decorative panel- This is a special type of monumental art that has appeared relatively recently. To be more precise, they used it in ancient times, but they decided to separate it into a separate style only at the beginning of the 20th century.

It is believed that the founder and discoverer of decorative panels for decorating facades is none other than Leonardo da Vinci himself. Naturally, history knows a lot of other examples when decor was done in the same way and much earlier. But it was he who created a fresco in this style on the cathedral, where he “embedd” the decor directly into the wall (on a Christian theme, by the way). Such wall decors can still be found in Italy - in the Middle Ages, this variation of sculptural art was extremely popular.

Directly "panel" as a term appeared already at the beginning of the 20th century. Sometimes they are also called murals. By the way, this type of decoration of the facade of the premises was extremely popular in the USSR, as well as in European countries, partly associated with the popularization of communism in them.

Modern decorative panels are made from:

1. Stone;
2. metal;
3. clays;
4. textiles;
5. polyurethane;
6. Frescoes (including ceramics);
7. Stucco moldings (from any basis).

And only later, around the middle of the 20th century, decorative panels began to be actively cultivated in pictorial art and architecture. Now this term simply means a certain section of the wall, covered with a picture, ornament or mosaic with carvings.

Nautical ideas for shell panels in an article on our website:.

Decorative panel made of stone: the concept of selection

A stone panel is a very unusual and very relevant fake today, often present even in the developments of famous interior designers. But in order to get an exquisite picture, you have to prepare in advance!

In particular, we are talking about choosing the “right” pebbles, which can be found on the sea coast or purchased at a specialized store.

The main thing is that they all fit perfectly into the overall concept of the future panel and the interior solution of the room where it will be stored. After all, if you follow these simple rules, a home-made picture will please the eye for a long time to come!

How to make a decorative panel from polyurethane

Polyurethane is a material with the widest spectrum of action. It is used almost everywhere: in construction, domestic and industrial purposes, in heavy and light industry. It's time to use its unique features for artistic purposes!

Making figures from polyurethane will not amount to special work even the smallest masters. However, it is very important to observe the production interval and wait until the material is completely dry. It will become very dense and will be reliably protected from mechanical stress and moisture. Immediately after drying, you can proceed to the most pleasant action - to form a panel and give it its final look!

Easy and simple: decorative clay panel

What could be better than a handmade souvenir? No, even the most expensive gift can go in comparison with it! Especially if you want to prepare a surprise for a loved one or a very important person.

A clay panel is a wonderful gift option, which both children and adults can master without the slightest difficulty.

All that is required is the utmost attention and the desire to create tirelessly. As a rule, the design of blanks takes the most time, from which a picture will be formed in the future. Decorating and transferring the figures to the base is one of the most pleasant moments, allowing the fantasy to work in full force, sometimes creating real masterpieces.

Unique design: decorative panels in the interior of a modern home

In the interior modern home a decorative panel can be used both in a modular and traditional type, that is, when the installation consists of only one element. The main difference between such a decor is that it must be created with your own hands. A kind of handicraft. And you can do it in any variation - there are no restrictions.

Now, for example, panels from:

• papers;
• fabrics;
• Tree;
• metal;
• glass;
• Stone;
• gypsum;
• polyurethane;
• Food grade plastic (aka PVC).

If a person intended to create a panel with my own hands, it is recommended that the first thing to do is just look at the photos of such decors and understand what it is. Further, if there is no experience, it is better to consult with the designer to determine which of the panel options is suitable for the interior of the specified house. This is where most people have difficulty. It is worth noting that the panels can not only be placed on the wall. The floor is also a kind of “canvas” for decor placement.

What to choose: a decorative panel on the walls in the house

These are the easiest to deal with, as they can be purchased ready-made. These are, for example, modular paintings or some kind of beaded abstraction in a decorative wooden frame. It is convenient that such panels can close rough walls without finishing.

This option of using the panel will be especially useful if a thick false wall was previously installed (for example, for leveling).

What panel options can you recommend for beginners? The simplest decor- this . Naturally, you will also need a board or wood board (fiberboard, chipboard - not so important, because the mass of the structure will be quite small). Further, some pattern is made from the nails, along which the threads are then pulled. It turns out quite attractive, and most importantly - inexpensive.

If we talk about the walls, then it is for them best options panels:

• Modular paintings (divided into several parts);
• Wood carving (also in the form of a picture);
• Ornament or mosaic from textiles.

Which option will be the best in this or that case - it is better to consult with the designer. It is worth noting that the panel can also be used to decorate furniture, a fireplace. And someone with his help completely hides some defects, wiring. In general, the flight of fancy is not limited here.

The simplest decor: do-it-yourself decorative panel

The simplest panel decor is the most common painting and textile composition. The first is a picture, but you can decorate it not only with paints, but also with stucco, plaster and even dried puff pastry! The image will receive three-dimensional forms, and at the same time it will look exactly like a mural. You can decorate it all precious stones if it is possible to allocate such funds. And for more “modest” variations, simple jewelry, IPC (imitation of drops), is also suitable.

So, the simplest version of the panel is textile. It will require scraps of fabric, as well as a wood base, on which the fabric will be attached.

