Insulation of the facade of a house made of silicate bricks. The better and how to insulate a brick house outside with modern materials

Professional home insulation is a complex and lengthy process that will delight residents with a comfortable and warm room in the winter. Thanks to the insulation brick building to you can reduce energy costs for home heating.

The insulation of brick walls is different from the insulation of concrete or wooden structures. To identify the material for thermal insulation, you need to set the type of brick.

Brick density is of two types:

1. Hollow weighs less, inside there are voids filled with air.
2. Solid - solid type of brick.

There are two types of masonry: solid and building with the formation of air voids. In the process of the second type of masonry the heat-insulating element is poured into the inner part of the wall- special air pocket.

Why is thermal insulation needed?

The main function of thermal insulation is energy saving and utility bills. The walls and ceiling can be covered with heat-insulating material on both sides, and the windows and floor can be covered from the inside.

Additionally, you can close up window and door gaps, as well as cover the walls that separate the house from the street with insulating material.

Thermal insulation of the room will get rid of mold and other fungi that live inside wet and cold walls.

Mold formed due to the large difference in temperature outer and inner surface of the wall. It is better to insulate a brick wall on both sides.

Modern materials

The durability of the finish depends on the choice of materials. and degree of insulation. Some materials are better suited for finishing the inside of the wall and crevices, and some are made specifically for the outside.

As materials for the insulation of brick houses are used:

• mineral wool;
• Styrofoam;
• extruded polystyrene foam;
• polyurethane foam;
• plaster;
• thermal panels.

Let's look at each type in more detail.

Mineral wool

Mineral wool is a substance consisting of fused silicone fibers mixed with metallurgical waste.

The most important advantages of mineral wool are a high coefficient of heat conductivity, as well as no combustible elements in its composition. Cotton wool is a durable material, it is difficult to break it or break its integrity.

cotton wool repels water easily and does not absorb rainfall. The substance ideally isolates the room from sound signals and noise. The material does not melt or deform under high temperature. It is resistant to chemicals and biological agents. Minvata is easy to install.

Resins, phenol and heavy metals that make up cotton wool, may adversely affect respiratory system human. Expanded polystyrene, silicate fiber and polyurethane foam are considered less harmful materials for construction.

Styrofoam

Polyfoam occupies a leading position among the materials used for insulation of residential premises.

He low cost, easy to install. A thin layer of foam plastic is enough to insulate the living space, isolate it from external noise.

Styrofoam has the following advantages:

• does not deteriorate under the influence of chemicals;
• has a high density;
• does not absorb moisture, rain and precipitation;
• does not lose its shape under the influence of mechanical damage;
• it is enough to lay a layer of foam, which will be ten times thinner walls to prevent the penetration of cold into the room;
• the material is durable and can last up to half a century;
• weighs little;
• resistant to decomposition processes;

Styrofoam is used as a heat-insulating material for insulation of roofs, walls, facade structures, foundation slabs and basement floor.

Extruded polystyrene foam

Expanded polystyrene is produced by mixing polymer metal particles with a blowing agent. A sheet is smelted from a liquid mixture of these substances. After curing sheet becomes light and strong.

Advantages:

• the material is durable and can withstand heavy loads;
• resistant to chemicals and high temperatures;
• does not pass or absorb moisture;
• serves for a long time;
• does not pass harmful vapors;
• ecologicaly clean;
• does not ignite.

Due to its low vapor permeability, expanded polystyrene promotes the formation of mold and fungi.

Such a feature contributes to the destruction load-bearing structure Houses and poor health of residents. This material is used only for the insulation of facades in buildings whose height does not exceed nine floors.

polyurethane foam

Polyurethane is a type of plastic. He has a foamy texture, and the gaseous substance in its composition reaches 90 percent.

Polyurethane is easy to manufacture, it can be made right on the construction site.

The advantages of this material include:

• adheres well to any kind of walls: brick, concrete, stone, wood, etc.;
• there is no need to carry out additional processing of the wall surface;
• increases the strength of walls and partitions;
• does not respond to temperature changes;
• forms a single solid structure without gaps and seams.

Material can wear out quickly as a result of the negative effects of ultraviolet rays. This material must be protected with plaster.

The heater does not burn, but under the influence of high temperatures will begin to melt, so you should not use it near smelters and in production.

Warm plaster

Plaster is inexpensive has adhesion to different surfaces, does not ignite, has a bactericidal effect, is non-toxic, resistant to moisture penetration.

If water gets on the plaster, it can cause it to freeze and development of fungal growths inside the wall.

Thermal panels

Thermal panels give the facade a respectable look, as well as perfectly insulate the house. They consist of several layers of expanded polystyrene and polyurethane foam with the addition of air. For decoration, artificial stone is used.

The benefits include:

• environmentally friendly solution for thermal insulation;
• installation does not depend on the season and weather conditions;
• their use reduces the installation time.

