How to make a greenhouse out of nothing. From what and how to make a greenhouse yourself: detailed instructions

The direct purpose of the greenhouse lies in protecting plants from adverse factors, of which there are a great many. Creating a favorable microclimate in the greenhouse, which is best suited for cultivated crops, increasing their yield by several times. And greens and fresh vegetables can be obtained much earlier compared to open ground. It is no secret for everyone that their price in the winter-spring period is an order of magnitude higher than seasonal ones. Therefore, growing crops in greenhouses is highly cost-effective.

Place for a greenhouse

If you are wondering how to make a greenhouse with your own hands, it is recommended to ask common factors that influence the choice of greenhouse. This step should be taken carefully, because you will have to buy a greenhouse for more than one year. By the way, average term The useful life of such a design is close to 10 years.

To choose a place to build a greenhouse, you need to remember that the main purpose lies in the successful growth of seeds and comfortable conditions for fruit ripening. Therefore, it is better to allocate a flat place on the site that is well protected from the wind and where sunlight enters in sufficient quantities. Therefore, it is worth installing a greenhouse in a place where there are no objects that create a large shadow.

It is not recommended to place the greenhouse near fences and trees. However, sometimes placing a tree near a greenhouse is not a disadvantage, because in the summer it protects the structure from overheating, and in winter frosts allows the sun, dropping leaves, to penetrate through the branches and heat the greenhouse. You just need to make sure that it does not grow too much. But near coniferous tree, which preserves the cover all year round, the greenhouse cannot be placed.

Consider also the presence of buildings near the greenhouse. It may turn out that the sun will be located above the roof in summer, and in winter, on the contrary, it will not be able to rise so high, and the building will completely shade the greenhouse all year round. It should be remembered that the greenhouse requires the supply of electricity, water and gas. Therefore, you should not place the greenhouse far from energy sources.

If you are aiming to build a winter greenhouse and grow plants in the cold season, then remember that the snow cover that is located around the greenhouse can directly reflect Sun rays. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that the snow on the greenhouse cover does not interfere with the penetration of lighting.

Greenhouses, greenhouses and greenhouses should be installed on a flat surface. Installation on sloping soil provokes the destruction of the frame, because the snow load in winter is distributed unevenly and is very significant for mid-latitudes.

Dimensions and shape of the greenhouse

When building a greenhouse, it is recommended to determine the dimensions in advance. To do this, you need to pay attention to the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe site where the greenhouse will be located, and decide how much you will grow plants and what grows next to the greenhouse.

The most popular forms are arched and gable greenhouses. To correctly determine the right greenhouse shape for your land plot, you need to pay attention to two points:

• Before making a purchase, try to determine what you will be growing. For low crops (undersized tomatoes, eggplant and peppers), you should choose an arched greenhouse. Tall crops (tall tomatoes, flowers and cucumbers) better fit gable.
• You should not forget about your own preferences, because the greenhouse should please you with its appearance.

The base of the greenhouse can be made in the form of a circle, trapezoid or rectangle, as well as their various variations. The most successful is the round greenhouse-tent, which uses sunlight efficiently. The frame material is PVC, wood or metal.

Coating materials

If you are interested in what you can make a greenhouse from, then remember that each material for covering the greenhouse has its own advantages and disadvantages. Greenhouse film attracts with its easy replacement, low price, low design requirements, the possibility of using a frame made of wood or metal. The shape of the greenhouse in this case can be traditional arched or arched with straight walls.

A film that is well stretched over an arched structure can be safely left for the winter. The film quietly serves up to 4 years. The disadvantages include instability to mechanical damage and low thermal insulation.

But greenhouses covered with expensive short-lived film, as well as fragile glass structures, are a thing of the past. Such structures were replaced by polycarbonate material, which is more attractive in terms of its characteristics - good light transmission and thermal conductivity, strength and price. That's why cellular polycarbonate and has become by far the most popular material for covering greenhouses.

The main advantage of polycarbonate is its lightness and the use of such a greenhouse for up to 10 years. The possibility of bending the sheet under the greenhouse arch provides a significant increase in the load from snow. The frame is usually metal. The size of the greenhouse walls and the length of the arches depend on the size of the polycarbonate sheet.