First thing:

• We cover the wood sheet with varnish;
• We mark out how the patches will be placed;
• We sew them in the right order;
• We stick to the base.

The result is a picture-panel of fabric in the patchwork style. Cheap, pretty, and trendy. More difficult option- decor directly from wood. Here you will have to base the technique of woodcarving. However, all this will still need to be supplemented, for example, with metal inserts, stones, ceramics, plastics and paints.

DIY decorative panel (video)

The main rule for creating a panel is the absence of rules. It can be a painting, an entire sculpture or a wrought iron installation. Their creation has become the main source of income for many. But it's better to at least try to do it yourself. There is nothing difficult in this.

Examples of decorative panels (photo)

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The use of panels on the wall - fashionable reception contemporary designers. Exclusive compositions made by interior artists or craftsmen will decorate your home and attract the attention of connoisseurs of beauty. Today the editors of the site have prepared a review for you different options making this stylish and fashionable jewelry. We will show ideas that you can bring to life with your own hands, and provide recommendations from stylists on the selection of panels for your interior.

Wall panel - a decoration that will attract the attention of your guests

A panel is a wall composition that can decorate not only the interior of a house or apartment, but also an office. In fact, this is an art object made in almost any technique using traditional or completely unexpected materials. The panel can be placed not only inside, but also outside the building, it can also be on the ceiling in the room - why not?

A reasonable question: how does a panel differ from? The first difference is the execution technique.

The second difference is the design rules. Paintings require a canvas, stretcher and frame. The panel can be placed directly on the wall or any base, or not have it at all. The third difference between a panel and a painting is the variety of materials used. From paper and fabric to shells and car parts, literally anything can be used for a panel, as long as it fits seamlessly into the artistic concept.

Decorative panel in the interior: ideas for implementation

Wall panels - space for creative imagination. Believe it or not, real works of art can be made from anything, even disposable tableware and toilet paper.

Prefabricated and carved wood wall panels

Wood is a classic material for creating unusual panels. With the help of skillful carvings on the panel, plot compositions with people and animals or abstract ornaments can be made.

Idea number 1. wood carving

Carved compositions are the fruits of the work of real wood craftsmen. Believe me, you will not get tired of admiring the three-dimensional images of noble woods. Oak, teak, birch, cedar or mahogany - all this will decorate the interior, especially if the furniture in the room is made of the same material.

Recently, Slavic amulets have been especially popular - they fit perfectly into the design of a log house. Luxurious wooden compositions can be inlaid with silver and semi-precious stones. Similar wooden panels on the wall can be bought on the websites of handicraft masters.

Idea number 4. Ceramic patchwork

An interesting and recently very popular idea is to create a panel of tiles with different patterns. Bright, original and unexpected compositions can decorate not only the kitchen, but also the dining room and living room. The main thing is to choose the right one so that the diversity does not turn into chaos.

Mosaic panels in the interior

Mosaic wall paintings have been known since ancient times. Luxurious examples of ancient art still amaze the imagination. Such products are able to "live" for hundreds and even thousands of years.

Idea number 5. Mosaic

If you want to decorate your home in this way, look for decorations made of natural stone and colored glass. Original compositions can be found on sale or made with your own hands from the battle of ceramic tiles, river pebbles or shells. Aerobatics in this direction is the creation of large frescoes from the smallest elements.

Mirrors and glass

The trend of the ultra-modern luxurious interior is mirror and glass panels.

Idea number 6. Mirror panels

For small rooms And narrow corridors mirror inserts on the walls are a great solution. They visually add space and reflect light. Mirror compositions can simply consist of the same tiles or have a complex pattern with a play of matte and reflective surfaces. Such compositions look good in natural and artificial lighting. For fashion designers use the method of artificial aging of mirrors. Mirror panels on the wall can be bought in specialized stores or made to order in a mirror workshop.

Idea number 7. stained glass windows

Stained glass windows are another example. decorative design. Products in this style can be located not only on windows, but also on doors and internal partitions. You can make a glass panel on the wall with your own hands, using special paints for stained-glass windows.

Decorative plaster panel

Idea number 17. Framed wallpaper

Pieces of canvas with an expressive pattern that matches the tone of your textiles and furniture will be a good addition to overall design. Arrange such panels in frames to match the color of the furniture, and all the elements will come together in a single thoughtful composition.

Salt dough products

Bread and dough is ancient symbol wealth in the house. From salt dough you can make very original wall compositions.

Idea number 18. Bread pictures

The test is easy to give desired shape After drying, it becomes extremely durable. Dough products can be painted and decorated with various decorative elements. The only thing worth remembering is that such panels do not like straight lines. Sun rays and high humidity.

Other ideas for wall panels

Ideas for panels can arise very different.

Idea #19. Disposable tableware

Plastic spoons, forks and plates cheap material to create original art compositions. All you need is a can of spray paint and a glue gun.

Hand embroidery always looks beautiful and expensive.

Idea number 20. Embroidery and weaving

Whether you know how to embroider with satin stitch, cross stitch or ribbons - any version of such work will look great in interior design. Woven rugs can be placed on the floor. Bright pictures of wool or fabric stripes will decorate the head of the bed or the wall in the living room in country style.

