are the reasons for the failure of such products. Considering that autonomous systems use less pressure of the working fluid, it is better to use a plastic pipeline.

The autonomous heating system of a private country house is in itself a very difficult project in terms of planning and practical implementation. It is required to take into account a lot of nuances, to carry out the necessary thermotechnical calculations, correctly select all the equipment required for the system by type and technical specifications, determine the schemes for its installation and laying the necessary communications, competently carry out installation and carry out commissioning work. All this is done in order to create in residential premises the most optimal microclimate was fully combined with the ease of operation of the heating system, the reliability of its operation and, in without fail- with the greatest possible economy.

Well, if a heating scheme for a 2-storey private house is being developed, then the task becomes even more difficult. Not only is the number of rooms and the length of thermal routes increasing. It is important to achieve the necessary uniform distribution of heat in all rooms, regardless of which floor they are located on and what area they have.

This publication will consider the main elements of the heating system of a private house and provide several schemes that have already been tested in operation. Of course, it is necessary to mention the advantages and disadvantages of each of the options.

What are the heating systems?

First of all, it is necessary to consider and compare two basic schemes - open and closed heating systems. What is their main difference?

A coolant circulates through the pipes - a liquid with a high heat capacity, transferring thermal energy from the place of heating - a heating boiler, to heat exchange points - radiators, convectors, underfloor heating circuits, etc. Like any physical body, a liquid has the property of expanding with increasing temperature. But, unlike, for example, gases, it is an incompressible substance, that is, it is tedious to provide a place for the emerging excess volume so that the pressure in the pipes, according to the laws of thermodynamics, does not increase to critical values.

To do this, an expansion tank is provided in any heating system with a liquid coolant. Its design and installation location predetermine the division of heating systems into closed and open ones.

• The principle of the device of an open heating system is shown in the diagram:

1 - heating boiler.

2 - supply pipe (riser).

3 - expansion tank open type.

4 - heating radiators.

5 - "return" pipe

6 - pumping unit.

The expansion tank is an open container of factory or handicraft production. It has an inlet pipe that is connected to the supply riser. It can be supplemented with nozzles to protect against overflow when filling the system, to make up for the lack of coolant (water).

The main condition is that the expansion tank itself must be installed at the highest point of the system. This is necessary, firstly, so that excess coolant simply does not overflow outward according to the rule of communicating vessels, and secondly, it serves as an effective air vent- all gas bubbles formed during the operation of the system rise up and freely escape into the atmosphere.

Under number 6 in the diagram shows the pumping unit. Although very often open-type systems are organized according to the principle of natural circulation of the coolant, installing a pump never hurts. Moreover, if you tie it correctly, with a bypass loop and stopcocks, this will make it possible, as necessary, to switch from natural circulation to forced circulation and vice versa.

By the way, installing an open expansion tank at the top of the supply pipe is not at all a mandatory rule. Here are possible options, the choice of which is made based on the specific features of a particular heating system:

a - the tank is located at the highest point of the main supply pipe extending from the boiler. You could say it's a classic.

b - the expansion tank is connected by a pipe to the "return". Sometimes you have to resort to this arrangement, although it has a significant drawback - the tank does not fully perform the functions air vent, and in order to avoid gas locks, such a device will have to install special taps on risers or directly on heating radiators.

c - the tank is installed on the far supply riser.

d - a rare location of the tank with the pump unit directly after it on the supply pipe.

• Below is a diagram of a closed-type heating system:

The numbering of common elements is retained by analogy with the previous scheme. What are the main differences?

The system has a hermetic expansion tank (7), which has a special design. It is divided by a special elastic membrane into two halves - a water and an air chamber.

This tank works very simply. With the thermal expansion of the coolant, its excess enters the closed tank, increasing the volume of the water chamber due to stretching or deformation of the membrane. Accordingly, the pressure in the opposite air chamber increases. When the temperature drops, air pressure pushes the heat transfer fluid back into the system pipes.

Prices for expansion tanks

expansion tank

Such an expansion tank can be installed almost anywhere in the heating system. Very often it is located in close proximity to the boiler on the "return" pipe.

Since the system is completely sealed, you should protect yourself from a critical increase in pressure in it in case of emergency. This determines the obligatory nature of another element - safety valve, adjusted to a certain threshold. This device is usually included the so-called "security group"(on the diagram - No. 8). Its standard equipment includes:

"Security Group" assembled

1 – control and measuring a device for visual monitoring of the state of the system: a pressure gauge or a combined device - a pressure gauge-thermometer.

2 - automatic air vent.

3 – safety valve with a preset upper pressure threshold or with the possibility of self-regulation of this parameter.

The security group is usually placed in such a way that it is easy to monitor the state of the system. Often it is installed right next to the boiler. In this case, the upper sections of the heating system will require additional air vents on risers or on radiators.

Systems with natural and forced circulation

The principles of natural and forced circulation have already been mentioned in passing, but it is worth considering them more closely.