If the covering material of the greenhouse is a double-glazed window or glass, then the frame design requires reinforcement with floor trusses and internal drains. The undoubted advantages of glass are its light transmission, durability of use and warmth. But the stringent requirements of the frame due to the severity and fragility of glass lead to an increase in the popularity of replacing glass with polycarbonate.

Frame materials

There are several frame options on the market at the moment. Galvanized profile: such a frame is protected from corrosion, but at the same time it has low strength indicators. It uses thin sheets of steel, which can easily be deformed.

The steel frame, which is coated with powder paint, is a fairly durable material, but it is not durable due to corrosion. The material is also characterized by high thermal conductivity, which has a bad effect on the yield in some cases.

Galvanized steel square profile is called the best option for developers who are interested in how to make a greenhouse. This profile shows high performance durability and corrosion resistance due to galvanization.

Greenhouse foundation

The foundation of the greenhouse, in addition to the standard purpose, additionally performs an important function, being an integral part of the pocket in which high ridges are placed. Given the fact that the foundation is an element general design greenhouses in its lower part, combining brick and concrete in itself, it should not “walk” in the spring when the soil thaws, as this will otherwise lead to the formation of cracks and cause deformation of the arched structure.

Possible cracking of the glazing of the greenhouse. Almost every gardener faced this issue at the stage of building a garden house, so it is necessary to determine in advance the most acceptable options for dealing with certain deformations.

Laying the foundation for a greenhouse involves the need to calculate the depth of soil freezing. Under the foundation, it is desirable to dig a trench, which is usually filled with sand with gradual tamping. The filling height must be at least 20 centimeters below the ground.

Around such a groove, you need to put a formwork 20 centimeters high directly above the soil. Along the entire perimeter, metal reinforcement is laid in the formwork, and then it is poured with concrete. With the help of such simple manipulations, it will be possible to create a foundation for a greenhouse in the form of a strong reinforced concrete belt, and the susceptibility to the influence of earth movement is excluded.

Frame construction and coating

The strength of the greenhouse frame allows you to reliably protect the crop from rain and wind. The construction of the frame should begin with marking the site. First of all, you need to decide what will be the dimensions for the future greenhouse. The standard option is a compact structure for suburban area measuring 6 by 3 meters.

After that, you can begin to assemble the greenhouse frame itself. To do this, strengthen the support posts in the soil in pre-dug holes. Along the perimeter of the structure in the amount of 6 side bars with a length of 2.15 m with 3 central bars, which have a length of 3 meters. For bars, the cross section should be 10 centimeters.

After that, the bars must be deepened at a distance of about 40-50 centimeters, followed by careful fixation. Fastening of horizontal beams is carried out along the upper part of each support. The legs of the rafters must be fixed at a step of 0.5-0.6 meters. On the north side, after that, install a door frame measuring 0.7 by 1.8 meters with further hanging the door.

Then it is recommended to make a couple. From thin boards or logs, create a rectangular frame for the north and south wooden shields. The frames are deepened by approximately 40-50 centimeters, they are covered with biofuel, which is covered with a sufficient amount of straw and covered with a thick layer of soil. Please note that the northern lad of your greenhouse should be raised 10-15 centimeters above the southern lad, which is necessary for even distribution sunlight.

At this stage, the film should be stretched on the frame of the greenhouse. It is better if a film of whole pieces is used for this purpose. From the end of the side of the greenhouse are completely closed with a film. It is necessary to fix the film using wooden slats- they are nailed directly to the supports themselves.

Creation of ventilation

In the construction of protected ground under the influence of solar heat, a greenhouse effect is created. In the greenhouse, due to the rapid rise, air stagnates, which is an ideal environment for the spread of diseases and the reproduction of pests.

Therefore, it is recommended to regulate the microclimate in the greenhouse by creating a ventilation system that provides the inflow fresh air and maintains optimum humidity. The mode of operation of the ventilation system must be coordinated with the operation of shading and heating devices.

To ventilate greenhouses, it is customary to use side and roof windows, as well as doors. The surface of devices that are intended for ventilation should reach 20% of the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe building. Airing contributes to the hardening of fruit and vegetable crops, useful for seedlings that are grown for planting in open soil. Two weeks before planting seedlings, it is necessary to ventilate the greenhouse day and night. In the afternoon it is worth finishing the airing no later than 16 hours.