Idea No. 21. Installations from spare parts and parts

For the loft style, technogenic compositions should be selected. Details of mechanisms, gears and levers - all this can be collected in one panel.

Idea number 22. natural materials

river pebbles, seashells, twigs and leaves - all this can be used to create an original design. The more complex the pattern and plot, the longer the product will not bother you.

Some rules for placing panels indoors

In order for the decoration on the wall to organically fit into your interior, you need to follow some simple rules:

1. The composition on the wall should be in harmony with the furniture in the room. It is not necessary to select frames to match, just some overlapping elements are enough.
2. The panel should be placed on a wall free from other furnishings. It should not be hidden by the back of the sofa or lamps.
3. The plot on the wall decoration should match the style of the room. For the kitchen, still lifes are appropriate, for the living room - landscapes and plot images, for the nursery - puppet pictures.
4. The colors on the panel should be repeated in some other decorative elements. Only in this way will you get a single composition.

Advice! If it turned out that you made a little mistake with the selection of the overall tone of the interior, for example, you made it too cold, add bright colors, including in wall decoration.

How to make a do-it-yourself panel from newspaper tubes

Newspaper tubes are the basis for creating a wide variety of wicker products. Caskets, baskets, souvenirs - all this can be made from old newspapers.

Idea number 23. Weaving

To make a tube, you need to cut off a strip of newspaper about 8 centimeters wide and the length of the entire sheet. Then a strip of paper is placed on any flat surface, a knitting needle is applied to the corner, and a tube is folded along it. The tip of the newspaper strip is fixed with ordinary glue. The ends of the tubes are inserted one into the other, and you can weave anything from them, including panels. Newspaper tubes can be immediately painted in the desired color, because the finished product is more difficult to paint.

Article

Creating a panel can fill not only the house with beautiful designer things, but also life with bright colors. This hobby is suitable for everyone, without exception, so be sure to take note of it.

The ability to draw is not given to everyone, but there is a very interesting alternative to painting - the creation of panels. If paints are used for paintings, then almost any materials are suitable for panels, including those of natural origin and junk. Mixing of various techniques and components is allowed. It is not difficult to master this hobby, because you can choose the technology that is more attractive to you and start with the simplest plots that do not require complex actions.

History and modernity of panels and interesting facts

The first panels were found in the caves of primitive people - on stone walls portrayed animals and natural phenomena. What it was - a desire to decorate your home, a way to capture what you saw or protection from evil spirits, now historians can only guess about it. Later, panels made of stone, mosaics, stucco, Venetian plaster. This type of creativity has become an integral part of cultural development.

Modern panels are made of stone, mosaics, fabrics, leather, glass fragments, paper. Needlewomen use ribbons, beads, embroidery for their masterpieces. Suitable and very unusual materials: coffee, cereals, pasta. Creative people do not disdain waste, for example, toilet paper rolls and newspapers.

Separately, modular panels are distinguished - compositions created from several elements, representing a single work. Modular panels include decor from mirrors, photo frames, small paintings.

For example, to create a panel on the wall with your own hands, you can take several round mirrors without frames and stick them to the wall with adhesive tape or special Velcro for paintings.

The task of the panel is to decorate the interior, but designers make it work in full force. With the help of wall decor, it is easy to visually expand the space, mask defects and uneven walls, and protect the wall covering from dirt.

Features of the manufacture of panels from textiles

Fabric paintings are made according to the principle of appliqué, using embroidery and patchwork technique. With the help of patchwork mosaics, paintings worthy of admiration are obtained. To create a decorative fabric panel, a textile picture is first assembled, and then placed in a frame.

From textiles you can make fashionable modular paintings. The easiest option is to place beautiful fabrics with different patterns in the same frame and use them in wall decor. Tapestry, brocade, sewing, burlap are suitable for fabric paintings. IN rustic style better to use simple natural materials- linen, coarse calico, chintz with a cheerful pattern.

The simplest wall decor

Marine motifs - decor made of stones and shells

Returning from vacation, in addition to relaxing and sunbathing, people tend to bring pebbles and shells with them. This great material to create a panel with your own hands. Even if you didn’t bring anything from the sea or didn’t go anywhere, you can buy all this in needlework stores or in construction departments. There is even a ready-made pebble mosaic on a grid.

Materials with a marine theme are suitable for bathroom decor. You can decorate the wall above the bathroom or a free wall opposite the mirror with the author's composition. It is appropriate to complete the picture with a small mirror, symbolizing the expanse of water.

Practical mosaic panels

Mosaic is an ancient art that originated many millennia ago. The oldest mosaic work is about three thousand years old. To create a home mosaic panel, ready-made mosaic tiles are suitable. It can be ceramic, glass, mirror, metal.

All these materials are not afraid of moisture, which means that you can decorate the wall with their help in the bathroom, in the kitchen, on the terrace or in the winter garden. The decor can be of any scale - on the entire wall, above the working area of ​​​​the kitchen or in the form of a miniature composition. Read more about this technique in our other.

What types of needlework are suitable for panels

To create a panel with your own hands, you can use almost all types of needlework. Consider the most popular and interesting.

