What is a strapping crown in a log house. Framing a frame house: lower and upper - features, materials, requirements

Growing popularity frame construction due to the fact that this method allows you to build houses in a very short time. To speed up the work even more, pile-screw foundations are used as the foundation. The fact is that in the process of their arrangement there are no wet processes. To give the foundation proper stability, you will need a competent piping of the pile foundation.

For sustainability wooden house it is not enough to drive piles into the ground - they still need to be fastened together from above Source fucbgik.kal.ru.net

Features of the pile foundation

Pile-screw foundations are very common in low-rise construction. This is especially true for the construction of frame and timber houses, which are distinguished by their low weight.

This is explained by the following advantages of pile structures:

Possibility of use on difficult soils. This refers to weak, heaving and frozen soil. The same applies to uneven areas, when, due to the features of the relief, this type of foundation turns out to be the only possible solution.

Long service life. Compliance with the arrangement technology, the use of high-quality materials and proper operation ensures a long service life of the pile foundation (at least 100 years).

Cheapness. Other types of foundation are much more expensive.

Simple and fast construction. For immersion of screw supports, a special technique is usually used, which allows this procedure to be carried out in a few hours. There is also an option with manual screwing, which can be handled by 3-4 people.

Screwing screw piles with the help of special devices will save a lot of time. Source clubwell.ru

When laying the foundation of screw piles, labor-intensive earthworks will not be required. The main thing is to correctly calculate the screwing depth and the distance between the supports.

The determining factors in the calculations are the massiveness of the future building and the characteristics of the soil - its composition, the depth of groundwater and the degree of freezing.

When considering the possibility of using a pile foundation, it is important to take into account the fact that there is no solid support surface in the structure. This causes certain difficulties when using materials for small format walls. The existing problem is solved by tying screw piles, for which several technologies can be used. The correctness of this procedure directly affects the strength qualities of the finished building.

The reliability of the entire structure will depend on the strength of the pile foundation. Source kursremonta.ru

Why strapping is needed

The strapping function is performed by the upper element of the base - the grillage, for the arrangement of which you can use several methods (the choice depends on what the house is built from). The grillage cannot be considered an obligatory structural element of the pile foundation. Despite this, it is recommended to use it in every case, which guarantees the reliability and stability of the structure.

Rostverk performs the following functions:

Evenly distributes the load on the piles. This is especially true in situations where, due to the characteristics of the soil, the supports have different immersion depths. This state of affairs can cause distortions and shrinkage of the building. Thanks to the grillage, the risk of such situations is minimized.

Creates general design from individual piles. After that, the supports cease to "live their own lives", forming a reliable frame for the house. As a result, the spatial rigidity of the structure and its service life increase by 2 times.

Ties the foundation around the perimeter. Shallow and recessed grillage contributes to an increase in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bsupport to the ground and creates protection for the underground zone from influences from the street.

Scheme of a pile foundation with a shallow grillage Source pobudova.in.ua

On our website you can find contacts construction companies that offer a foundation repair service. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

The foundation piping is classified according to the type of material used:

Wooden from a bar. It is used in the construction of wooden frame houses and timber buildings. The arrangement procedure is cheap, and can be implemented alone, or with one assistant.

Boardwalk. In this way, small wooden and frame buildings are equipped. For the construction of the grillage, the so-called. composite beam from several wooden boards.

Metal. A channel grillage is able to provide stability for a two- or three-story wooden house.

Reinforced concrete. This design demonstrates the greatest reliability and durability, and can be used in capital construction. In the process of arrangement, the concrete solution is poured into a pre-assembled formwork equipped with a reinforcing mesh.

Tying a pile foundation with a bar is the most popular in the construction country houses and cottages. This is especially true for regions with a harsh climate and permafrost.

Wooden strapping is used only for frame buildings and timber houses Source postroifundament.ru

Material selection

The pile foundation grillage is most often equipped from a bar 200 × 150 mm. If the house being built has an impressive size, then it is better to strap it with a bar of 200 × 200 mm. Using material 200 × 150 mm, it must be laid on the heads with a narrow part. Thus, the strapping beam will have a height of 200 mm.

Head base preparation

For the convenience of subsequent construction procedures, the tops of the piles are equipped with special square plates (heads) measuring 250x250 cm.

They need to be prepared accordingly:

Drill several holes (usually 3-4 pieces). They facilitate the procedure for attaching wooden strapping with plumbing screws. Screw size - 10x120 mm.

To fasten the strapping on the heads, holes are made for self-tapping screws. Source svaybur.ru

Carry out waterproofing of the heads with roofing felt or innovative bituminous material. When cutting pieces, a margin of 20 mm per side is made for each head: this facilitates fixation.

Thanks to waterproofing gaskets, protection for wooden piping elements from the damaging effects of moisture is provided. Its source is the condensate that forms on a cold metal surface during temperature fluctuations. Every possible effort should be made to keep the wood dry at all times.

