Care growing vegetables. How to grow early vegetables

Growing vegetables in the backyard is not only a personal need, but is also widely used as a business.

However, buying seeds is only half the battle.

Most good varieties may not be useful if you do not take into account the features of the earth. A vegetable may begin to hurt at the initial stage of ripening.

This section describes in detail how to properly plant seedlings in. After all, the irrational use of the territory significantly underestimates the level of productivity.

In addition to good care, you must choose the right one or build a greenhouse yourself. Not everyone knows that from one square meter land in a year you can collect three tons of cucumber. But this is only with the right activity. Here it is necessary to take into account many side factors that will contribute to a good harvest.

That is why planting seeds where it hit is not advisable. Yes, and the soil is better to prepare and fertilize. This is usually done in the autumn.

It should be borne in mind that vegetables that grow in greenhouses are very demanding. Therefore, here it is required to maintain a certain temperature and humidity and.

Outdoor cultivation

Growing vegetables in open ground implies a good harvest, but this is a seasonal phenomenon.

Many do it for themselves and their families; for some, this activity is a profitable business.

Therefore, it is important to find a good place for each vegetable crop.

And when planting, it is necessary to use varieties suitable for growing in open ground.

Every person who loves to work with the land knows that sowing begins in April. Therefore, at its beginning, preparations for planting begin. By the end of the month, it is quite possible to start planting radishes, onions and carrots. If the soil is well warmed up, people immediately start planting potatoes.

Avid gardeners know that seedlings should be sprayed from a watering can for the first six days after planting. Starting in May, you can start planting vegetables such as cucumber and. At the end of the month, white cabbage is already planted.

With regard to the care of planted vegetable crops, it should be understood that all the time the growth of the beds must be weeded. This will encourage faster growth. The weed takes away the multitude useful substances from the soil, which is so necessary for vegetables. Plant nutrition is also important. Not every person knows what they do after loosening and watering the earth. Proper care will help to avoid the appearance of diseases and ensure greater yields.

Growing vegetables at home in winter

Growing vegetables in the winter at home, most people produce hydroponics.

it modern way getting a good harvest all year round.

Some farms have already switched to its full use.

The specificity of this method lies in the fact that vegetables grow without soil.

For cultivation, substrates and special nutrient solutions are used.

Hydroponics has many benefits, chief among which is the absence of chemicals. The process is less troublesome than usual. With the proper establishment of activities, it is necessary to water the plants only twice a week. In the current section there are a number of articles on the topic of this modern method. A huge number of people have long been growing vegetables on their windowsills. At the same time, the house is clean and comfortable.

You can grow vegetables in any territory of our country. For this, not only open ground is used, but also greenhouses, as well as special hydroponic pots. In this section, the reader can learn about each of the methods in detail.

The weather is getting better, the sun is shining brighter, and under its gentle rays, not only fragile green leaves appear, but also thoughts about future plantings. After they appear, we go to the store of seeds and plants and buy, buy, buy: everything is so beautiful, inexpensive, and, it turns out, we absolutely need all this! Familiar situation? In this case, we recommend that you sit on a bench right in the store, relax a bit and read our article on the compatibility of different types of plants. Perhaps after that most of your purchases will go to their original place.

Plant vegetables the right way

You must have noticed that in some people’s garden everything grows and booms, while in others it doesn’t even sprout? If you sadly relate yourself to the latter, do not be discouraged: it's not about you! Most likely, you are simply planting your plants incorrectly, and in this matter both "neighborhood" and order are important. For example, onion and carrot will become excellent neighbors, as the culprit of tears releases a special substance that saves defenseless carrots from pests. A good solution would be to land peas Near pumpkin: the latter will not allow weeds to grow. If you love growing tomatoes, but the harvest does not please you too much, plant a bed next to it basilica- its smell is not tolerated by caterpillars who want to spoil your tomatoes. In addition, both plants need the same care and watering, so you will make your task much easier. The same can be said about eggplant and Bulgarian pepper.

Leaf salad quite unpretentious and ready to coexist peacefully with many plants, but keep in mind that he will feel bad next to parsley - avoid such a neighborhood. Sunflower it is better to plant far from other plants, since it releases substances into the ground that prevent everyone but him from growing. If most of your plantings suffer from pest invasion, then you can plant sunny flowers of calendula (marigold) nearby: they will do an excellent job of repelling insects and at the same time decorate the beds.