Very beautiful and realistic wall decorations are obtained from artificial fruits and vegetables, which can be bought in decor and craft stores. Fruit compositions are ideal for the kitchen. For the bedroom, a floral picture of artificial flowers (ready-made or handmade) is more suitable.

Also for volumetric decor use all sorts of items: coffee cups, toy dinnerware sets with miniature replicas, clocks and everything that seems interesting and suitable for reincarnation.

To create a wall panel with your own hands, you can use items that cost almost nothing. For example, plastic spoons, colored plastic water stoppers,.

Master classes and new ideas

If you have become infected with a simple, pleasant and useful hobby, then start creating a panel using the ideas and master classes on our website.

Alexander Kulev,

art critic

mosaic panel

Before talking about the types of mosaic panels, it is necessary to understand what is meant by the words panel and mosaic, the meaning of which is intuitive, but in fact some explanation is required.

On the origin of the concept of "mosaic panel"

Meaning of the word panel comes from the French "panneau", which in turn goes back to the Latin "pannus" - a piece of cloth. The word panel is usually understood as a work of a decorative nature, designed to permanently fill in any section of the wall (wall panel) or ceiling. Its varieties include: bas-relief, carved or stucco composition. Thus, the main feature of the panel is its immovability and a certain monumentality, and, as follows from the Latin meaning of the word, it looks like a piece of cloth, that is, an insert on the wall.

Word mosaic comes from the French "mosaïque", as well as the Italian "mosaico", which, in turn, goes back to the Latin (opus) musivum - a work dedicated to the muses. Mosaic is an arts and crafts (related to an art form that has a dual function: aesthetic pleasure and utilitarian, practical) and monumental (large format and associated with architecture or interior) art. Mosaic is quite heterogeneous in terms of the use of materials: it can be colored stones fixed on the surface, smalt, ceramic tile or other materials.

In this way mosaic panel - This is a large panel interspersed with pieces of multi-colored materials that form a semantic pattern or pattern and perform an aesthetic or utilitarian function.

Sometimes, mosaicism is understood as a collection of heterogeneous elements that form a certain whole, individually representing nothing of themselves, while in integrity they create something special and integral.

The history of the mosaic

The history of the emergence of mosaics dates back to the fourth millennium BC, approximately to its second half, the time of the development of the Sumerian state. If we follow it further (but only hypothetically), then, most likely, the mosaic arose from a child's game, the development of the ability of primitive man to combine various materials and laying out of them an image, initially, very simple, from homogeneous objects. But, later, with the development of intelligence, they acquired a more complex form, from achromatic (performed in one color scale) to polychrome (multi-color). Initially, the mosaic had a utilitarian function - the function of protecting the facing surfaces from atmospheric or other adverse influences. With the development of various materials, the improvement of their polishing technique, the development of glassmaking, as well as the development of glass staining techniques, it became more and more complicated.

In this article on mosaic panels, we will only touch on issuesmosaic techniques,Let's take a look at its main types andpartly, evolution and modern works.

The evolution of the technique of creating mosaic panels

The mosaic technique is complicated by the arrangement of heterogeneous elements into a single whole, in order to lay out a picture from individual small elements and in a certain color scheme, great skill is required.

The emergence of the mosaic

At the initial stage of the development of mosaics (as we assume), heterogeneous elements were not fixed with each other, that is, it was more of a child's game, or one of the ways of knowing the world. To arrange heterogeneous elements into a single whole, it is necessary to develop combinatorial thinking, certain, rather highly developed skills in processing materials, therefore, the initial samples of the mosaics that have come down to our times are of a primitive nature.

Among the Sumerians, the mosaic was composed of the most accessible material for them - fired clay sticks, which were also fixed on clay mortar, from which a geometric ornament was formed. Framing of columns by this method is known from the city of Ur. What function these mosaics performed can only be assumed, perhaps utilitarian - protecting the base of the columns from weathering, but rather purely aesthetic, associated with the function of a kind of amulet in the use of geometric ornament. With the complication of technology, floors made from mosaics, richly inlaid caskets (“Standard of Ur”), and furniture appeared.

One way or another, this is only the prehistory of the emergence of mosaic panels. By the early stages of development of this ancient art pebble mosaic ornaments dated to the 8th century BC from Assyria can be attributed.

Mosaic panel in antiquity

Gradually, the technique became more complicated and is already found in sufficiently developed forms in antiquity. Initially, untreated pebbles were used in antiquity, then the technique of grinding stone, its processing, and only later - colored glass was mastered, which made it possible to create not only the most beautiful, but also realistic mosaic panels.

Mosaic making is extremely complex and painstaking work to get to know her better - you need to figure out what materials can be used to create it.

Glass and smalt

One of the main materials is glass, which allows you to create the finest color transitions, play with the flow and play of light inside the mosaic panels. In addition, glass is resistant to moisture, aggressive liquids and environments, and temperature changes. Panels made using glass mosaics reliably protect the surface of the walls and give aesthetic pleasure. Glass mosaics are currently produced in various forms: they can be plates, rounded or tear-shaped elements. Glass allows you to vary not only the structure, but also the degree of color, that is, the possibility of working with halftones and pure colors, as well as having a different degree of haze or transparency. Glass mosaic panels are widely used in decorating both interior (bathrooms, swimming pools) and exterior (panels on the facades of buildings or patios).