To keep the room warm, do not allow drafts and strong gusts of wind to penetrate inside. When air is heated, its density decreases and it rises. If you place the vents under the ridge, then through them it will go out warm air, and to replace it through the doors, the gaps between the glasses and the cracks will flow cold.

In small greenhouses, it is enough to build 1 window on each side of the roof. In general, for every 2 meters of the length of the greenhouse, there should be at least 2 vents. If you have built a large greenhouse where you plan to grow alpine plants, in this case you will have to equip a continuous row of windows on both sides of the roof.

To speed up cooling and ensure complete air exchange, it is necessary to arrange side windows in the frame, which will be located slightly above the ground surface or at the level of the racks. They can be made in the usual way or as blinds. The second option is best practiced if you plan to grow orchids and other tropical plants in the greenhouse. Side windows are not suitable for such plants, because strong air currents pass through them on windy days, which can harm the flowers.

Thus, you already know how to build a greenhouse with your own hands, choose a place for a greenhouse and its shape. Depending on your goals and financial capabilities, select the material for the coating and frame. Be sure to remember about ventilation and the process of air exchange in the greenhouse.

First of all, the greenhouse is designed to protect various garden and garden plants from the effects of negative atmospheric factors (hail, rain, snow, wind, and so on).

A favorable atmosphere is created inside the structure, which makes it possible to grow various fruit crops, and their yield in such conditions increases several times.

As for vegetables and herbs, their harvest time comes much earlier compared to the same species if they are grown outdoors.

A huge advantage of installing greenhouses on garden plot is the fact that an excellent harvest, and in the case of some crops and more than once, can provide vegetables and herbs for the entire winter-spring period.

This can be very cost-effective, especially considering that the price of these products in stores during the indicated period of time is quite high.

A place to install a greenhouse

The idea to build a greenhouse with their own hands comes to the mind of many gardeners and gardeners. But before starting work, you must first familiarize yourself with the stages of construction of this structure and, most importantly, determine the shape of the greenhouse and its location.

It must be remembered that it is not set for one year. The average time of its operation can be almost ten years.

The best option in this matter would be to consult with specialists. Their advice can be obtained either directly (if such a master is included in the social circle) or via the Internet.

• The place where the greenhouse will be installed must be flat, protected from wind loads. At the same time, the sun's rays must completely cover and heat the structure.
• No need to arrange a greenhouse in dark places, near a fence or trees.

• When winter version greenhouses and growing plants in the cold season, it must be taken into account that the snow that has fallen on the coating of the structure may prevent the penetration of sunlight. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that this does not happen and remove the snow caps in time.

In addition, due to insufficient supply of light and water heat to the greenhouse, it is possible to organize the supply of electricity and arrange irrigation in the greenhouse by installing an irrigation system.

Where to start building a greenhouse?

When building any structure, including greenhouses, it is best to start the process with design. Create drawings of the greenhouse, reflecting its external forms and the main materials that will be used for its construction.

The structure itself can be small, with an area of ​​​​about two by three meters and a height of two and a half meters. Or large, three by six meters in area with a similar height.

Of the most popular configurations that are used when installing greenhouses, arched and gable greenhouses stand out. When choosing one of the species, not the last, and perhaps the most important role is played by the factor of choosing the types of crops that will be grown in the greenhouse in the future.

For instance, arch type more suitable for planting low-growing crops, that is, tomatoes, eggplants, peppers. The gable type will contribute to the better growth of tall crops (tomatoes of this species, cucumbers and flowers).

In general, creating a good greenhouse project is not difficult. If you can’t do this on your own, then on the Internet there are always various standard projects of such structures at your disposal.

Selection of materials for coating and frame

One of the most common base materials used in the construction of greenhouses is polycarbonate. Its attractiveness comes from a number of characteristics, the advantages of this material in comparison with other types of materials used in the construction of similar garden structures, such as film or glass.

Note!

Among the main characteristics are: light transmission, thermal conductivity and strength. One of the main advantages of the material is its lightness and plasticity. Internal composition polycarbonate allows you to bend sheets without the risk of destruction.