• The natural movement of the coolant along the heating circuits is explained by the laws of physics - the difference in the density of hot and cooled liquids. To understand the principle, take a look at the diagram:

1 - point of primary heat exchange, boiler, where the cooled coolant receives heat from external energy sources.

2 - heated coolant supply pipe.

3 - point of secondary heat exchange - a heating radiator installed in the room. It must be located above the boiler by an amount h.

4 - pipe "reverse", going from the radiators to the boiler.

The density of a hot liquid (Rgor) is always much less than that of a cooled one (Rohl). The heated coolant, therefore, cannot have any significant effect on a denser substance. Therefore, you can conditionally remove the upper "red" part of the diagram, and consider the processes in the "return" pipe.

It turns out "classic" communicating vessels, one of which is located above the other. Such hydraulic system always strives for balance - to ensure an equal level in both vessels. Due to the excess of one over the other in the return pipe, a constant flow of liquid occurs towards the boiler. Such a naturally created pressure, with proper planning of the wiring, is sufficient for the general circulation of the coolant in a closed heating circuit.

You might be interested in knowing what is

The greater the excess of radiators above the boiler (h), the more active the natural movement of the liquid, but it should not exceed 3 meters. Very often, in order to achieve the optimal location, the boiler is installed in the basement or basement. If this is not possible, then they try to slightly lower the level of the floor in the boiler room.

To facilitate and stabilize natural circulation, it is also assisted by gravity - all pipes of the circuit are placed with a slope (from 5 to 10 mm per linear meter).

• The forced circulation system provides for the mandatory installation of a special electric pump of the required capacity.

As already mentioned, the system can be combined - a properly connected pump will allow switching from one circulation principle to another. This is especially important in cases where the electricity supply in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bresidence is not stable.

The optimal location for the pump is the "return" pipe before entering the boiler. This, of course, is not a dogma, but in this area it will be less affected by high coolant temperatures and will last longer. Currently, they are increasingly being purchased, which structurally already contain a circulation pump with the required parameters.

Prices different types heating boilers

heating boiler

Advantages and disadvantages of various systems

First of all, it should be noted that there is no clear division of systems at once according to the two mentioned parameters. Thus, an open system can operate on the principles of both natural and forced circulation, depending on its design features. The same can be said to a certain extent about a closed hermetic system, although already- with certain assumptions.

But if we consider the projects presented on the Internet, we can see that an open system often involves natural circulation or combined, with the possibility of switching. Closed heating circuits most often provide for the installation of forced circulation - this way they work more correctly and are easier to adjust.

So, consider the main advantages and disadvantages of both systems.

First - about virtues open system with natural circulation.

• In an open type system, the expansion tank performs several functions at once.

- Such a scheme does not require the installation of a safety group, since the pressure can never reach critical values.

- Installing an expansion tank at the highest point on the supply pipe ensures the spontaneous release of accumulated gas bubbles. Most often, this is quite enough, and installing additional air vents not required.

• The system is extremely reliable in terms of operation, as it does not contain complex components. In fact, the term of its "life" is determined only by the condition of the pipes and radiators.
• There is no complete dependence on the power supply, no electricity is consumed.
• The absence of electromechanical components is the noiselessness of the heating operation.
• Nothing prevents equipping the system with forced circulation.
• The system has an interesting property of self-regulation - the intensity of the circulation of the coolant depends on the rate of its cooling in the radiators, that is, on the air temperature in the premises. The higher the heat, the lower the flow rate. This often allows you to balance the system without the use of complex adjustment devices.

Now about her shortcomings:

• The rule of installing an expansion tank at the highest point often leads to the need for its location in the attic. If the attic is cold, then mandatory reliable thermal insulation of the tank will be required - to prevent serious heat losses and to avoid freezing at low winter temperatures.
• An open tank does not prevent contact of the coolant with the atmosphere. And this, in turn, entails two negative points:

- Firstly, the coolant evaporates, so you need to monitor its level. In addition, this limits the owners in choosing a coolant - the evaporation of antifreeze entails certain material costs. Moreover, the concentration of chemical components may also change, and for some boilers (for example, electrolyte boilers) this is unacceptable.

- Secondly, the liquid is constantly saturated with oxygen from the air. This leads to the activation of corrosion processes (steel and aluminum radiators are especially affected). And the second negative is increased gas formation during the heating process.

Aluminum radiators for open heating systems are of little use

• Such a system causes certain difficulties during installation - it is necessary to maintain the required slope level. In addition, pipes are required different diameter, including a large one, since for each section during natural circulation it is necessary to observe the desired section. This circumstance also complicates the installation and leads to significant material costs, especially when using metal pipes.
• The possibilities of such a system are very limited - if the hydraulic resistance of the pipes is too far from the boiler, the hydraulic resistance of the pipes may be higher than the natural pressure of the liquid created, and circulation will become impossible. By the way, this completely excludes the possibility of using "warm floors" without special additional equipment.
• The system is very inert, especially during a "cold start". A serious starting “impulse” is required, that is, a start to a break at high power in order to ensure the beginning of the circulation of the liquid. For the same reasons - there are certain difficulties in fine balancing the system by floors and rooms.