The waterproofing layer between the sole of the head and the beam prevents the penetration of condensed moisture onto the strapping. This significantly increases its service life and prevents rotting. To prevent shifting of waterproofing sheets, the sole of the head is smeared with bituminous mastic.

Waterproofing between the head and the timber is required, otherwise, due to moisture, the harness can quickly “wear out” Source stroy-dom-pravilno.ru

Fastening bars

To facilitate installation, apply a preliminary layout of the beam around the perimeter of the entire structure. This makes it possible to comply with all design parameters for tying the foundation with a bar. The laid beams must have a right angle of docking with each other. To check the perpendicularity, measure the diagonals of the corner sections - they must be identical.

The order of installation of the beam:

The mounting nodes are selected as the starting point for installation in areas where the beams intersect with each other.

Docking timber is usually done "half-body". More rarely, a more reliable “paw” connection can be used. To ensure the tightness of the timber, its ends must be cut off as evenly as possible. The connecting sections are additionally coated with wood glue.

The fastening of the beam to the sole of the heads is carried out with hexagonal screws, which makes it possible to screw them in from below. The screwing procedure is facilitated by pre-drilling small diameter holes at the attachment points. A socket wrench is used to tighten the screws.

The beam inside the perimeter of the grillage is also cut into "half-body". Before this, the timber on the connecting sections is equipped with grooves.

Joining grillage beams at the corners of the foundation perimeter Source stroyfora.ru

After that, it is cut into a part of the end, which is immersed inside the main harness. It is necessary to ensure that the embedded fragment enters the equipped seat as tightly as possible.

Additional mount

For reliability, the elements of the connecting nodes are additionally fastened with steel brackets made of a metal bar with a diameter of 8 mm. This must be done in the case when the length of the self-tapping screws is not enough to firmly fasten thick beams. The place of installation of the brackets is chosen the upper part of the beam, opposite the connecting nodes. The sharp ends of the fastening must be driven into solid sections of the beam that are not equipped with “half-tree” samples.

It is not always easy to completely drive an 8 mm staple into the wood, so this procedure is implemented as follows:

Marking is applied. To do this, it is enough to attach the fastener to the surface of the beam and circle it with a marker.

A groove is cut along the marking line with a depth of 10 and a width of 8 mm.

The points on the surface where the legs will be immersed are equipped with holes with a diameter of 5-6 mm. This will protect the beam from cracking during the clogging of the bracket.

Holes and grooves must be treated with antiseptic impregnation.

Clogged staples should not rise above the surface of the beam Source zen.yandex.ru

Staples are being hammered. They must be immersed flush into the surface of the beam.

At the intersections of two beams, a half-tree joint is used. Self-tapping screws are screwed from below. Staples hammered from above (4 pcs.) Should form a square shape.

Installed brackets should not protrude above the common surface, otherwise it will create difficulties for subsequent construction work.

Video description

About the features of tying a pile foundation in detail in the following video:

Checking the horizontality of the structure

When the binding of the screw piles with a bar is completed, the finished structure is checked for horizontalness. To do this, use a water or building level. Permissible diagonal difference between opposite corners - no more than 5 mm. All parameters of the finished strapping must exactly comply with the instructions in the project documentation. The observed errors must be taken into account during the construction of wall structures.

Checking the horizontal position is a mandatory step, bypassing it you can get a lot of problems with the house in the future Source vse-pro-stroyku.sqicolombia.net

Outcome

The pile foundation allows you not to depend on the characteristics of the soil and the climatic conditions of the region. When it comes to building a lung frame house, tying piles is usually performed using a beam.

In individual construction, the owner seeks to save every ruble, and a columnar, pile or combined foundation is increasingly in demand: the construction of such a foundation for a house or other outbuilding requires much less financial and labor costs, time, and does not require the use of special equipment. But, as in any other issue, there are difficult moments in the construction of columnar foundations, and this is the piping of the pile foundation, that is, a kind of grillage, if we are talking about concrete, and a powerful lower belt, if the piping is done with a wooden beam.

What is the need for tying the foundation

The foundation itself is much easier and faster to perform than to do the subsequent strapping with a bar with your own hands, metal or concrete. Nevertheless, it must be built, and why do this, we will consider in more detail. To comply with the technology, one should correctly understand the principle of operation of a pile or column foundation. Typically, such foundations are erected for objects with a low total weight, since the load capacity of any screw pile or pillar of any material is enough to support the weight of the structure. In addition, financially tying screw piles with timber is much more profitable than building a strip or slab foundation, and it takes several times less time to build. The photo below shows a double strapping with a bar:

The pile foundation includes several piles - depending on the total area of ​​\u200b\u200ba private construction site, there can be from several units to several dozen. Piles can serve as pillars made of steel or reinforced concrete pipes, immersed in the ground to the estimated depth, but not higher than the freezing point of the soil, that is, at least 1-1.5 meters. These pile supports hold the building above the ground surface so that the lower part of the house does not come into contact with the soil, does not absorb moisture and does not freeze from the ground.