The sequence of planting plants in the soil is also important, whichit may be oversaturated with any harmful components or, conversely, the necessary elements may not be enough. For example, it is very good to grow carrots and beets after potatoes, but such a predecessor will not fit tomatoes categorically. Follow the vegetable cycle on the table below and you definitely can't go wrong with planting.

Separately, it is worth mentioning the beds: if you think that it is enough to throw seeds into the ground with a generous handful, then you are greatly mistaken. The shape and type of the bed largely determines the abundance of your future harvest, as well as the frequency of your "exploits" with a shovel and chopper. If you don’t like to mess around in the garden at all, then ideal solution for you will be the so-called "lazy" beds. This version of the beds absolutely does not require weeding or care, yes, yes, you read everything correctly.

Preparation of such beds is done in advance in order to carefully and properly fertilize the soil. The soil is also mulched, which subsequently does not allow weeds to sprout. The earth is loosened and weeded once - during planting. After that, regular watering is enough. To some, this idea may seem strange, but it really works. The soil fertilized in advance saturates the plants with all the necessary components, and the correct planting of the "neighbors" reduces the appearance of weeds and pests to a minimum. In addition, due to the lack of weeding, the plants grow larger and hardier.

Another interesting option are "smart" beds. In composition, they are very similar to "lazy", but in "smart" beds, the emphasis is on even more thorough fertilization of the soil - most often it is compost with the addition of straw. From above, such a combination is covered with a small layer of earth. Such beds are often made very high, they can reach a height of more than a meter. This contributes to the fact that the landing is better warmed up by the sun.

Of course, this option of beds will require more effort from you, but later you will be pleasantly surprised by the harvest, as well as the free time that has appeared.

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Photo: 1zoom.me, pinme.ru, mediaspy.ru, liveinternet.ru, happymodern.ru

WikiHow is a wiki, which means that many of our articles are written by multiple authors. When creating this article, 14 people worked on editing and improving it, including anonymously.

The vegetable garden is a source of pleasure and useful activity in spring and summer. Plan to grow the vegetables your family loves the most, then find the best planting spot in your yard (or patio). With a little time and care, your summer table will be full of ripe, delicious foods.

Steps

Landing planning

1. Decide what to grow. What vegetables do you like the most? Think about what you would like to have on your plate all summer long and plan your garden accordingly. Most vegetables grow well in a variety of climates, but it's best to find out what grows best in your climate zone before deciding what to grow.

   • Consider choosing vegetables that ripen at different times so you have fresh produce throughout the summer instead of having them all ripen at the same time.
   • Some plants do not grow as well in some regions as they do in their native region. Find out if the vegetables you want to grow require a cool temperature, or if they wilt and die when the temperature gets too high. You may need to be more selective about what to grow if you live in a climate with very short summers or in an area that suffers from a lack of water.
   • Choose plants that need the same growing conditions and soil conditions to make gardening easier.

2. Choose a place for landing. Most vegetables need bright sunlight, so choose the sunniest spot in your area to plant. Avoid areas that may be shaded by a house or tree during the day. Choose a location that has good drainage and rich soil.

   • You can find out if an area has good drainage by checking it after a heavy rain. If puddles form, the area is probably not suitable for a vegetable garden. If the water immediately seeps into the soil, then everything is fine.
   • Choose an area that is relatively flat, without a lot of roots and rocks. This will facilitate the cultivation of the land and the preparation of beds for planting.
   • If the soil is of poor quality or does not have good drainage, you can still plant a vegetable garden by creating high beds allowing plants to be grown above ground level.
   • Some vegetables grow well in large pots. Peppers, tomatoes and potatoes can be grown in pots on the patio or fire escape if you don't have a yard.

3. Garden design. Now it's time to figure out how much space the garden should take up and what plants will grow there. Various types vegetable plants need different amounts of space, so find out how much space you need for the plants you want to grow when you plan your design.