The cons include:

• before installation, the wall surface must be carefully leveled;
• are expensive, especially corner elements.

What is the best way to insulate a home?

Insulation is selected depending on the material from which the walls are made.

Housing from concrete slabs insulated with foam or mineral wool. The stone house is insulated with the same mineral wool or polyurethane foam.

Walls made of gas silicate blocks are well insulated with mineral slabs or polystyrene. These materials have good thermal insulation properties and have a long service life, they will be a good protection against the cold for walls made of gas silicate.

For insulation of houses from foam blocks the following materials are used:

• mineral wool;
• expanded polystyrene;
• cork;
• penofol;
• polyurethane foam.

For insulation of residential premises from aerated concrete well suited:

• plaster;
• Styrofoam;
• mineral wool;
• polyurethane foam.

These materials excellent wall protection aerated concrete house from freezing and increase the life of the building.

brick walls insulated with the following materials:

• mineral wool;
• expanded polystyrene;
• Styrofoam;
• polyurethane foam;

Read in this article about modern materials for soundproofing walls in an apartment.

How to properly insulate a brick house from the outside with your own hands?

Insulating a living space with foam plates is easy. It is enough to adhere to the following algorithm of actions.

pre-surface wall debris and dirt must be removed. Then trim it with plaster.

Important: treat the wall with primer to achieve evenness, and then wait for it to dry. Foam plates will firmly lie on the primed surface.

Then it is necessary nail horizontally starting profile . The plates are glued to the wall starting from the bottom edge. You can treat the wall with glue or apply the substance directly to the slabs with a spatula.

Laying of plates must be done in a checkerboard pattern. When the glue dries, the plates must be fixed with dowels. The gap between the plates must be sealed with the same material or filler.

At the last stages of masonry plates are fixed with mesh, and the dried facade must be covered with plaster.

Warming a house with your own hands is not an easy task, but doable with some preparation. Insulation is selected depending on the material of the walls. The choice of material is also influenced by its cost, heat-insulating and waterproof qualities, as well as environmental friendliness and safety for the health of residents.

Warming brick house do it yourself: video instruction.

In private construction, brick is still very popular for building walls at home. Houses built of brick can be found almost everywhere. But, despite its excellent performance, such a house requires insulation. The issue of warming a brick house is especially acute today, when the cost of energy is quite high and you have to save every kilowatt of energy. The way out in this situation is to create a reliable thermal insulation of the house, which can reduce heat loss to a minimum. All work on the arrangement of thermal insulation can be done on your own, especially since how to insulate brick house, there is nothing complicated.

The specifics of the insulation of a brick house

When planning to insulate a brick house, it must be remembered that house insulation is a whole range of works aimed at reducing heat loss through the roof, walls, floor and foundation. And in order to answer the question of how to properly insulate a brick house, you will first have to find out what brick and what masonry the house is built from, consider the types of insulation of a brick house and decide on the materials for its insulation.

Features of brick walls

Unlike concrete or wooden walls, brick walls have a number characteristic features. Firstly, the walls can be made of solid or hollow bricks. It depends on the thermal conductivity brick wall, the indicator of which is in the middle between wood 0.2 W / (m K) and concrete 1.5 W / (m K) and is 0.4 W / (m K). Secondly, masonry can be solid and with an air pocket (well masonry). Depending on what type of brick is used and what kind of masonry is done, the thickness of the walls changes, and at the same time performance characteristics and the required thickness of the thermal insulation layer.

Important! Above are the average thermal conductivity values. Depending on the type of wood and the materials used for the production of bricks and concrete, the thermal conductivity may fluctuate in one direction or another. So concrete with the addition of expanded clay has a thermal conductivity of 0.66 W / (m K), solid silicate brick 0.7 W / (m K), and pine 0.09 W / (m K). Therefore, before proceeding with the insulation of the walls of the house, it is important to know what they are made of and how thick they are.

Regarding the masonry method, it should be noted that with continuous masonry, the insulation is placed over the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe wall on one or two sides. In this case, the thickness of the layer directly depends on the thickness of the wall: the thicker the wall, the smaller the layer will be required. In the case of well masonry, the insulation is placed inside the wall, between the bricks. This approach is also called intra-wall insulation. It can provide additional thermal insulation due to the air gap between the outer and inner walls, and when using a thermal insulation material, it can reduce heat loss by half.

Types of insulation

In total there are three types of insulation: external, internal, intra-wall. External insulation is the most popular and involves the placement of insulation outside the building. This approach will provide additional protection walls from various kinds of natural phenomena. Unfortunately, the external insulation of a brick house has its drawbacks - this is the seasonality of work and the rather high cost of materials. Internal insulation of the house, in addition to wall insulation, provides for insulation floors, floor, attic and roof. You can perform internal insulation at almost any time of the year. The third type is intra-wall insulation, it can be performed only at the stage of wall construction. Therefore, those who have purchased an already built house will not be able to perform this type of insulation.

