Ischemic disease symptoms and treatment. Symptoms and signs of coronary heart disease

IHD symptoms and treatment is a serious topic, very necessary for those who have already been diagnosed in a medical card - coronary heart disease, doctors - this disease is reduced for convenience - (CHD). It does not hurt to study this topic for those who have crossed the threshold for 40 years.

IHD symptoms and treatment of the disease:

The disease is very serious, associated with a change in cholesterol in the blood (low and very low density), but it is not only the culprit. Problems with blood vessels begin, which means that the heart will suffer.

Ischemic disease is a large group of disorders in the work of the heart. The most important thing is a violation of the oxygen supply of the myocardium (heart muscle) of the heart.

The reason for this is very serious - the narrowing of the coronary vessels, sometimes their complete blockage. They strictly supply blood to our heart, the main organ that pumps blood throughout our body.

If to tell you plain language The heart is a muscle, about the size of your fist. From the heart, blood is pumped to our lungs, accumulating oxygen there. The oxygen-rich blood is pumped back to the heart and then throughout the body through the arteries.

Already through our veins, the blood returns back to the heart and back to the lungs. Blood continuously circulates in our body - we are healthy.

Coronary vessels are located on the surface of the heart, so they supply the heart with oxygen. If we are not narrowed, we are healthy, with deviations, ischemia begins. This is especially noticeable during physical labor or any load.

What can IBS lead to:

Otherwise, myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiac arrest develops.

• An ordinary citizen, ignoring his health, will not notice any manifestation of up to 50% narrowing of the coronary vessels of the heart.
• That's when the narrowing reaches 70 - 80%, the patient begins to feel acute attacks - angina pectoris. Such patients are prone to heart attacks.
• The culprit is, and its development provokes the notorious bad cholesterol of high and very high density.
• The patient experiences pain behind his chest, in his left arm, back, throat, neck, or lower jaw. Behind the sternum burns, presses.
• The appearance of nausea, heartburn, dyspepsia.
• Strong weakness, fear.
• Sometimes even my teeth hurt.
• Heartbeat begins, heart rhythm disturbance.
• Strong sweating.

What happens at the same time in the vessels:

• Inside the vessel on its walls, various salts begin to grow: calcium, fat. They are called plaques. The elastic tissue inside the vessel becomes rigid. From muscular, it turns into a connective one.
• Vessels are sealed, they can no longer pass blood as before.
• The heart begins to experience the entire lack of oxygen.
• Not only narrowing of the coronary vessels develops, but also thrombosis, spasm of the arteries.
• Ischemia provokes tachycardia (rapid heartbeat), hypertension, myocardial hypertrophy.

Types of angina:

Stable: appears under load.

Unstable: manifestation already at rest, from cold, stress, certain drugs.

In addition to the above-mentioned culprit - bad cholesterol, there are many more reasons to get this disease.

• Especially dangerous is the craze for alcoholic beverages, the "enjoyment" of a cigarette.
• Endless TV shows, football in the evenings, computer games, lead to immobility of a person more and more. The blood does not move, hence all the delights of such a life that turns healthy person into ruin.
• Naturally, everything is aggravated with age - the body is aging.
• It is worth paying attention to the hereditary transmission of the disease.
• You can't miss the stress.
• Constant fatigue.
• Ignoring rest.
• Increased blood clotting. It is observed in almost everyone after 40. With age, the blood thickens, start taking action.

Diagnosis of coronary artery disease with symptoms and treatment:

• ECG (electrocardiography): will show deviations in the rhythm of the heart, its work. Its electrical activity is checked.
• Echocardiogram: the same ultrasound that checks the myocardium, blood vessels.
• Exercise bike test: check the load on the heart.
• Chest X-ray.
• CT scan: CT can check for deposits on vessel walls.
• Blood tests: on the content of cholesterol and the alignment of its fractions (total cholesterol, high-density cholesterol, low, very low density, triglycerides, atherogenic index). According to these indicators, you can immediately see which cholesterol you should correct.
• Blood for sugar.
• Holter monitor connection: a device that records the work of your heart for two or three days.
• Measure pressure at the ankle and shoulders. Compare blood flow.

Coronary angiography:

• Coronary angiography (vascular patency) may be needed. This is what they call x-rays of the vessels of your heart. The defeat of the coronary arteries will be visible: in which place and how far the process has gone. This will help you choose a method for treatment more accurately.
• This procedure is absolutely safe. It will take only 20 minutes. You need local anesthesia in the laboratory (angiographic).
• A special X-ray unit is used. A thin tube will be inserted into an artery in your leg or arm and passed through to your heart. A contrast agent is then injected through the catheter to make the coronary arteries visible under x-rays.
• The patient is connected to a heart monitor. Everything is done sterile. The catheter is passed to the heart. The patient does not feel anything. Only when it reaches the heart can your heartbeat slow down or, on the contrary, become more frequent.
• This is the norm. The patient is conscious, follows the doctor's command: take a deep breath or move.

IHD symptoms and treatment drugs:

It is impossible to cure this disease, but you need to control it in order to prolong your active life.

Before treatment, be sure to go through all the examinations prescribed specifically for you, so accurately establish the process of the disease. IHD - chronic illness, you need to be treated for life.

Statins are prescribed to stabilize blood cholesterol levels. There is no replacement for them in our time, although side effects are observed.

Statins:

• Simvastatins.
• Parvastatins.
• Lovastatins.
• Rosuvastatins.
• Atorvastatins.

Fibrates:

• Bezalip.
• Lipanor.
• Fenofibrate.
• Lipantil.

A nicotinic acid:

Assign courses, continuous use is contraindicated due to abnormalities in the liver.

Sometimes the patient does not tolerate treatment, but he also needs to be treated with something. This group of drugs is prescribed.

Appointment only with the consent of the doctor. Usually taken at night, starting with a dose of 10 mg at dinner. Then monthly you need to donate blood for cholesterol and dose adjustment.

Blood-thinning drugs (antiplatelet agents):

• Acetylsalicylic acid.

Usually taken for life in small doses of 50 - 75 mg / day.

Anticoagulants:

To slow down blood clotting. In an emergency in a hospital, you may be given Heparin for this purpose. It is impossible to use this drug on its own (it has a direct effect).

There are also direct-acting drugs:

• Flaxiparin.
• Klevarin.
• Flagmin.

Antiplatelet drugs:

• Fenilin.
• Warfarin.

The drugs are very strong in action, independent use can lead to bleeding. Only on prescription from your doctor! Assign with atrial fibrillation.

Nitrates:

Nitroglycerin: for the rapid expansion of the coronary vessels. There are capsules, tablets, sprays. Application for seizures.

Beta blockers:

• Anaprilin.
• Atenolol.
• Besoprolol.
• Metoprolol.

Calcium channel blockers:

• Verapamil (decrease in the number of heartbeats).
• Nifedipine (dilates the arteries).

Beta-agonists:

The use is rare, to enhance the supply of oxygen to the body.

• Papaverine.
• Carbocromen.
• Dipyridamon.

Harness the heart rate, lower blood pressure, prevent angina pectoris.

Drugs to reduce pressure:

• Lisinopril.
• Captopril.
• Enalapril.

In addition to lowering pressure, they help stop the development of coronary artery disease.

Diuretics:

Remove excess fluid, reduce pressure.

• Hypothiazide.
• Indapamide.
• Furosemide.
• Veropshiron.

cardiac glycosides:

Their appointment occurs already with serious deviations in the work of the heart. Lots of side effects. Treat atrial fibrillation.

• Korglikon.
• Digoxin.

Antioxidants:

• Mexidol.
• Emoxipin.
• Ubiquinone.

Antihypoxants:

Improve cell respiration.

• Hypoxen.
• Actovegin.
• Cytochrome.

Surgical methods of treatment:

Angioplasty (stent):

Then the balloon is inflated, it straightens, squeezing body fat on the wall. A special mesh (stent) is left at this place in order to fix the expanded area.

Coronary bypass:

A blood vessel is taken from the patient from any part of the body (leg, chest wall), suitable for bypassing the blocked, affected area of ​​the artery during the operation.

Laser surgery:

With this intervention, several small holes are made in the myocardium. They will form new blood vessels.

Carotid endarterectomy:

Means carotid surgery to prevent stroke.

IHD symptoms and treatment with folk remedies:

1. Eat more foods containing potassium, magnesium: dried apricots, raisins, prunes, carrots, beets, rosehip decoctions, nuts, cabbage, oatmeal, rice.
2. Include garlic, cranberries, lemons in your diet to clean blood vessels.
3. Good help is marsh cudweed, valerian, hawthorn, horse chestnut, white willow (bark), fennel decoction (similar to dill), knotweed, motherwort.

The most active herbs:

Elderberry, spring adonis, tricolor violet, blue cornflower, blueberries (berries), peppermint.

1. Give up all bad habits immediately. I know it's hard, but you want to be healthy, right?
2. Give up cigarettes, excess alcohol. There are more enjoyable things in life.
3. Eat healthy foods: vegetables, herbs, fruits, nuts, whole grains, poultry, fish.
4. Remove smoked meats, pickles, red meat, white flour, preservatives from the diet.
5. In women, the risk increases significantly after the onset. If the doctor allows, take estrogens (replacement, hormone therapy).
6. There is evidence that the disease is inherited.
7. Be sure to treat all chronic sores: high pressure. . heavy weight. With their presence, the blood becomes very thick, the blood flow decreases.
8. Engage in feasible movements, move more, sit less.
9. Constantly maintain the norm of content, donate blood for analysis.

1. Be less upset, don't freak out. This greatly affects the vessels.
2. A very common cause of high cholesterol is the production of homocysteine ​​(an amino acid) by the body. Taking vitamin B 12, B 6 in combination will help.
3. Donate blood once a year for fibrinogen (the norm is up to 4000). It is a protein involved in blood clotting. When it rises, aspirin is needed.