   Preparing for landing

   1. Buy seeds and supplies. Decide if you will be planting vegetables from seeds or seedlings and buy them from a catalog or nursery. You also have to decide which tools you need to buy. A lot of gardening jobs can be done by hand with simple tools, but if you're planning on having a large vegetable garden, your life will be a lot easier if you get a motor cultivator to work the soil. Here's what you'll need:

      • Seeds or seedlings. Many nurseries have an excellent selection of seeds and seedlings, as well as staff who can help you decide which strains to buy. If you decide to plant seedlings, buy them no more than a few days before planting.
      • Fertilizer. A good natural fertilizer will provide your vegetables with additional nutrients. Purchase bone meal, albumin meal, or soil fertilizer mix. Compost also works quite well.
      • Mulch and topsoil. Vegetable plants should be protected from wind and heavy rain when they are first planted. Determine if mulch is required or just a thin layer of fertile soil will suffice. You can also use hay to protect plant sprouts.

   2. Motor cultivator. This machine is used to loosen the soil, which allows you to apply fertilizer and dig holes for plants. For a small vegetable garden, you can just use a hoe and your own hands, but you may want to buy or rent a motor cultivator for gardens larger than 3 square meters.

      • Shovel and rake. They are used for digging holes and moving plants and soil, and are important gardening tools.
      • Ruler or tape measure. Since vegetable plants need to be planted at different depths, it is helpful to have a ruler to measure the holes made.
      • Hose with adjustable watering modes. The ability to change the water pressure can be useful.
      • Protective devices. Creatures such as rabbits, squirrels, deer and other animals love to nibble on vegetables, so you can build a fence around your garden.

   3. Prepare the ground. Mark the corners of the garden you created with stones. Clear the area within these boundaries of roots, rocks, sticks, weeds, and other large debris. Use a power cultivator or hoe and rake to break up the soil into small pieces, digging it to a depth of about 30 centimeters, depending on how deep your vegetables need to be planted.

      • If you are using fertilizer, mix it into the soil with a rake. Make sure you distribute them evenly.
      • Be sure to take the time to remove large rocks that are hidden under the soil. They will interfere with the roots of your plants, and it is best to take the time to clear the soil of them.
      • If you're worried about the quality of the soil in your area, buy a soil test kit to find out how much nutrients and organic matter it contains, as well as its pH level. All of these factors determine how well vegetables grow and how nutritious they will be. Once you've tested the soil, you can add anything that might be missing.

Many gardeners are already growing onion through seedlings, getting a good harvest of onion heads from seeds during the season. To do this, you need to grow strong seedlings and plant onion sprouts in the middle of May on the beds already with a formed root system and the first bunch of leaves.

When and how to sow onions for seedlings was described here.

When growing onion seedlings at home, problems often arise - the plants are stretched, thin, weak, easily lie down, bend or turn yellow, the tips of the leaves dry out. To avoid problems, you need to know what conditions are favorable for this culture and what care mistakes should be avoided.

13 mar 2020

In order for eggplant seedlings to succeed, be strong, healthy, you need to know what kind of care this culture loves and create favorable conditions for the plants to grow.

What loves and dislikes eggplant seedlings:

1. Eggplants love warmth. . Seedlings of this culture grow rapidly at air temperatures above +20 degrees, when the temperature drops to +16 degrees, plant growth stops. It is necessary to control not only the temperature of the air where the seedlings are located, but also the temperature of the soil in the seedling containers, since if the boxes or cups are on a cold windowsill, this can inhibit the growth of seedlings.

02 mar 2020

When growing seedlings of flowers and vegetables at home, the problem of stretching plants often arises. Stretching seedlings should be dealt with immediately after germination.

There are only five things that cause seedlings to stretch, and by eliminating them, you will get strong, stocky plants for planting in the ground.

1. Lack of Light Causes Plants to Stretch . It is important immediately after the appearance of the first shoots to provide crops with lighting lasting about 12 hours a day.

28 Feb 2020

When sowing seeds of vegetables and flowers for seedlings, in order to prevent regrading and remember what grows in a particular container, gardeners use various ways crop markings. If the seedlings dive into cups, then you need to sign each cup, since when rearranging, planting in the ground, the plants will mix and get mixed up, only the labels on the cups will help prevent re-grading of plants.

What labels are convenient to use for labeling seedlings? These can be both home-made and purchased flags, plates, but since you always need to label a large number of seedlings, it is better to save money and make labels for seedlings with your own hands.

