What is the roof like. Roof classification: design, types, shapes, elements

When we talk about “types of roofing” and “types of roofs of houses”, we do not always clearly understand the difference between these two concepts. Therefore, before talking about what roofs are, let's find out the differences in the concepts of "roof" and "roof".

The roof (in the traditional sense) is a part of the building structure that provides protection from all types of precipitation, retains heat or protects against overheating. That is, this is the entire upper structure of the structure. For a modern stone building with a flat design, these are floor slabs, heat and waterproofing. Exit, fences, ventilation ducts and their protection, antenna attachment elements, funnels for storm drains are also roof elements. There is no consensus regarding the ownership of the hatch with a lock, which is hung by the ZhES so that they do not climb on the roof. For a house with an inclined (pitched) structure, this concept includes a load-bearing rafter system or farms, insulation, hydro and wind insulation, pipes, weathercocks and roofing.

In fact, from the point of view of Soviet building science, the roof is a pre-revolutionary and illiterate concept, and only the progressive term “covering” should be used. But in life, even professional designers and builders rarely use it. Perhaps due to the possibility of a dual interpretation. In part, the definition of “covering” has taken root in relation to structures with a supporting reinforced concrete or metal base, mainly flat ones. And to call the upper part of St. Basil's Cathedral or the roof of a village hut a “covering” would never occur to any architect, even though they were taught “correctly”.

The roof is only a shell that protects the coating from atmospheric influences. The roof does not perform load-bearing functions. That is, floor slabs, truss system, beams, insulation do not apply to the roof. Often, it includes a load-bearing roof preparation: lathing, flooring, screed. The material laid on the prepared surface: Soviet roofing material and slate, folk Russian-French ondulin, fabulous German tiles and New Russian copper are called roofing.

Flat and pitched designs

Roofs are flat and pitched. In accordance with SNiP, roofs with a slope of up to 12 ° are flat, with a large slope - pitched. On flat roofs, the slope is arranged to remove precipitation, 1.5-3 ° is enough.

The flat roof provides a lot of room for imagination in terms of design.

The pitched roof can be very original.

Attic and non-attic roofs

As the name implies, an attic roof has an attic, a non-attic one does not. The Russian hut, and indeed most types of traditional dwellings of all countries and peoples, have a ventilated attic. With the exception of mobile housing: yurts, tents, wigwams. It's hard to do there. Also, there are no attics among the tribes living in the equatorial jungle, they do not need them. Attics (technical floors) are in modern multi-storey residential buildings. Therefore, if the roof leaks, the tenants will not know about it immediately.

Atticless (synonymous - combined) coatings can be pitched (mansard) and flat. We are familiar with flat combined structures from panel "Khrushchev". The attic device allows you to use the attic as a full-fledged living space. Non-attic and mansard roofs require good thermal insulation of the upper floor. The roof of a one-story building can also be combined.

Combined gable roof one-story house gives the impression of space

Types of flat coverings

In terms of layout, flat roofs are quite similar, differing mainly in design. According to the mutual arrangement of the layers of insulation and waterproofing, in addition to the usual type, inversion roofs are also distinguished, in this case, a hygroscopic (waterproof) insulation is located above the waterproofing layer. As load-bearing structures in flat roofs, prefabricated or monolithic reinforced concrete, metal profiles with metal beams, wooden beams with solid decking can be used.

The structure of the roof of a flat roof over a reinforced concrete slab is multi-layer

The area of ​​flat roofs can be used by laying a covering that can be walked on: ceramic or paving slabs, boardwalk, or by arranging a lawn on the roof.

In New York, a program has been adopted to turn the roofs of public buildings into gardens and lawns.

In fact, arranging a lawn on the roof of a house is not as difficult as you might think. Perhaps the only thing that is relatively expensive is a waterproofing polymer membrane. Everything else is quite simple, and grass care is standard: it needs to be mowed and watered in a drought. A layer of earth additionally protects the premises from cold in winter and from overheating in summer.

The design of the lawn on the roof is quite simple. It is necessary to use reliable waterproofing - a roofing polymer membrane

Pitched construction details

Before talking about what roof shapes are, let's define the main details pitched roofs and terms. Main elements: ridge, inclined rib, valley (groove). Overhangs are divided into cornice (lower) and gable (end or gable). For most types of roofing, in addition to the base material, there are separate additional elements for protecting and decorating roof details.

The main elements of pitched roofs are standard.

Consider what are the roofs of houses, depending on the configuration. The forms of pitched roofs are very diverse. More often, the most simple in design and rational single-pitched, gable and hip types and roof structures are used.

The first eight types shown in the illustration are available to a private developer of average income. The rest are quite complex and expensive to implement.

Consider the individual types of roofs and their properties in more detail.

Shed cover

A roof with one slope is as simple as possible structurally, has a minimum number of parts. There is no ridge, for non-ventilated roofing (eg flexible tiles, seam roofing) there is no need for special ventilation elements. It is enough to provide a ventilation layer above the insulation, and ventilation holes can be placed in the filing. shed roof does not have valleys, ribs and ridges, which are most exposed to atmospheric influences. The maximum wear of roofing in cold climates occurs in the valley, as snow and ice lie there longer. A simple roof with a slope in one direction is exposed to uniform rainfall, ultraviolet radiation and wind. The snow load is also distributed evenly. Ceteris paribus, a shed roof will last a little longer. And it will cost less: the truss system is simpler, the minimum number of not always cheap additional elements.

Russian project of a typical house with a shed roof. A high slope with living rooms should be oriented to the sunny side

Shed roofs are quite popular in developed countries. More often they are used for inexpensive, or, conversely, prestigious housing. For a house with an attic, one slope allows you to rationally organize the layout, bringing living quarters under a high slope, and stairs, bathrooms, and wardrobes under a low slope. In a premium-class dwelling, such a roof makes it possible to create magnificent interior.

To build this country house simple materials were used: wood, galvanized metal profile and a lot of glass. Large roof overhangs protect the walls from precipitation, and the premises from overheating. Athermal stained glass windows fill the house with light, open up the landscape and protect people from the cold

The roof with one barrel-shaped slope looks quite interesting.