In addition, an additional advantage is the price component. Polycarbonate is considered a cheap material, which further increases its demand.

Already in the direct process of installing polycarbonate sheets, it is best to use a double sheet fastening system. Rigid and with opening. Thus, a ventilation system is formed in the greenhouse.

Having decided on the material for covering the greenhouse, you can proceed to the selection of the frame. There is a wide range of profiles that can be used when installing a frame system. This includes metal pipes with a round, rectangular or square section.

Each designated type has its own advantages and disadvantages. The most suitable are galvanized square pipes. This profile is perfectly characterized by high strength, as well as the presence of galvanization, which protects the structure from corrosion.

However, plastic is gaining wide popularity among materials today. Metal pipes are in many ways inferior to plastic pipes, and this has already been appreciated by many.

Note!

A plastic greenhouse is a modern, high-quality construction that has many positive qualities due to the special properties of the material.

Of these, it is worth noting that plastic pipes easy to cut, glue and weld. This is an environmentally friendly material that is not subject to corrosion, mold, and can withstand various atmospheric loads.

Considering appearance greenhouses, you can choose either rigid PVC pipes for gable or single slope structures, or flexible PP or PVC pipes for arched types.

In the end, whatever the choice of someone for whom a greenhouse made of pipes with their own hands is already a decision, he can always compare and choose the most best option frame.

Foundation for a greenhouse

Of course, it is not worth installing a greenhouse on clean ground. A foundation is needed. In the expectation that the structure itself belongs to lightweight types, however, requiring stability, the basis for it is made as follows:

Note!

• A trench is being dug.
• Sand bedding is arranged with tamping 20 centimeters thick.
• Formwork is placed along the trench around the entire perimeter on both sides.
• Fits on the bottom of the trench reinforcing mesh over the entire area of ​​the sandy base.
• The trench is filled with concrete. The upper level mark of the concrete is equal to the width of the installed formwork board.

When performing these works, it must be remembered that if the greenhouse itself is installed very quickly (within one or two days), then it will take almost a month for a good setting when laying the foundation. Therefore, such work should be done in advance.

Final stage

When the design is completely ready, it will be possible to proceed to the internal equipment. Placing beds and passages, determining the places for piping for irrigation, and so on.

Many people like to take pictures of their work. Some prefer to shoot the whole process of work, while others like to take pictures of the results of work.

But with special pride, friends and acquaintances are always presented with a photo of a greenhouse made by their own hands, where tomatoes, eggplants and all kinds of other vegetables and herbs are already ripening to their full height.

DIY greenhouse photo

The presence of a greenhouse in a summer cottage is a common occurrence. Using different materials, you can build greenhouses of various shapes and sizes. Work in them begins in early spring and ends in autumn. Having your own vegetables is not only economical, but also safe, as you can be sure of their quality. That is why many have a desire to equip a winter greenhouse. You can grow vegetables and fruits in it all year round, even if it's cold outside.

Can an amateur summer resident build such a structure? In fact, not much time and money is needed to build and equip a winter greenhouse, so you can handle the tasks on your own. In this article, we will tell you how to build a winter greenhouse with your own hands, demonstrate the necessary drawings, as well as photo and video instructions.

Features and differences from the summer greenhouse

During the construction of a winter greenhouse, unlike a summer one, a strong and robust design. She stands on a foundation. In addition, the heating system works in the winter greenhouse. It is from the latter that the quality and constancy of the temperature inside will depend. Every winter greenhouse should have:

• lighting;
• heating;
• ventilation;
• watering.

The size of the greenhouse must be selected according to the number of crops to be grown. The coating material must be reliable. A simple film will not protect crops from frost and snow. It is also important to provide for the possibility of additional wall insulation.

When designing a winter greenhouse, several conditions must be met for good growth plants: light and temperature regime, as well as air humidity.

The main types of winter greenhouses

A modern winter greenhouse can be built from various materials. Today, the construction market is filled with innovative materials. They are durable, lightweight and affordable price. This allows you to pick up everything you need within even a small planned budget. At the preparatory stage, it is necessary to plan the design. Her choice will depend solely on the plants that are planned to be grown.