Characteristics of warmth insulating materials

It is necessary to choose materials for warming a brick house with special care, paying attention to their characteristics. There are several reasons for this. First, some thermal insulation materials can only be used for interior decoration, some - only for outdoor. Secondly, the total weight and thickness of the insulating layer will depend on the density of the material and its thermal conductivity. Thirdly, its durability and ability to maintain its operational qualities depend on the resistance of the material to various kinds of negative influences. Fourth, the more natural the material, the better. Below are the main features with their brief description to which special attention should be paid.

• Coefficient of thermal conductivity. The lower this indicator, the less the thickness of the thermal insulation layer will be.
• Water absorption coefficient. As in the case of thermal conductivity, the smaller this figure, the better. The water absorption of a material indicates its resistance to moisture absorption.
• Density. In fact, this indicator displays the mass of thermal insulation. The higher it is, the heavier the material.
• Flammability class. In total there are four classes of flammability. Class G1 materials stop burning without a source of fire, so their use is more preferable in construction.
• Material durability. With this indicator, everything is simple. It indicates how long a given material will last without losing its performance characteristics.
• Steam capacity. The ability of the material to “breathe”, passing moist air through itself, will be most welcome for internal insulation of rooms, which will only increase comfortable living in the house.
• Soundproofing ability. Some heat-insulating materials also have excellent sound-proofing properties, which can significantly save on special sound-proofing materials.
• Environmental friendliness. This indicator indicates only the naturalness of the materials and will be useful for those who seek to make their home as safe as possible for living in it.
• Difficulty of installation. This indicator only affects the speed and ease of installation, which will be especially useful for beginners in the construction business.

In modern construction, do-it-yourself insulation of a brick house is carried out with various materials. Below are the usual artificial materials and again gaining popularity natural:

• Mineral wool. Perhaps the most commonly used thermal insulation. Its thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.041-0.044 W/(m.K) and its density is from 20 kg/m3 to 200 kg/m3. Of the shortcomings, high moisture absorption should be noted. More suitable for internal insulation.
• Expanded polystyrene (styrofoam). The second most popular material for insulation. Thermal conductivity coefficient 0.033 - 0.037 W/(m.K), density 11 to 35 kg/m3. This material practically does not absorb moisture, but at the same time its vapor permeability is almost zero. In addition, it is brittle, flammable, and releases toxic substances when burned. Can be used both inside and outside the building.
• Extruded polystyrene foam. Thermal conductivity coefficient 0.028 - 0.032 W / (m.K), density from 25 to 38 kg / m3. Unlike regular styrofoam, extruded styrofoam is more durable, but otherwise they are almost identical. Suitable for external and internal work.
• Expanded clay. The thermal conductivity coefficient is from 0.10 to 0.18 W/(m.K), density 200 - 800 kg/m3. Pretty narrow range of applications. It is mainly added to concrete for the foundation or construction of a monolithic frame of the house. It can also be used for interior wall insulation.
• "Warm" plaster. The thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.065 W/(m.K), density 200 - 340 kg/m3. This material has quite a few advantages - sound insulation, vapor permeability, low water permeability, non-combustibility, and so on. But there are two significant drawbacks. The first - the maximum layer of such plaster should not exceed 50 mm, the second - a lot of weight, which entails the need for a reinforced foundation. But in general, it is an excellent insulation for both external and internal work.
• Cork heaters. The thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.045 - 0.06 W/(m.K), density 240 - 250 kg/m3. This natural material perfect for internal insulation due to its performance. The only serious disadvantage is the high degree of flammability. Best used for internal insulation.
• Ecowool or cellulose wadding. The thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.032 - 0.038 W/(m.K), density 30 - 75 kg/m3. The ecowool obtained as a result of cellulose processing perfectly absorbs moisture and does not tolerate mechanical loads well. Used only for internal insulation. It is usually used to insulate attics.

Starting to insulate an already built brick house, first of all, you need to do small project, indicating in it all areas requiring insulation with the materials used and their quantity. It should be remembered that for internal and external work are used various materials. If the house is under construction, then all the necessary calculations are indicated in the project documentation and it remains only to purchase everything you need and start work.

As noted earlier, this type of insulation can be carried out only at the stage of wall construction. To do this, do the following:

1. first, we lay the outer wall, where every 5 rows of bricks we insert a metal pin made of wire with a diameter of 5 mm into the seam. We select the length of the pin in such a way as to drown it by 2 - 3 cm and the remaining part of the wire should be 2 - 3 cm more than the thickness of the heat-insulating material used;
2. as soon as an external wall with a height of 1 - 1.5 m has been erected, we begin installing the thermal insulation in place, resting the materials on the pins;
3. at the end we make masonry inner wall, after which we again raise the outer one. And so to the very top.