IHD symptoms and treatment is an unpleasant, serious, chronic disease. But, people live with her for many years, which I wish for YOU too.

Come visit more often. I look forward to.

I suggest watching a video, prevention of coronary artery disease:

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. According to the researchers, in Russian Federation mortality from cardiovascular diseases is 8 times higher than in France, and accounts for approximately 58% of the total mortality structure. Every year more than 1.2 million people die from cardiovascular diseases in our country, while in Europe a little more than 300 thousand. The leading role in the structure of mortality from cardiovascular diseases belongs to coronary heart disease (CHD) - 35%. If this continues further, then the population of Russia by 2030 will be approximately 85 million. These are frightening figures. But the situation can and should be changed if each of us is aware of it. "You know - armed" - said the ancients.

The structure and function of the heart, coronary arteries

To understand CHD, let's first look at what affects CHD - our heart.

The heart is a hollow muscular organ consisting of four chambers: 2 atria and 2 ventricles. In size, it is equal to a clenched fist and is located in the chest just behind the sternum. The mass of the heart is approximately equal to 1/175 -1/200 of body weight and ranges from 200 to 400 grams.

It is conditionally possible to divide the heart into two halves: left and right. In the left half (this is the left atrium and left ventricle), arterial blood, rich in oxygen, flows from the lungs to all organs and tissues of the body. Myocardium, i.e. the muscle of the heart, the left ventricle is very powerful and able to withstand high loads. Between the left atrium and the left ventricle is the mitral valve, which consists of 2 cusps. The left ventricle opens into the aorta through the aortic (it has 3 cusps) valve. At the base of the aortic valve on the side of the aorta are the orifices of the coronary or coronary arteries of the heart.

The right half, also consisting of the atrium and ventricle, pumps venous blood, poor in oxygen and rich in oxygen. carbon dioxide from all organs and tissues of the body to the lungs. Between the right atrium and the ventricle is the tricuspid, i.e. the tricuspid valve, and the ventricle is separated from the pulmonary artery by a valve of the same name, the pulmonic valve.

The heart is located in the heart bag, which performs a shock-absorbing function. The heart sac contains a fluid that lubricates the heart and prevents friction. Its volume can normally reach 50 ml.

The heart works according to the one and only law “All or nothing”. His work is done cyclically. Before the contraction begins, the heart is in a relaxed state and passively fills with blood. Then the atria contract and send an additional portion of blood into the ventricles. After this, the atria relax.

Then comes the systole phase, i.e. ventricular contractions and blood is ejected into the aorta to the organs and into the pulmonary artery to the lungs. After a powerful contraction, the ventricles relax and the diastole phase begins.

The heart beats with one unique property. It is called automatism, i.e. This is the ability to independently create nerve impulses and contract under their influence. There is no such feature in any organ. These impulses are generated by a special part of the heart located in the right atrium, the so-called pacemaker. From it, impulses go through a complex conducting system to the myocardium.

As we said above, the heart is supplied with blood by the coronary arteries, left and right, which are filled with blood only in the diastolic phase. The coronary arteries play a crucial role in the life of the heart muscle. The blood flowing through them brings oxygen and nutrients to all the cells of the heart. When the coronary arteries are patent, the heart works adequately and does not get tired. If the arteries are affected by atherosclerosis and are narrow because of this, then the myocardium cannot work at full capacity, it lacks oxygen, and because of this, biochemical and then tissue changes begin, develops ischemic heart disease.

What do coronary arteries look like?

The coronary arteries consist of three membranes, with different structures (figure).

Two large coronary arteries depart from the aorta - the right and the left. The left main coronary artery has two major branches:

• The anterior descending artery, which delivers blood to the anterior and anterior-lateral wall of the left ventricle (figure) and to most of the wall that separates the two ventricles from the inside (the intraventricular septum is not shown in the figure);
• The circumflex artery that passes between the left atrium and ventricle and delivers blood to the lateral wall of the left ventricle. Less commonly, the circumflex artery supplies blood to the superior and posterior portion of the left ventricle.

The right coronary artery delivers blood to the right ventricle, to the inferior and posterior wall of the left ventricle.

What are collaterals?

The main coronary arteries branch into smaller blood vessels that form a network throughout the myocardium. These small blood vessels are called collaterals. If the heart is healthy, the role of collateral arteries in supplying the myocardium with blood is not significant. When coronary blood flow is impaired due to an obstruction in the lumen of the coronary artery, collaterals help increase blood flow to the myocardium. It is thanks to these small "reserve" vessels that the size of myocardial damage in case of cessation of coronary blood flow in any main coronary artery is smaller than it could be.

This is myocardial damage caused by impaired blood flow in the coronary arteries. That is why the term is often used in medical practice. coronary heart disease.

What are the symptoms of coronary heart disease?

Typically, people with coronary artery disease show symptoms after the age of 50. They only occur during exercise. Typical manifestations of the disease are:

• pain in the middle of the chest (angina);
• feeling short of breath and difficulty breathing;
• circulatory arrest due to too frequent contractions of the heart (300 or more per minute). This is often the first and last manifestation of the disease.

Some patients suffering from coronary heart disease do not experience any pain and feeling of lack of air even during myocardial infarction.

In order to find out the probability of developing a myocardial infarction in the next 10 years, use a special tool: "Know your risk"

How do you know if you have coronary heart disease?

Seek help from a cardiologist. Your doctor will ask you questions to help identify symptoms and risk factors for the disease. The more risk factors a person has, the more likely it is to have the disease. The influence of most risk factors can be reduced, thereby preventing the development of the disease and the occurrence of its complications. These risk factors include smoking, high cholesterol and blood pressure, and diabetes.

In addition, the doctor will examine you and prescribe special methods examinations that will help confirm or deny the presence of your disease. These methods include: registration of an electrocardiogram at rest and with a stepwise increase in physical activity (stress test), chest x-ray, biochemical blood test (with determination of cholesterol and blood glucose levels). If your doctor, based on the results of the conversation, examination, tests received and instrumental methods of examination, suspects a severe lesion of the coronary arteries requiring surgery, you will be prescribed coronary angiography. Depending on the condition of your coronary arteries and the number of affected vessels, in addition to drugs, you will be offered either angioplasty or coronary artery bypass grafting. If you turned to the doctor on time, you will be prescribed medications, helping to reduce the influence of risk factors, improve the quality of life and prevent the development of myocardial infarction and other complications:

• statins to lower cholesterol;
• beta-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors to lower blood pressure;
• aspirin to prevent blood clots;
• nitrates to help stop pain in an angina attack

Remember that the success of treatment depends largely on your lifestyle:

• do not smoke. It's the most important. Non-smokers have a significantly lower risk of myocardial infarction and death than smokers;
• eat foods low in cholesterol;
• regularly, every day for 30 minutes, exercise (walking at an average pace);
• reduce your stress levels.

What else needs to be done?

• see your cardiologist regularly. The doctor will monitor your risk factors, treatment, and make adjustments as needed;
• take your prescribed medications regularly at the doses prescribed by your doctor. Do not change your treatment without consulting your doctor;
• if your doctor has prescribed you nitroglycerin to relieve angina pain, always carry it with you;
• tell your doctor about all episodes of chest pain if they occur again;
• change your lifestyle according to these recommendations.

Coronary arteries and atherosclerosis

In people with a predisposition, cholesterol and other fats accumulate in the walls of the coronary arteries, which form an atherosclerotic plaque (figure).

Why is atherosclerosis a problem in the coronary arteries?

A healthy coronary artery is like a rubber tube. It is smooth and flexible and the blood flows through it freely. If the body needs more oxygen, such as during exercise, the healthy coronary artery will stretch and more blood will flow to the heart. If the coronary artery is affected by atherosclerosis, it becomes like a clogged pipe. Atherosclerotic plaque narrows the artery and makes it stiff. This leads to a restriction of blood flow to the myocardium. When the heart begins to work harder, such an artery cannot relax and deliver more blood and oxygen to the myocardium. If the atherosclerotic plaque is so large that it completely blocks the lumen of the artery or this plaque ruptures and a blood clot is formed that blocks the lumen of the artery, then blood does not flow to the myocardium and its area dies.

Ischemic heart disease in women

In women, the risk of developing coronary heart disease increases 2–3 times after menopause. During this period, cholesterol levels increase and blood pressure rises. The reasons for this phenomenon are not entirely clear. In women with coronary heart disease, the manifestations of the disease sometimes differ from the symptoms of the disease in men. So in addition to typical pain, women may experience shortness of breath, heartburn, nausea, or weakness. In women, myocardial infarction often develops during mental stress or intense fear, during sleep, while "male" myocardial infarction often occurs during exercise.

How can a woman prevent the development of coronary heart disease?

See a cardiologist. The doctor will give you recommendations on lifestyle changes, prescribe medications. In addition, consult a gynecologist to determine the need for hormone replacement therapy after menopause.

How should you change your lifestyle?

• stop smoking and avoid places where other people smoke;
• daily for 30 minutes walk at an average pace;
• limit saturated fat to 10% of the diet, cholesterol to 300 mg/day;
• maintain a body mass index within 18.5–24.9 kg/m 2 and a waist circumference within 88 cm;
• if you already have coronary heart disease, watch for signs of depression
• consume moderate amounts of alcohol, if you do not drink alcohol, do not start;
• follow a special diet to lower your blood pressure levels
• if, despite a change in lifestyle, the blood pressure level is above 139/89 mm Hg. Art. - see a cardiologist.

What medications should be taken?

Do not take any action without consulting your doctor!