Types of winter greenhouses are distinguished not only by the materials used, but also by external forms.

1. Shed - wall and with earth embankment.
2. Gable - with main walls and a glazed roof.
3. Polycarbonate arched.

1. First of all, the parameters are calculated, since further calculations will depend on this.
2. It is also necessary to take into account the functionality, that is, to know in advance the features of growing crops. In modern and modernized winter greenhouses, you can grow not only vegetables and fruits, but also mushrooms, herbs, and flowers.
3. The microclimate inside the structure will depend on the correct location of the greenhouse at ground level. If desired, the structure can be deepened inside and get the effect of a thermos or start building on the surface. Some people prefer to equip greenhouses in old buildings (garage or barn).
4. Big variety architectural solutions allows you to embody any ideas and ideas. You can build the structure yourself or buy a finished structure. You can also seek help from specialists.

Many grow flowers of various crops for sale. When choosing exotic plants, it is necessary to calculate all costs, as well as study the requirements for construction.

When developing a project, it is necessary to take into account the material with which the frame will be sheathed. The winter greenhouse must be strong and airtight, therefore, for arranging the frame, choose:

• wood;
• metal.

Both materials are very durable, so making a choice in the direction of one or the other is quite difficult. Metal is strong and durable, but wood is much easier to work with. In addition, the tree will not heat up at high summer temperatures. To support the weight of the entire structure, as well as the load of snow on the roof, it is necessary to use strong and thick posts.

Frame material:

• film;
• glass;
• cellular polycarbonate.

When choosing a film, it is necessary to sheathe the frame not in one layer, but in several. In addition, you should not use it to equip the entire structure. Glass also has many disadvantages: heavy weight, fragility and complexity of installation. by the most suitable material for the winter greenhouse is cellular polycarbonate. The advantages include: low weight, light transmission, as well as ease of installation.

According to experts, the microclimate in a greenhouse made of wood is several times better than that of metal. When choosing a tree, it must be treated with modern antiseptics and protective agents.

When choosing a site for the construction of a winter greenhouse, it is necessary to take into account three main factors:

1. Light. The winter greenhouse should receive the maximum amount of sunlight. The greenhouse is best placed along the length from west to east.
2. Wind. If there are often gusty and cold winds in a selected place, it is necessary to consider protection. This will save on heating and constantly maintain an acceptable temperature and microclimate.
3. Convenience. Access or passage to the greenhouse should be wide and convenient. Thanks to this, it will be very convenient to operate the greenhouse for its intended purpose.

When organizing protection from strong winds, you can plant a hedge. It must be remembered that the fence must be placed at a distance of at least 10 m. The distance is calculated depending on the height of the ridge.

The most basic in a winter greenhouse is heating. This process is the most time-consuming and complex. For its organization, the help of specialists is required. But you can do everything yourself. It is necessary to choose the right type of heating, on which the productivity of the greenhouse will depend. Today, there are many ways to equip even a large area to heat. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages:

1. The sun. Affordable and cheap option. But it is not suitable for winter, since the sun's rays are not so strong and will not be able to warm. It can be combined with other heat sources.
2. biological heating. Biologically active substances decompose, due to this, heat is released. The simplest biological substance is manure. As with the sun, this method will not be able to fully heat even a small area.
3. Electricity. Affordable and popular heating method. It can be installed in any area away from home. For it, you can use different electrical appliances: convectors, heaters, infrared radiation, cable heating, heat pump and water heating.
4. Air heating. It is organized at the initial stage of construction of a winter greenhouse, in particular, when pouring the foundation. With the help of heating and ventilation units, warm air is supplied to the middle and upper parts of the greenhouse.
5. Gas. Gas heaters are installed in the greenhouse, in which direct combustion takes place. To avoid oxygen burnout, it is necessary to provide good system ventilation.
6. Bake. An affordable and economical option involves installing a stove and heating the entire area of ​​​​the winter greenhouse. Gas, wood and coal can be used as fuel. Among the shortcomings, heating of the walls can be distinguished, so it is not recommended to plant plants near the stove.

It is necessary to choose the type of heating on an individual basis for each specific case. It is necessary to be guided by such criteria as the local climate, the planned budget and the type of plants.