But the columnar supports unevenly distribute the load from the weight of the building on the ground, and so that the house does not warp, the piles are tied with a structure made of suitable material. Such a strapping of a house made of timber reduces the pressure on m 2 from the mass of the object and evenly distributes the weight along the perimeter and along the internal and bearing walls house under construction.

The term "truss beam" refers to the horizontal parts (timber beam, steel corner, channel or I-beam, concrete grillage), connecting all piles or pillars with each other into a single monolithic structure. Any strapping can be called a grillage, as it serves to enhance the strength and extend the life of the building.

Varieties and stages of strapping

The binding of the pile foundation with a bar is done sequentially:

1. Prepare the foundation - level it and waterproof;
2. Prepare the building material grillage;
3. Mount the strapping belt.

The screw piles are tied with timber or other building materials if the piles rise above the ground ≥ 0.5 m. The house can be not only wooden, but also built of foam, aerated concrete, hollow brick or SIP panels.

Types of strapping depending on the material of construction:

1. The grillage is assembled with beams for a wooden structure. Strong binding of the pile foundation with a beam is made with a section of ≥ 150 mm, square in shape. Hardware for connections in the structure - steel studs M14-M16 or clamps made of soft thick wire. The beam must first be waterproofed, as well as impregnated with flame retardant and antiseptic compounds. Metal parts are protected with anti-corrosion agents;

2. The channel, angle or I-beam is attached to the piles by welding or appropriate hardware - the method of attachment depends on the material of the piles or pillars. The entire open surface of the metal grillage is covered with anti-corrosion compounds in 2-3 layers;

3. Reinforced concrete tying of piles is made prefabricated or cast. Structurally, such a strapping resembles a strip foundation laid on piles or poles. It is done for brick or block houses, but with appropriate calculations it can also be used for wooden buildings. In prefabricated piping, beams are used, which are laid on piles and connected to each other. For the construction of a solid grillage, a formwork is made into which a reinforcing frame is installed and a concrete solution is poured. The formwork is made removable (sheet materials, boards, etc.) or fixed (extruded polystyrene foam);

How to fasten the harness

Before proceeding with tying the pile foundation, you should choose the method of assembling and fastening the grillage, as well as select the appropriate building materials.

The standard framing of the foundation with a beam is connected to each other in two ways: a straight joint or an oblique cut. The joints are protected with an overlay of boards or a Gerber hinge. The outer binding of the pile base is double.

A wooden, metal and reinforced concrete grillage is attached to the piles as follows:

1. For threaded hardware - bolts, screws, studs;
2. for welding;
3. For clamps or staples.

Tape base

Strapping is needed not only for pile-screw and columnar foundations, but also for strip foundations, since it is difficult to attach wall beams, shields or logs to concrete. The binding acts as an intermediate link between the material of the house and the foundation. The lumber itself is attached to concrete on embedded reinforcement, which is installed when pouring the foundation.

Installing a wooden strapping on a strip base:

1. The surface of the foundation must be strictly horizontal and even. The difference in the surface of the tape in height should be + / - 1 cm, so the irregularities are filled with a thin screed, and smaller differences are adjusted with wooden linings;
2. The surface of the reinforced concrete tape must be waterproofed. To do this, use bitumen, roofing material or a thick plastic film. The material is laid or applied in 2-3 layers;
3. Holes are drilled in the beam with a diameter of 1-2 mm larger than the diameter of the anchors poured into the body of the concrete tape. A rubber gasket and a wide steel washer are put on each anchor, which protects the tree from deformation when the thread is tightened;
4. The strapping beam is laid on the waterproofing layer so that the anchors get into the holes. With each other, the beam is connected "into a bowl" or "into a paw";
5. Nuts are screwed over the washers, and studs are not required at the connection points of the beam;
6. After installing the strapping belt, the assembly of the walls of the house begins.

pile foundation

The most common methods of fastening timber strapping to poles or screw piles during the construction of a house are threaded connections and fastening with clamps. Double fastening makes the connection strong and durable, prevents the piles from loosening and evenly distributes the load on all piles. Preliminary preparation of wood before assembling the strapping consists only in impregnating the timber with antiseptic and flame retardant compounds, and preparation metal parts reduced to the protection of surfaces with anti-corrosion compounds.

The sequence of tying the pile-screw base:

1. First, the strapping from the timber is attached to the threaded connection to the piles. A beam of estimated length is placed between two piles, and where it contacts the metal, a roofing material is laid. It is desirable to additionally impregnate waterproofing with drying oil;
2. The beam is attached to the side posts with self-tapping screws, and to the bottom surface - with studs or anchors;
3. To enhance the strength of the structure, spikes are cut into the outer corners of the beam, or the connection is strengthened by installing metal corners, which must be galvanized or coated with an anti-corrosion coating. The corner is attached to stainless steel screws or galvanized screws;

Thus, the entire strapping structure is assembled - both on the outer sides and inside the perimeter.