Gable design

The most common form in the world. A gable (gable) roof is traditional in almost all countries where at least some precipitation occurs. It is not much more difficult to build a supporting structure for two slopes than for one. It is very durable, especially if it is possible to build a closed truss system using a puff.

The tightening (2) tightens the rafter legs (1). From the closed triangular contour, only the vertical load is transferred to the Mauerlat (3) and the wall.

For large spans, additional supports must be used.

The gable roof is simple in execution, economical in materials, it is not difficult to build it yourself. Gables serve as a better place than slopes for placing windows; it is easy to equip an attic.

The gable roof fits perfectly into the design frame house, allows you to rationally use the space of the upper floor

The slopes do not have to have the same slope; the shape of the roof may be asymmetrical. The slope of the roof is determined mainly by the layout of the second floor.

The peaked roofs of the half-timbered houses traditionally concealed attics, where the inhabitants stored part of the supplies. In this reconstructed house, the attic is adapted for living quarters.

The Swiss chalet has a gable roof with a slight slope.

The minimal slope and open space of the upper floor create a wonderful, spacious interior.

A gable roof can have many options. With a house plan more complex than a simple rectangle, more complex roof shapes are inevitable.

Gable roof with additional gable. With a stretch, it can be called multi-forceps

A gable (as, indeed, a shed) roof is perfect for landscaping.

Green roof slope must not exceed 25°

hip view

A hipped or hipped roof is more complicated than a gable roof. Both the rafter system and the roofing will cost more. But you do not have to build masonry gables. With an inexpensive roofing (asbestos slate, ondulin), a hip roof, taking into account the absence of gables, will cost less than a gable roof. At more expensive - hardly. Of the positive properties of the hip structure, one can name the optimal aerodynamic resistance of such a structure, which in general can increase its service life (slightly). The slopes on all sides of the house allow you to make large canopies around the perimeter of the entire structure, providing the walls with the best protection from precipitation. But in the organization of the attic space, the hipped roof loses.

Simple four-pitched attic roof

There are varieties of hip roofs: semi-hip ( intermediate type roofs between gable and hip), hip with a visor or their varieties.

The main part of the roof of a rather complex shape is half-hip. On the right, a bay window with a multi-pitched roof is attached, a pediment is arranged.

The windows in the hip roof have to be built into the slopes, into the roofing. This complicates their construction and operation and is often more expensive than placing a window in a pediment.

Skylights of this type are called "bull's eye"

Multi-slope variety

A hipped roof is called a hipped roof. But if the house does not have four outer corners, but more, there will also be more slopes. A roof with more than four slopes is called a multi-pitched roof.

Multi-pitched roof is difficult to install

A hipped roof is called a hipped roof, all the faces (slopes) and edges of which converge at one upper point. Such a roof does not have a horizontal ridge.

Shed roof. Three types of skylights are placed on it at once

Mansard construction

Mansard roofs are called roofs of various shapes and types, which are united by one common feature: the shape of the slope is broken in order to increase the height of the attic rooms. Thus, it is possible to avoid the installation of sloping ceilings, to arrange full-fledged rooms at the top. The broken contour of the rafters can be used for any type of roof: gable, hip, semi-hip and so on.

The truss construction of a gable mansard roof was assembled.

The design of the mansard roof allows you to connect the upper and lower beams (puff), racks, rafters into a single truss, which provides it with extreme strength and allows you to somewhat reduce the cross section of the frame elements.

The load from the mansard roof truss is transferred vertically

Mounting the load-bearing structures of mansard roofs is more difficult than for prototypes with a straight slope. Slightly larger roof area. Accordingly, the cost is higher. However, these costs are paid off by increasing the area of ​​\u200b\u200bnormal height on the attic floor.

Mansard roof based on a gable roof. Additional fractures in the eaves area allow creating large overhangs, making the roof vaguely reminiscent of Chinese pagodas

Pleasant to the eye hip mansard roof. Slopes divided into different volumes, the lower part has a curvilinear shape

Roofs of complex shape

All kinds of domed, conical and closed roofs are complex in execution and were invented by architects to decorate important public buildings. After the period of "crimson jackets" and "locks on the ruble" complex roofs in the architecture of individual residential buildings are found infrequently.

Residential building with a complex domed roof

Sometimes complex roofs are made up of known elements and are "hybrids" different types.

This roof combines the features of a gable, hip, semi-hip, pyramidal and conical roofs.

But people tend to decorate their home, make it unusual. Sometimes there are "hybrid" types of roofs, which are difficult to unambiguously define.

The natural slate roof is definitely not flat. Germany

Simple in form, but unusual roof. To be more precise, this house has two of them, downstairs and upstairs.

The roof of this "dugout" would have been designed for sledding in winter, if palm trees were not reflected in the windows. And what type is it?

The choice of roofing material for a pitched roof

Types of roofing are determined by the material of the roofing. The roof can be tiled, metal, shingled, copper and so on. The choice of roofing is primarily determined by the financial capabilities of the developer, the aesthetic tastes of the spouse and himself, and secondly by the shape of the roof and its slope. Roofs of curved shapes are covered with small-piece or flexible coatings, sheet materials are more suitable for simple shed and gable roofs. In the presence of fractures (inclined ribs, valleys), cutting sheets is less rational.

The table shows the minimum roof slopes for different types of roofing.

for roofs simple forms You can use any roofing materials without restrictions. Roofs of complex curvilinear shape can only be decorated with small-piece (natural tiles, slate slate, shingles, shingles), flexible (bituminous tiles) coating. A roof made of galvanized steel, copper, steel with a titanium-zinc coating is also suitable, provided that the elements are individually cut and the fold is made on site.

So, we found out what types of roofs are. What to choose for yourself? First of all, the roof must fit the budget. How harder form, topics more money have to spend. Any builder will cope with a gable roof. In Germany, there are 80 percent of such roofs. And why are we worse? If you have the funds, you can think of something more original, but simple things can be done beautifully.

In modern private construction, there are a great many varieties of roofs of houses, and in our material we will talk about their most popular options. Such important roof structures can be divided depending on the shape, design features and what materials were used in its construction.