Now let's look at a closed system with forced circulation.

Her dignity:

• Subject to the correct selection of the circulation pump, the system is not limited either by the number of storeys of the building or by the size in the plan.
• Forced circulation provides faster and more uniform heating of radiators during start-up. It is much easier to fine-tune.
• Evaporation of the coolant and its saturation with oxygen does not occur. There are no restrictions on the type of liquid or on the type of radiators.
• The tightness of the system prevents air from entering the pipes and radiators. Gas formation in the liquid gradually disappears over time, and is easily eliminated air vents.
• It is possible to use pipes of smaller diameter. When installing them, no slope is required.
• The expansion tank can be installed in any place convenient for the owners in a heated room - the possibility of its freezing is completely excluded.
• The temperature difference at the outlet of the boiler and in the "return" with stable heating operation is significantly less. This circumstance significantly increases the service life of the equipment.
• Such a system is the most flexible in terms of the use of heating devices. It is suitable for "classic" radiators, and for convectors and "thermal curtains", wall-mounted or hidden, and for "warm floor" circuits.

disadvantages few, but they are still there:

• For correct operation, it will be necessary to carry out a preliminary calculation of all components of the system - a boiler, radiators, a circulation pump, an expansion tank, in order to achieve full consistency in their functioning.
• It is impossible to do without setting a "security group".
• Perhaps the most important drawback is the dependence on the stability of the supply of electricity.

Most likely, this will require the purchase and installation of uninterruptible power supplies (if the design does not provide for the possibility of switching to natural circulation with a non-volatile boiler).

You may be interested in information about what they are

Prices for uninterruptible power supplies

uninterruptable power source

Wiring diagrams in a two-story house

How to breed heating pipes in a two-story house? There are several schemes, from the simplest to the most complex.

First of all, you need to decide whether the system will be one-pipe or two-pipe.

• An example of a one-pipe system is shown in the diagram:

One-pipe system is the most imperfect

Heating radiators seem to be "strung" on one pipe, which is looped from the outlet to the inlet to the boiler and through which both the supply and removal of the coolant are carried out. The obvious advantages of such a scheme are its simplicity and minimal consumption of materials during installation. Unfortunately, that's where her goodness ends.

It is quite obvious that the temperature of the liquid drops from radiator to radiator. Thus, in rooms located closer to the boiler room, the temperature of the batteries will be significantly higher than in rooms located further away. Of course, this can be compensated to some extent by a different number of heating sections, but this is seen only in small houses. Given that the article is about a two-story building, then such a scheme is unlikely to be the best solution.

Some of the problems are solved during the installation of a single-pipe system - "Leningradka", the diagram of which is shown in the figure below. The input and output of each battery in this case are interconnected by a bypass jumper, and the heat loss as it moves away from the boiler is no longer so significant.

The Leningradka scheme eliminates some of the problems

"Leningradka" lends itself to even greater modernization. So, a control valve can be installed on the bypass. The same valves can be installed on one or even both radiator pipes (shown by arrows). This immediately opens up wide opportunities for finer tuning of the heating system for each room separately. Access to each radiator appears - it can, if necessary, simply be turned off or removed for replacement, without violating the performance of the entire circuit.

Improved "Leningrad" with shut-off and balancing valves

By the way, with its flexibility, simplicity, low consumption of pipes, Leningradka has gained immense popularity - it can often be found in one-story houses(especially with a pronouncedly large perimeter of the walls), and in high-rise buildings. It is quite suitable for a two-story mansion.

And yet it is not without flaws. The possibility of connecting floor heating circuits, heated towel rails, etc. to it is completely excluded. In addition, the mutual arrangement of rooms, doors, exits to balconies and etc.. it is not always possible to stretch pipes around the entire perimeter, and the "Leningrad" ultimately should be a closed ring.

• A two-pipe heating system is much more perfect. Although it will require more materials and will be more difficult to install, it is still preferable to dwell on it.

In fact, it attaches supply and return pipes running parallel to each other. The radiators are connected with branch pipes to each of them. An example is shown in the diagram:

The radiators are connected to the supply and return pipes in parallel, and each of them does not affect the operation of the others in any way. Each “point” can be very precisely adjusted individually - for this, jumper bypasses (pos. 1) are used, on which balancing valves (pos. 2) or even three-way adjusting thermostatic valves (pos. 3) can be installed, constantly maintaining a stable temperature heating a particular battery.

The advantages of a two-pipe system are undeniable:

• The total heating temperature at the inlet to all radiators is maintained.
• The total pressure losses from the hydraulic resistance of pipes are significantly reduced. This means that a smaller pump can be installed.
• Any of the radiators can be disabled or even removed for repair or replacement - this will not affect the system as a whole.
• The system is very versatile, and it is quite possible to connect any heat exchange devices to it - radiators, underfloor heating (through special collector cabinets), convectors, fan coil units, etc.