If the piles are hammered or screwed in the form of a flange, and it is not possible to attach the timber to them on the sides, then instead of threaded connections, they are fastened to clamps: the timber is laid on the upper ends of the piles, and connected to each other by self-tapping screws. The metal grillage is fastened by welding.

When connecting the timber to the strapping structure, it is necessary to constantly check the horizontalness of its surfaces so that during the further construction of the walls they do not warp, relying on the uneven surface of the strapping. Control is carried out by the usual building level.

After connecting the beam along the perimeter of the object, it is necessary to put on a structure from a beam of a smaller section, connected by the letter “P”, with the ends down, between the piles on the beams located horizontally. This design is called a clamp - such a clamp can be made smaller in size than the strapping bar. With the help of these clamps, the fastening of the entire strapping is strengthened. In the process of assembling the main harness, these wooden clamps are fastened to adjacent piles on a thread or a metal corner. After assembling the strapping, all connections must be checked for strength by loosening: if the structure does not move under maximum effort, the assembly is considered satisfactory.

The method of tying screw piles with timber is gaining particular relevance in modern construction. Pile foundations are increasingly being used in cottage construction. Additional strapping reinforcement of the structure is an important measure to protect against various negative factors. This technology is not a labor intensive process. It is necessary to strengthen the entire structure and preserve specifications pile foundation. Experts recommend using strapping for buildings with low weight loads.

Strapping functions

Piles are pillars embedded in the ground, which, without additional strapping manipulations, do not exclude the appearance of deformations. So that during operation there are no problems in the floor of the house, it is necessary to use the binding of screw piles with a beam. The pillars are interconnected and receive a solid and reliable foundation that can withstand the planned load. The binding of piles is called a grillage.

The screw elements of the pile foundation are hollow tubes made of high-quality steel. The ends of the post have conical blades with which the product is screwed into the soil. There are special holes in the pile. Before the construction of the wall, it is imperative to carry out the strapping from the timber on screw piles. Then the entire structure of the base turns into a single solid system that can withstand the load intended for the foundation.

The posts are also tied to protect the structure from the negative effects of the soil. The grillage is made using a calibrated durable beam.

Kinds

Before starting the process, the strapping technology is carefully selected. Piles can be fixed using:

• threads;
• welding;
• clamps.

You can make a strapping with landing on self-tapping screws if wooden poles were used in the structure. They should be fairly dense and thick. With this technology, correctly calculate the thread. The fastening of screw piles with a beam is applicable in the construction of wooden, frame, block and brick houses.

Welding installation of base elements is used if the piles are metal. Tying the foundation with welding will be the best option and will allow all parts of the structure to hold firmly.

Use of clamps- a variant of strapping technology for solid wood piles. Clamps can be used with a small thickness of the columns. The installation method is chosen depending on the characteristics and parameters of the piles.

Instruments

To perform the work you will need tools:

1. level;
2. apparatus for welding fittings;
3. rolled roofing felt impregnated with drying oil;
4. anchor;
5. self-tapping screws;
6. metal corners;
7. a hammer.

Before starting to tie screw piles with timber, it is required to perform calculations of wood elements. Work begins with the preparation of blanks and the choice of the type of connections. It is necessary to prepare the grooves for the floors.

Laying timber

It is better to use larch or durable coniferous wood for tying piles. The material is placed above the ground, so moisture will actively affect it. When wet, larch acquires greater strength, so experts recommend using this particular wood in the construction of structures.

Work must begin from the corners. Flanges are laid with insulating roofing material. It is important that wood does not come into contact with metal. During operation, the timber will condense and absorb moisture, so it must be isolated from the metal.

Should be paid Special attention for the following points:

• the first adjacent structural elements must be joined and aligned. Their connection is checked with a square;
• the workpiece is additionally customized and fastened with self-tapping screws;
• in the process of performing work, it is important to correctly calculate the geometry of the perimeter and compare its diagonals. They must be equal. After checking, you can continue installation work.

Tying a pile screw foundation with a beam is not difficult. The equal length of the beam allows you to accurately fasten all the elements together and build the entire structure end-to-end. The bar is fastened with a bracket or metal plate. It is then covered with mastic to isolate the material.

Piles tied at the top and bottom are considered more reliable. To secure the screw elements as much as possible, take a beam of 200 mm. At the second level, wood of 150 mm is used. To equip the second row, it is not required to make a special wash down under the log.

To lay the rows of timber as accurately as possible, a wedge is used. It is laid in the place of laying or washed down. SVF can be strengthened metal elements. For tying the foundation on screw piles, glued boards can be used. Such an alternative to timber will cost less in construction and will save money.