• at intermediate and high risk of coronary heart disease, you need to follow a diet and take statins to lower cholesterol;
• if you have diabetes, check your glycated hemoglobin every 2 to 3 months. It must be less than 7%;
• if you are at high risk of developing coronary heart disease, take a daily aspirin in low doses;
• if you have had a heart attack or have angina, take beta-blockers;
• if you are at high risk for a heart attack, have diabetes, or have heart failure, take an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. This drug lowers blood pressure and reduces the workload on your heart;
• If you cannot tolerate angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, this drug can be changed to an angiotensin II blocker.

Hormone replacement therapy and coronary heart disease

A combination of estrogens and progestins or estrogen alone is not recommended for the prevention of coronary heart disease in menopausal women. Although hormone replacement therapy does not prevent the development of coronary heart disease after menopause, some women take these drugs to reduce menopausal symptoms. Most doctors recommend weighing the pros and cons of taking these drugs. Before taking hormonal drugs, consult a gynecologist.

Symptoms of coronary heart disease

IHD is the most extensive pathology of the heart and has many forms.

Let's start in order.

1. sudden cardiacor coronary death is the heaviest of all forms ischemic heart disease. It is characterized by high mortality. Death occurs almost instantly or within the next 6 hours from the onset of an attack of severe chest pain, but usually within an hour. The causes of such a cardiac catastrophe are different kind arrhythmias, complete blockage of the coronary arteries, severe electrical instability of the myocardium. The causative factor is alcohol intake. As a rule, patients are not even aware that they have ischemic heart disease but have many risk factors.
2. Myocardial infarction. Terrible and often disabling form ischemic heart disease. With myocardial infarction, there is a strong, often tearing, pain in the region of the heart or behind the sternum, extending to the left shoulder blade, arm, lower jaw. The pain lasts more than 30 minutes, when taking nitroglycerin, it does not completely disappear and only briefly decreases. There is a feeling of lack of air, cold sweat, severe weakness, lowering blood pressure, nausea, vomiting, a feeling of fear may appear. Reception of nitropreparations does not help or assist. The part of the heart muscle deprived of nutrition becomes dead, loses its strength, elasticity and ability to contract. And the healthy part of the heart continues to work with maximum tension and, contracting, can break the dead area. It is no coincidence that a heart attack is colloquially referred to as a heart rupture! It is only in this state that a person has to make even the slightest physical effort, as he is on the verge of death. Thus, the meaning of the treatment is that the place of the rupture is healed and the heart is able to work normally further. This is achieved both with the help of medications and with the help of specially selected physical exercises.
3. Angina. The patient develops pain or discomfort behind the sternum, in the left half of the chest, heaviness and a feeling of pressure in the region of the heart - as if something heavy had been placed on the chest. In the old days they said that a person has "angina pectoris". The pain can be different in nature: pressing, squeezing, stabbing. It can give (radiate) to the left arm, under the left shoulder blade, lower jaw, stomach area and be accompanied by the appearance of severe weakness, cold sweat, a sense of fear of death. Sometimes, during exercise, it is not pain that occurs, but a feeling of lack of air, passing at rest. The duration of an angina attack is usually a few minutes. Since pain in the region of the heart often occurs when moving, a person is forced to stop. In this regard, angina pectoris is figuratively called "the disease of shop window observers" - after a few minutes of rest, the pain, as a rule, disappears.
4. Cardiac arrhythmias and conduction disorders. Another form ischemic heart disease. It has a large number of different types. They are based on a violation of the conduction of an impulse along the conduction system of the heart. It is manifested by sensations of interruptions in the work of the heart, a feeling of "fading", "gurgling" in the chest. Heart rhythm and conduction disturbances can occur under the influence of endocrine, metabolic disorders, intoxication and drug exposure. In some cases, arrhythmias can occur with structural changes in the conduction system of the heart and myocardial diseases.
5. Heart failure. Heart failure is manifested by the inability of the heart to provide sufficient blood flow to the organs by reducing contractile activity. The basis of heart failure is a violation of the contractile function of the myocardium, both due to its death during a heart attack, and in violation of the rhythm and conduction of the heart. In any case, the heart contracts inadequately and its function is unsatisfactory. Heart failure is manifested by shortness of breath, weakness during exertion and at rest, swelling of the legs, enlargement of the liver and swelling of the jugular veins. The doctor may hear wheezing in the lungs.

Factors in the development of coronary heart disease

Risk factors are features that contribute to the development, progression and manifestation of the disease.

Many risk factors play a role in the development of coronary artery disease. Some of them can be influenced, others cannot. Those factors that we can influence are called removable or modifiable, those that we cannot influence are called irremovable or non-modifiable.

1. Non-modifiable. Fatal risk factors are age, gender, race and heredity. Thus, men are more prone to developing coronary artery disease than women. This trend persists until approximately 50–55 years, that is, until the onset of menopause in women, when the production of female sex hormones (estrogens), which have a pronounced “protective” effect on the heart and coronary arteries, is significantly reduced. After 55 years, the incidence of coronary artery disease in men and women is approximately the same. Nothing can be done about such a clear trend as the increase and aggravation of diseases of the heart and blood vessels with age. In addition, as already noted, race affects the incidence: residents of Europe, or rather those living in the Scandinavian countries, suffer from coronary artery disease and arterial hypertension several times more often than people of the Negroid race. Early development CHD often occurs when a patient's immediate male relatives had a myocardial infarction or died of sudden heart disease before age 55, and a patient's immediate female relatives had a myocardial infarction or sudden cardiac death before age 65.
2. Modifiable. Despite the impossibility of changing either one's age or one's gender, a person is able to influence his condition in the future by eliminating avoidable risk factors. Many of the avoidable risk factors are interrelated, so eliminating or reducing one of them can eliminate the other. So, reducing the fat content in food leads not only to a decrease in blood cholesterol levels, but also to a decrease in body weight, which, in turn, leads to a decrease in blood pressure. Together, this helps to reduce the risk of coronary artery disease. And so we list them.

• Obesity is an excess accumulation of adipose tissue in the body. More than half of the world's people over the age of 45 have overweight. What are the reasons for being overweight? In the vast majority of cases, obesity is of alimentary origin. This means that the causes of overweight are overeating with excessive consumption of high-calorie, primarily fatty foods. The second leading cause of obesity is lack of physical activity.
• ischemic heart disease. Smoking is highly likely to contribute to the development ischemic heart disease, especially if combined with an increase in total cholesterol levels. On average, smoking shortens life by 7 years. Smokers also have increased levels of carbon monoxide in the blood, which reduces the amount of oxygen that can reach the body's cells. In addition, the nicotine contained in tobacco smoke, leads to spasm of the arteries, thereby leading to an increase in blood pressure.
• An important risk factor ischemic heart disease is diabetes mellitus. If you have diabetes, the risk ischemic heart disease more than doubles on average. Patients with diabetes often suffer from coronary disease and have a worse prognosis, especially with the development of myocardial infarction. It is believed that with a duration of overt diabetes mellitus of 10 years or more, regardless of its type, all patients have a fairly pronounced atherosclerosis. Myocardial infarction is the most common cause of death in patients with diabetes.
• Emotional stress may play a role in development ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction or lead to sudden death. With chronic stress, the heart begins to work with an increased load, blood pressure rises, and the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the organs worsens. To reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease from stress, it is necessary to identify the causes of its occurrence and try to reduce its impact.
• Hypodynamia or lack of physical activity is rightly called a disease of the twentieth, and now the twenty-first, century. It is another avoidable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, so being physically active is essential to maintaining and improving your health. In our time, in many areas of life, the need for physical labor has disappeared. It is known that coronary artery disease is 4-5 times more common in men under the age of 40-50 who were engaged in light work (compared to those performing heavy physical work); in athletes, a low risk of coronary artery disease persists only if they remain physically active after leaving the big sport.
• Arterial hypertension is well known as a risk factor for CHD. Hypertrophy (increase in size) of the left ventricle as a consequence of arterial hypertension is an independent strong predictor of mortality from coronary disease.
• Increased blood clotting. Coronary artery thrombosis is the most important mechanism for the formation of myocardial infarction and circulatory failure. It also promotes the growth of atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary arteries. Disorders that predispose to increased thrombus formation are risk factors for the development of coronary artery disease complications.
• metabolic syndrome.
• Stress.

metabolic syndrome

Metabolic syndrome is a pathological process that contributes to an increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus and diseases based on atherosclerosis - coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, stroke.

A mandatory sign of the metabolic syndrome is the presence of abdominal obesity (waist circumference of more than 94 cm for men and more than 80 cm for women) in combination with at least two of the following indicators:

• increase in the level of blood triglycerides more than 1.7 mmol / l;
• a decrease in high-density lipoprotein less than 1.03 mmol / l in men and less than 1.29 mmol / l in women;
• increased blood pressure: systolic more than 130 mm Hg. or diastolic more than 85 mm Hg;
• an increase in fasting blood glucose in the venous plasma of more than 5.6 mmol / l or previously diagnosed type II diabetes mellitus.

Prevention of coronary heart disease

All prevention of coronary heart disease comes down to a simple rule "I.B.S.".

I. Get rid of smoking.
B. Move more.
C. Watch your weight.

I. Getting rid of smoking
Smoking is one of the most important development factors ischemic heart disease especially if it is combined with an increase in total cholesterol levels. On average, smoking shortens life by 7 years.

The changes are to reduce the time of blood clotting and increase its density, increase the ability of platelets to stick together and reduce their viability. Smokers increase the level of carbon monoxide in the blood, which leads to a decrease in the amount of oxygen that can enter the cells of the body. In addition, the nicotine contained in tobacco smoke leads to spasm of the arteries, thereby contributing to an increase in blood pressure.
Smokers have a 2 times higher risk of myocardial infarction and 4 times the risk of sudden death than non-smokers. When smoking a pack of cigarettes per day, mortality increases by 100%, compared with non-smokers of the same age, and mortality from coronary artery disease - by 200%.
The association between smoking and heart disease is dose-dependent, meaning the more cigarettes you smoke, the higher your risk. ischemic heart disease.
Smoking cigarettes with low tar and nicotine levels or pipe smoking does not reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Passive smoking (when people smoke near you) also increases the risk of death from ischemic heart disease. It has been found that passive smoking increases the incidence of coronary disease by 25% among individuals working in a team of smokers.