The next most well-known material is smalt - colored opaque glass, usually square in shape with slightly beveled corners and a slightly textured inner surface and polished outer. Smalts can be gilded, with various inclusions, they allow you to add a variety of effects to the overall pattern and often replace glass, because due to its transparency, a fully glass mosaic panel will be very bright, glass is very sensitive to the location in the interior or exterior.

Smalt manufacturing technology for creating a mosaic panel

Having described glasses and smalts, I would like to dwell in particular on the description of the process of manufacturing various color shades, which are so important for creating works of art. The colorful palette of smalt has more than 10,000 different shades, but this diversity is achieved by using a little more than 10 dyes, among which are: iron, manganese, copper, nickel, cobalt, uranium, gold, silver, lead antimony; later, chromium began to be used, and already in our time - selenium and cadmium sulfide. Most of these elements show their qualities during oxidation, that is, interaction with oxygen. Metals, on the other hand, are characterized by different degrees of oxidation depending on the interaction with the amount of oxygen, for example, copper, depending on the degree of oxidation, gives blue and red colors, iron - yellow and blue. It is quite difficult to achieve the degree of oxidation during the cooking process, for this it is necessary to provide either an excess or a lack of oxygen, therefore, various oxidizing agents (potassium or sodium nitrate) and reducing agents (coal, wine, stone, aluminum and others) are used. The color of glass in some cases strongly depends on the combinations with which the dye is found, for example, sulfur colors glass blue, and in the presence of cadmium, which itself does not give color, yellow. The color of glass is strongly influenced by its composition.

Of great importance for coloring is the heat treatment of glass after the melting process. For example, copper, dissolving in glass, does not give any color by itself, the glass remains transparent, but when heated to temperatures close to the melting of glass, it gives a pinkish tint, with increasing heating, which turns into a thick red color. If you continue heating the glass further, then the bright red tint will change to brownish brown with copper crystals interspersed in its depth with a parallel change in transparency, that is, it will become cloudy. This principle is widely used to create the effect of artificial aventurine. The same process is carried out for the production of chrome aventurine, which has a green color.

Precious metals, such as gold and silver, can act as colloidal dyes for glass, the first gives the color of glass in crimson red, and the second in yellow, which are also used in the production of especially valuable dishes.

A special group of smalt, highly valued by the Romans and smelted by Lomonosov, includes: varnishes, scorcetes and purpurines. They are painted with copper, which is in low oxidation states and have shades of yellow-orange, brown-red and wax tones. Their production is complex, since they require not only cooking, but also subsequent heat treatment. Glass painting is a great art and requires not only great skill, but also a special sense of color, since slight changes give variations. colors.

After describing the color scheme, it is necessary to dwell on the glass melting process. First, it is necessary to say about some features of the malt production, firstly, it is not large, since the need for manufacturing necessary materials can be satisfied with a small workshop. Secondly, each shade of smalt requires its own composition and therefore is cooked in separate containers and in small quantities. Structurally, malt furnaces are technically simple devices: the relatively low melting temperature of glass makes it possible not to contain complex devices for injecting additional temperature, while maintaining the thermal regime, special accuracy is also not required, so there is no need for expensive and complex automatic devices for adjusting and maintaining the required temperatures. In the workshop for the production of smalt, in addition to the cooking furnace, there are also auxiliary devices designed for annealing glass, coloring, and firing crucibles. Despite the primitiveness of the devices, the work of cooking smalt is a process that requires great skill and art, the ability to feel materials. The welded smalt is poured directly from the crucibles or by means of a metal spoon onto a cast-iron pan, where it solidifies into separate tiles, which are then sent to the annealing furnace.

Making golden smalt. Cantarelle production technology

A special group of smalts is represented by gilded smalts, which were widely used in the art of the Byzantine Empire. Increased strength requirements in mosaic painting do not allow the use of traditional surface gilding methods, in which a thin layer of gold is fixed to the surface by firing. When using this method, the gilding is quickly erased. Therefore, more than reliable way, which became widespread in antiquity: the conclusion of a thin gold foil between two layers of glass. Many are familiar with books with thin sheets of gold foil - gold leaf. Gold is an extremely plastic material, so making gold foil from it is not a big deal. These golden leaves are less than the thickness of a human hair, and to be more precise, not less than 0.0001 meters. The process of manufacturing gold smalts is as follows: sheets of glass are blown out no more than 1 mm. thick, which are then cut into small plates, on which a sheet of gold foil is superimposed. The plates prepared in this way are introduced into an oven, where, at a temperature that softens the glass, a new layer of glass, also about a millimeter thick, is poured over the gold foil. This process is completed by pressing and subsequent firing in a special furnace. For the manufacture of gold smalts, two conditions are necessary: ​​the glass must not be refractory, otherwise the gold will start to burn, and both layers of glass, between which the foil is located, must have the same composition.

Slightly less often than gold, silver smalts are used. They are made in a similar way, only the layer of silver foil should be a little thicker. There are known ways to fake silver smalt under gold, when a sheet of silver foil is covered with tinted orange glass. Nowadays, a method has also been developed for obtaining cheaper gold smalt, based on the same method in which aluminum sputtering is applied instead of silver.