The method described above is suitable for materials produced in mats or plates, such as foam, mineral wool or extruded polystyrene foam. You can also use expanded clay. To do this, you will have to erect both walls at once to a height of 1 - 1.5 m, leaving a gap of 10 - 15 cm between them and tying them together with metal pins in the seams of the masonry. Then we fall asleep inside expanded clay and continue the construction of walls. For this method of insulation, coarse expanded clay should be chosen. Since it has a lower density and, therefore, its total weight will be less.

Important! You can not be limited only to the intra-wall insulation of a brick house. The walls of such a house can be additionally insulated from the outside.

Insulation of a brick house from the outside

The external insulation of a brick house consists in the insulation of the walls, the basement and the outer walls of the foundation. The technology of warming a brick house from the outside consists in cleaning the walls of the building from construction debris and dirt for further fixing a multi-layer heat-insulating cake on them or arranging a hinged structure over the bare walls with thermal insulation placed inside. From materials, you can use foam, extruded polystyrene foam, "warm" plaster. In this case, one simple rule must be observed - the sequence of arrangement of materials for insulating the walls of a brick house from the outside should be such that the vapor permeability of each next layer increases towards the outer edge.

To insulate the walls of a brick house from the outside with polystyrene foam or extruded polystyrene foam, you must do the following. Perform basic plastering of the walls to even out the main irregularities, then clean the surface of dirt and treat it with a primer. Then, in one of two ways, either with glue or with the help of “umbrella” facade dowels, we fix the sheets of thermal insulation to the wall.

If you chose the first method, then you need to apply glue to the surface of the sheet and press it firmly against the wall. We carry out work from the bottom up, placing the sheets gradually row by row. In this case, each next row is shifted relative to the previous one, placing the sheets in a checkerboard pattern. In this simple way, the stability of the entire structure is achieved. When fastening with facade dowels, we perform the same operations, with the difference that glue is applied pointwise in small portions to the surface of the sheet. Then, after gluing, we drill a hole in the wall through the sheet, into which we insert the dowel. We reinforce the resulting surface with a special mesh, plaster and perform finishing paint or decorative plaster.

Video: insulation of a brick house outside with foam

Another popular way of external wall insulation is to create ventilated facade. Creation works are as follows. The first thing to do is to place a layer of vapor barrier on the wall surface, then create and fix a metal or wooden frame to the wall with anchors. After that, we place a heat-insulating material between the frame rails, on top of which we lay a layer of waterproofing. For a ventilated facade, basalt or mineral wool is most often used. We fix heat and waterproofing materials to the wall with the help of facade dowels with a wide hat already familiar to us. At the end we set outer skin from siding, porcelain stoneware or other material.

The simplest and most widely available option for external insulation is the use of "warm" plasters. The work consists in cleaning the walls of dirt, after which their surface is impregnated with a primer. Next, a plaster mesh and beacons are fixed on the wall, along which “warm” plaster will be applied. After the plastered walls have dried, they can be finished with bark beetle decorative plaster, clinker tiles, decorative facade bricks, or simply painted.

The insulation of the foundation and basement of a brick house is carried out by analogy with the walls, with the only difference being that it is not customary to create a ventilated facade for the foundation or basement. Most often, insulation is performed with polystyrene foam, extruded polystyrene foam, clinker tiles or “warm” plaster.

Insulation of a brick house from the inside

Heat loss through external walls is only a fraction of the total heat loss. Most of the heat escapes through the roof and floor of a brick house. Of course, for more reliable heat retention, you can insulate the walls from the inside, and this will require very little effort. Consider the internal insulation of a brick house as it is being built, starting from the floor and ending with the roof.

Floor insulation in a brick house

The floors in a brick house are best insulated even at the stage of its construction. It is also possible to make insulation in an already built house, but this is associated with increased labor costs. This is due to the need to dismantle and repair an existing wooden or concrete floor. Floor insulation is carried out using polystyrene foam, extruded polystyrene foam, mineral and basalt wool or expanded clay. Separately, it is necessary to highlight the "warm floor" system, which, in combination with conventional heaters, will allow you to save heat and provide additional heating at home.

During the construction of a new house, the insulation of wooden floors is carried out as follows:

• having created a structure from a log and a draft floor from waterproof plywood, we lay a layer of waterproofing on top of them. Between the edges waterproofing material let overlap, and bring the edges along the perimeter up with an overlap of 10 - 15 cm;
• then we put a heater in the space between the lags. On top of the insulation, if desired, you can lay a layer of vapor barrier;
• the next will be a rough floor made of boards, on top of which the finishing floor and flooring are laid.

If the house has two or more floors, then the insulation of the floors of the upper floors will also be the insulation of the ceiling in a brick house. In fact, you will have to create a wooden floor on the logs with insulation inside on the second floor.

The creation of thermal insulation in an already built brick house begins with the disassembly and repair of a wooden floor. After that, if necessary, excavation of excess soil is carried out, backfilling of a new substrate of sand, crushed stone and their compaction. Finally, a lag structure and insulation are assembled according to the scheme described above.