B. Move more.
Hypodynamia or lack of physical activity is rightly called the disease of the XXI century. It is another avoidable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, so being physically active is essential to maintaining and improving your health. In our time, in many areas of life, the need for physical labor has disappeared.
It is known that ischemic heart disease 4-5 times more common in men under the age of 40-50 who were engaged in light labor (compared to those performing heavy physical work); athletes are at low risk ischemic heart disease persists only if they remain physically active after leaving the big sport. It is useful to exercise for 30-45 minutes at least three times a week. Physical activity should be increased gradually.

C. Watch your weight.
Obesity is an excess accumulation of adipose tissue in the body. More than half of the world's people over the age of 45 are overweight. In a person with normal weight, up to 50% of fat reserves lie directly under the skin. An important criterion for health is the ratio of adipose tissue and muscle mass. In devoid of fat muscles, the metabolic process proceeds 17-25 times more actively than in body fat.
The location of body fat is largely determined by the sex of a person: in women, fat is deposited mainly on the hips and buttocks, and in men - around the waist in the abdomen: such an abdomen is also called a "lump of nerves."
Obesity is one of the risk factors ischemic heart disease. When you are overweight, your resting heart rate increases, which increases your heart's need for oxygen and nutrients. In addition, obese individuals tend to have a metabolic disorder of fats: high levels of cholesterol and other lipids. Among overweight people, arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus are much more common, which, in turn, are also risk factors. ischemic heart disease.

What are the reasons for being overweight?

1. In the vast majority of cases, obesity is of alimentary origin. This means that the causes of overweight are overeating with excessive consumption of high-calorie, primarily fatty foods.
2. The second leading cause of obesity is lack of physical activity.

The most unfavorable is the abdominal type, in which fatty tissue accumulates mainly in the abdomen. This type of obesity can be recognized by waist circumference (>94 cm in men and >80 cm in women).

What to do when identifying overweight? An effective weight loss program is based on improving nutrition and increasing physical activity. More effective and physiological are dynamic loads, such as walking. The diet should be based on foods low in fat and carbohydrates, rich in vegetable proteins, microelements, and fiber. In addition, it is necessary to reduce the amount of food consumed.

Small fluctuations in weight during the week are completely natural. For example, women during menstruation can gain up to two kilograms in weight due to the accumulation of water in the tissues.

Complications of ischemic heart disease

Complications of coronary artery disease are subject to the following mnemonic rule "I.B.S.".

I. Myocardial infarction.
B. Blockade and arrhythmia of the heart.
C. Heart failure.

myocardial infarction

So, about a heart attack. Myocardial infarction is one of the complications of coronary artery disease. Most often, a heart attack affects people suffering from a lack of physical activity against the background of psycho-emotional overload. But the "scourge of the twentieth century" can also strike people with good physical fitness, even young ones.
The heart is a muscular sac that pumps blood through itself like a pump. But the heart muscle itself is supplied with oxygen through the blood vessels that come to it from the outside. And now, as a result of various reasons, some part of these vessels is affected by atherosclerosis and can no longer pass enough blood. Ischemic heart disease occurs. In myocardial infarction, the blood supply to part of the heart muscle stops suddenly and completely due to a complete blockage of the coronary artery. Usually, this leads to the development of a thrombus on an atherosclerotic plaque, less often - a spasm of the coronary artery. The section of the heart muscle deprived of nutrition dies. In Latin, dead tissue is a heart attack.

What are the signs of myocardial infarction?
With myocardial infarction, there is a strong, often tearing, pain in the region of the heart or behind the sternum, extending to the left shoulder blade, arm, lower jaw. The pain lasts more than 30 minutes, when taking nitroglycerin, it does not completely disappear and only briefly decreases. There is a feeling of lack of air, cold sweat, severe weakness, lowering blood pressure, nausea, vomiting, a feeling of fear may appear.
Prolonged pain in the region of the heart, which lasts more than 20-30 minutes and does not go away after taking nitroglycerin, may be a sign of myocardial infarction. Please refer to "03".
Myocardial infarction is a very life-threatening condition. Myocardial infarction should only be treated in a hospital. Hospitalization of the patient should be carried out only by the ambulance team.

Blockades and arrhythmias of the heart

Our heart works according to one single law: "All or nothing." It should work at a frequency of 60 to 90 beats per minute. If it is below 60, then this is bradycardia, if the heart rate exceeds 90, then they speak of tachycardia. And of course, our well-being depends on how it works. Violation of the heart is manifested in the form of blockades and arrhythmias. Their main mechanism is the electrical instability of cardiac muscle cells.

Blockades are based on the principle of disconnection, it's like a telephone line: if the wire is not damaged, then the connection will be, if there is a break, then it will not be possible to talk. But the heart is a very successful "communicator", and in the event of a break in communication, it finds workarounds for signaling thanks to a developed conduction system. And as a result, the heart muscle continues to contract even with “a break in some transmission lines,” and doctors, taking an electrocardiogram, register a blockade.
Arrhythmias are a little different. There is also a “break in the line”, but the signal is reflected from the “break point” and begins to circulate continuously. This causes chaotic contractions of the heart muscle, which affects its overall work, causing hemodynamic disturbances (blood pressure drops, dizziness and other symptoms occur). That is why arrhythmias are more dangerous than blockades.

Main symptoms:

1. Feeling of palpitations and interruptions in the chest;
2. very fast heartbeat or slow heartbeat;
3. Sometimes chest pains;
4. Dyspnea;
5. Dizziness;
6. Loss of consciousness or feeling close to it;

Therapy of blockades and arrhythmias includes surgical and therapeutic methods. Surgical is the installation of artificial pacemakers or pacemakers. Therapeutic: with the help of various groups of drugs called antiarrhythmics, and electrical impulse therapy. Indications and contraindications in all cases are determined only by the doctor.

Heart failure

Heart failure is a condition in which the ability of the heart to supply blood to organs and tissues in accordance with their needs is impaired, which, most often, is a consequence of ischemic heart disease. As a result of damage, the heart muscle weakens and cannot satisfactorily perform its pumping function, resulting in a decrease in the blood supply to the body.

Heart failure is often characterized according to the severity clinical symptoms. AT last years received international recognition of the classification that assesses the severity of heart failure, developed by the New York Heart Association. Mild, moderate, severe heart failure is distinguished depending on the severity of symptoms, primarily shortness of breath:

• I functional class: only sufficiently strong loads provoke the onset of weakness, palpitations, shortness of breath;
• II functional class: moderate limitation of physical activity; performing normal physical activity causes weakness, palpitations, shortness of breath, angina attacks;
• III functional class: pronounced limitation of physical activity; comfortable only at rest; with minimal physical exertion - weakness, shortness of breath, palpitations, pain behind the sternum;
• IV functional class: inability to perform any load without discomfort; symptoms of heart failure appear at rest.

Non-drug therapy is aimed at reducing the severity of symptoms and thereby improving the quality of life of patients with moderate or severe heart failure. The main measures include the normalization of body weight, the treatment of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, the cessation of alcohol intake, the restriction of salt and fluid intake, and the fight against hyperlipidemia.
Scientific research recent decades have shown that moderate physical training in patients with chronic heart failure reduces the severity of symptoms of heart failure, but physical activity must be dosed and carried out under the supervision and supervision of a doctor.
But, despite the progress in the medical therapy of heart failure, at present the problem of treating this serious condition, unfortunately, is far from being resolved. Over the past 15 years, there have been significant changes in the evaluation of the effectiveness of drugs used in heart failure.
If earlier the leading drugs were cardiac glycosides and diuretics, then at present the most promising are ACE inhibitors, which improve symptoms, increase physical performance and increase the survival of patients with heart failure, so their appointment is considered mandatory in all cases of heart failure, regardless of age sick.
And finally: it is currently believed that the most important factor determining the survival of patients with chronic heart failure, in addition to adequate medical treatment, is the tactics of patient management, which provides for regular and continuous (without interruption) long-term therapy under strict medical supervision.

How to detect angina pectoris without additional examinations

It is necessary to assess the clinical manifestations of the disease (complaints). Pain in angina pectoris has the following features:

• the nature of pain sensations: a feeling of compression, heaviness, bursting, burning behind the sternum;
• their localization and irradiation: pain is concentrated in the sternum, often the pain radiates along the inner surface of the left arm, to the left shoulder, shoulder blade, neck. Less often, pain "give" to the lower jaw, the right half of the chest, right hand, in the upper abdomen;
• duration of pain: a painful attack with angina pectoris lasts more than one, but less than 15 minutes;
• conditions for the occurrence of a pain attack: the onset of pain is sudden, directly at the height of physical activity. Most often, such a load is walking, especially against the cold wind, after a heavy meal, when climbing stairs;
• factors that alleviate and / or stop pain: a decrease or disappearance of pain occurs almost immediately after a decrease or complete cessation of physical activity or 2-3 minutes after taking nitroglycerin under the tongue.

Typical angina:

Chest pain or discomfort of characteristic quality and duration
Occurs with physical exertion or emotional stress
Passes at rest or after taking nitroglycerin.

Atypical angina:

Two of the above signs.

Non-cardiac pain:

One or none of the above symptoms.

Laboratory studies in coronary heart disease

The minimum list of biochemical parameters for suspected coronary heart disease and angina pectoris includes the determination of the content in the blood:

• total cholesterol;
• high density lipoprotein cholesterol;
• low density lipoprotein cholesterol;
• triglycerides;
• hemoglobin;
• glucose;
• AST and ALT.