Landing on self-tapping screws

The wood is attached to the posts with self-tapping bolts. The place of contact is laid with roofing material oiled with drying oil. To the bottom of the structure, the elements are mounted using a through fastening or anchor. The bar must be securely attached and fixed with a hammer. As additional method to enhance the strength of the structure, metal corners and fastening spikes are used:

• it is expedient to apply corners in corner connections of elements;
• the structural detail is selected according to the exact dimensions of the pile corner section;
• fasten the element with strong self-tapping screws.

It is better not to leave unbound places in the structure. With the help of corners you can process everything desired areas. This will strengthen the entire foundation.

Reinforcement with reinforcement

You can tie the base of the building with steel reinforcement. For this, a welding machine is used. The reinforcement is folded in the form of a grid and firmly fastened by welding. Rarely used in construction this method, because after welding, the steel loses its high technical strength. Reinforcement can become more flexible and cause deformations.

alternative welding work is a manual steel strapping method. The reinforcement is tied with a strong wire and fixed with special hooks. The joints are tied with wire, it is firmly twisted. Instead of wire, you can use special fasteners that do not twist.

Clamp tying

Landing on collars is carried out by planting. The bar is placed on the top of the pile and the area is fixed with self-tapping screws. Tied with clamps wooden elements. For the foundation on screw piles, welding can also be used. The plane of the bars should be as flat as possible. This parameter is checked by the building level. Clamps should be installed perfectly accurately and evenly around the entire perimeter of the structure:

• between the beams, U-shaped bars are put on a horizontally laid beam;
• fix the elements end down. This bar gives the best strength to the entire structure;
• pile columns are connected with self-tapping screws.

To strengthen the structure, metal corners are used. With the help of this technology, the entire foundation is equipped, after fixing the clamps, construction can continue.

• Before starting work, you need to look at all sections and make sure that the columns have the same height. The success of the entire construction depends on this. The height of the piles must have perfect accuracy, otherwise it will not be possible to perform well further work. If any post is higher or lower, it should be leveled. Otherwise, in the future, a strong skew of the floor in the house is possible.
• The binding connection must be performed exactly in the center of the site. It is in this place that the screws are fixed. The installation of fasteners makes the entire structure as strong as possible, so this issue should be treated with great attention. Fixing the self-tapping screw in the center of the timber will not allow the wood to crack.
• Before installing the beam, it is important to check the correct selection of the length of the elements. wooden block, which will be mounted horizontally, should be twice as wide as the pile. Only then will the whole structure be especially strong and reliable.
• It is better not to experiment with new technological methods during the construction period. Competently performed work will provide the necessary technical specifications throughout the base of the house. If the master does not have confidence in own forces, it is better to call specialists to perform high-quality grillage.
• Compliance with all the rules and recommendations of experts will ensure high strength structures. In order not to redo the grillage in the future, the timber must be precisely aligned horizontally. Use for impregnation compounds that will protect the material from moisture.
• Tying a pile foundation requires a complete understanding of all stages of the process. Firmly fixed structural elements will allow you to correctly distribute the further load on the building, save the house from destruction and extend its service life.

Vacation home usually weighs quite a lot, therefore, its support must be very strong, despite the fact that the foundation is created from separate piles. Screw pile tying is required to evenly distribute the entire mass of the building. Thanks to this reliable coupling, it is possible to connect individual piles into a single whole - the foundation.

Features and purpose

Separately located elements, placed along the line, not in contact with each other, form the basis of the pile foundation. To connect the piles into one whole structure, which is needed to lay the foundation of the foundation, which is the support of the building, it is necessary to equip each pile with a special head, and then create a harness on it. Moreover, this strapping aligns the entire top line, along which the piles are installed, into a single flat horizontal plane. This is very important for the sustainability of the future home. It should be noted right away that the pile-screw foundation is the best way creating the foundation for buildings.

Such a foundation is environmentally friendly, costs significantly less, it is light and is installed very quickly compared to other types of foundations. A residential building from a bar can be built with significant benefits. The house itself is built mostly independently, the principle of the designer is applied. During the laying of the foundation, screw piles are screwed into the ground, work is carried out by analogy with the tightening of self-tapping screws. Certain difficulties can be encountered when tying screw piles. Since during the installation process it is necessary to form a grillage. It is worth remembering that much will depend on the quality of this work.

Load calculation

When installing a pile foundation on screw supports, you have to work with a base for a light load. This scheme is well suited for small sheds, garages and baths made from timber. A weak support will be more than compensated for by the significant speed of construction and very low costs. The foundation on screw piles is constructed from supports installed vertically and a strapping located horizontally. Four supports are usually used for the entire system, although there may be more.

The binding in this case is represented by a grillage. It is created from a material suitable for creating a beam. It can be either concrete, or wood, or metal. Wood is placed at the base of the beam, a corner is made of metal, blocks are made of concrete. The binding of screw piles connects the beams to each other and to the grillage. The positivity of the process directly depends on the careful observance of all the requirements of the laying and installation instructions.