Mosaic panel of marble and other types of stone

Particularly popular, but difficult to work for making mosaics a natural stone such as marble, onyx, travertine, granite. The pattern laid out of stone is unique, it allows you to create gradations of unusual and natural colors, use halftones, and also does not have the brilliance and pretentiousness of glass. In panels made of stone, depending on the skill of the artist, almost any plot can be conveyed, realism can be used. It should also be noted that the stone is a "living" material with its own structure, and this is taken into account when creating a mosaic; it is impossible to mechanically arrange a mosaic of stone, it is necessary to feel where one or another element can be placed so as not to disturb the image. In fact, the stone dictates the rules for creating images. The structure and color of the stone is unique, so some samples are left untreated, others are carefully polished to reveal the natural texture of the stone (like the texture of wood), some stones can be artificially aged. A special type of mosaic is made from fragments of porcelain stoneware, which has increased strength; such facings are often used in exteriors.

Ceramic mosaic and panels

Ceramic mosaics, which are separate square-shaped tiles with a glazed outer and rough inner surface, have gained particular popularity in our time. Such tiles are often used not only by mosaic masters, but also by non-professionals at home, laying out a pattern on kitchen aprons or including them in bathroom decor. A variety of types of such tiles are easy to spot in any store selling ceramic tiles.

A special type of mosaic creation can be attributed to mosaic panels from fragments of ceramic tiles or small format ceramic tiles. This species goes back to the ancient samples of baked clay, only it has glazedness and great variety. With a certain skill, it is possible to lay out quite beautiful mosaic panels from ceramics, however, ceramic tiles, which have different shades and colors, can rarely be used to create the most complex samples of mosaic panels, since they have a solid color and do not have such a natural texture as stone or the finest color halftones, like glass.

All of the materials listed are quite traditional, but manufacturers in our time develop more and more new mosaic solutions. For example, Italian company "Sicis" developed a metal mosaic, moreover, if the traditional shape is a square, then the developers introduced new forms, such as a rhombus or a triangle. Such a mosaic can be applied to create truly extraordinary effects, however, she is quite independent, only to stylize the interior under such mosaic panels is very, very difficult.

New types of modern mosaics and experiments with mosaic panels

Experiments on creation various kinds mosaics continue all the time, very bold and original finds include mosaics made of precious metals, such as, for example, mosaics inside which gold foil of the highest standard is embedded or a mosaic with the addition of real aquamarine or interspersed with copper oxide, mosaics with special light output are also being developed, flickering under different types of lighting. It should be noted that the process of creating such types of panels is very laborious and they are usually very expensive. Naturally, one cannot imagine a panel laid out only of gold tiles or with a combination of cheap ceramic mosaics and expensive ones.

Masters have to find a middle ground in this process. The creation of mosaic panels is primarily a creative process, and very time-consuming, a sense of proportion and the ability to see your work in integrity. It is not enough for the master to be able to create a work, he must see where it will be located, inscribe it in space, because only in space or in the environment mosaic panels are fully revealed, which are inextricably linked with the interior or exterior, only in this close relationship is fully comprehended their aesthetic function, pushing the utilitarian into the background.

Since the materials used to create the mosaic have been considered, it is possible to refer to the varieties of technology, of course, this issue cannot be fully considered, just as it is impossible to explain the creative process in words, but it is possible to list the main types with a description, but first you need to describe how masters work with ready-made mosaic tiles received from the workshops for their manufacture.

The process of creating a mosaic image

The mosaic comes to the workshop in several forms: it can be large tiles, 15-20 cm in size, 1-2 cm thick, or in the form of rectangular or elongated trunks. It is not suitable for direct use, it is necessary to give the tiles the desired shape in accordance with the chosen idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe pattern. Large bars are sawn into small ones and they are often given a pointed shape at the bottom of the cube, and also for a tighter joint of tiles, they are polished.

One of the simplest types related to mosaic imitation - background mosaic. It is made from regular tiles large size, on which, in turn, cuts are made along the surface, creating an imitation of a mosaic pattern, while maintaining the texture and pattern of the tile itself.

Mixes, or mixing technique– individual small tiles are laid out randomly on the surface, resulting in a pattern born from the spontaneity of the arrangement of the tiles.

Actually mosaic panels, representing a pattern of many separate small tiles, forming integrity when viewed at some distance.

Set technique mosaic panel. Direct and reverse dialing

There are several techniques for setting mosaic panels. In ancient times, tiles were laid directly on the wall on a previously prepared surface, on which notches were applied, and the tiles were laid on lime mortar. Later, the craftsmen abandoned laying tiles in this way, since it required great skill and was laborious. In such laying, the slightest mistake caused failures in the reproduction of the picture, because the very perception of a mosaic panel requires viewing it at a certain distance, as well as the ability to correctly combine various materials and color combinations. Masters began to use the method of setting tiles in special boxes or on the surfaces of marble slabs, with an area of ​​1-2 square meters, this allowed in a comfortable position in the workshop to apply the drawing in the most detailed way in accordance with the developed drawing and avoid unnecessary errors and inaccuracies in the work. Upon completion of the set, individual fragments were removed along with the slab, on which they were fixed and embedded in the wall, the resulting seams were carefully sealed and decorated with tiles matched in color and tone, continuing the line of the drawing, thus, integrity was obtained from separately typed fragments.