Diagnosis of coronary heart disease

The main instrumental methods for diagnosing stable angina pectoris include the following studies:

• exercise test (veloergometry, treadmill),
• echocardiography,
• coronary angiography.

Note. If it is impossible to conduct a test with physical activity, as well as to identify the so-called bosebolic ischemia and variant angina pectoris, daily (Holter) ECG monitoring is indicated.

Coronary angiography

Coronary angiography (or coronary angiography) is a method for diagnosing the state of the coronary bed. It allows you to determine the localization and degree of narrowing of the coronary arteries.

The degree of narrowing of the vessel is determined by a decrease in the diameter of its lumen compared to the proper one and is expressed in%. So far, visual assessment has been used with the following characteristics: normal coronary artery, altered artery contour without determining the degree of stenosis, narrowing< 50%, сужение на 51-75%, 76-95%, 95-99% (субтотальное), 100% (окклюзия). Существенным рассматривают сужение артерии >fifty%. Hemodynamically insignificant is the narrowing of the lumen of the vessel< 50%.

In addition to the location of the lesion and its extent, coronary angiography may reveal other characteristics of arterial involvement, such as the presence of a thrombus, tear (dissection), spasm, or myocardial bridge.

There are currently no absolute contraindications for coronary angiography.

The main tasks of coronary angiography:

• clarification of the diagnosis in cases of insufficient information content of the results of non-invasive examination methods (electrocardiography, daily ECG monitoring, exercise tests, and others);
• determination of the possibility of restoring adequate blood supply (revascularization) of the myocardium and the nature of the intervention - coronary artery bypass grafting or angioplasty with stenting of the coronary vessels.

Coronary angiography is performed to resolve the issue of the possibility of myocardial revascularization in the following cases:

• severe angina pectoris III-IV functional class, which persists with optimal therapy;
• signs of severe myocardial ischemia based on the results of non-invasive methods (electrocardiography, daily ECG monitoring, bicycle ergometry, and others);
• the patient has a history of episodes of sudden cardiac death or dangerous ventricular arrhythmias;
• progression of the disease (according to the dynamics of non-invasive tests);
• questionable results of non-invasive tests in people with socially significant professions (public transport drivers, pilots, etc.).

In a disease such as coronary heart disease, symptoms can be detected at an early stage, seek medical help and start treatment in a timely manner. After all, the first step in the diagnosis of any disease is always the definition of characteristic signs, external manifestations.

The heart of a person, working without interruption, often fails. And the most common reason for this is coronary disease, or, as it is also called, hungry heart syndrome, when the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen. IHD is the main cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, despite the high achievements in modern medicine.

Risk factors and early signs of the disease

The first and main cause of coronary artery disease is growing, carrying an increase in blood pressure, an increase in blood viscosity and an acceleration of its coagulability.

If a person has bad habits, then they can also cause coronary disease, active smokers and people who abuse alcohol are at risk. Improper nutrition, when carbohydrates and animal fats predominate in the diet, also contributes to the development of coronary artery disease.

A sedentary lifestyle, overweight, high blood cholesterol, diabetes, and genetic predisposition also contribute to the onset of the disease. It is necessary to take into account the fact that both the age of a person and his gender play a role in the development of coronary disease. For example, men over the age of 50 are three times more likely to have the condition than women. On the other hand, hormonal changes in women during menopause can lead to the development of coronary artery disease.

What should be of concern? The first signs of ischemia are purely subjective, such as the occurrence of painful sensations in the region of the heart. You should immediately pay attention to this, especially if this has not been noticed before. Or the nature and conditions of occurrence have already changed in previously experienced sensations.

Any retrosternal pain (paroxysmal or monotonous), regardless of the strength of the combat sensations and the age of the patient, any symptoms of coronary heart disease should be a reason to see a doctor.

Ischemic disease proceeds mainly in waves: the period of exacerbation is replaced by a period of calm, when there are no symptoms. IHD can develop for decades, changing forms, symptoms and clinical manifestations. According to statistics, about 30% of patients do not experience symptoms of coronary heart disease at all and do not know about their disease. This is painless myocardial ischemia. In other cases, the following signs of coronary heart disease may occur:

• chest pain;
• pain in the arm, leg, under the shoulder blade, under the rib, on one side of the neck, or under the jaw;
• nausea;
• dyspnea;
• sweating;
• palpitations and arrhythmias.

Symptoms of angina pectoris

With angina pectoris, which is the most common form of ischemia, a person feels paroxysmal severe pain. People call angina pectoris angina pectoris, which got its name because of the pressing feeling in the chest area. Usually the pain radiates to one part of the body, more often to the left. In some cases, a person feels aching pain in the arm, shoulder, neck, back. The intensity of pain sensations is different: from slight to very strong. An attack of angina pectoris is accompanied by mental manifestations: anxiety, fear of death, dreary mood, inexplicable apathy, lack of air. The patient's breathing and heart rate increase, he turns pale, the body temperature drops, the skin becomes moist. The duration of the attack lasts on average no more than 10 minutes. It can be quite easily stopped with nitroglycerin.

An attack can be provoked by stress (emotional and physical), heat, stuffiness, exposure to the cold, urban smog.

There are two options for the development of angina pectoris: stable and unstable. In the first case, pain occurs during exercise and disappears on its own at rest or after taking nitroglycerin. The second is more dangerous, because even at rest or with slight exertion, chest pains and shortness of breath appear, this lasts for quite a long time, for hours, and can lead to.

Other forms of ischemia

Symptoms of angina attacks and myocardial infarction at the initial stage are similar. However, later on it varies greatly. With myocardial infarction, intense retrosternal pain that does not subside for a long time is not stopped by nitroglycerin. Often there is an increase in body temperature, pressure, the patient may feel suffocation, arrhythmia. Mental overstrain, excessive fatigue or increased physical activity, as well as hypertensive crisis provoke myocardial infarction.

Postinfarction cardiosclerosis has signs of heart failure and arrhythmia.
Heart failure is manifested by shortness of breath, palpitations, increased fatigue and swelling. With arrhythmia, a person complains about the "wrong" beating of his heart. This is a manifestation of bradycardia (slow heartbeat), tachycardia (rapid heartbeat), or irregular heartbeat.

A few days before sudden coronary death, one of the forms of coronary artery disease, the patient has the following symptoms: unpleasant sensations, which are paroxysmal in nature, in the retrosternal region, psychoemotional disorders. Signs of sudden death are the absence of a pulse and heart sounds, respiratory arrest, dilated pupils.

A cardiologist can make a correct diagnosis. For this, the patient is sent for operational instrumental studies, a biochemical blood test is done. If there is a suspicion of damage to the coronary arteries, coronary angiography is done. The sooner treatment is started and the causes that contribute to the development of the disease are eliminated, the more chances a person has to lead a full life in the future.

Ischemic heart disease is one of the most common diseases today. Ischemia combines angina, heart attack and atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis.

Medicines in the question of how to treat cardiac ischemia, unfortunately, are not always effective.

Cardiologists are increasingly inclined towards complex treatment of this disease.

Causes

Cardiac ischemia develops due to insufficient supply of the coronary arteries, which occurs due to the narrowing of their lumen. Why does such a phenomenon occur? With age, cholesterol deposits accumulate in the inner lining of the coronary arteries. This is due, first of all, to human nutrition: the more fatty and fried foods he consumes, the faster “bad” cholesterol accumulates in the blood. Gradually, atherosclerotic plaques grow, obscuring the arterial lumen and impeding blood flow leading to the heart.

Due to insufficient blood flow to the heart muscle, chest pains occur - angina pectoris. If you do not pay attention to this symptom in time and do not learn how to treat cardiac ischemia, there is a risk of myocardial infarction. What factors provoke the development of coronary heart disease? Physicians divide them into two groups - external and internal. The presence of at least one of the following factors significantly increases the risk of developing cardiac ischemia and other disorders of the cardiovascular system:

External

• Unbalanced nutrition. Overeating, the predominance of animal fats and easily digestible carbohydrates in the diet predisposes to the deposition of cholesterol;
• Sedentary lifestyle. Regular classes sports strengthen the heart muscle and significantly reduce the risk of ischemia and other heart diseases;
• Psycho-emotional overstrain (stress, depression);
• Smoking and alcohol. Bad habits have a detrimental effect on the cardiovascular system, not only increasing the risk of ischemia, but also myocardial infarction;
• Long-term use of hormonal contraceptives.

Internal

• Hypertension. High blood pressure increases the risk of developing coronary disease by 2-6 times;
• High blood cholesterol. Promotes the growth of cholesterol plaques and, as a result, the narrowing of the lumen;
• Obesity;
• Violation of water and electrolyte metabolism. Long-term intake of water, devoid of salts of magnesium, potassium, chromium and other minerals, creates the prerequisites for the development of ischemia;
• Decreased thyroid function;
• Cholelithiasis;
• Violation of the body's ability to absorb glucose.

Symptoms

Depending on the form of coronary heart disease can proceed in different ways. However, cardiologists identify a list of characteristic symptoms for this disease:

• Arrhythmia (decrease or increase in heart rate);
• physical weakness;
• Shortness of breath after low-intensity exercise;
• Feeling of tightness in the region of the heart;
• Nausea;
• Cold clammy sweat.

Mental manifestations are also characteristic of coronary heart disease: groundless feeling of anxiety, dreary mood and apathy, severe suffocation.

Treatment

In many countries of the world, cardiac ischemia is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in the population. How to treat ischemia of the heart in modern conditions? With serious complications of the disease, when it comes to severe vasoconstriction, surgical methods are used. In other cases, cardiologists resort to an integrated approach, including taking medications and changing the patient's lifestyle.