Tilt angle

First, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with what the forms of the roof are. Depending on the angle of inclination, two main categories of structures can be defined:

1. Flat, with an angle of inclination not exceeding 3 degrees relative to the horizon. Since their maintenance is very difficult, and precipitation stagnates in them, such options are quite rare. On the positive side, inexpensive installation and a small amount of consumables can be noted here. On this design, you can equip a terrace under open sky, which can also be attributed to the benefits.
2. Pitched, with an angle of inclination of 10 degrees or more. Such samples are easy to use, and therefore their popularity is very high. There is no accumulation of precipitation, and water is perfectly discharged through storm drains.

Roofs with pitched surfaces, in turn, are divided into subcategories:

• lean-to;
• gable steep;
• gable gentle;
• gable attic with a broken configuration;
• four-slope semi-hip;
• four-pitched hipped roofs;
• four-slope hip.

The most convenient in the implementation include single-pitched roof structures, the surface slope of which is from 4 to 6 degrees. It makes sense to install them on garages, sheds and other outbuildings.

If you need to build an attic, give preference to a mansard roof, which can consist of two slopes and have a broken contour configuration. Hip samples are practical, they adequately withstand the wind load, but their installation cannot be called simple.

It will require materials in large quantities, and you can not do without a professional installation team. When choosing roof types, be sure to consider all factors, and do not limit yourself solely to information about the service life and cost of the project.

In order for the design to please the eye and be a real decoration of the house, it is necessary to pay special attention to its design.

Popular types of roofs of private houses and their characteristics

Of course, the popularity of this or that type of roofing is explained by the ease of installation, saving money and time, the climatic features of the region and the personal preferences of the owners. Let's move on to a detailed review of the options presented in modern construction.

gable

This type is the most popular and has been built in our country since ancient times. Another name for a structure with two slopes, which rest on walls of the same height, is a “gable roof”. Installation here is more complicated than that of a single-slope version, but the facing materials here can be completely different, which allows you to satisfy any design requirements of the developer.

Hip

In this case, we are dealing with four slopes, the shape of two of which repeats the trapezoid, and the remaining two are made in the form of triangles. The name of the design comes from the word "hips" (frontal triangular slopes).

During the installation process, beams are installed here using a double tightening and drains are necessarily mounted at an angle of 45 degrees on each slope. The construction of such structures requires additional efforts and skills, because the construction of the truss system in this case is quite complicated.

Half hip

This is one of the options for hip roofs, with the only difference being that a truncated triangular slope is formed here, and it is installed higher than its trapezoidal counterparts. Of the shortcomings, it is fashionable to note only additional costs for materials, because you will have to finish those sections of the planes that are adjacent to the roof ribs. Such structures are well used in regions with a windy climate.

Attic (broken lines)

Another type of gable samples, characterized by broken slopes, which allows you to significantly increase the attic space, called the attic. Pentagonal pediments leave no one indifferent, and their construction will not cause any particular difficulties for experienced craftsmen. The only thing you will have to face is to buy materials for warming the living space and install them, thereby increasing the energy efficiency of the house, which is not required in the case of an ordinary attic that is not intended for living.

On average, the cost of building a roof is about 20% of the total construction costs, but we can make the most of the usable building area and get two-storey house with virtually the same level.

flat

Forgotten for a while, these types of roofs of houses are gradually returning to construction thanks to unusual design solutions modern architects. Flat roofs allow you to build a flower garden, tennis court or outdoor mini pool, especially if your home is located in a region with a warm climate. They can be improved with removable canopies made of glass or other materials that will reliably protect the recreation area from precipitation and pollution. The transparent dome will provide the space with natural light, and lighting fixtures will help out in the evening. Here you can also install solar panels and water heating elements, if you, of course, need them.

Of the advantages, I would especially like to note the affordable costs for materials and installation work. Do not forget about a high-quality storm system, with the help of which all precipitation will leave the roof without a trace, besides, the flat surface still has a slope, although it is invisible at first glance. As for the shortcomings, there may be problems with thermal insulation, and here we are primarily talking about heating the plane in the summer heat, but you can fight the cold in the same way as in the case of a mansard roof.

If the structure of the roof with slopes has its own heat exchanger in the form of an attic, then flat options they cannot boast of such a feature, therefore, in case of urgent need, they will have to separately resort to its construction.

The main rule here is to create ventilation between the ceiling of the living space and the roof, no matter what shape it will be.

It is possible to equip both a ventilated attic and ventilation ducts that will hide the roof truss and cladding materials.

Less popular roof types

In addition to the most common roof structures, there are other options that can also be found in private construction, albeit less frequently. Their shape is somewhat different from those specimens that we considered above, but from this they can be no less beautiful. It is necessary to approach the creation of such samples seriously, because their implementation may be feasible only for professionals.

Shed

A distinctive feature of this type of construction is the rafter system, which rests on walls of different levels, due to which a slope is formed. Such structures are easy to build, and any, even the most inexpensive materials, are suitable for their cladding.

As for practicality, it is obvious, because precipitation does not linger here, so you don’t have to worry about maintaining such a building. The disadvantage is also significant - you will not be able to equip the attic or attic, and perhaps that is why today it is rare to find shed specimens on new houses.

Shatrovaya

The shape of such a roof is made in the form of four symmetrically arranged triangles along each wall of the building, which form a kind of tent. It has an unusual chic look, but it is very difficult to build it because of the overly sophisticated truss system.

Multi-forceps

It has another name - valley, and is characterized by one of the most complex truss systems. A lot of external and internal corners at the junctions of two slopes are not easy to install, besides, the valleys provoke the accumulation of snow and rainwater, which can lead to leaks.

Multi-gable designs can be afforded by wealthy people who build polygonal houses with large quantity outbuildings and attics.

Dome

Such types of roofs only in rare cases cover the entire area of ​​​​the building and are mainly installed above its part. To mount the frame, you will need flexible elements, and as decorative coating suitable flexible or soft lining. As a rule, dome solutions are preferred by lovers of antiquity, oriental style, ancient castles and everything unusual, transferring it to your home.

spherical

Recently, spherical roofs are slowly gaining popularity among our compatriots, although this rarely applies to residential buildings. They cover gazebos, sports grounds, church buildings, so that we can observe these types of construction almost every day.