If the wooden floor can still be dismantled with minimal labor, then the concrete floor will require a lot of effort and a lot of time to remove old screed. Therefore, it is extremely important to carry out the insulation of concrete floors at the stage of building a house. The work itself is as follows:

• after creating and compacting a pillow of sand and gravel on the ground, we perform a rough screed, lay a layer of waterproofing on top;

Important! To reduce the thermal conductivity of concrete, expanded clay should be added to it. Such concrete will have a thermal conductivity of 0.66 W/(m·K) rather than the usual 1.5 W/(m·K).

• Next, lay the insulation. For concrete floors, foam and extruded polystyrene foam are used. In addition to these materials, others can be laid. The main thing is to choose a material with the highest strength and density of more than 160 kg / m3;
• a layer of vapor barrier is laid on top of this multilayer cake and a finishing screed is poured, after which the finishing floor covering is laid.

Wall insulation from the inside of a brick house

In most cases, wall insulation inside a brick house is not performed, due to the presence of external thermal insulation. But sometimes internal insulation is still necessary. Especially when the insufficient thickness of the walls or the maximum layer of thermal insulation on the outside is not enough to keep the heat. To insulate brick walls from the inside, mineral and stone wool, polystyrene foam, extruded polystyrene foam, cork or “warm” plaster are used.

The internal insulation of the walls of a brick house is as follows:

• clean the walls of dirt and impregnate them with a primer;
• using wooden bars or metallic profile, equip the frame and fix it to the wall. Frame racks are placed in increments of 40 cm or 60 cm;
• if necessary, cutting the thermal insulation to the width of the opening between the posts, we put it inside the resulting structure;
• from above we sheathe with drywall, plaster and apply the finish.

Important! Internal insulation of a brick house with polystyrene foam or extruded polystyrene foam is highly undesirable due to the toxicity and flammability of these materials.

Insulation of the attic and roof of a brick house

In the question of how best to insulate a brick house, it is impossible to ignore such parts of the house as the roof and attic. After all, it is through them that up to 40% of the total heat loss can escape. This is due to the simple laws of physics, according to which warm air lighter than cold air and therefore all the heat goes up. Therefore, in order to keep warm in a brick house, it is so important to insulate the roof and attic.

To insulate the attic, you must do the following:

• if you use floor beams as logs, you can build an already familiar wooden floor construction with insulation, but with minor changes;
• we cover the beams themselves and the space between them with a vapor barrier;
• then we fill the space between the beams with ecowool, mineral wool or basalt wool;
• from above, for ease of movement in the attic, we lay a draft floor of rough boards.

Important! To save operational properties thermal insulation of the attic and roof, it is necessary to equip high-quality ventilation of the under-roof space.

Insulation of the roof of the house is carried out as follows:

• over the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe structure we lay between the rafters and fix the vapor barrier. We overlap the edges of the material with each other and glue it with adhesive tape;
• in the space between the rafters we lay heat-insulating material. It can be polystyrene, extruded polystyrene foam, mineral or basalt wool, as well as any other insulation with low thermal conductivity and low density;
• on top we lay another layer of vapor barrier and, to maintain the insulation in place, we fix the crate in increments of 0.4 - 0.5 m.

Despite the large amount of work to create thermal insulation of a brick house, everything is quite simple. Anyone who knows how to use a tool and has minimal experience in construction work can perform insulation. In order for everything to be done correctly, it is necessary to adhere to SNiPs and the recommendations of specialists.

Building a brick house is quite popular throughout the territory. Russian Federation, because brick walls have many advantages. They are reliable, fire resistant and able to stand long years. But there are also disadvantages, for example, they do not retain heat efficiently enough. The problem is easily eliminated if additional external insulation of the brick walls of the house is carried out with special materials. Almost every owner thinks about how to insulate a brick house from the outside.

In the process of building a brick house, you have to spend a lot of money, which is why the question often arises of how to carry out home insulation work with your own hands. Everything is quite simple and if you thoroughly approach the issue, study all the nuances and choose the right material, insulate the house from silicate brick, it will turn out without the involvement of hired specialists. The answer to the question of how to insulate a brick house from the outside, any seller of a hardware store knows.

There are a lot of insulation technologies, for a start we will consider a variety of insulation for siding.

The question of how best to insulate a brick house from the outside is very common on specialized forums. It is worth thoroughly studying all the information presented, and choose what suits you. The main separation of wall insulation occurs according to the installation principle, there are those that require additional finishing, and those that do not need it. There are simply a huge number of varieties of materials for insulation and sound insulation, many of them are similar in characteristics, and differ only in price and manufacturer.