Stages of construction of a winter greenhouse

Since the stages of construction and technology are completely dependent on materials and construction, there is no need to talk about standards. For example, we will consider the construction of a winter greenhouse, which is adjacent to the house. A brick is chosen for the foundation. The frame is built from a wooden beam or profile pipe. The entire structure will be sheathed with polycarbonate.

To create the effect of a thermos, you can not go deep into the ground, but only raise the base. The depth of the foundation is 50 cm, the width is 40 cm. For convenience, it is better to make a strip foundation. Do not forget about the sand cushion or use fine gravel. The execution steps are standard and do not require any professional skills and equipment. After pouring, it is recommended to withstand the foundation for a week. On hot days, the surface is moistened with water. A layer of waterproofing should be laid between the foundation and the plinth.

For the construction of the basement, you can use used bricks. If the financial side allows, then a new brick is selected. The height of the wall should be about 1 m. The thickness of the walls can be half a brick or a brick, at your own discretion. The frame is built from a durable and pre-treated wooden beam. Anchors and dowels act as fasteners. Thus, a skeleton is installed, which will be a reliable support for heavy loads. The frame under the roof must be made at an angle of 30 ° from the horizon line.

The frame should be sheathed with polycarbonate according to the standard scheme and technology. For a good result, several conditions must be met:

• marking;
• precise cutting;
• accuracy of installation;
• the use of special fasteners;
• sealing polycarbonate seams for tightness.

Several vents installed around the entire perimeter can serve as ventilation.

For greater savings, it is recommended to choose a place near the house. Thanks to this, one of the walls is already completely ready, so you do not have to spend time, effort and money. So that in the main part of the greenhouse it is constantly warm at front door it is necessary to attach a vestibule. For good sealing, you can use mounting foam and special sealants.

After all the construction and sealing work has been completed in full, you can proceed with the arrangement. So, it is necessary to supply water to the greenhouse, electricity for lighting. It is important to take care of the valves, which will provide high-quality water supply.

When choosing sources of light scattering, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of growing the selected crops. Not less than important issue is the soil. The substrate is prepared, fertilizers and special additives (feeding) are applied. They will ensure the rapid and correct growth of all vegetables and fruits that have been selected.

Guided by the suggested tips, you can build and prepare a winter greenhouse for growing various crops in just a few days. winter time. It is enough to use all the available materials and purchase the missing ones. You can do all the work alone, but it is better to have an assistant, especially when it comes to installing the skeleton of a winter greenhouse.

Video

For information on how to make heating in a winter greenhouse, see the video:

Blueprints

A photo

Construction from polypropylene pipes is different the availability and reasonable cost of the material, which, moreover, has light weight and strength, does not rot like wood and does not corrode like metal.

To these figures one can add another a number of features inherent in plastic construction:

• simple installation;
• the ability to move to another location if necessary;
• a greenhouse can be built in almost any shape and size;
• the material is not affected by high and low temperatures and high humidity;
• polypropylene is environmentally friendly to soil and plants;
• PVC pipes s are distinguished by a long service life, due to which the greenhouse frame made of this material will last more than one year.

How to make a simple greenhouse for a summer residence yourself from improvised means?

Types of frame made of plastic pipes

According to the shape of the structure, the frames can be gable and arched. Each option has both positive and negative sides.

Arched frame

TO benefits This building includes the following indicators:

• the quality of lighting is better than in other types of buildings;
• resistance to strong winds, snowstorms and other atmospheric phenomena. Reliably reinforced construction confidently withstands snow loads and gusts of wind;
• the ability to increase the length of the greenhouse by adding additional sections;
• ease of installation of the coating, which can be used as a film or polycarbonate. The coating can be continuous or be separate fragments in the form of large sheets;
• the presence of a minimum number of seams that require high-quality sealing.