There are two main ways to set mosaic panels (direct and reverse). With the direct method, the master lays out the cubes face up, while he can see the results of his work, and, stepping back a certain distance, correct the existing flaws in the drawing. Technically, this method looks something like this: the box is filled to the full depth with a gypsum mortar, then paper with a future pattern applied to it is applied to the surface, after that a small area is marked and the gypsum is cut out to the very bottom of the box, the resulting hole is filled with a powdered substance or special mastic . In the prepared layer, which has looseness, the master inserts the tiles in accordance with the pattern, they are firmly fixed there, but at the same time they can be easily removed. When the processing of the first fragment is completed, the second fragment is cut out, then the third, and so on until the very end. When the entire surface is filled with a pattern, paper is glued to the front side, and the box is turned over, the powdered mixture or mastic is removed and the lower part is filled with an adhesive solution. There is an option when the tiles are laid directly on the adhesive or cement mixture.

The reverse method of set is often used, in which a tracing paper with a printed pattern is placed on the bottom of the box (or caisson), while the master, guided by translucent lines through the tracing paper, lays the tiles face down, after laying is completed, the box is poured with prepared cement mortar, after hardening, he understands. This method is considered faster, but it has one significant drawback: the master cannot see what he gets when laying the picture.

In such summary it is impossible to fully consider the subtleties of the use of materials or the technique of making mosaic panels, however, it is possible to describe the basics of work in a rather complex technique.

Polishing the surface of the mosaic panel. Technology and materials

Concluding the description of the mosaic manufacturing technology, I would like to mention the grinding of finished mosaic panels, that is, the final processing of the finished surface upon completion of work. Grinding and polishing of mosaics is carried out as needed. In this case, various abrasive materials are used: metal, felt materials, chemical liquids, such as tin oxide. Small mosaic paintings, not yet embedded in the surface, are polished on rotary machines, which are tables rotating in a horizontal plane. Large mosaic paintings are polished primarily by hand using the necessary abrasives. It should be noted that polishing is not always required.

Consider the cases in which polishing is required, and in which it is not. If a mosaic panel is part of the architecture and is monumental in size and is conceived as an object viewed from a distance, it is not customary to polish it, on the contrary, it is customary to leave a special roughness or place tiles in uneven rows, without trying to seal the seams between them. This is due to the peculiarities of human visual perception, when the contours of individual small objects that are at a distance merge. As an example in the visual arts, pointillism can be cited. In large panels, polishing the surfaces and the absence of seams between the tiles would make no sense. In cases where the mosaic acts as a picture or is supposed to be viewed from a short distance, polishing is necessary, especially when it is necessary to convey subtle color and tonal transitions. When working with glass, the lack of polishing is a sign of high skill, since the glass itself has a glossy texture and it is not advisable to resort to additional processing methods;

A wall panel is one of the most interesting decorative decorations, the creation of which has no restrictions - a complete flight of fancy. On such an interesting topic, the editors of the online magazine site have prepared exhaustive material with a little surprise - interesting step-by-step master classes.

Decorative panel in the interior

This element of interior design can be created from a wide variety of materials. Many believe that exclusivity is achieved not only by creating a special pattern, but also by using a variety of materials in one composition. Here it is necessary to take into account the peculiarity of each and their compatibility.

Carved wood panels on the wall

Wood is always considered the best option to create elements of decoration of any premises. This material is durable and excellent appearance. Environmentally friendly elements are perfect for creating panels, or.

To create a unique interior, you can use different parts of the tree. It can be both branches and small sections of the trunk. Many use ready-made canvases. For instance, . With the help of special tools for (wood cutters or) each element is made individually. At the final stage, individual elements are assembled into a special pattern.

In order for wood to last as long as possible, it must be subjected to additional processing. Coating with varnish, paint and special compounds that prevent decay and the appearance of a wormhole. At the same time, you can buy a wooden panel on the wall both in the budget version and real works of art.

Panel on the wall of ceramic tiles

Mosaic elements are attached to a degreased surface. To do this, you need to use a special glue. When creating your own interior model, you can use ready-made elements. They are sold in stores in kits, which include everything you need.

Glass and mirror panel - a little journey with Alice through the looking glass

Glass wall panel options will add variety to your room. Glare will make the room look new every time. This material is recommended for use in the design of the kitchen. We stick individual elements on a flat surface and form exclusive patterns. In order for the panel to look complete, it is recommended to apply.

Important! This design option allows you to clean the room without risking destroying the composition. Glass is the most wear-resistant material that can last for a single year.

Recently, mirror panels have been especially popular. But this material is difficult to process. Accordingly, you can use a variety of substitutes: special and so on. That is, in fact, any materials that have the properties of a mirror are used.

When using glass and mirrors, you can create the most amazing decor options for. Designers recommend using these types of materials for decorating living rooms.

Decorative plaster panels - work for real masters

To create a special mixture is used, which is based on the use of finishing. At the moment, several types can be distinguished. In particular, they are popular. Each drawing will be embossed. Smooth options are, in fact, the creation of a complete picture.