21 Feb 2020

The most exciting period of growing eggplant seedlings is the expectation of germination.

Most gardeners consider eggplant seeds to be tight. Due to the long germination of seeds, eggplant seedlings are sown early - from mid-February.

Eggplant can sprout after 1 week and after 3-4 weeks. When there are no shoots a week after sowing, we consider that the seeds Bad quality or influenced by the moon, but we do not take into account errors when sowing this crop.

The germination rate of an eggplant seed is influenced by two factors - temperature and sufficient humidity.

14 Feb 2020

First of all, everyone has a problem - there is not enough space on the windowsills to accommodate everything that you want to sow.

09 Feb 2020

When growing seedlings of vegetables, you must strictly follow all the rules of agricultural technology from sowing to planting in the ground. Even a small defect, for example, an incorrectly chosen time for sowing seeds, leads to a decrease in the quality of seedlings, due to which plant yields may decrease.

I will list 5 main mistakes that kill seedlings:

29 Jan 2020

Growing seedlings of vegetables begins with the preparation of seeds for sowing. At the first stage, the seeds must undergo disinfection or preventive purification from fungal and bacterial diseases. Disease infections can persist on seed coats for a long time, and after sowing infected seeds, plants become ill already at the seedling stage.

Be sure to disinfect the seeds collected by yourself. If the manufacturer assures that the seeds have gone through all the stages of preparation for sowing, then you can immediately start sowing, bypassing the stages of disinfection and soaking the seeds.

24 Jan 2020

The most popular way to get garden crops on household plots. On the beds you can cultivate potatoes, cabbage, root crops, zucchini, cucumbers, tomatoes, herbs and much more. But to get a rich harvest, you need not only to properly care for the plants, but also carefully select the site and prepare it.

How to do it right you will learn from our article. We have prepared a detailed overview of the methods and means of growing popular garden crops, and have selected photos and videos for you that will facilitate the process of growing vegetables in the open field.

Site selection and soil preparation

Choosing a bed for sowing a particular vegetable should be based on fertility, lighting, humidity levels and other parameters necessary for each type of crop. For example, cucumbers are afraid of drafts, so they are placed in areas protected from the winds, but at the same time quite wet. For cabbage, fertile and moist areas are chosen, well lit and protected from the wind. Tomato beds should be located in places with sufficient lighting, but without excess moisture.

Rice. 1. Preparing the soil for planting vegetables: digging, loosening and fertilizing

After harvesting the beds in without fail dig and fertilize (Fig. 1). To do this, you can use organic matter (manure, bird droppings or compost), mineral fertilizers or green manure - green plants that make the earth looser, prevent the growth of weeds and saturate with useful substances.

A prerequisite for choosing a site for vegetables is the observance of crop rotation. Not all cultures get along well with each other. For example, cabbage greatly impoverishes the land, so after it it is better to plant vegetables that are undemanding to fertility.

Preparing seeds for planting

A high yield of vegetables is ensured not only by the correct selection of a place, but also by the preparation of seeds. Regardless of the type of crop, only the best seeds need to be selected and processed before sowing. An example of processing is shown in Figure 2.

Note: Before use, the seeds are heated, hardened and germinated. This ensures the appearance of friendly seedlings and high yields.

Preparation of vegetable seeds includes:

• Soaking - raw materials are lowered into clean water or a weak solution of potassium permanganate for several hours. This helps to destroy pathogenic bacteria and saturate the seeds with nutrients.
• hardening - the change is wrapped in a damp cloth and placed on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator for 4-6 hours. After that, they are transferred to a room with room temperature for another 12 hours.
• Germination - before planting, bean or corn seeds are dipped in a plate of water, and then wrapped in a damp cloth and kept at room temperature until small roots appear. This procedure significantly increases germination and yield.

Rice. 2. Treatment of vegetable seeds before planting in open ground

Early and heat-loving crops are grown not only by sowing in open ground, but also by seedlings. This is the only opportunity to get a crop in regions with a harsh or unstable climate (for example, in Siberia). With the help of seedlings, you can get not only cucumbers, tomatoes or cabbage, but also beets, zucchini and corn.