The pile heads must necessarily be on the same horizon line, which is controlled when the supports are immersed in the ground. The width of the beam should be one and a half times the diameter of the piles. Another mandatory requirement is that the axis along the center of the supports must necessarily go only through the center of the beam. Screw pile tying connects supports and beams threaded connection either for welding or for clamps.

What and how to tie?

Strapping material

Installation depends on the characteristics of the material of the beam and the foundation. Tying screw piles with a bar is very common. But many are interested in the question of whether it is necessary to use technology using timber, if stronger materials, such as concrete or metal, can be used. It should be noted that timber is the best option for a grillage when building houses made of wood or according to frame technology, since the beam has great strength and very high resistance to temperature extremes. When treated with an antiseptic that protects the tree from rot, the service life of the timber is longer than that of steel beams. The tying of screw piles with a bar is carried out according to a technology that provides for fastening the beams to the thread, or all parts of the grillage are fixed with clamps.

Thread mounting

This technique is used only for the foundation, made according to the U-shaped. A beam is installed in the recesses on the flanges and fixed with a support using self-tapping screws. A roofing material is placed between the beams and piles. Connect the beams at the corners into a paw or bowl. Corner fixing can be carried out with spikes. For corners outside, elements in the form of a corner are used. This technique allows you not to waste time on the tongue-and-groove system.

The best binding of screw piles is the laying of the fastener element on the outer corner. Fastening is carried out with self-tapping screws to the bars.

Use of clamps

Such fixation is used in systems using piles with no flange. In this case, a rectangular platform is welded on top of the pile head, and a grillage beam is placed on it. The U-shaped clamp is laid on top of the beam, its width should be equal to the width of the beam. The edges of the clamp, which will hang down, are connected by welding or threaded connection with a vertical support. At the corners of the beam, the connection is made using a metal corner.

Application of channel and I-beam

On lightly loaded structures, a grillage can be erected from a channel. Such structures include, for example, bathhouses and sheds. A grillage made of piles and metal is tied by welding. The elements of the base and the structure are fixed on a circular seam. The assembly procedure consists in installing the channel on the pile heads. The element can be strengthened in such a way that the side faces will “look” down. The binding of screw piles with a channel is also carried out in the opposite direction, in which case the edges are directed upwards.

When the channel is located in such a system, the resistance to loads on the transverse parts of the structure is much better. It turns out the formwork, which must be filled with mortar, this is how the wall masonry for the reinforcing belt is formed. To ensure high strength strapping, instead of a channel, an I-beam of equal dimensions is used. When channels and beams are joined at the corners, then welding is used. At the end of the binding of the supports, the grillage is covered with an anti-corrosion agent.

Boarding

Tying screw piles with boards often involves the use of material from cedar, larch, pine or spruce. In this case, the foundation fasteners begin with the production of a beam, which is based on boards. The elements are glued together and fixed with screws or a bolt system. When using thin boards in the construction of the foundation, it is additionally necessary to press them down with plywood sheets. Be sure to ensure that all the joints of the boards are located on different piles.

Between themselves, the boards are connected in half a tree. The beams are placed on the edge and fixed with piles.

The binding of screw piles using this technology is carried out as follows:

• internal, middle and external contours are created (herringbone principle);
• elements are collected and fixed in turn;
• between the channel, the pile heads and the strapping itself, a layer of roofing material is required for waterproofing;
• if the height of the strapping turned out to be more than 40 cm, then the base is additionally strengthened with a professional pipe.

Using a pipe from a profile for tying with an I-beam

If there is a desire to make the strapping with an I-beam, then you need to prefer a material with perforations. The I-beam must be welded as tightly and back to back as possible. The preference in choosing this particular material lies in its high strength and low weight. The profiled pipe with this design acts as a spacer, which increases the durability of the building foundation. For strapping, a professional pipe is welded from the outside around the entire perimeter of the foundation.

Is strapping required during construction?

Very often, future owners of private houses think about whether screw piles are needed or not. The foundation on piles is a structure of supports recessed into the ground. The installation of these supports is carried out very carefully, but even so they will not be able to answer maximum requirements strength, will not be fully reliable. The floors may well skew during the subsequent operation of the house, and the strapping will definitely not allow the base of the building to lose strength, which will make it very strong, and, therefore, the house will last for many years.

Important: it is necessary to use very strong building materials. The beam will fully allow you to get a fairly solid base that can withstand impressive loads.

When choosing a harness from wooden beam should be followed next order works:

• upon completion of the installation of screw piles and alignment, metal pads made of sheet steel 20x20 cm and a thickness of at least 4 mm should be welded onto their heads;
• in these fragments of metal sheets, it is necessary to drill four holes with a diameter of 8 mm to fix the timber;
• at the end of the work, welding seams and heads must be treated with an anti-corrosion compound;
• on top it is necessary to lay waterproofing, usually from roofing material in two or three layers, which will prevent the accumulation of moisture at the junction of metal and wood;
• one row of timber or a package of boards is laid on previously prepared sites;

The geometry of the future building can be checked by measuring the diagonals of the frame from the outside with a tape measure or a simple rope.