The surface is covered with special materials that contribute to the ease of surface care. If necessary, you can quickly change the drawings. This material is considered the most wear-resistant.

Textile as an art form

For the manufacture of panels on the wall, you can use a wide variety of types of fabric. To create a unique option, you can even use burlap. That is, you can take any fabric that you find in your bins.

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The elements are sewn together with threads. These panel options are enough to sew and hang on the wall. Respectively, this species can be regularly updated, changing the features of the interior. You can create for every season and holiday.

Panel on the wall in macrame technique

Weaving has been famous since antiquity. Modern nodular macrame options allow you to quickly create the most bizarre and beautiful patterns. After you tie this or that product, you need to fix it on the wall. This version of the panel attracts with its originality. Handwork is considered the most demanded. Needlewomen can create patterns in the national style, which will make it possible to make a unique interior in.

Paper panel - beautiful, elegant, but short-lived

To create decorative elements, it is enough to recall the lessons of labor in kindergarten. To do this, you need to pick up a picture and take colored paper or. By gluing small elements, you create individual paintings that can be safely considered real decorations. Therefore, a do-it-yourself panel made of paper is a fairly popular type of decoration among needlewomen. And most importantly - the cheapest.

Panels can be mounted on the wall different ways. In particular, elements can be . At the same time, it is possible to use buttons and other materials.

Related article:

: what is the difference between these decor elements, what compositions are in trend today, features of choosing and placing interior paintings in different parts at home, tips on decorating an office, where and for what price you can buy paintings and posters - in our publication.

Photo panel on the wall

Experts consider this species the most interesting. In order to create decorative element, must be applied to the wall surface using a special print.

You can select a wide variety of images and combine them into a single composition. This interior design option will make the room a real place to relax. Many seek to give their rooms the look of a beach or forest. These pictures bring peace.

Related article:

Choosing a place for installation, existing mounting methods, the best fasteners for fixing modular paintings to surfaces of various materials - we will consider in the publication.

Wallpaper wall panel

To create paintings, there is no need to purchase new ones. It is enough to use the waste that remains after the completion of the repair work. It is enough to choose an image and realize them in the form of a picture on the wall.

In this way, you can decorate any room. By the way, when using detergents, a bathroom panel is created.

Salt dough panel or do-it-yourself 3D images from childhood

This option is suitable for families with children. Do not forget that kids just love to make various crafts from plasticine or. Here there are no limits for imagination. Each element of the picture is created separately.

In the end, every detail becomes an element of the big picture. You can create a wide variety of decorative ornaments.

Other types of panels

Decorative elements can be made from any materials. Including using improvised means. In this case, it is recommended to combine materials. For example, you have , wood and glass. Try to combine these materials into a single, integral composition. Or you can just make a simple and beautiful wall panel from.

In addition, the panels differ in the type of premises. Only environmentally friendly elements are suitable for a nursery. For the bathroom you need to use those materials that are not afraid high humidity. The living room is decorated in light colors. The theme of the image can be emphasized with frames and other related elements.

How to place a panel in the interior

When placing, you should consider a few basic rules:

1. The panel should look harmonious with the rest. For example, if you are using expressive images, then it is recommended to make the background of other surfaces more calm and uniform.
2. We take into account the purpose of the room. The image should bring calm and a sense of comfort. Accordingly, it is not recommended to decorate with elements that are heavy in meaning. The feeling of pressure and nervousness will not let you rest in peace. it is not recommended to decorate dark tones. All images should be joyful luminaries.
3. Each element must have its place.
4. The image must be coherent and complete. That is, if you decide to decorate the walls with a three-dimensional panel, then choose a place where the picture will be visible in full size. It shouldn't be cut. This may cause a feeling of discomfort.

Thus, in order to give your interior originality and exclusivity, we recommend using a variety of types of panels. Moreover, this decorative element can be safely created without the help of specialists.

How to make a do-it-yourself panel from newspaper tubes

Do-it-yourself decorative panel is an affordable interior decoration for everyone who is interested in this technique. How to prepare newspaper tubes to the subsequent weaving, the video below will tell in detail. And we will consider how to make a panel fan.

Illustration	Action Description
	Prepare two semicircles from durable.
	According to their size + 1 cm on each side, cut a semicircle from the fabric.
	Glue the prepared tubes to one of the semicircles.
	Glue the second part with a cloth and also attach it well to the existing workpiece. This will be the face of the future product.
	FROM back side to stiffen, glue a semicircle with a large diameter.
	Weave the first row with a volumetric oblique according to the principle shown in the photo.
	Weave subsequent rows simply - through one tube. In our case, it turned out 6 rows.
	Then step back from the first block of weaving by 2-3 cm and continue in the same technique. To prevent the work from slipping, make limiters from cocktail tubes.
	When the weaving is finished, complete the work by closing the tubes.
	Be sure to plant the last row on.
	Trim off excess parts.
	Also shorten the main tubes so that there is no more than 3 cm of free edge.
	Weave a voluminous braid from the tubes.
	Glue the resulting braid along the edge of the product. Decorate the fan with lace and a bow.

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