Perhaps the only drawback of the two-pipe system is its material consumption and the complexity of installation. In addition, calculations during its design will also increase.

One of the complex, but very effective options for a two-pipe system is a collector or beam wiring. In this case, from two collectors - supply and return, two individual pipes are stretched to each radiator. This, of course, complicates installation many times over - and incomparably more material will be required, and it is more difficult to hide the collector wiring (usually it is placed under the floor surface). But on the other hand, the adjustment of such a scheme is highly accurate, and can be carried out from one place - from a manifold cabinet equipped with all the necessary adjustment and safety equipment.

By the way, on the scale of a two-story building, it is very often necessary to resort to combining connection schemes, two-pipe and one-pipe, in separate areas, where it is more profitable and easier in terms of installation, and does not affect the overall heating efficiency.

Next important question- floor-by-floor piping.

Two main options are used. The first is a system of vertical risers, each of which provides both floors with heat at the same time. And the second is a scheme with the so-called horizontal risers (or rather, they will be called “sunbeds”), in which each floor has its own wiring.

An example of wiring with risers is shown in the figure:

IN this option risers with bottom wiring are presented. From the horizontal sunbeds of the first floor, the supply pipes are understood upwards, and the “return pipes” return here. In this case, at the upper end of each riser, it would be advisable to place air vent.

There is another option - risers with top feed. In this case, the supply pipe leaving the boiler immediately rises up, already on the second floor or even in the upper technical room, vertical risers are connected to it, penetrating the structure from top to bottom.

The riser scheme is convenient if the floor layout is largely the same, and the radiators are located one above the other. In addition, it is this option that will be optimal when it is decided to nevertheless apply open system heating with natural circulation - in this case, the most important task is to minimize the length of horizontal (inclined) sections, and the risers do not seriously resist the flow of the coolant from top to bottom.

An example of such a system is shown in the following diagram:

From the boiler (item 1) rises a common supply pipe of large diameter, which enters a large volume expansion tank (item 3), located at the top of the system approximately in the center between the risers. The solution is quite interesting - the expansion tank simultaneously plays the role of a kind of collector, from which the supply pipes to the vertical risers radiate in all directions. Radiators of both floors (pos. 4) are connected to the risers, the fine adjustment of which is carried out by special valves (pos. 5).

As already mentioned, systems with natural circulation are quite demanding on the exact selection of conditional pipe diameters. In the diagram, these are shown with letter designations:

a - dy = 65 mm

b - dy = 50 mm

c - dy = 32 mm

d - dy = 25 mm

e - dy = 20 mm

The disadvantage of a system with risers is considered to be its rather complicated execution - you will have to organize several interfloor transitions through the ceiling. In addition, vertical risers are almost impossible to "remove from the eyes" - this can be important for those owners who decorative trim rooms are prioritised.

An example of a two-pipe system with individual wiring for each floor is shown in the following diagram:

Here - only two vertical risers located side by side - for filing and for return. This principle looks quite rational from the point of view of installation, it allows you to completely turn off the whole floor in case it is temporarily not used for any reason. In addition, this installation of pipes allows you to almost completely hide them from view by closing flooring and leaving outside only the inlet and outlet pipes of the radiators.

In fact, each floor can have its own scheme, depending on the layout of the rooms. There are many options for the location of pipes and the connection of radiators for floor wiring. Some of them are shown in the diagram, where a conditional division into three floors is carried out.

• Conditional first floor - a simple two-pipe wiring of a "dead-end" type with an oncoming movement of the coolant was used. The scheme has its own characteristics. The supply and return pipes are mounted parallel to each other until the very end of the branch (there can be several branches - two are shown in the diagram). The diameter of the pipes gradually narrows from radiator to radiator. It is very important to provide balancing valves, otherwise radiators installed closer to the boiler are able to close the coolant flow through themselves, leaving the subsequent heat exchange points unheated.
• On the second floor is shown the so-called loopTichelman» . A very successful scheme in which the flows in the supply and return flow go in the same direction. Provides a diagonal connection of batteries - input from above and output from below - this is considered optimal in terms of heat transfer. Very often, with such a scheme, balancing of radiators is not even required. But there is an important condition - the pipes must necessarily be of the same diameter.
• The third floor is equipped according to the already mentioned collector scheme. From two collectors there is an individual wiring to each radiator with pipes of exactly the same diameter. The system is the most convenient in fine tuning. It is it that should be used if it is planned to install the contours of the "warm floor". It is desirable that the collectors be located as close as possible to the center of the floor - in order to maintain the approximate proportionality of the lengths of all the "rays" extending from them.

There are many other wiring options in a two-story house, and it will not work to consider all of them on the scale of one article. In addition, much depends on the "geometry", the architectural features of the house, and to develop " universal recipes' is simply impossible. In such matters, it is better to trust experienced specialists - they will help you choose the right scheme for specific conditions.