• it is important to lay the joints of the beam from the end in a dovetail or paw-to-paw;
• when all the parameters have been checked, the bars can be fixed to the supports with screws, which should have a diameter of 8 mm and a length of 150 mm, they should be screwed in with a wrench;
• first you need to make a hole in the timber with a drill with a diameter of 6 mm three quarters of the length of the screw. This is necessary so that the beam does not crack;
• even more reliably, the structure is fixed with bolts with a diameter of 8 mm, which must pass through the beam from top to bottom. To do this, you first need to make a hole with a drill 10 mm deep. This is necessary for fastening the bolt head and washer, the diameter must be at least 30 mm.

Today, foundation foundations erected on pile supports are very popular. Among their advantages is the speed of installation of the constituent elements. Naturally, the construction time to a certain extent depends on the complexity of the structure, but on average, such a foundation is built in two to three days. Note that in order to build concrete base it will take at least one month, because you have to wait for the final drying of the concrete. The pile structure is installed quickly and is characterized by low financial costs. In addition, such a foundation is suitable for sites with any soil composition. There is only one feature that is not recommended to be overlooked - tying the pile foundation with a beam.

Features of the pile foundation

These types of foundations are considered popular for the construction of low-rise structures - objects made of timber or frame structures, which are characterized by a small mass.

This is explained by some advantages of pile foundations:

• they can be installed in areas with heaving and complex soils. This condition applies to construction sites with slopes, when the terrain features do not allow other foundations to be arranged;
• long operating period. If you fully comply technological features installation work and use quality materials, then with proper operation, the pile foundation will serve you for at least a hundred years;
• acceptable cost of materials and work;
• ease of installation. It is possible to immerse screw piles into the ground within a few hours, using special equipment for this. If there are enough workers, this process is done manually.

By laying a screw pile foundation, you completely eliminate the need for earthworks that take up a lot of time and effort. It is only necessary to accurately determine the depth of immersion of piles and the distance between them.

For the calculation, the weight of the proposed object, the features of the soil composition, the level ground water, freezing depth.

When installing a pile foundation, you will also have to take into account the fact that the structure will not have a solid support, which will create certain difficulties during construction. interior partitions. But such a problem can be solved by tying the piles. If such a procedure is performed in accordance with the requirements, then the strength indicator of the finished structure will increase.

Varieties of strapping

If we consider the location of the strapping belt relative to the soil surface, the following types of strapping are distinguished:

• buried - plunges into the ground so that the upper surface is at the same level with the ground;
• elevated - placed on the surface of the soil;
• high - raised above the surface by fifteen centimeters or more.

According to the materials used, the bindings are divided into four groups:

• channel;
• I-beam;
• tape made of reinforced concrete monolith;
• timber.

Metal binding is more durable, but it is difficult to mount it. Reinforced concrete grillage in terms of reliability is not inferior to metal counterparts, they can be built with their own hands, but they are labor intensive. It should be added that they will increase the construction time, because the concrete will take time to reach its final strength.

Erecting private house from light building materials, it is recommended to use a wooden beam as a strapping - a durable, inexpensive and easy-to-install material.

Why do you need

To understand why the foundation is tied with a beam, it is necessary to clarify the technological features of installing a pile foundation.

Such foundations are often used for light frame buildings, characterized by a small specific gravity. The pile foundation significantly wins in terms of money, is distinguished by reliability, not inferior to its other counterparts.

Piles are represented by pillars immersed in the soil, located from each other with a certain step. But no matter how reliable the supports are, they do not give a 100% guarantee in terms of strength and the elimination of distortions. In this case, you have to perform a strapping that allows you to ideally solve these problems.

The process of tying a pile foundation with a do-it-yourself beam should provide for the formation of strong fasteners, with the help of which the installed supports are connected into a single structure.

With the help of such a working stage, a reliable foundation is obtained, which makes it possible to equally distribute and withstand the effects of a loading nature. Tying piles with a bar is called a grillage and is recognized as the most effective auxiliary element.

Strapping features

Before proceeding with tying the pile-screw foundation with a beam, the wood should be treated with antiseptic compounds in order to reliably protect it from the formation of fungi and mold. An additional precaution will be the treatment of the timber with antifoams, which reduce the ability of the tree to ignite.

At the time when the processed wooden elements dry out, heads are arranged on the end sections of the piles - steel structures welded onto the screw shafts. With its shape, the head resembles the letter “P”, and the gap between its legs is determined depending on the size of the beam section. It is also recommended to arrange holes for fasteners in advance.