Features of growing vegetables

Since each vegetable has its own growing technology, it is necessary to dwell in more detail on the main aspects of the cultivation of common crops in the open field.

Cabbage

Fertile soils with a slight damp slope and the ability to retain moisture are excellent for cabbage.

Note: Good beds for cabbage will be those where potatoes, cucumbers or onions used to grow.

grow cabbage in a seedless way is possible only in a warm climate. In other regions, an early cabbage harvest can only be obtained by pre-breeding seedlings (Fig. 3). Seeds are planted at the end of winter in a container with a nutritious earth mixture. After the formation of several leaves, the seedlings are seated in separate containers.

Rice. 3. Planting and growing cabbage in the open field

Cabbage seedlings are transplanted in May, but it is advisable to prepare the bed in advance: fertilize with manure and carefully dig. Cabbage is planted in rows, at a distance of 50 cm from each other. The soil in the hole is moistened and fertilized with humus and ash.

Note: If the threat of frost has not yet passed, the seedlings can be covered with foil, but when the temperature stabilizes, the shelter is removed.

Cabbage is very sensitive to watering. In the absence of natural precipitation, the soil is moistened every 3 days, and so that a crust does not form on the surface, additional loosening is carried out. Hilling will help retain moisture and prevent the growth of weeds. Also, cabbage can be fertilized by introducing mineral and organic top dressings (10 days after planting the seedlings and again a month later).

ornecrops

For root crops, well-lit areas are selected. The most popular crops of this species are carrots and beets. But if carrots tolerate frost and drought well, then beets require more stable climatic conditions.

Note: Despite the resistance of root crops to temperature extremes, it is recommended to carry out pre-sowing treatment of seeds to accelerate their germination.

Beets can be sown both directly in open ground and grown from seedlings. Seeds are sown in small containers, and after the appearance of two or three leaves they dive (seated in separate pots or cups).

Rice. 4. Growing carrots and beets in open ground

Sowing directly into the soil is carried out when the soil warms up at a depth of 5 cm. Cold ground can cause seeds to germinate slowly or stop growing altogether. The beets may start to sprout side shoots. Sowing and caring for root crops in the open field is shown in Figure 4.

At cultivation of carrots and beets in the open field plants need to be taken care of. First of all, this concerns the loosening of row spacing and fertilizing. Loosening the soil is necessary to eliminate the crust that forms on the surface of the earth after watering or rain. In addition, it helps to eliminate weeds and saturate the roots of plants with moisture.

Top dressings are mainly organic (diluted cow dung or bird droppings), but special mineral supplements for root crops can also be used. It is also recommended to periodically thin out seedlings so that only the strongest plants remain in the garden. Thickened plantings also provoke the development of diseases.

Pumpkin

The most common pumpkin crops in the gardens of our country are pumpkin, cucumbers, zucchini and squash. The main requirements for their cultivation is a sufficient amount of air, sunlight and water (Fig. 5). At the same time, pumpkin is not too demanding on soil fertility, for them it is much greater value has its moisture content.

Rice. 5. Growing pumpkins, cucumbers and zucchini in open ground

Even though cucumbers, zucchini, tomatoes and squash belong to the same class of plants, the requirements for growing them in garden beds are slightly different:

1. Grow pumpkin better in areas previously fertilized with humus or mullein. In order for the seeds to germinate faster, they are recommended to be sown in warm soil, and before the first shoots appear, cover with a film.
2. For squash the earth can be fertilized with minerals, but with proper care the culture brings a good harvest and without additional dressings. Squash can be grown as seedlings, but it is much easier to sow immediately in open ground, as the vegetable is highly resistant to frost.
3. Zucchini- quite unpretentious vegetables that do not require special conditions. But to get a rich harvest, it is recommended to fertilize the soil with organic and mineral additives and observe crop rotation. In addition, zucchini love well-lit areas and frequent watering. You can plant directly into the ground, but for regions with a harsh climate and short summers, the seedling method should be preferred.
4. Cucumbers and their cultivation in open ground e is also quite simple. To do this, it is enough to choose a well-lit area with drained soil. Vegetables are planted directly in open ground, and covered with foil to protect seedlings from frost. Such covering material also prevents the soil from drying out and stops the growth of weeds.