Preparations

Drug therapy is aimed at restoring the blood supply to the heart, as well as preventing complications of coronary heart disease. How do doctors suggest treating ischemia of the heart? The following groups of drugs are widely used:

• Beta blockers. Reduce the heart rate, lower blood pressure. Help prevent heart attack
• Nitroglycerine. The action of this drug is aimed at reducing chest pain and reducing the heart's need for oxygen. With angina attacks, nitroglycerin acts instantly, maintaining a therapeutic effect for several hours;
• Statins. Reduce cholesterol in the blood, resulting in changes in the walls of blood vessels. Statin drugs slow down the course of ischemia, preventing repeated heart attacks.

How to treat coronary heart disease?

In this article, we will look at how to properly treat coronary heart disease in adults.

Medical treatment

Drug treatment of coronary artery disease consists in taking drugs that improve blood circulation in the heart, and exhibit vasodilating, diuretic, and blood-thinning effects. The main groups of these drugs are nitrates, antiplatelet agents, B - blockers, diuretics, cardiac, calcium channel blockers.

Nitrate preparations(nitroglycerin, nitrogranulong) have a rapid vasodilating effect, allowing you to stop (remove) an attack of angina pectoris for 3-5 minutes. after their sublingual (under the tongue) intake.

The permissible single dose of nitroglycerin should be no more than 3 tablets every 10 minutes. If after 3 times taking this drug, the effect does not occur (an attack of pain or compression behind the sternum has not been removed), then in this case it can be regarded as an acute myocardial infarction. in which you need to immediately call an ambulance and hospitalize the patient in the hospital.

Also, it should be remembered that nitroglycerin has a fairly strong hypotensive effect (lowers blood pressure), therefore, it should not be taken by patients whose blood pressure is less than 100/60 mmHg.

In addition, after taking nitroglycerin, headaches are possible as a result of a sharp effect on the vessels of the brain, so it is recommended to take it together with a validol tablet under the tongue at the same time as nitroglycerin.

Nitrate preparations are quite strong heart remedies, so they are recommended to be taken only in cases of emergency.

There are drugs similar to nitroglycerin containing its main composition of the therapeutic substance, but in a smaller amount, for example, corvalment or its analogue corvaltab.

Corvalment, like nitroglycerin, is very a good remedy to relieve such attacks of angina pectoris, but unlike him, it has a rather positive effect on the body. It should be taken 1 capsule under the tongue until completely absorbed with a feeling of discomfort or pain in the heart area.

B - blockers in the complex treatment of coronary artery disease are indispensable components.

Their main therapeutic effect is aimed at improving the normal supply of oxygen to the muscles of the heart, namely to the myocardium.

This group includes bisoprolol, as well as metoprolol, etc. These drugs should be taken on an ongoing basis for 1 t. 2 r. for a day. The course of treatment is prescribed by the attending physician, since there are a fairly large number of various contraindications for taking these drugs, such as the presence of chronic bronchial asthma in a patient. or various infectious diseases of the lung cavity.

Taking antiplatelet agents(aspirin, cardiomagnyl) can significantly improve blood circulation in the cardiovascular system and prevent the formation of blood clots, by "thinning" the blood. Daily intake of aspirin avoids the development of serious complications of coronary disease, such as acute coronary insufficiency or myocardial infarction.

Cardiomagnyl is a combined preparation containing aspirin in its composition, as well as asparkam, which is needed to improve the functioning of the heart (contains potassium and magnesium, the main substances for normalizing the functioning of the heart).

Cardiomagnyl is recommended to take 1 tablet after meals, mostly at bedtime. The main course of treatment is prescribed by a cardiologist, on average it is 1-2 months with intervals of 1-1.5 weeks. After this period, the treatment course can be repeated.

Heart remedies prescribed in the complex treatment of the disease. They significantly improve the functioning of the heart and the cardiovascular system. The main drugs are digoxin, asparkam, verapamil. Asparkam preparations improve the functioning of the heart very well, due to the presence in their composition of trace elements of potassium and magnesium, which are necessary for the full functioning of the myocardial heart muscle.

Basically, they should be taken in 1 t. 2 - 3 r. per day for 1 - 2 months, then the treatment course can be repeated in consultation with your doctor - a cardiologist.

Diuretics (diuretics) drugs play an important role in the treatment of coronary artery disease. This group of drugs includes: furosemide, hypotazid, dibazol, veroshpiron, etc.

Taking these drugs can significantly improve the excretion of excess fluid from the body, which speeds up the overall period of rehabilitation (recovery).

Basically, furosemide is prescribed 1 tablet every other day along with asparkam, since it flushes out the potassium and calcium needed by the body, and asparkam restores it. The course of treatment with furosemide is generally 1-2 months. 1 ton every other day.

vitamins It is recommended to take to significantly improve the functioning of the cardiovascular system and strengthen the immune defenses of the body. The most effective cardiac vitamins are undevit, cardiophyte, dekamevit, etc., which should be taken in 1 t. 2 r. per day for 1 month.

Attention: do not self-medicate coronary artery disease, as this can only aggravate the general course of the disease and provoke the development of undesirable complications, be sure to consult your cardiologist about treatment!

Surgery

• coronary bypass grafting (surgical intervention connects the coronary vessels of the heart);
• balloon angiography;
• coronary artery bypass grafting (connection of the aorta to the coronary arteries of the heart).

Prevention

• complete rejection of bad habits(alcoholism, smoking);
• complete, balanced diet(fruits vegetables);
• physical therapy and sports;
• constant stabbing of your body (taking baths with cool water, etc.);
• timely treatment of chronic diseases of the body that contribute to the development of ischemic heart disease.

In this article, we found out how to treat coronary heart disease.

Treatment of the heart (angina pectoris, ischemia, heart pain) with folk remedies.

Angina pectoris or "angina pectoris" is one of the stages in the development of coronary heart disease. These are periodic contractions (spasms) of blood vessels and disturbances in the blood supply to the heart. Most often, angina pectoris develops in old age, and in men 3-5 times more often. This is explained by the fact that estrogens (female hormones) before the onset of menopause protect the body from cholesterol deposits on the walls of blood vessels. Ischemic heart disease (CHD) is a pathological condition characterized by an absolute or relative impairment of myocardial blood supply due to damage to the coronary arteries of the heart.

Treatment of angina pectoris, coronary artery disease, folk remedies:

Adonis from tachycardia. from pain in the heart. Prevention of heart disease.

Pour one quarter liter of water into a saucepan, boil water. As soon as the water boils, reduce the fire. While the boil is small (just a little near the edges of the saucepan), pour in 4-5 g (tablespoon) of Adonis spring grass (Adonis). Boil over low heat for no more than 3 minutes. Then cover the pan and put in a warm place for 20 minutes to infuse the broth. Strain and discard the herb. Drink 3 times a day, 1 tablespoon. The abnormal beating of the heart stops after taking this remedy.

You can take a course of prevention of heart disease adonis. 1 tbsp adonis pour 1 tablespoon of boiling water, boil for 5 minutes over low heat. Insist 5 hours. Strain. Drink 1 tsp. in the morning on an empty stomach before breakfast for 10-12 days. This remedy can be used as first aid for heart pain. Treatment should be carried out only in courses, strictly observing the dosage.

Relieve sudden heart pain.

• In half a glass of warm boiled water, stir 0.5 teaspoon of baking soda and drink.
• Put 10-12 drops of fir oil on the palm of your hand and rub into the heart area for 1-2 minutes.
• Massage your little fingers.
• Grasp the wrist of the left hand with the right hand, find the pulse on the left hand with the thumb and press it 10-12 times, give a push to the heart. Then, with the thumb and forefinger, rub the little finger of the left hand up and down, also 10-12 times. Sit quietly, and after 5 minutes the heart will calm down.

Ivan tea is harvested and dried from July to September. In winter, brew: 2 tbsp. spoons for 1 cup of boiling water. Pleasant and healthy tea for heart health.

Help the heart.

The infusion is prepared from hawthorn berries. 25 g of fruits should be poured into a thermos and pour 200 ml of boiling water. Infused for 4 hours. Then the infusion must be filtered. This is the daily dose. It should be drunk - in 4 doses of 50 ml before meals. The recipe is simple, but the effect is great. Sleep will improve, weakness will disappear, and consequently blood pressure will also normalize.

A prescription for atherosclerosis, angina pectoris, hypertension, ischemia and other heart diseases.

Two compositions are prepared separately. The first composition: natural honey - 500g. vodka 40% - 500g. Mix both components, heat over moderate heat until foam forms on the surface. Then remove from heat, let stand. Second composition: motherwort . cottonweed marshmallow, valerian root, knotweed . chamomile. Take a pinch of each herb, brew a liter of boiling water, leave to stand for 1-2 hours, then strain through cheesecloth. Mix the first composition with the second, then put the medicine in a dark place for three days. Take the first week on a teaspoon 2 times a day. Starting from the second week, take a tablespoon 2 times a day until used up. Keep refrigerated. After a 7-10 day break, prepare the elixir again and continue treatment, the full course is 1 year.

Rosehip and hawthorn for heart health.

In a 2-liter saucepan, put 7 tbsp. (with top) hawthorn berries and wild rose. pour water, boil over low heat for 15 minutes and wrap it warmly, insist for a day. Strain and refrigerate. Drink 0.5 - 1 glass 3 times a day after meals instead of tea.

Astragalus for angina attacks and chest pain.

10-15 gr. astragalus brew a glass of boiling water, leave for 1 hour. Take 1-2 tbsp. 3-4 times a day. This infusion will relieve venous pressure, increase blood flow, remove tachycardia, relieve swelling, and normalize blood pressure. After its regular intake, angina attacks and chest pains will pass. This infusion treats the kidneys.

Help the heart, blood vessels, nervous system.

To help the heart, blood vessels, nervous system, take fresh juice from leaves and roots from May to October dandelion. Pass the plant through a meat grinder, squeeze out the juice. Drink 30 drops 4 times a day. The walls of blood vessels are strengthened, memory improves, irritability decreases, and insomnia disappears.