Here is the simplest greenhouse with an arched frame you can build with your own hands in the country and in the garden (photo above).

disadvantages:

• if it is necessary to equip the greenhouse with multi-tiered beds, it will be very difficult to install racks and shelves in it;
• difficulties with the arrangement of the ventilation system. For high-quality ventilation of the greenhouse, it is often necessary to have side transoms in it, the installation of which entails some difficulties, due to the peculiarities of the arched structure;
• limited choice of covering material. Only soft and flexible products are suitable as a coating.

gable frame

pros:

• in heavy rains, water flows freely along the pitched roof;
• the room can easily be equipped with high-quality ventilation by installing the required number of vents that will ensure the exit of hot air accumulating under the roof;
• opportunity to grow high cultures, planting them even along the side walls;
• the gable roof prevents the accumulation of snow, and when sliding down, the snow cover does not press on the frame and coating.

Minuses:

• assembly gable design represents more difficult option in comparison with the arched structure;
• required for installation large quantity building materials, which, accordingly, entails higher costs.

Covering material

There are many coverage options available today. But, in order to meet the budget project, it is worth considering the most suitable materials for this purpose, namely - polyethylene and small thickness cellular polycarbonate.

Film coating

Do you want the simplest greenhouse with your own hands? This material is characterized by high elasticity and tensile strength.

It stretches well in width and length and has good transparency, allowing up to 80-90% of sunlight to pass through.

The film must have sufficient to resist natural phenomena density, so it is desirable to use a high-density material.

The film coating has its own limitations:

• simple unstabilized polyethylene is subject to aging and destruction under the influence of high temperatures and ultraviolet rays;
• with an increase in humidity in the room, the film becomes covered with condensate, which creates a reflective screen, as a result of which the light transmission of the material deteriorates;
• falling drops of condensate cause damage to plants, and the wet surface of the film is covered with dust, which also causes a deterioration in the transparency of polyethylene.

Cellular polycarbonate up to 4 mm thick

In a greenhouse covered with a material 4 mm thick, it is only possible seasonal plant growing. The service life of the structure is limited in this case in late spring and summer. However, it is the most transparent and inexpensive polycarbonate. In such a room it is good to grow early vegetables, but it is not suitable for forcing seedlings.

Thin polycarbonate construction - great option for those who do not plan to plant crops in the cold season.

You should not use the "four" to shelter the winter greenhouse, as it is not able to protect the room from the cold.

As for the thinner polycarbonate (3.5-3.8 mm), it is not classified as a structural material, so it is only suitable for vertical mounting.

Preparation for construction

It all starts with choosing a site for construction, which should be well lit and protected from drafts. In this case, it should be borne in mind that it is better to arrange the buildings in such a way that so that its ends look north and south. This will provide better lighting and natural heating of the room.

• type of foundation;
• type of construction (portable or stationary);
• step size between bearing elements.

If planned building a winter greenhouse, then for such a structure it is important to have a solid foundation, which will provide the structure with reliable stability during heavy snowfalls.

For temporary construction good as a foundation wooden base. Below are more details about each type.

Types of foundations for a greenhouse

Beam base. As a material for the construction of such a foundation, a bar with a section of 120x120 mm is used.

Before laying the timber, shallow grooves (5-10 cm) should be dug under it, into which the roofing material is laid. It will protect the wood from ground moisture.

The advantage of such a foundation is the possibility of dismantling the structure with the onset of the winter season. The disadvantage is that after a few seasons, the timber will become unusable as a result of decay.

block foundation. It is a reinforced version, which is quite suitable for non-separable winter structures. The construction of this structure includes the following steps:

A pillow of gravel about 10 cm thick is laid on the leveled soil.

The stacked block is set exactly with the help of a level.

All other blocks are placed in the same way.

Upon completion of the installation, the joints between the blocks are sealed with mortar.

For a greenhouse foundation, hollow blocks are quite suitable, which, after installation, are filled with cement mortar.

Whatever goals the owner of the summer cottage pursues, whether it be seasonal or year-round cultivation of crops, the use of PVC pipes will allow significantly reduce construction time and save money.

As a rule, planting is done in the spring, but you need to take care of the conditions, in particular, we are talking about protection from low temperatures. Especially when it comes to vegetables.

Greenhouses and greenhouses do an excellent job with this task. How to make it from almost improvised materials and see below.

How is a greenhouse different from a greenhouse?