All cucurbits have one general requirement to cultivation: they are very sensitive to lack of moisture, so the beds should be watered regularly (every 3-4 days, provided there is no natural precipitation). Lack of water can lead to a decrease in yield and taste of vegetables.

Peppers and tomatoes

Grow peppers and tomatoes outdoors is possible only with the help of seedlings, since these crops are thermophilic (Fig. 6). The bed is placed in a place well lit and protected from the cold wind. In addition, it is necessary to fertilize the soil with organic and mineral top dressing in the fall.

Rice. 6. Growing seedlings of peppers and tomatoes in open ground

In warm climates, peppers can still be grown without seedlings. To do this, the seeds are sown in prepared soil around the end of May, and covered with a film. After the appearance of the first shoots, the shelter is removed. Tomato seedlings are also transferred to the soil at the end of May. After planting, you need to properly care for the plants, in particular, regularly loosen the soil to remove weeds, fertilize during the flowering and fruiting period, and also provide the crops with a sufficient amount of liquid.

Legumes

The most popular legumes are beans and corn. These are heat-loving plants, for which wind-protected and well-lit areas are selected (Fig. 7).

When growing legumes in open ground it is necessary to strictly observe crop rotation and carry out pre-sowing seed treatment. This will help not only improve the quality and quantity of seedlings, but also strengthen seedlings during the development period.

Rice. 7. Sowing and growing beans and corn

Since both corn and beans are very sensitive to frost, they are planted outdoors after the weather becomes consistently warm. In addition, before planting, it is recommended to germinate the seeds in a damp cloth until small roots appear.

Potato

Potatoes are the most common vegetable in the gardens of our country. This crop is undemanding to the level of soil fertility, but it is still easier to get a rich harvest when a sufficient amount of organic and mineral fertilizers is applied.

Rice. 8. Growing potatoes in the open field

Medium sized tubers are suitable for planting. On the bed, longitudinal rows are made with holes at a distance of 30-40 cm from each other (Fig. 8).

Note: Before planting, the tubers should release small "eyes", which indicate that the first shoots will soon appear.

Throughout the entire growing period, potatoes are weeded and spud several times to remove weeds. If necessary, apply top dressing or use chemicals to control diseases and pests. In general, growing potatoes in the open field is quite simple, and even novice gardeners can handle the cultivation of this vegetable.

Greens

Green crops are divided into salad (intended for fresh consumption) and spinach (used for further processing). Salad greens also include spicy crops (basil, dill, cilantro) that are added to dishes fresh or dried. The green planting scheme is shown in Figure 9.

The most popular greens for fresh consumption is leaf lettuce. It is a cold-resistant crop that grows well in any soil, but it is better to get a bountiful harvest on loose soils.

Note: To keep the lettuce leaves large and juicy, the beds need to be watered regularly.

Rice. 9. Scheme of planting and growing greenery in the open field

Another popular herb is dill, which is also resistant to cold and disease, and does not require careful care. AT wild nature dill grows freely, and often it does not even need to be specially planted, as it is sown on its own in the beds. Dill can be harvested both for greens and for seeds (umbrellas), which are used as a condiment.

Regardless of the type of crop, vegetables require careful care. Key activities include (Figure 10):

• Loosening - using this procedure, the upper crust that covers the ground after rain or watering is broken. Loosening helps to improve the penetration of air and moisture into the deep layers of the soil. In addition, it allows you to remove roots and young weeds.
• Watering - most vegetable crops and greens require regular watering. But the amount and frequency of water application is different. For example, cucumbers and zucchini require more moisture for abundant fruiting, and excessive watering of tomatoes can provoke late blight.
• Top dressing - application of organic and mineral fertilizers to different stages cultivation allows you to accelerate the growth of crops, make flowering more intense or improve the quality of the fruit.
• Hilling - in the process of hilling the bushes are sprinkled with dry earth or peat. This helps retain moisture and prevents weed growth.
• Mulching- this is covering the space around the bushes with a layer of sawdust, straw or a special film. Using mulch helps retain moisture, slow down weed growth, and protect young seedlings from frost.

Rice. 10. Vegetable care: loosening, watering, fertilizing and mulching

In addition, the growing process may require the use of specialty chemicals (herbicides and insecticides) to prevent disease and control pests.

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