Green

The point here is not the color of the decorative coating, as it might seem at first glance. As a cladding, if you can call it that, we are dealing with natural soil, in which plants are planted that serve as a real decoration for such an exotic design. Here you can note all the positive qualities of flat samples, improved by a special ventilation system. Thanks to this laying, the roots of bushes and trees are limited in growth, they always have enough moisture for irrigation, and besides, conditions are created here for healthy aeration of the roots of green spaces.

The undoubted advantage is the uniqueness of the open greenhouse, because it is very rare to meet such green living structures, if possible. Looking at the rapid development of new technologies and the popularity of environmental projects, it is not difficult to predict that soon such plantings on the tops of houses will become much more widespread. Do you want to stand out from your neighbors and are not afraid to face the need for careful care of plants in the open air? Then green roof will suit you and you will be able to enjoy its beauty.

Decorative cladding: what to choose?

In addition to personal preferences and financial capabilities, in this matter, you need to take into account design features that can both limit your choice and allow you to expand it. To date, the following materials are most common:

• metal tile;
• bituminous tiles;
• ceramic tiles;
• slate;
• sandwich panels.

All these roofing materials differ from each other in technical specifications, composition and design, and are also installed on the surface of the structure using different technologies, so before choosing, you should carefully read their description, manufacturer's recommendations and warnings. If you carefully approach this issue and study all the subtleties and nuances of the roof structure, you can create reliable protection and at the same time decoration for your home.

When building a house great importance for the aesthetic perception of the building and protection from unpleasant weather conditions has such important detail the whole structure, like a roof. A variety of types of roofing, depending on the form - factor, type, size, as well as design features require appropriate building materials and complex calculations of loads on various elements of the roof structure.

To answer the question, what are the forms of the roof, consider some of them. Depending on the angle of inclination, roofs are distinguished into two main categories:

Flat roof

Flat roofs - the angle of inclination for such roofs is usually 2 - 3 degrees, if we correlate this angle with the horizon. The use of such roofs in the construction of private houses can be found very rarely. This is due to the fact that maintenance of roofs of this form becomes problematic. During rainy periods, water stagnates on the roof, and in winter time the accumulated snow will need to be removed independently.

Apparently, due to these reasons, these types of roofs in private construction are not widespread, although they may have some positive aspects. When erecting this type of roof, you can significantly save on building materials, and use the resulting additional area to good use by arranging a recreation area for your loved ones and guests or a small beautiful garden.

Pitched roofs - these types of roofs are very practical to use, usually the angle of inclination for such roofs can start from 10 degrees or more. In the winter season and during rainy seasons, precipitation does not accumulate on it, snow or rainwater calmly leaves along the slopes through the drainage systems. It is for this reason that the use of pitched roofs has gained such popularity in private construction.

What are the roofs of houses with pitched surfaces? To answer this question, consider some types of roofing of this type:

• lean-to;
• steep gable;
• gentle gable;
• broken (attic) gable;
• half-hip four-slope;
• tent four-slope;
• hip four-slope.

One of the most convenient in construction are shed roofs, in which the slope is no more than 4 - 6 degrees. Such roofs are mainly erected in garages, sheds and other outbuildings. It is quite easy to carry out the installation of shed roofs, but they are still rarely found in a country or cottage construction residential buildings, mainly this type of roof is used for outbuildings.

If it becomes necessary to use an attic space, then a mansard roof is built, which can be gable and have broken lines of the roof contour. The hip roof is very practical to use; these types of roofs cope well with various types of loads, including wind ones. But this type of roof is not as easy to install as the previous ones. Much more building materials are spent on its construction and a competent team of professionals is required so that everything is done very accurately and correctly. Next, we will take a closer look at the different types and designs of roofs.

When choosing a roof and its type, all factors must be taken into account. Don't just look at life characteristics or other practical considerations, but also consider how your roof will look and shape in terms of aesthetics and artistic value.

For example, a mansard roof not only looks aesthetically beautiful due to its broken shape, but it is also very practical to use. If there is a heavy snowfall, then the snow masses will not linger on such a roof.

What are the types of roofs? Let's look at them in more detail.

The most popular types of roofs of houses today

The popularity of a particular type of roof is often explained either by the ease of its creation, or by an economic factor, or by the climatic conditions of the area. We will briefly talk about what roofs are and why they are so good and popular today.

Gable roof

It is not at all surprising that this particular type of roof comes first. Even in ancient times, our ancestors built houses, namely, with gable roofs, and only then Western trends came to Russia, such as mansard or domed roofs, as well as hip roofs.

This is one of the most popular and comfortable roofs for private houses. A roof with two slopes resting on walls of the same height and forming a space in the form of a triangle (gables) is sometimes called a "gabled roof". The installation of such a roof is much more complicated than the construction of a pitched roof, but the choice of roofing material for it is simplified. It is not inferior to it in functional characteristics: it also easily copes with snow, rain, and wind. In terms of design, a gable roof looks much better than a shed roof.

hip roof

Hip roofs already have 4 slopes, of which two are trapezoidal, and two are triangular.
This type of roof got its name from the word "hips", which means triangular slopes, which are located on the front side. During the construction of such a roof, beams and double tightening are used. In addition, the mandatory equipment of drains for each slope follows, the slope of which is usually made up to 45 degrees. Only a sufficiently steep slope will be able to divert both water and snow, as well as withstand strong gusty winds. The construction of hip roofs requires a lot of labor, as a rather complex truss system is used.

Half hip roof

Half-hip roofs are another type of hip roofs, which differs from the hip roof in that it has a truncated triangular slope, usually located higher than trapezoidal slopes. Its only drawback is the high consumption of material for covering those sections of the roof that are adjacent to the roof ribs.

Mansard roof or broken

Also applies to gable roofs with broken lines of slopes. Such kinks increase the area and volume of the attic, which is commonly called the attic. The pentagonal shape of the gables of the mansard roofs attracts the eye of almost all passers-by. To build such a roof is not very difficult. However, during construction, you are unlikely to do without the insulation of your attic.

The cost of a roof is approximately 15 to 20% of the total cost of building an entire house. Creating an attic under the roof is the most economical option obtaining additional premises. Therefore, it is very appropriate to slightly increase the cost of the attic, which will give you another full floor. And there you can arrange summer bedrooms and lounges for young family members and guests.