Before delving into the question of how to make a greenhouse, let's decide what is the difference between a greenhouse and a greenhouse:

• The greenhouse is used for growing seedlings and further planting in open beds, while plants can be in the greenhouse all year round;
• The required temperature level in the greenhouse is maintained due to the presence of compost or manure in the soil, while in the greenhouse there is an additional, third-party heating source;
• It is possible to grow trees in a greenhouse, but this cannot be done in a greenhouse.

What are greenhouses?

A greenhouse can be stationary or portable (a photo of a greenhouse in the country is presented below).

A stationary greenhouse can have all kinds of shapes, the most common model is a butterfly (it got its name due to the doors opening on both sides).

Portable more often in the form of a tunnel. The main material in both cases is a polymer film.

From all this it follows that it is quite possible to make a greenhouse with your own hands, this is the same creative process as growing cucumbers, tomatoes, etc.

Material selection

Before considering how to make a greenhouse with your own hands, let's deal with the issue of choosing a material.

When choosing a material, it must be borne in mind that it must meet the following requirements:

• Good light transmission;
• Resistance to various kinds of deformations, with strong gusts of wind, for example;
• Easy to install and assemble the whole structure;
• Durability.

As for the materials used, the cheapest, and most importantly practical, is the film, and here are its types:

• polyethylene;
• stabilized film;
• polyvinyl chloride.

Covering materials include:

• agril;
• lutrasil.

In order to finally decide and understand which material is preferable, it is necessary to compare them, and consider the pros and cons of each.

Glass

The advantages of glass include: it transmits approximately 94% of the light, serves for a long time, retains heat.

By cons: it gets very hot in the summer, a strong load on the main frame.

Film

The advantages of this material include: low cost, low weight, no foundation is needed.

Note!

By cons: fragility, difficult to wash.

Polycarbonate

Pros: good light transmission, high level of thermal insulation, lightweight and durable.

What to use to make a frame for a greenhouse

The frame is a kind of basis for a greenhouse, most often it is made of wood or plastic, less often of metal pipes.

wooden frame

The main plus is its environmental friendliness. It is also worth noting that it is very simple in terms of installation.

For installation, you will need the following tools: hammer, screwdriver, saw, nails, rubber as a sealing element, wooden bars, ruler.

Note!

It is advisable to cover with drying oil before the installation process wooden elements future design.

Execution sequence

First of all, a beam is attached to the mortgage mount, which will then become the base. Then the main beam is placed around the perimeter of the foundation, and temporarily everything is fastened with nails.

Side and corner beams are fastened with a bar diagonally. door frame installed on the side rails. The cornice is attached to the top of the side and corner beams.

Roof

In the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe points where the vertical beams are fixed, it is necessary to remove a beam, the length of which is 2 m. The roof beams must be fixed at an angle equal to 30 degrees, they are connected to each other by a beam. In the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe end points, they must be supported by vertical guides.

Final fixing roof frame done with the help of corners and strips on self-tapping screws.

Note!

Doorway

The door frame is attached first. Do not forget in the middle and upper part of the opening is fixed with special stiffeners.

Application of metal pipes

A greenhouse, as mentioned above, can be made from metal pipes, and also with your own hands. This design is more durable.

You will need: a welding machine, a hammer, a grinder, a special nozzle for working with metal (disk).

The pipe is divided into two identical parts. Tees are welded to the edges of the base pipe, crosses are welded every half a meter. The cut off elements must be welded to the crosses.

Special tees are attached to the arc to secure the door pillar.

Covering the greenhouse

After the frame is ready, you can start covering.

Film

The easiest material to use is film. It is necessary to cover the entire structure, leaving a margin of 15 cm, and then cut off.

Polycarbonate

The front side of polycarbonate, the one where the picture is shown. First you need to cut the sheets. Seal the cuts from above with sealing tape, perforated from below.

First, polycarbonate is attached from above, then on the sides. Mounted on the frame with a special profile, as well as rubber gaskets.

At the end, a seal and door fittings are installed.

Ventilation

In greenhouses, in order to create ventilation (ventilation), you just need to open the doors, but it is advisable to do this in warm weather.

A greenhouse is an indispensable thing for a gardener who is going to harvest a large crop of tomatoes, cucumbers and other vegetables in the future, by approaching the design wisely and following all the instructions, everything will definitely work out.

DIY greenhouse photo

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