You may be interested in information about what is

Video: useful information on radiator heating schemes

Basics of calculating the main elements of the heating system

It is not enough to determine the type of heating system and the piping scheme - it is necessary to clearly determine the operational parameters in order to correctly acquire and install its main necessary elements - a heating boiler, heating radiators, an expansion tank, a circulation pump.

How to calculate the required boiler power?

There are many methods for calculating this indicator. Very often you can find recommendations to proceed from the total area of ​​​​heated premises in the house, and then carry out calculations at the rate of 100 W per 1 m².

Such a recommendation has the right to life, and can give a general idea of ​​the required heat output. However, it is rather suitable for very average conditions, and does not take into account a number of important features that directly affect the heat loss of the house. Therefore, it is better not to be lazy, and carry out the calculation more carefully.

The best way to approach the matter is as follows. To begin with, draw a table in which, by floor, list all the rooms where heating devices will be installed. For example, it might look like this:

Having a house plan in front of your eyes and having information about the features of your home, walking around it, if necessary, with a tape measure, it will not be difficult at all to collect all the necessary data for calculations.

Then it remains to sit down for the calculations. But we will not bore readers with a long formula and tables of coefficients. In a nutshell - the calculation is carried out on the basis of their already mentioned standard of 100 W / m². But this takes into account many amendments that affect the required power of the heating system to maintain comfortable temperature and compensation for heat losses. All these correction factors are included in the calculator offered to your attention - you just need to enter the requested data and get the result.

Calculator for calculating the required heat output of a heating boiler

The calculation is carried out for each room separately and the result is entered in the table. And then it remains only to find the amount - this will be the minimum heat output that the heating boiler should produce. Naturally, when choosing a model, you can also lay down a “reserve”, about 20%.

Make sure that with the help of a calculator, the calculation will take very little time!

The topic of this article is a diagram of a two-pipe heating system for a two-story house and its practical implementation. The reader and I will have to figure out how to wire the heating and connect the heating devices, how to achieve uniform heating of all batteries, which pipes and radiators to purchase for the installation of the heating system. Let's get started.

Why two-pipe

Why should the heating scheme be exactly two-pipe?

Because, compared with a simpler single-pipe Leningrad, it allows you to achieve more uniform heating of the batteries. With a long single-pipe circuit, the temperature difference between the supply and return will inevitably become noticeable and will force you to increase the size of the radiators, which is unprofitable and not always applicable from the point of view of room design.

A multi-section battery is a dubious decoration for a living room.

Note that a single pipe system is cheaper to install (simply because of the shorter total fill length) and more fault tolerant. As long as there is a pressure difference at the ends of the filling, stopping the circulation in it is impossible in principle.

One-pipe Leningradka is a leader in fault tolerance.

Device

All schemes of a two-pipe heating system of a two-story house have one thing in common: they have separate supply and return bottlings. Spills are interconnected by jumpers with heating devices installed in their gap.

Top and bottom pouring

Depending on the location of the bottling of the supply, schemes with lower and upper bottling are distinguished.

• In the first case, both the supply and return lines of the circuit are located in the basement and are connected by paired risers. Those, in turn, are interconnected by jumpers located in the rooms of the upper floor or in the attic;

Move jumpers to cold attic- not really good idea. When the circuit stops in cold weather, the water hangs in the risers, and the pipes in the attic are stuck with ice within an hour after the heating is turned off.

• In the second case, the supply is routed through the attic, and the return line through the basement. Such a scheme greatly simplifies the discharge and start-up of the system: when resetting, it is enough to open the relief valve on the expansion tank located at the top filling point of the supply, and all the water hanging in the pipes will merge down; at startup, air is not bled on every jumper between, but only on the notorious vent in the expansion tank.

In my opinion, exactly top filling is the most convenient in terms of operation. In my memory, in houses with an upper supply location, there have never been serious accidents associated with defrosting heating, while in houses with a lower filling, radiators and eyeliners in the porches had to be warmed up every winter.

Gravitational and forced

A two-pipe heating system in a two-story private house can be implemented with forced circulation of the coolant (a circulation pump is used for this) or with natural circulation, due to the difference in the density of the hot and cold coolant.

Forced circulation schemes are beneficial in that:

• Provide a high speed of movement of the coolant and, accordingly, more uniform and faster heating of radiators;
• Allows you to get by with a smaller diameter of fillings.

Their main drawback is energy dependence: The pump requires 24/7 power. If the problem of short-term blackouts can be solved by installing an uninterruptible power supply, then a power outage lasting several days will leave your home without heat.

Systems with natural circulation are completely non-volatile.

How is such heating system?