But why does an attic increase costs compared to building a simple attic? This is due, of course, to the need for roof insulation, living quarters require this. Additional injections will be required, and due to the inevitable complication of the roof structure with an attic, there cannot be struts and stretch marks that would be located in the living rooms themselves. For these purposes, they came up with such a shape of the roof (in the form of an attic) with braces and racks above the ceiling of residential premises.

The presence of an attic floor makes it necessary to place a layer of thermal insulation under the roof, and therefore a multi-layer roof appears. Thermal insulation material with inner sheathing, they are usually attached to the rafters (to the inside), and on the outside they mount the crate and lay the direct roofing. In this case, it is necessary to strengthen the truss structures due to the multi-layer roof. This can be done by increasing the number of rafters, while reducing the distance between them. A successful solution to this problem can be considered the use of metal truss structures.

One of the important positive aspects of the mansard roof can be considered that the arrangement of the attic can be done later, since the space of the resulting attic will no longer require major complex work.

If you have a desire to save money, but at the same time build a two-story mansion, then we recommend that you take a closer look at the mansard type of roof. This is a great option!

Flat roof

Previously, in private housing construction, flat roofs were not popular. But recently, interest in flat roofs has grown again and is in the field of view of modern architects and designers. Flat roofs have unique features due to their flat surface. On such a roof, you can break a flower garden, arrange sports ground or a small pool. This solution is especially suitable for areas with a warm climate. Although in middle lane Russia can use this version of the roof if you use a special system of removable canopies. They will be able to protect the desired part or all flat roof from annoying rainfall.

There are many most different types similar canopies, but transparent glass structures are especially attractive. They provide additional light to the upper rooms of your house, you can use special lights for evening lighting. And here you can find a great place for solar panels and water heaters, if needed.

The advantages of flat roofs include low construction costs, as the cost decreases due to the reduction in the total roof area and the absence of complex rafter structures.

Many do not dare to build such roofs, fearing problems with drainage. But you should not be afraid of this, the installation of drainage systems from a flat roof is no more difficult to perform than the creation of a storm sewer. And the roof itself should have a slight, barely noticeable slope, so that the water that appears can flow to the drains. Drainage systems are usually organized outside and inside the house.

Many people find it convenient to combine storm drains with the internal sewers of a building, but do not forget to take into account the level of rainfall in your area.

The disadvantages of a flat roof include a problem with thermal insulation. It can be difficult to cope with the strong heating of residential premises in the hot season, but it is not difficult to create a cold protection system (as in the version of the mansard roof).

If in a pitched roof the "heat exchanger" is an attic, then in a house with a flat roof it is necessary to create it in a special way. Most importantly, know that between the ceiling of the living rooms and the roof of the roof there must be ventilation, in whatever form you like. Create a small ventilated attic or special ventilation ducts that are best placed under the roofing material.

Less popular, but no less interesting types of roofs of houses

In this section, we will consider what types of roofs are still, in addition to the most popular and widely known among the population of our country. This group represents the types and designs of roofs of unusual and beautiful forms, but requiring practical skills to create them. What are the shapes of the roof original designs and where they can be used, we will briefly present further in the text.

shed roof

Feature this type of roof is that it has a truss system that rests on the walls different heights, and since one wall is slightly higher than the other, due to this, a slope is formed. Such roofs are quite easy to erect, and to cover them, you can use inexpensive and reliable materials, such as ondulin, slate, roofing material. The convenience of such roofs is obvious, precipitation does not accumulate on them, flowing smoothly in the direction of the slope. Therefore, it is quite clear to understand where it is necessary to install drains for water, providing the building with reliable dryness.

The truth and the flaws are obvious. One of the most important is that the room will be without an attic. Today, it is very rare to see private houses that would have a pitched roof.

hipped roof

Usually it has four slopes of identical triangles that converge to one upper point. If you like houses in the form of an equilateral polygon (for example, a square), then you will be helped out hipped roof, which looks like a tent and looks great. However, it is not easy to mount such a roof, it has a very complex truss system.

Multi-gable roof

A standard roof of this type (also called a valley roof) has a very complex structure: a large number of external ribs and valleys (internal corners) at the junction of the slopes. When erecting such a roof, be sure to contact specialists with experience in its installation. A multi-gable roof is used for the construction of polygonal houses, which have many different outbuildings and side attics.

dome roof

Dome-shaped roofs usually cover only part of the building, rarely the entire structure. During its construction, a frame of curved elements is used, and is used to cover the roof as soft materials(stekloizol, roofing material, bituminous tiles), and flexible (galvanized steel or plastic tiles). Some lovers of the old and unique style even today decorate their “castles” with domed roofs of various sizes.

spherical roof

The construction of a spherical roof is becoming a little more popular in recent times. Arbors are usually placed under this type of roof, as well as other types of buildings (stadiums, cathedrals and churches), which also have a roof or a domed type. Therefore, it cannot be said that this type of roof has no application at all.
But still, it loses very significantly to such types of roofing as a gable roof, or a mansard.

green roof

At the green roof, natural soil and planted greenery are used as roofing, while plants grow on the same well-groomed

soil. Everyone is present at the green roof positive properties flat roofs, but when creating

eliminate its main drawback (difficulty with ventilation) with the help of a special ventilation gasket. This gasket not only limits the growth of plant roots, but also allows you to save the water necessary for the life of green spaces. In addition, which is also important, it also serves to aerate the root system of the green lawn.

It can also be considered a plus that a green roof is a very unique phenomenon for almost any area in our country. The popularity of flat roofs will undoubtedly grow from year to year along with the development the latest technologies in this direction. If you have a desire to be the owner of a house with a "fashionable" roof, then create your dream with a beautiful comfortable flat green roof.

Types of roofing in terms of coating materials

Having decided on the type of roof - mansard, gable, and perhaps domed, it is necessary to select the appropriate materials that are best suited for each type. What are the roofs, and what material they are covered with - we will try to answer these questions in this section.

Common today are the five most applicable types of roofing in construction - rolled, from materials based on various mastics, typesetting (sheet), and membrane. Let's consider them in more detail.