• Mineral insulation (mineral wool). It is often used, due to the fact that the price for it is quite low, and the characteristics are suitable. For example, its thermal conductivity is 0.04 W/(m*K). In addition, it is quite environmentally friendly and even an inexperienced person can mount it. Mineral wool is able to burn, so it has a low level of fire safety, which can be considered a minus, and even during installation it will be necessary to carry out additional work related to the moisture insulation of the walls, because. the material absorbs condensation well.
• Expanded polystyrene (polystyrene). Thermal conductivity 0.036 W/(m*K). Lightweight, practical, with high moisture resistance. Just like mineral wool, it is environmentally friendly. The disadvantages of insulating a brick house from the outside with polystyrene foam are toxic emissions during combustion, fragility, and vapor permeability.
• Extruded polystyrene foam (penoplex), a warm counterpart of conventional polystyrene. But it is produced using a different, fundamentally new technology. Due to this, it has improved characteristics of heat and sound insulation, as well as vapor and water permeability. Insulation of the house with penoplex is very popular.
• It is possible to insulate a brick house from the outside modern methods, using foaming technology. Mounting polyurethane foam. The product is new, but has already won a large part of the market. Perfectly warms and protects from hit of moisture. Minus, the application is carried out using special equipment.

insulation of a brick house from the outside by spraying polyurethane foam

Two types of insulation that do not require additional finishing

• Another method of insulating a brick wall from the outside, using a thermal panel under a brick, is enough new technology. The main advantage is that such panels do not need to be hidden under the siding. They have a beautiful appearance.

Thermal panels under the brick

• insulation for a brick house using warm plaster, innovative look. In our country, it is becoming increasingly popular due to its simplicity and low cost.

Warming for a brick house using warm plaster

Scheme of installation for siding

• Hammer drill with an 8 mm drill, or an impact drill with a drill of the same diameter.
• Screwdriver.
• Construction level.
• Construction corner.
• Roulette, hammer.

As a material for the manufacture of the frame, you can use a metal profile 60 * 27mm., Or wooden bars section 50 * 50 mm.

Work should begin with cleaning the wall of everything that will interfere with the installation of the frame. Dismantle ebbs and slopes from windows. After that, you can proceed to the installation of the extreme bars. If the wall to be insulated is fairly even, then the frame can be made of wood, and the bars can be fixed with dowels - nails, through and through. For exterior walls that have irregularities, it is better to use a metal profile.

The extreme bars are installed, using the building level, strictly vertically. After that, between them, for convenience, they pull the cord, it is convenient to control the installation of the remaining bars along it. All installed bars should be at a distance of 60 cm from each other in the same plane.

Insulation, cut into pieces of the required length and placed between the bars. It should be fixed using dowels - nails for insulating materials, having previously drilled holes for them in the wall.

If additional vapor barrier is required, it is mounted before installing the bars, directly on the wall, and only then proceed with the installation of the frame bars. If a metal profile is used as a frame, the whole scheme looks about the same, only instead of bars, profiles are installed using special suspensions.

Foam insulation

The process of insulating the brick walls of the house from the outside, using polyurethane foam, slightly different order of work. You should start by cleaning the wall and removing everything that will interfere with the proper installation of the frame. The next stage is the marking and installation of hangers for mounting profiles on the wall. After mounting the suspensions, proceed to the application of mounting foam. Final stage after applying the foam, this is the installation of profiles. As in the case of the bars, the extreme profiles are installed first, and then the cord is pulled and the rest are mounted with it. The profile must be in the same plane.

Important: Hangers, before applying the foam, should be bent in such a way that they are ready for the installation of profiles in them, if this is not done, then after applying the foam this will no longer work.

After installing the frame and insulation, the next step is the installation of siding. The installation scheme depends on the type of siding panels, but the general points are worth noting.

• Installation is carried out starting from the bottom of the house.
• The installation of the first panel is carried out strictly horizontally using a level.
• Each next panel is mounted in the previous one.

Finishing the facade of a brick house can be carried out using other technologies. For example, mount mineral insulation boards (mineral wool) and then plaster and paint the surface. Or insulate the walls from the outside with foam and overlay with bricks.

Insulation of the facade of a brick house using a clinker thermal panel has fundamental difference from installation mineral wool and other similar types of insulation. It consists in the fact that the installation of a frame and, accordingly, siding is not required. The pattern of clinker panels can be different, there are brick-like panels, a natural stone, etc.

Before installation, as in the case of conventional insulation, the wall must be cleaned of dust, dirt and anything that may interfere with installation. The clinker panel is installed from the bottom up. The process from the side resembles the assembly of a puzzle. First, the corners and the plinth are assembled, then the inside of the wall is gradually filled. Fastening takes place using dowel nails for insulating materials, as well as a small amount of mounting foam, which is applied under the insulation and then glues it to it.

Warm plaster

Abroad, for a long time, this type of insulation of the outer walls of a brick house is considered one of the best and it is used almost everywhere. In Russia, the benefits of warm plaster have not yet been properly appreciated, although many builders are already putting it into practice.

Warm plaster has a composition almost the same as ordinary plaster, but instead of sand, foam bubbles, or perlite or vermiculite, are added to it.