• The boiler (usually solid fuel) is lowered as low as possible - into the basement or pit. The radiators are mounted above the boiler heat exchanger. The height difference between them, in fact, will provide circulation;

• Immediately after the boiler, an accelerating pipe is mounted - a vertical bottling section that rises to the ceiling of the second floor or to the attic. Through it, the water heated in the boiler rises to the upper point of the circuit, from where it moves along the spills by gravity, due to its own gravity. Hence, by the way, the name of such a system is “gravitational”.
• Immediately after the accelerating pipe, an open expansion tank is mounted, which at the same time performs the function of a safety valve and a filling funnel for filling the circuit with water. If the coolant boils, the steam will leave the filling through the tank lid. Through it, you can always add water to replace the discharged or evaporated;

• Both fillings - supply and return - are mounted with a slight constant slope in the direction of the coolant;
• The inner diameter of fillings is made as large as possible (not less than DN32, more often DN40 - DN50). Large diameter compensates for the minimum hydraulic head created by the temperature difference.

The hydraulic resistance decreases with an increase in the internal section of the pipe. The thicker the spills and eyeliners, the faster the water circulates in them.

How it works?

1. Heated by boiler hot water due to the reduced density, it is displaced to the upper point of the circuit by colder and denser masses of the coolant;
2. From there, it continues to move along the sloping bottling, gradually giving off heat to the air in the rooms through the heating devices;
3. The coolant that has given up heat returns to the boiler and is involved in a repeated circulation cycle.

The obvious disadvantages of the gravitational heating system are a large inertia, a significant temperature difference between the first and last batteries in the direction of water movement, and high costs for the installation of bottlings.

Where interruptions in power supply are of a periodic nature, the installation of combined heating systems is practiced. Actually, they are a classic gravity circuit with a circulation pump embedded in parallel with the filling. Between the tie-ins of the pump, a ball valve is mounted check valve.

This scheme works like this:

• When the pump is on, water flows through its tie-ins. Due to the excess pressure at the outlet of the pump, the check valve is closed;
• When the pump is turned off, the valve opens and the water continues to circulate slowly with natural impulse.

I emphasize: in such schemes only ball valves are used. A spring check valve requires a significant pressure drop to open. Even if it opens (which is unlikely), a significant part of the hydraulic head will be lost on it.

Convection and floor

The classic scheme of heating with wall or floor radiators is called convection: the heat is distributed by the ascending streams of heated air from the heaters. Unfortunately, the mixing of air with these streams is not effective enough: the temperature under the ceiling is always several degrees higher than at floor level.

Since the inhabitants of the house, as a rule, are not in the habit of spending their leisure time on the ceiling, stronger heating of the upper part of the volume of the room has only one consequence - an increase in heat loss through the ceiling and roof.

Warm floorhas no such disadvantage.. The pipes laid in the screed or under the finished flooring heat the room as much as possible exactly at the floor level, which makes it possible to achieve a comfortable temperature distribution at minimal cost.

Can the floor be combined with a two-pipe system? If all the heating of the house is done with low-temperature underfloor heating, then only the area between the boiler and the collectors will be two-pipe. Further wiring will be collector (beam).

You see, underfloor heating has a limit on maximum length circuit (100-120 meters), so home heating usually consists of several parallel-connected circuits.

If a warm floor is connected in parallel with high-temperature heating by radiators, it needs a temperature matching unit with a temperature sensor, a three-way or two-way valve and its own circulation pump.

The pump drives the coolant inside the low-temperature part of the circuit; the valve opens and lets a new portion of hot water into the pipes of the warm floor only when it cools to a certain temperature.

Balancing

What is balancing and why is it needed?

To explain this, I need to clarify a couple more concepts.

• The dead-end heating system of a private house is a circuit in which, when the coolant passes from the supply to the return thread, the direction of its movement changes to the opposite. Dead-end schemes are used if a panoramic window, a high opening or other obstacle interferes with the wiring along a closed ring;

• A passing system (it is also a Tichelman loop) means that water moves in the same direction both in the supply and in the return.

The Tichelman loop is actually several parallel circuits of the same length and the same hydraulic resistance. The temperature of the batteries in such a heating system will always be approximately the same.

Tichelman's loop - several parallel contours of the same length.

With a dead-end system, everything is much more complicated. Jumpers between the supply and return spills with radiators on them are several circuits of different lengths and, accordingly, with different hydraulic resistance.

As you might guess, the difference in hydraulic resistance will affect the rate of circulation of the coolant through the batteries near and far from the boiler. The main volume of water will move along a short path; distant devices will be noticeably colder, and in severe frosts they can even be defrosted. There were precedents in my memory, and more than once.

To solve this problem, the patency of the connections of the radiators closest to the boiler is artificially limited by throttling. For this purpose, chokes are used that allow you to make adjustments with your own hands, or thermal heads that regulate the patency in automatic mode and maintain the set temperature.

The temperature of the batteries after adjusting the throttles changes within half an hour - an hour. Manual balancing of a sufficiently large circuit can take up to two days.

materials

Radiators

In general, for autonomous system heating the best choice will be aluminum sectional batteries. With maximum (up to 200-210 watts per section) heat transfer, they are attracted by a very affordable price of the section (from 250 rubles).