Roll roofs

To make this type of roofing, special bituminous and polymeric materials are used, in which the base is cardboard, fiberglass. In the process of manufacturing such materials, special modifiers are added, which then give the entire material water resistance, heat resistance, and other beneficial features. It can also be noted that these additives protect the material from cracks, which of course has a positive effect on their service life.

When installing such a roof, the roll is unwound and laid in several layers, usually from 3 to 4. But they are not just laid, but glued together with mastic or melted onto each other.

This type of roofing would be versatile, easy to install, very inexpensive, but it has some drawbacks. This material does not have a very attractive appearance, this material can be prone to decay. Therefore, often such roofing material is most often used to cover sheds or other utility rooms, which are usually made with a shed roof.

Membrane roofs

This type of roof covering has a very high resistance to punctures or various types of stretching. Membrane coatings are used for laying on roofs with slight slopes. You can cover the roof with this material quite quickly. And excellent protective properties will allow you to keep the roof in its original form for a long time.

Roofing from sheet roofing materials

This type of roofing includes more modern types, such as metal tiles, artificial slate, made of bitumen and corrugated cardboard sheets.

• Artificial slate can be found on many roofs, it is a sheet of asbestos cement, has a wave shape that can be painted in a variety of colors. The paint, of course, is very adorning, this type of coating, the material acquires a beautiful appearance. good performance with temperature changes, they can also speak in favor of this coating. And the service time is quite long and can be up to 40 years.
• Metal tile is a very popular material today, it can be seen on various types and forms of roofs, whether it be a hip roof, or a mansard. These are galvanized sheets that have a special decorating polymer coating and this coating reliably protects the roof from most types of adverse weather conditions.
• Bitumen-cardboard sheets - made from pressed cardboard, which is impregnated with bitumen. The thicker the outer layer, the longer it will last. this species coatings. Such sheets were also included in the "people" under the name "Euroslate". Its main advantages are ease of working with this material, fairly good elasticity. But in terms of service life, this material loses to the rest. Euroslate "lives" on average 30 years.

Roofs from piece roofing materials

Main and main representative piece material, you can safely call ceramic tiles. This material is still very popular, although it has already “knocked” several thousand years. Until now, it can be seen on all forms and types of roofs. Performance characteristics this material is very high. Ceramic tile does not require constant maintenance, meets environmental characteristics, is a soundproof coating. And also has the ability not to accumulate static stress, as in other materials.

Well, the most important feature of this material is its unique durability. In one of the Western countries there is even an ancient castle, which is many hundreds of years old, and it still stands under a tiled roof, safe and sound.

They say that the disadvantage of ceramic tiles can be called high weight. But on the other hand, it is this quality that allows a roof with such a coating to successfully withstand heavy snow and wind.

To date, ceramic products are gradually being replaced by similar ones from concrete and various mixtures of cement and sand, which are included in the final product. Such analogues may be easier for laying work, but they significantly reduce the life of the material.

Let us briefly mention such a type of material as flexible tiles. It is made of fiberglass, and sometimes cellulose or asbestos cardboard is also used. Inner side covered with a layer of self-adhesive rubber bitumen, and the front part consists of fine mineral chips. The weight of this cover is very small. And the most important advantage is that it can be easily quickly replaced without resorting to dismantling the entire coating.

Roof made of sandwich panels

It is impossible not to mention such material as sandwich panels. It arose with the recent rapid development of "rapid building" technology. They are made of 2 sheets of steel, as well as one layer of insulation. The panels have very good strength characteristics and, according to manufacturers, can even compete with other materials in terms of resistance to temperature changes, ranging from -50 to +50.

Such panels will look good on roofs of various types and types, but mainly they are used in the field of office construction of buildings, retail space, hangars. If desired, such panels can be safely painted in any color, which, of course, improves the aesthetic appearance of buildings made of this material.

Basically, such panels, due to their modularity, have proven themselves in the construction of sheds, utility rooms for household equipment, but you can also find houses made according to this sandwich panel fashion that came to us from the west.

With the help of sandwich panels, it is quite easy to erect the roof of a building, while inside the room it will be comfortable and warm in winter period and in the summer it will be pleasantly cool. The disadvantages of this material, perhaps, include only a relatively short service life, only 30 years.

When gathering and preparing for the construction of a roof, it is necessary to think through everything to the smallest detail, types and structures of the roof, design and high-quality protection, with or without an attic. And of course, it is necessary to decide on the choice of suitable materials so that the appearance of the roof pleases the soul and eyes!

So, it has long been known that each house can give much more information about its owner than he will tell about himself. The walls of the house, and especially its roof, will tell not only about prosperity, but also about the tastes of its owners. Keep this in mind when choosing a beautiful, comfortable, and most importantly, suitable roof for your future home.

As you know, there is no house without a roof. It is the shape of the roof and its covering that give the building a complete image, crown it, decorate it. The main purpose of the roof is to protect the building from rain, hail, snow, solar radiation. Therefore, the roof of the house should not only be beautiful, but also, first of all, a durable, reliable and practical construction.

The importance of proper construction

When erecting any structure, even the simplest, it is imperative to know and strictly follow certain construction rules. So, all the standards relating to the design and construction of the roof are spelled out in the document "SP 17.13330.2011", which is the current updated version of another document "SNiP II-26-76". The requirements contained in these rules are valid throughout the territory of our country and apply to the construction of roofs of all possible compositions in buildings of various purposes. The document contains a list of permitted roofing materials and requirements for them.

The possibility of using other compositions for roofing must be confirmed in accordance with the procedure established by law.

These requirements must be strictly followed not only when building a new house, but also when reconstructing or overhaul roofs of buildings with roofing from these materials. In addition to complying with construction standards, it is necessary that all materials used, literally to every nail, comply with GOST. Only in this case, the erected roof will be reliable, and living in the house will be safe.

Description

The roof is such a final link of the roof, its finishing coating, which performs protective and aesthetic functions. The roof must be waterproof, lightweight, durable, inexpensive to maintain, and meet fire safety requirements.

When choosing a roof covering, consider factors such as:

• roof shape;
• features of the truss system;
• roof pitch,
• climatic conditions.