Heart tincture.

Prepare like this. Buy in a pharmacy for 100 ml of tinctures peony evasive, valerian, hawthorn, motherwort and add 50 ml of tincture to them eucalyptus and 25 ml of tincture mint. Mix everything in a half-liter bottle and add 10 cloves (spice).

Put the bottle with the "cocktail" in a dark place for two weeks, shake occasionally. Take the medicine 3 times a day for 15-20 minutes. before meals, 20-25 drops, diluting with a small amount of water or dripping on sugar. The course of treatment is a month. After a short break, you can repeat.

The spectrum of action of such treatment is very extensive: it lowers intracranial pressure and normalizes arterial pressure, has an antispasmodic and anticonvulsant effect, helps with varicose veins, improves cerebral circulation, prevents the formation of blood clots, and stimulates hematopoiesis.

Remedy for heart disease.

Buy a glass of seeds carrots. Pour them with 70% alcohol and a glass of freshly squeezed carrot juice. Then pour everything into a bottle and put in a dark place for a week. Drink 3 times a day for 1 tbsp. 15-20 minutes before meals. Drink one bottle - a break for a week (during this time you will make a new tincture) and again take a course. Spend several courses and your doctor will like your cardiogram.

Kalina from heart failure.

People suffering from heart failure should have 3-4 courses of viburnum treatment per year for a month. There is viburnum both fresh and frozen, but this does not make it worse. You can prepare a healing infusion like this. 1 tablespoon berries viburnum mash a little to bring out the juice. Add a tablespoon of honey to this mass, mix and pour a glass of boiling water. Leave for 1 hour to infuse. Drink this infusion 2 times a day for half a glass. The course of treatment lasts a month. If you don't like this method, you can use any other. Kalina benefits the heart in any form.

Murraya for arrhythmia, tingling and pain in the heart.

Who has heart problems, grow at home indoor plant- murray. Five ripe berries, cut in half, five crushed leaves and fallen flower petals, pour vodka in a 100-gram bottle and insist in a dark place for two weeks. Take 18-20 drops in 20 minutes. before meals. The condition will improve quickly. Pain, tingling in the heart disappear, arrhythmia disappears.

Tea that strengthens the heart.

First, such a mixture is prepared: 1 part of rose hips and squeezed berries sea ​​buckthorn(pulp without juice), 1/2 part hawthorn fruit. Then pour 2 teaspoons of the mixture with a glass of boiling water, leave for 2 hours and add honey to taste. To strengthen the heart, such tea should be drunk for at least a month, and better - constantly with breaks of two or three weeks. And in the fall, be sure to drink such tea. Since sea buckthorn must be fresh, you can mix rose hips and hawthorn in the required proportion, and already separately squeezed sea buckthorn with honey (store in the refrigerator).

Jaundice will relieve heart disease.

jaundice- a find and salvation for a sick tired heart. He is able to overcome "angina pectoris" (angina pectoris), he restores the heart muscle affected by a heart attack, is necessary for heart defects, myocarditis, acute and chronic heart failure, calms the central nervous system, improves mood, brings good, restful sleep. Jaundice stops hypertensive crises, stabilizes blood pressure, eliminates arrhythmia, tachycardia, shortness of breath. raises people after heart attacks, strokes. And in addition, the work of the pancreas is normalized. Lose 2-3 kg per month excess weight. Jaundice is also needed for varicose veins, thrombophlebitis. Drink jaundice to prevent a heart attack. There are many species of jaundice, but gray and levkoy are the most healing (they have similar properties). You can grind the herb and take a dry powder of 0.1 g (at the tip of a teaspoon) 3 times a day 10-15 minutes before meals. The course of treatment is 2 months, a break of 3 weeks. Drink several courses. You can take kvass from jaundice

Herbal collection for angina pectoris, heart failure, rhythm disturbances.

Herbal collection will help from many heart problems. It contains herbs that dilate blood vessels, relieve heart pain, normalize heart rate and blood pressure: odorous rue . spring book(rank), gray jaundice, arnica mountain and zyuznik European. All components are taken in equal parts in a dry crushed form. 2 tsp with the top of the collection pour 2 tbsp. boiling water, leave for an hour, strain. Drink 3 times a day for 0.5 tbsp. adding 0.5 tsp. honey. The treatment cycle is a month. Break 8-10 days and repeat 1-2 cycles again. It is desirable to conduct at least two courses of treatment per year.

Sochevichnik spring regulates cardiac activity and relieves heart pain. Jaundice gray reduces blood pressure, increases the rate of coronary blood flow, is the best remedy with dropsy.

Arnica mountain improves heart function in angina pectoris, myocarditis and cardiosclerosis. It is very effective in hypertension.

Zyuznik European normalizes the heart rate during tachycardia, has a strong sedative effect, relieves the feeling of causeless fear and insomnia.

Rue is an excellent antidepressant. It relieves spasms of blood vessels, improves blood supply to internal organs. It is used for angina pectoris, hypertension, atherosclerosis and nervous excitability.

Together with the herbal collection, drink mummy. Shilajit is necessary for heart diseases, atherosclerosis and hypertension. It perfectly relieves spasms of the heart vessels in coronary disease and dilates the vessels of the retina.

You need to take mummy 0.2 g each (if it is pharmacy drug, then one tablet each), put under the tongue and dissolve with a small amount of honey. The pain in the heart immediately passes, it brightens in the eyes. The effect is much more effective than from validol. Therefore, it is useful for all cores to have in home first aid kit this natural product. But mummy should be treated regularly, in cycles, take the remedy in the morning on an empty stomach and in the evening before going to bed. Ten days to drink, five days - a break. And so - three cycles.

Collection from heart failure.

Take 2 tablespoons of rose hips, dry leaves raspberries . currants black and cranberries. Grind everything well and brew 750 ml of boiling water. Put on fire and simmer on low heat for 10-15 minutes. After this, the broth must be insisted for another 4 hours. Then strain through 2 layers of gauze. It is necessary to take a decoction in half a glass 3 times a day. It is advisable to add 3 tbsp to each dose of decoction right before use. light low-alcohol beer. It, together with a healing decoction, has a very good effect on the cardiovascular system. The course of treatment is 4 weeks. After that, you need to take a break for a month or two and repeat if necessary. Carry out such treatment every year. Very good result.

Collection for the health of the cardiovascular system.

The herb cudweed marsh is mixed with lemon balm. valerian root, buds hops. flowers lindens. grass oregano. motherwort and seed coriander. All herbs are taken in equal proportions - 1 tbsp. l. Then you need to brew the collection in a thermos at the rate of 1 tbsp. l. (with top) collection of 0.5 liters of boiling water. Insist night. You need to drink this portion per day in 2-3 doses as desired. In addition to strengthening the immune system, this collection relieves arrhythmia, improves the state of the cardiovascular system. Drink this tea 3 times a week constantly if you have heart problems.

If you have verified folk recipes treatment of heart failure, angina pectoris, ischemic heart disease and other heart diseases, write. Thanks in advance.

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Lack of blood supply in Latin is ischemia of the heart. Blood during ischemia is simply not able to pass through the coronary arteries in the required amount due to blockage or narrowing of the latter. Therefore, the heart muscle does not receive the required amount of oxygen, and if treatment is not carried out in time, it does not contract, which, accordingly, leads to the death of the patient.

Causes

The main reasons for the narrowing of the coronary arteries are cholesterol atherosclerotic plaques, which are deposited gradually on their inner surfaces, starting, by the way, from a young age. Over time, they only become more, and when the lumen of the vessel narrows to 70% without treatment, oxygen starvation of the heart muscle begins.

The removal of waste substances from cells during cardiac ischemia also becomes difficult. If the plaque completely clogs the vessel and blocks the blood flow, coronary artery disease (CHD) of the heart passes into the most acute phase - myocardial infarction develops. Another cause of cardiac ischemia, in addition to the development of atherosclerotic plaques, is an inflammatory process in the arteries or spasm.

At-risk groups

The greatest risk of ischemia is in patients with atherosclerosis or with prerequisites for its development:

• with high cholesterol;
• with hypertension and diabetes;
• eating a lot of high-calorie foods with a small amount of vegetable oils and fresh vegetables;
• overweight, smokers.

A huge role in the development of cardiac ischemia is played by unfavorable heredity and impaired metabolism, especially if the signs of the disease appear against the background of nervous strain and lack of physical activity.

How to recognize the occurrence of coronary artery disease

Usually, the initial symptoms of ischemia of the heart appear with emotional stress or physical exertion. The heart feels like something is squeezing, there is heaviness behind the sternum. The form of the disease is determined by how pronounced oxygen starvation is, how quickly it occurs and how long it lasts. In the treatment, the following types of ischemia are distinguished:

1. A silent form (asymptomatic) of ischemia, in which pain is not experienced, and heart disease is detected after examination. Usually characteristic of the early stages of ischemia, may occur immediately after a heart attack.
2. The arrhythmic form of ischemia is recognized by the occurrence of atrial fibrillation and other rhythm disturbances.
3. Angina pectoris, the symptoms of which are usually manifested by exertion of pain behind the sternum. Detailed sensations can also occur when overeating. An attack of angina pectoris is accompanied by squeezing, heaviness or even burning in the chest. Pain can also be given to the left arm, forearm, neck, teeth. Often there is suffocation, darkening of the eyes, profuse sweating and weakness.

Most angina attacks occur in the morning. These can be short manifestations of 5-10 minutes, repeated with different frequencies. It is most reliable to stop this attack by stopping any physical activity, emotional calming and taking nitroglycerin. You can use it in the absence of a result with an interval of five minutes up to three times in a row.

Angina pectoris is also divided into two types:

1. A stable, chronic form of coronary artery disease, in which attacks occur with approximately the same frequency, with equal load and for a long time have the same character.
2. A progressive form (unstable), in which the frequency of attacks increases over time, the severity may also increase.