Here is the formula for calculating the heat demand of a house: Q=V*Dt*k/860.

In it:

• Q-power in kW;
• V-volume of all heated premises in cubic meters;
• Dt - temperature difference inside and outside the house;
• k - coefficient determined by the quality of insulation of the house.

Two variables need comments.

Dt is calculated as the difference between the temperature corresponding to sanitary standards (20 degrees for regions with the temperature of the coldest five-day period of winter up to -31C and 22 for colder areas) and the temperature of the coldest five-day period.

Winter temperatures for some Russian cities. The value we need is in the first column.

The value of k can be taken from the following table:

Let's say, for a two-story house 6x12 meters in size and 7 meters high, located in Sevastopol (the temperature of the coldest five-day period is -11), without external insulation and with single-chamber double-glazed windows, the heat demand will be: 6 * 12 * 7 * (+20 - -11 )*1.5/860=18 kW.

With a thermal power of 18 kW and a section power declared by the manufacturer of 200 watts, their total number will be 18000/200 = 90 (for example, 9 radiators with 10 sections each).

Please note that the manufacturer's data is only valid for a temperature delta between the coolant and the room at 70C (say, 90/20). Heat transfer decreases in proportion to the temperature difference and at 60/25 will be only 100 watts per section.

Pipes

For heating wiring in a private house, you can safely use all types of high-temperature (with a declared operating temperature of 90C) plastic and metal-plastic pipes. I have aluminum-reinforced polypropylene installed at home; with the same success it was possible to choose metal-plastic on press fittings.

The fact is that the heating parameters in an autonomous circuit with a minimum sanity of its owner are controlled and absolutely stable:

• The coolant temperature is usually kept in the range of 50-75 degrees;
• The pressure in a closed system does not exceed 2.5 kgf/cm2.

Stability of pressure in a closed circuit with temperature fluctuations is ensured by a properly selected volume of the expansion tank. Usually it is taken equal to approximately 10% of the volume of the coolant in the circuit. Its amount is easiest to measure by filling the heating system with water and draining it into any measuring container.

And since all the parameters are predictable and stable, is it worth overpaying for reliability that simply will not be in demand?

For heating, you should not use only metal-plastic on compression fittings with union nuts. The instruction is due to the fact that it is very sensitive to the slightest assembly errors (in particular, to the displacement of the rubber sealing rings on the fitting) and often starts to leak at the joints after several heating and cooling cycles.

Using metal-polymer pipes with compression fittings for heating is not a good idea.

What should be diameter of connections to batteries and fillings?

The filling diameter depends on the way circulation is stimulated. I have already given the parameters for the gravitational system; for a circuit with forced circulation, the filling diameter is determined by the thermal load on it. Here are the data for the average coolant speed of 0.7 m/s (at this speed there are no hydraulic noises yet):

In practice, with a house area of ​​\u200b\u200bup to 200 meters, bottling is bought polypropylene pipe with a diameter of 25 mm, for connecting radiators - with a diameter of 20 mm.

Do not forget that only metal pipes are marked with a conditional passage approximately equal to the inner diameter. For plastic, the outer diameter and wall thickness are indicated. You can calculate the inner section of the pipe by subtracting twice the wall thickness from the outer diameter.

Boiler piping

At closed system with forced circulation it includes:

• Expansion tank;
• Circulation pump;
• Safety group - pressure gauge, safety valve and automatic air vent.

In addition, all radiators located above the filling are equipped with Mayevsky taps or automatic air vents. On staples higher pouring, the same air vents are placed, and on the brackets located below bottling - vents for complete drainage of pipes.

Some types of boilers boast a safety group, a pump and an expansion tank installed inside the body. Before you go shopping, do not be too lazy to study the description of the device.

Connecting radiators

For sectional radiators, three connection methods are possible:

1. Unilateral lateral;
2. Double-sided bottom;
3. Diagonal.

Which one to choose?

The answer depends on two factors:

• Number of battery sections;
• Its location relative to the filling and / or riser.

With a small length of the heater (up to 7-10 sections) and stand-up wiring, the side connection will be optimal. The difference in diameter between the radiator collectors and the vertical channels inside the section will ensure its uniform heating along the entire length.

If the number of sections is more than 10 and the heater is connected to a riser or a filling located above it, our choice is a diagonal connection. It will warm up all sections, regardless of their number.

With a long battery length and its location over bottlings more practical would be a two-way bottom connection.

Here are its benefits:

• The radiator will start heating immediately after the circuit is started, even without air bleeding. The air lock will be forced out by excess pressure into the upper manifold and will not interfere with circulation through the lower one. In this case, the sections will be heated over the entire height due to their own thermal conductivity;
• In an open heating circuit, periodic renewal of the coolant will contribute to the gradual silting of the batteries and a drop in their heat transfer. However, the continuous circulation of water through the lower collector will not allow silt to collect in it: the battery will not need to be flushed in principle. To flush the bottling, it is enough to bypass the circuit for discharge once every two or three years.