Classification

How the roof of the building will look externally is determined even before the start of all work.

All types of roofs can be combined into two groups, taking into account the slope and the number of side planes, called slopes:

• flat roofs;
• roofs with one or more slopes.

A flat roof is a rectangular, flat area with a slope of no more than three degrees. This type of roof in modern housing construction is used only when it is planned to be used additionally. For example, to equip a recreation area, a swimming pool, a helipad. In small private houses, the use of this form is impractical, since stagnation of rain and melt water can occur on it, and there is no need to talk about its great reliability and durability.

Undoubtedly, pitched roofs are more practical, although they are more costly and difficult to build. The advantages include the fact that the main enemy of the roof - water easily flows down the slopes of the roof, without lingering and without causing harm.

Depending on device features roofing system, pitched roofs come with either an attic or an attic. An attic is a room organized directly under the roof and suitable for habitation. The attic differs from the second floor with low walls (no more than 1.5 m). The existing varieties of pitched roofs are divided into types depending on the design features.

Pitched roofs are as follows:

• lean-to;
• gable;
• hip;
• half hip;
• tent;

• multi-forceps;
• broken lines;
• domed;
• conical;
• combined.

The most inexpensive and simple single-slope design in the device. Such roofs are found on sheds, garages and other outbuildings. A shed roof has a flat roof supported by walls of varying heights. It is due to the different heights of the support that the slope is obtained. The disadvantage of this design is the absence of at least some attic space, and the appearance of such a roof is not pleasing to the eye.

The form of a gable roof has come down to us from time immemorial and is perhaps the most common and familiar roof for one-story house especially in rural areas. There is only one explanation for this - practicality. The slopes can be located both symmetrically and at different angles of inclination, be equal in length and not quite. This shape of the roof makes it easy to create an attic or attic under it.

The design has two slopes, united on the end sides by gables, and on top with a “ridge”, which strengthens and protects the roof seam formed at the junction of the slopes.

Gables are mandatory and very important elements of a gable roof. They close the space between the slopes, thereby protecting the attic from the effects of wind and precipitation. The slopes of the roof rest on the gables, due to which the load on the walls of the building is redistributed. Finally, due to its location, the pediment can be an attic wall.

The hip roof is obtained from a gable structure by replacing the gables with two more slopes having the shape of a triangle. The slopes in this case are called hips, hence the name of the entire roof. At the top of one of the hips is a hatch called dormer window. In fact, a hip roof is a hipped structure, difficult to build, but very resistant to natural disasters, such as hurricane winds or heavy rain.

If the pediments of a gable roof are given a trapezoidal shape, and the upper part of the pediment is covered with a small triangular slope, or, conversely, the lower part is covered with a slope, and the top of the pediment is made triangular, then a semi-hinged roof will be obtained. In terms of design, a building with a similar roof takes on an interesting appearance.

The hipped shape is also a variation hip roof. There can be three or more sectors (hips) depending on the shape of the support. There is no ridge, and the hips converge at one point with amazingly perfect accuracy, forming a tent over the building. Buildings with complex, polygonal shapes are covered with a multi-gable roof.

The design of such a roof is complex, but nevertheless it makes it possible to create structures that are unique in appearance.

The sloping type of roof is often called a mansard roof. This is a cost-effective design, as it allows you to organize additional living space.

Domed, as well as conical roof shapes, are rare in the construction of private residential premises in our time. The use of this form implies a round structure under the roof. Often such roofs cover not the whole building, but its individual parts. For example, a terrace oval shape or any decorative elements: towers, rotundas.

Combined roofs have the most complex design. Essentially, they are combinations various types roofs, which gives a lot of room for design ideas. Such structures are difficult to build, not easy to maintain. However, it is the combined roofs that can increasingly be found on modern cottages.

All coverage options

In modern construction of private residential buildings, the following types of roofing materials are used:

• roll;
• mastic;
• membrane;
• leafy;
• piece or set.

Rolled coatings include roofing felt and roofing felt known to all. These coatings are made from polymeric and bituminous materials. As a reinforcing base, layers of cardboard, fiberglass or polyester are used. Such a coating can be used for roofing both on flat and pitched roofs.

A feature of the application is a continuous crate of wooden rafters. Glued plywood panels turned upside down can be used as solid flooring. The slope of the roof should be 10-30 degrees. Roofing material is attached to the flooring in a hot way: the roll is heated and rolled out on the roof with a roller. For reliability, the material is laid in several layers. Moreover, if a flat roof is covered, having wooden floor, then for the purposes of fire safety, the first layer is nailed, and the next one is already welded.

Repairing such a roof is simple: the old coating is cleaned of dirt and a new layer is laid on top.

Roll materials also include such modern roofing as bituminous tiles. This is fiberglass with bituminous impregnation. One of its sides has an adhesive surface, and on the other hand, the canvas is covered with multi-colored mineral chips. The panel is easily bent, therefore it is able to easily, without much effort, take the shape of the surface. Due to this property, shingles are increasingly being used for roofing on non-standard roofs.

Roll coatings have their advantages and disadvantages.

The benefits include the following:

• high sound insulation;
• thermal insulation;
• frost resistance;
• small mass;
• no corrosion.

The main disadvantages are that:

• the coating may tear, crack;
• roofing material and roofing felt are subject to decay over time;
• the material is flammable;
• under influence sun rays coating fades.

Mastic roofing is used only on flat roofs due to the fact that it is a bulk material. It is easy to install. On a pre-prepared, dried base, covered, for example, with fiberglass, several layers of mastic are applied. It is used in the construction of large residential and industrial buildings.

The disadvantage is the difficulty of obtaining a uniform thickness of the coating.

Mastic roofs are of three types, such as:

• reinforced;
• unreinforced;
• combined.

The advantages of mastic roofing are as follows:

• cheaper than roll materials;
• high moisture protection indicators;
• quickly mounted;
• tightness;
• fire resistance;
• thermal stability, since the roof withstands temperature changes from -40 to +100 degrees.

Membrane roofs are made from a film made from a special polymer. Membrane coatings are used mainly on flat roofs. Film sheets, called membranes, are laid out on the surface with an overlap and attached to each other by exposure to hot air or using special adhesive tape. The membranes are attached to the roof surface with nails, screws or glue.