To get a more reliable strapping, it should be done in a double row. In this case, cuts will not have to be performed, which will have a positive effect on the strength indicator. For the second row, a beam of a smaller section is used (15 by 10 versus 20 by 20 cm). The installation of the second level is carried out on the edge, the connecting sections of the lower row must overlap.

The lower harness is most often made of coniferous material, which has certain advantages:

• long operating period;
• a good indicator of strength;
• low moisture content;
• acceptable cost.

When buying lumber, check it for cracks so as not to reduce the quality of the assembled structure. In addition, ten to fifteen percent of the total volume should be additionally included in the calculations for the need.

Let's figure out what is better to do the strapping on a pile foundation - from a bar or from boards.

The standards approved in the construction industry allow the use of a solid beam with a section of 15 by 15, 15 by 20, 20 by 20 cm, or a beam prepared by connecting several boards and having a cross section of 5 by 20 cm. certain indicators are even considered more reliable. Three boards connected into one whole can replace a beam with a section of 15 by 20 cm, and four - 20 by 20 cm.

The lumber material, the size of one of the sides of which is 20 cm, is mounted on the pile heads with a smaller edge, and the height of the strapping belt in this case is 200 mm.

Each of the options is popular and considered correct. Note that after studying all the advantages and disadvantages of materials, developers in most cases use boards sewn together.

The solid form of the timber is considered a heavy type of building material, and if the number of workers on the site is limited, it will be difficult to transfer such elements to the installation sites. In addition, solid beams have poor bending resistance, which reduces their practicality. But the boards have to be connected before installation, which entails additional costs.

Materials and tools

Before you make a strapping from a bar for a screw foundation, you should prepare everything you need for work. You will need:

• level and tape measure;
• self-tapping screws;
• anchor;
• ruberoid;
• welder;
• bolts for making ties;
• a hammer;
• brushes and protective equipment for woodworking;
• dry beam.

Stages of work

Consider how to properly make a strapping from a bar for a columnar foundation. To do this, you have to perform certain types of work.

We prepare pile heads

To make it more convenient to tie a columnar foundation with a beam, it is necessary to equip the pile tops with square-shaped plates, the dimensions of which are 25 by 25 cm.

Prepare them as follows:

• three to four holes are drilled, with the help of which the process of fastening a wooden beam with self-tapping screws is simplified;
• on the heads with the help of roofing material or bituminous composition, a waterproofing layer is arranged. cutting out the pieces roll material, it is recommended to leave a two-centimeter margin on each side, which facilitates the fixation process.

Due to the waterproofing layer, the wood is protected from the negative effects of water, the source of which is condensate that appears on the cool surface of the metal after changes temperature regime. Therefore, every effort should be made to keep the wood dry.

We fasten the timber

To facilitate installation work on tying the screw foundation with a beam, wooden elements are preliminarily laid out around the perimeter of the base under construction. This will allow you to comply with the dimensions determined by the design decision. The laid out beams must be joined to each other at a right angle, the perpendicularity check is performed by measuring the diagonals of the corners, the dimensions of which must be the same.

Installation work:

• installation begins at the intersections of the beams;
• the beam is joined "in half a body". Sometimes the paw connection option is used, which is more reliable. In order for the timber to fit snugly, its end sections are cut evenly. At the joints, it is recommended to coat the wood with an adhesive composition;
• the beam is attached to the soles with a head with self-tapping screws. It is better to use hardware with hexagonal heads - it is more convenient to screw them in from below. To facilitate such work, holes of small diameter are pre-drilled, the self-tapping screws are tightened with a socket wrench;
• inside the grillage perimeter, the beam cuts into “half the body”. Before that, the beam is equipped with grooves at the connection points. Then part of the butt is cut so that the timber is immersed in the main harness.

The element to be inserted must fit into place as tightly as possible.

In order to increase the level of reliability at the joints, such sections are additionally fixed with metal brackets, the diameter of which is 8 mm. This measure is used when the length of the self-tapping screws is insufficient for a strong connection of the beams.

Staples are installed in the upper parts of the timber, opposite the joints. The pointed ends are driven into the solid surface of the beam, which does not have selections.

It is sometimes difficult to completely drive in an eight-millimeter bracket, and it is recommended to perform such a procedure in this way:

• markup is performed, for which fastener applied to the surface of the beam and outlined with a marker;
• along the applied line, a groove is made 1 and 0.8 cm in depth and width, respectively;
• the places in which the legs of the bracket are to be immersed are drilled. Pre-prepared holes of 5 - 6 mm in diameter will prevent the formation of cracks;
• each groove and hole is treated with antiseptic compounds;
• the hammering of steel staples begins, which must be immersed flush with the wood surface;
• at the intersection points of the beams, the “half-tree” docking option is used. Self-tapping screws are screwed in from below, four brackets are driven in so that they form a square.

Metal brackets protruding above the surface will create certain difficulties for subsequent installation work.

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