Conclusion

So, we got acquainted with the varieties of two-pipe systems and the features of their installation in a private house. For additional information, dear reader, you can study by watching the video in this article. I look forward to your additions and comments. Good luck, comrades!

It is extremely necessary for the construction of a house to have an accurate solution for the heating system, since it is associated with the comfort of residents when it is cold. The heating scheme is obliged to make heating the building of problems. This is due both to the exact selection and to the correct installation work.

The following must be available: a boiler for heating, a collector, a pipeline and a heating unit. Water in such a system circulates with the help of. Gas, kerosene, firewood, coal are used to warm up the boiler. This is also possible when using electricity or other alternatives.

Heating scheme with forced circulation

They are connected using soldering at high temperatures using solder that contains silver. Optionally, you can hide the pipes in the walls, which will be quite beautiful and convenient. The disadvantage of such pipes will be their considerable cost, but this disadvantage is the only one. Such pipes are very reliable and recommended. If properly installed, they can last for generations of residents. There will be no need to replace or repair pipes. This type of pipe is of high quality and quite reliable.

They have their advantages - they are convenient for installation, which even an installer without a specialized education can do, which will provide significant financial savings. In polymer pipes, there is no sedimentation inside, which means that these pipes will not clog very quickly and will be resistant to corrosive processes. The installation of such pipes occurs when using threaded or press-type connections without the use of welding. The disadvantage is a rather high rate of thermal expansion. This may cause a leak.

When, you need to think about the type of pipes that are most suitable for this building, taking into account alternative and emergency heating. It goes without saying that many factors have a material basis. But best solution will not save on the heating system. This factor will affect living conditions in winter and whether residents will be able to enjoy living in comfort and warmth.

The advice of professionals is to choose copper piping. Such a pipeline will be able to serve for a long time and reliably for its owners for a couple of generations. The price of such a pipeline will be higher, but the reliability will also be higher.

In buildings with two floors, the following schemes for heating distribution are most often used: collector, two-pipe and one-pipe.

Using the scheme is quite difficult to carry out adjustment. This is due to the fact that it is not possible to shut off one of the radiators, provided that all other heating devices are in operation. For this reason, when hot water is transferred from one radiator to another, it loses more and more temperature.

Single pipe wiring diagram

Wiring diagram better fit for houses with two floors.

Two-pipe wiring diagram

Due to the fact that each heating device has two pipes. Hot water flows through one. Through the second goes already cooled water. Another difference between this system and a single-pipe system is a different procedure for connecting heating devices. Professionals advise installing a regulating tank in front of all radiators.

For normal circulation in the building, the distance between the center of the boiler and the highest point of the supply line is sufficient. Under such conditions, it is possible to install an expansion tank on the floor above, and not in the attic. The supply pipe is laid at the bottom of the window sill or under the ceiling.

If a two-pipe type scheme with a natural circulation condition is used, this requires additional heating of all heating.

For this reason, additional installation with a circulation pump is recommended. This will give tangible savings time when turning on a similar system, like a heating model for a house with two floors. Under such conditions, heat will be more evenly distributed in the building.

In addition to installing batteries, in a house with two floors and when using a boiler with a built-in circulation pump, it is possible to install a "warm floor" system. It is also possible to connect a towel dryer on two floors at once.

Heating scheme with underfloor heating

When working on installation, it will be best to use or collector. This system is the most convenient and it is possible to adjust the temperature in all rooms. For all heating devices, two pipes are laid: return and direct. Collectors are mounted on all floors. It is important that they are in the closet, which is intended for this. All the shut-off valves are located in the same cabinet.

Provides the ability to implement a heating scheme with a hidden type of pipes. Installation is quite simple. For this reason, it can be produced even by an employee in the absence of professional skills.

Water-type heating can be carried out on one floor, and even at the same time on all. The boiler is recommended for installation only on the lower floor. On the second floor it is already possible to mount an expansion tank.

It is desirable that the pipes through which hot water flows are laid from below the window sill or under the ceiling. These will be the most vulnerable points for cold air. It will be important to install a separate tap for adjustment on all batteries.

When choosing a heating model, you will also need to make the right decision. Related to this is the extent to which it will be convenient for residents in frosty weather, the service life of the entire system and the frequency of the requirement for repair or replacement of pipes and other factors. If the choice turns out to be wrong, with plans for quick financial savings, it may be that there will be a constant need for repairs, replacements, hiring builders. This, in turn, will bring in cash. For this reason, there can be no question of financial savings.

The best solution would be to install high quality pipes, radiators and everything else at the very beginning. It is possible that at the moment all this will be more expensive, but at the same time there will be a long period of work and as a result it will be more economical in the future. Custom made heating system for a two-storey house using sustainable materials good quality, will be able to work for several generations.

Your contacts in this article from 500 rubles per month. Other mutually beneficial cooperation options are possible. Write to us at [email protected]

home » Interesting Facts » How to conduct heating in a 2-storey private house. Heating of a two-story house