Styrofoam - good insulation, anyone even unfamiliar with building technologies Human. The use of plaster with the addition of foam plastic will allow you to insulate the house at no great cost, and in a short time. Applying plaster does not require special preparation of the walls. It is enough just to moisten with water, and you can apply the mixture. Thermal insulation using warm plaster is quite effective. there are no joints, cracks or other defects on the wall through which heat can escape. Another indisputable advantage is the complete incombustibility of the plaster and the absence of the need to replace the slopes on the windows, which also allows you to save on finishing.

In addition to the article, watch the video:

Reliable thermal insulation contributes to the reduction of heat loss and the creation of comfortable conditions in a brick structure. Insulation of a house made of silicate brick is necessary and this is due to the instability of the material to moisture. Additional thermal insulation corrects this shortcoming. Insulation is chosen depending on the type of brick and type of masonry.

What is insulated?

Moisture absorption and moisture permeability of structures in silicate brick buildings is eliminated by their insulation. In addition, thermal insulation keeps the house warm in winter and cool in summer. Wall insulation depends on them. There are two types of insulation:

• from within;
• outside.

Internal insulation of structures in sand-lime brick houses is rarely done, since the dew point shifts inward, which contributes to the formation of condensate on the walls and requires installation effective system ventilation. In addition, slopes, floor and ceiling will need to be insulated. Insulation can be basalt fiber slabs and foam glass.

To insulate the walls from the inside, only environmentally friendly materials with low flammability are used to avoid the release of harmful substances into the room.

Outside, silicate brick is insulated using the following materials:

• mineral wool;
• Styrofoam;
• polyurethane;
• expanded polystyrene.

Material calculation

To effectively insulate the house and avoid moving the dew point inward, you need the correct calculation of the thickness of the insulation. The thickness of the material depends on its thermal resistance. The average indicator of this value for walls in private and multi-storey buildings should be at least 3.5. The layer of material for insulation will be the thicker, the lower the thermal resistance of the wall. The calculation is performed according to the formula: R=d/k, where d is the thickness of the material, k is the thermal conductivity coefficient. The k exponents are a constant value and are given in the table.

For polyurethane foam, you need to calculate the thickness of the insulation.

For example, the thickness of a layer of polyurethane foam is calculated to insulate a structure made of silicate brick with a thickness of 0.5 m. First, the thermal resistance of the wall is determined: R = 0.5 / 0.7 = 0.71. This indicator is calculated for polyurethane foam: R (p) \u003d 3.5-0.71 \u003d 2.79. The insulation layer is found by the formula: d \u003d R (p) x k \u003d 2.79 × 0.02 \u003d 0.0558 m. Thus, the polyurethane foam layer must be at least 55 mm.

Brick is a durable and non-combustible material, it can withstand high loads and is used in the construction of buildings of various heights. The main disadvantage of such a house is the high thermal conductivity of the walls. The problem can be solved by increasing the thickness brickwork or insulating the building from the outside.

Insulation of brick walls is divided into three types: external, internal and intra-wall. The latter option involves the construction of a building with well masonry and the placement of a heat insulator at the construction stage.

Internal insulation takes away the usable area of ​​the premises, it provokes the dampness of the walls and is not effective enough. Its advantage is the ability to perform work at any convenient time and the low cost of materials. If you have a choice, you should give preference to external thermal insulation.

Among its advantages:

• The walls are protected from external influences, so they will last a long time.
• Significant reduction in heating costs.
• The opportunity to create the architectural design of the house to your liking.
• Absence of moisture, mold and fungus on the surface of the walls.

The main characteristics of thermal insulation materials

In order for the protection of brick walls to be reliable and durable, the materials used must have characteristics that allow them to withstand precipitation, wind, frost and heat.

• The water absorption coefficient is a characteristic of a product that shows how much moisture it can absorb. It is better to choose a material with a low rate.
• Coefficient of thermal conductivity - main criterion when studying insulation. It shows the amount of heated air lost in 1 hour per sq. m of material having a thickness of 1 m. This indicator is guided when choosing the thickness of the insulation layer. best products according to this criterion, polystyrene and mineral wool are considered.
• Combustibility - determines how dangerous the material is in a fire. Products are divided into four cash registers according to this characteristic, it is better to give preference to G1, which go out without an open flame. Expanded polystyrene boards are prone to fire, using them for sheathing, choose with the marking "C", meaning self-extinguishing.
• Density determines the amount of additional weight on the structure - the lower the indicator, the lighter the material.
• The level of sound insulation indicates the possibilities for reducing penetrating noise. All popular heat insulators have this quality to a sufficient extent.
• Environmental friendliness - the criterion determines the safety of the insulation for health. For exterior finish it is not critical, but natural materials are preferable to synthetic ones.
• The complexity of installation - if the work is done by one's own hands, it is necessary to choose a simple and understandable technology for laying thermal insulation.