In the latter case, the threshold of physical activity for the onset of an attack also becomes less and less, pain in the heart may not leave the patient even in the absence of any physical stress. This form of cardiac ischemia, if left untreated, often develops into myocardial infarction.

When to see a doctor

To increase the effectiveness of ischemia treatment and not bring the disease to critical stages, you should consult a doctor immediately after the first symptoms of cardiac ischemia appear:

1. At times you feel pain behind the sternum;
2. Breathing is sometimes difficult;
3. In the work of the heart you sometimes feel interruptions;
4. You can hardly endure even small physical activities like climbing stairs;
5. You have bouts of dizziness, shortness of breath, often feeling tired, sometimes fainting;
6. The heart sometimes seems to burst out of the chest for no apparent reason.

If the above symptoms occur in your case, then this is already a serious reason to contact a cardiologist or therapist for a comprehensive treatment.

Diagnosis

A complete diagnosis of cardiac ischemia involves a series of examinations:

• first of all, your pressure will be measured;
• you will need to pass blood biochemistry and a general analysis to determine the level of cholesterol in it;
• you will also need to go for an ECG - electrocardiography, as well as perform a stress test.

The last test for cardiac ischemia is carried out on a special bicycle (veloergometer) with sensors attached to the chest. While you are pedaling, a specialist cardiologist will determine at what physical load dangerous changes begin in your body.

In some cases, with ischemia, you may also be referred for an ultrasound (ultrasound) of the heart to check the work of the myocardium. The most accurate picture showing which artery and how narrowed is another study - angiography. When it is carried out, a substance is introduced into the bloodstream that makes the coronary arteries visible during an X-ray examination. As a result, the specialist determines how the blood moves through the vessels and exactly where the congestion is.

Treatment

Cardiac ischemia always develops gradually, so it is very important to identify the disease at an early stage of ischemia and start treatment. For this, a set of drugs is used:

1. For vasodilation - nitrosorbitol, nitroglycerin;
2. Preventing the formation of blood clots - heparin, aspirin;
3. Drugs to fight high cholesterol and oxygenate heart cells.

Sometimes other drugs, such as beta-blockers, are used to treat ischemia, which lowers blood pressure and slows the heart down so it needs less oxygen. In the hospital, drugs are also used that dissolve existing blood clots. Also, patients can independently use sedatives, preferably of plant origin, because it is stress that often provokes new attacks of coronary disease. You can use, for example, motherwort or valerian.

However, all of the above drugs can only slow down the development of the disease. Treatment of cardiac ischemia, especially in its severe manifestations, is possible only through surgical intervention.

Coronary artery bypass grafting

During this operation, surgeons implant a new vessel. This is a shunt, through which a sufficient amount of blood will now flow to the heart, bypassing the damaged area. As a donor vessel, the great saphenous vein of the leg is usually used, unless, however, the patient suffers from varicose veins. At one end, the vein is sutured to the aorta, while at the other, to the vessel below the narrowing site, after which the blood flow rushes along the artificially created channel.

After the operation, the patient's angina disappears, he stops taking most of the medications, without which it was previously impossible to exist, and essentially returns to normal life. But this newly created shunt can also be blocked with cholesterol plaques over time and lead to a new development of cardiac ischemia, so the patient must also monitor the state of health.

Angioplasty

During this operation, the surgeon mechanically expands the area of ​​the narrowed artery, and blood flow is restored during ischemia. To do this, a balloon catheter in the form of a flexible tube is inserted into the femoral artery and passed into the coronary arteries.

When the tube reaches the site of narrowing of the vessel, the balloon put on the catheter is inflated and a stent is installed - a device resembling a spacer to prevent narrowing of the vessel. This operation is much easier to tolerate, but it is contraindicated in patients with diabetes and those who have an acute phase of the disease, and vascular damage is already too strong.

Prevention of coronary disease

An effective way to prevent and treat coronary heart disease is to change your lifestyle, which will eliminate the very causes of heart ischemia. The following habits will need to be changed:

1. Quit smoking;
2. Compliance with a diet that includes low-fat foods, the use of fresh vegetables, fruits;
3. Daily physical activity, exercise therapy, gradually reduce body weight;
4. Monitor blood pressure, keep it normal;
5. Learn how to effectively relieve stress with relaxation or yoga techniques.

Patients with ischemia of the heart must also have a good rest, you need to sleep at least 8 hours. You can not overeat, and the last meal of the day should be carried out no later than 3 hours before bedtime. Visit more often fresh air and gradually increase the duration of walks.

Folk methods for the prevention of coronary artery disease

To avoid the occurrence of cardiac ischemia in the future or to slow down its development, along with traditional treatment it turns out to be extremely useful to follow folk old recipes.

Treatment of ischemia with wild rose and hawthorn

It is very useful to drink in the treatment of ischemia of the heart infusion of hawthorn and wild rose. You need to brew the fruits like tea, insisting for 2 hours, and drink half a glass 3-4 times a day.

Rosehip can also be used for baths. 500 g of wild rose should be poured with 3 liters of boiling water and boil the mixture over low heat for ten minutes. Then it is cooled and filtered, added to the bath. Keep the water temperature around 38 degrees, you will need to carry out at least 20 procedures to get a good result.

The benefits of garlic

1. Peel the average young garlic, crush it into gruel, put it in a jar;
2. Pour the garlic mass with a glass of sunflower oil, refrigerate;
3. Every other day, squeeze about one tablespoon of lemon juice into a glass, add a teaspoon of cooked garlic oil and swallow the resulting mixture.

Do this daily 3 times half an hour before meals. After three months of the course, take a break, after which the treatment of ischemia with garlic can be resumed.

Folk recipes for the treatment of ischemia

Treatment of cardiac ischemia, along with drugs prescribed by a cardiologist, can also be carried out using traditional medicine. Below we present several effective recipes that often help to more successfully recover from coronary disease and eliminate the causes of its occurrence:

1. Fennel. 10 gr. fruit pour a glass of boiling water. Heat the mixture for a short time in a water bath, cool and strain. After that, the volume must be brought to 200 ml. Take a decoction should be up to four times daily for a tablespoon. Especially helpful in the treatment of coronary insufficiency.
2. Horseradish honey. Grate horseradish on a fine grater, mix a teaspoon of it with the same amount of honey. This should be done immediately before use, but it is advisable to take the remedy for treatment for a month. You can drink the mixture only with water.
3. Sushenitsa marsh. Pour it (10 g) with a glass of boiling water and for 15 minutes. put in a water bath. For ¾ hours, cool the mixture, strain, bring the volume to 200 ml. Drink should be half a glass after a meal. Effectively helps in the treatment of angina pectoris.
4. Hawthorn tea. Brew dried fruits in the same way as regular tea. The color is like not very strong black tea. It is used for ischemia of the heart and any heart disease, you can drink with sugar.
5. Hawthorn with motherwort. It was previously considered an indispensable tool for the treatment of cardiac ischemia. Mix hawthorn fruits with motherwort, 6 tablespoons each. Pour in 7 cups of boiling water, but do not boil the brew. Wrap the container with a blanket and leave for a day. Then strain the infusion, you can take it up to 3 times daily. Mix with rose hips (broth) if desired, but do not sweeten. Store in refrigerator.
6. Strawberry leaf. Pour 20 g of leaves with boiling water, boil a glass of the mixture for a quarter of an hour, after which it must be infused for two hours. Strain the broth and bring it to the original amount with boiled water. Take for ischemia a tablespoon up to four times a day at any time.

Nutrition for IHD

Taking pills alone for ischemia of the heart, prescribed by a doctor, is not enough to get the result of treatment. It is also important to reduce cholesterol and strengthen the heart to eat right. First of all, you need to limit the consumption of foods rich in saturated fats as much as possible. It is mainly food of animal origin - meat, eggs, milk, butter, sausages.

Cardiac ischemia is not a reason to completely abandon these products, but at the same time, milk should be consumed exclusively skimmed, and meat should be lean, without fat. The best way in this case, turkey, veal, chicken and rabbit meat. All visible fat from meat must be removed during cooking. And when baking in the oven, place the meat on a wire rack to remove excess fat. When making scrambled eggs and scrambled eggs, use no more than one egg per serving. To increase the volume of the dish, add only protein.

Fish, on the contrary, with ischemia of the heart, you should choose the fattest, for example, mackerel. Fish oil contains many important components for cholesterol metabolism. And there is also a lot of iodine in sea fish, which prevents the formation of sclerotic plaques. In excess, this component is also found in seaweed. The latter also dissolves blood clots that cause blood clots.

Unsaturated fats, on the contrary, are necessary for patients with ischemia of the heart. In the body, they contribute to the production of the so-called. "good" cholesterol. These components are found in vegetable oil, any - olive, sunflower, etc. Reduce the amount of cholesterol foods in which the content of dietary fiber is high. These are vegetables, bran bread, nuts, beans.

Berries are also very useful for heart ischemia, because they contain salicylic acid, which prevents the formation of blood clots. You need to eat bananas, peaches, dried apricots and other foods rich in potassium. You should also refuse salty and too spicy foods, and also do not drink a lot of fluids. It is better to eat small meals up to five times a day. Limit yourself to vegetarian food a couple of times a week.

The value of physical activity in coronary artery disease

In the treatment of cardiac ischemia, physical training is of no small importance. If the disease is in its initial stage, the patient is shown swimming, cycling - not too intense loads of a cyclic nature. They should not be carried out only during periods of exacerbation.

If the patient has a severe form of cardiac ischemia, then complexes of special therapeutic exercises are used as a load. It is selected by the attending physician, taking into account the patient's condition. Classes should be conducted by an instructor in a hospital, clinic and under the supervision of a physician. After the course, the patient can independently perform the same exercises at home.

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