The list of popular materials for cladding a house outside includes a few products:

• Styrofoam;
• extruded polystyrene foam;
• mineral wool;
• warm plaster.

They have a different composition, cost and installation features. Let's consider each material in detail.

Styrofoam - plates made of expanded polystyrene, which is a cell with gas. This structure provides low thermal conductivity of 0.032-0.039, good sound insulation and light weight. The foam density is 35-50 kg / m3, the recommended layer thickness is 10 cm. The material is able to absorb moisture, therefore it requires waterproofing. The downside of the insulation is flammability, vapor tightness and sensitivity to light.

Extruded polystyrene foam - the product has the properties of foam, but in an improved version. The material does not absorb water, it is more durable and easy to process, its thermal conductivity is 0.028-0.032. The cost of extruded polystyrene foam boards is higher than other materials for thermal insulation.

Mineral wool is one of the best heaters, it does not burn, is safe, has a low density - 35-125 kg / m3. The raw materials for the material are glass, stone and slag. Air voids of 10-15 cm remain between the fibers, due to which the mineral wool has a thermal conductivity of 0.04-0.045, absorbs noise well and passes steam. For effective protection, a layer of 10-15 cm is needed.

The product is available in the form of rolls, mats and plates. Basalt wool in the slab version is characterized by resistance to deformation and increased density - 75-150 kg/m3. the material fits easily into the frame and does not cause problems during installation. The only drawback of mineral wool is its high water absorption, which requires mandatory waterproofing. The heater is affordable, which contributes to its popularity.

Warm plaster - a dry mixture of cement, lime, plasticizers and additives from expanded polystyrene granules, expanded clay, perlite. The material is somewhat inferior in terms of thermal insulation - 0.06-0.065, but has many advantages: it does not burn, has vapor permeability, is resistant to moisture and microorganisms, and isolates sound well. Plaster has a significant density of 200-350 kg / m3, so it puts an additional load on the foundation. The maximum insulation thickness is 5 cm.

Talking about how to insulate a brick house from the outside, one should not miss the opportunity to finish with thermal panels. This material is characterized by a low thermal conductivity of 0.025 with a small thickness of 60-100 mm. The basis of the product is polyurethane foam, the decorative part is made of ceramic tiles. The material is resistant to frost and moisture, quickly mounted and does not require additional finishing.

Thermal insulation technology with mineral wool

Insulation of a brick house is carried out in two ways:

• creation of a ventilated facade;
• « wet facade”, gluing plates to walls.

Mineral wool is optimally suited for the first method, which involves the creation of a crate and a multilayer cake with vapor and waterproofing.

1. On the surface of the walls, a crate is stuffed from a bar treated with an antiseptic composition, or a metal profile. The guides are placed in increments less than the width of the insulation by 2 cm. This will allow you to lay the material more densely.
2. Mineral wool is laid between the bars and covered with a waterproofing sheet.
3. The film is attached to the crate with a stapler.
4. Thin slats are stuffed over the protection against moisture, which will provide an air gap between the insulation and the cladding.
5. Siding is attached to the rails.

Basalt wool slabs are strong enough to be mounted without a frame. Proper laying of insulation begins with screwing a horizontal metal profile at the bottom, which will keep the material from slipping. The plates are fixed with special glue and dowels with a wide cap. Each row starts with an offset. After finishing all surfaces of the facade, a mesh is laid on the mineral wool and a layer of plaster is applied.

Insulation of the house with foam plastic according to the principle of "wet facade"

Panels of foam or extruded polystyrene foam are attached to the wall using a simple technique called "wet facade" due to the presence of processes that require drying.

1. A brick wall is being prepared: cleaning from dirt, eliminating defects, priming.
2. A metal profile is attached at the basement level, which will become a beacon when laying the first row and a drip for moisture.
   Glue is applied pointwise to the insulation plates, and they are pressed against the wall.
3. Additional fastening is carried out with dowels - in the corners and in the center.
4. Work starts from the bottom of the corner, the rows are stacked with an offset for the stability of the structure.
5. Lay on top of the finished insulation plastic mesh for reinforcement and apply a thin base layer of plaster.
6. After the solution has dried, priming and final finishing with decorative plaster are performed.

How to apply warm plaster on the walls?

Working with insulating plaster will take time, especially in the absence of painting skills. To properly prepare the solution, the mixture is diluted according to the instructions.

1. Brick walls are cleaned, protruding parts are removed. The surface is primed with a penetrating compound.
2. A plaster mesh and beacons are attached to create a common plane.
3. The prepared solution is applied to the walls. The thickness of the layer depends on climatic conditions, but it should not exceed 5 cm.
4. On the finished surface, you can create a different decorative texture.

The considered heaters can be used in any region, the thickness of effective thermal insulation is calculated according to local climatic characteristics.

home » Roof types » Insulation of the facade of a house made of silicate bricks. The better and how to insulate a brick house outside with modern materials