Such a roof has a high strength. It is quick and easy to install. But, rather expensive material quickly fades under the action of sunlight.

Perhaps the most common were and remain roofs made of sheet materials. Steel, slate, ondulin, corrugated board, metal tiles, asbestos plywood are attached to a wooden crate with self-tapping screws or nails. Steel roofing does not burn and will last up to 30 years. The slope angle should be 18-30 degrees.

Slate also does not burn, withstands low temperatures well, does not heat up under the influence of sunlight, and does not pass electric current. The slope angle should be 8-20 degrees.

Ondulin are cardboard-bitumen sheets. It is produced by impregnating organic fibers with bitumen. The process takes place at large values state parameters such as pressure and temperature. Since there are no asbestos compounds in the composition of the material, ondulin is considered one of the most environmentally friendly roofing materials.

Decking is called metal sheets coated with a layer of zinc or paint. Quite durable and practical material. When used, additional soundproofing is required.

There are three brands of corrugated board.

• Mark H. It has a large bearing capacity, used for horizontal structures.
• Mark C. Used for vertical structures.
• HC brand. A versatile material that can be used for both horizontal and vertical applications.

At the same time, for roofing works profiled sheet of grades H and HC is more suitable. Grade C material is used only on small buildings with a roof slope of 60 degrees. When buying a profiled sheet, pay attention to the thickness, height and type of profile, as well as its protective coating.

The metal tile is a slate-like galvanized sheet coated with a polymer. It is inexpensive, lightweight, easy to install, fire resistant, and not afraid of heat changes. But, at the same time, it has poor sound insulation, heats up under the action of sunlight, and is prone to corrosion. It cracks easily if not transported correctly.

Asbofanera is as easy to install as all sheet materials. It practically does not burn, but will not last long, because it can become damp. To enhance the water resistance, the asbestos plywood coating will have to be periodically painted over.

Perhaps, all the shortcomings of sheet coverings are taken into account in a new, modern material - composite tiles. This is a sheet roofing, which is steel sheets coated on both sides with an aluminum alloy. This is followed by layers of aluminum primer, stone granules and acrylic glaze. The material does not know what corrosion is, does not transmit heat and sound, does not change color under the influence of solar radiation, does not transmit or absorb moisture. It is fastened with forged nails.

Composite tiles can last half a century, but during the construction of the roof it will be necessary to provide a vapor barrier, since composite tiles do not allow steam to pass through. The second disadvantage is that the material has a high cost.

Type-setting or piece roofing includes such coatings as natural, polymer-sand, cement-sand, ceramic tiles. Beautiful in appearance, having all the possible advantages, having almost a century of service life, tiles are not the most common roofing material. Tiled roofing has a very high cost and no less heavy weight. Therefore, it is used in the construction of only elite buildings and requires a reinforced truss system and high-quality crates.

Color solutions

Choosing the right roof color for your home can be tricky.

In doing so, the following factors must be taken into account:

• location of the building;
• climatic conditions;
• color scheme of the facade;
• the color of adjacent buildings.

Most often there are roofs of the following colors:

• brown;
• red;
• burgundy;
• dark green;
• black.

The prevalence is explained by the fact that these colors are well combined with facades of various types and color schemes. When choosing the color of the roof, it is necessary to understand that dark colors absorb solar radiation, so the dark roof will heat up in the summer heat.

For this reason, dark roofs are more often used in northern regions. While in the southern regions light roofing materials are used more. Bright colours on roofing they look very impressive, but quickly fade and are used only for buildings built without architectural frills.

When choosing a color scheme for a roof, it must be remembered that shades of the same spectrum are always win-win combined with each other. For example, if the facade is painted in warm colors, then the roof is made in warm colors. Cold colors are combined with cold shades. The combination of natural shades with beige and brown colors, as well as with ocher, is considered a classic.

An interesting facade is needed for a gray roof, otherwise the house will look boring.

Manufacturers Overview

The modern construction market offers a huge selection of roofing coatings from both domestic and foreign manufacturers. The most famous brands of roofing that are in demand and have proven themselves in the modern construction market can be classified by country of origin.

• Germany is represented by these three well-known manufacturers, as:

1. the Lafarge concern is famous for its Braas brand roofing;
2. the Crotop concern produces accessories for roofs;
3. Creaton manufactures ceramic tiles.

• The Spanish company Cupa Natural Slate produces roofing slates of the Cupa brand.
• The Italian company Tegola Canadese produces shingles based on bituminous Tegola brand.
• The French company OFIC SA produces roofing materials of the Onduline brand;
• The French company Terreal produces ceramic tiles of the Terreal brand.

• Popular Finnish manufacturers are the following:

1. Lemminkainen manufactures bitumen roofing, mastics, roll coverings and shingles under the Pikipika brand;
2. Katepal OY produces roofing and waterproofing coatings under the Ruflex brand;
3. Weckman Steel OY manufactures Weckman brand metal roofing and corrugated board.

• Among Russian manufacturers, the most famous are the following:

1. trading house "Omi" produces roofing coverings of the same name;
2. TechnoNIKOL manufactures shingles shingles;
3. Supron LLC produces Suprn brand roofing from environmentally friendly components.

Do not lag behind in a variety of types, types and colors and Chinese roofing.

• Chinese-made coatings are as follows:

1. metal - made of copper, zinc, galvanized steel;
2. mineral - from crushed natural stone;
3. organic - bitumen, polymers, wood shingles, straw are used for production.

The most popular Chinese metal tile made of cold-rolled galvanized steel. The material is durable, does not burn, does not deform. Can last up to 100 years.

Accessories and tools

To get a beautiful, high-quality roof, you need to use the right fasteners - screws, self-tapping screws, screws. It is also necessary to have at least a minimum set of tools for roofing.

To mount the roof, you will need tools such as:

• carpenter's hammer;
• a construction stapler for attaching a vapor barrier sheet;
• a medium-sized hacksaw with a blade length of up to 40 centimeters;
• construction cord for leveling the roof;
• contrasting color marker for marking;
• screwdriver with suitable nozzles;
• pliers.

How to make your own?

Since roofing does not require special equipment, they can be done independently.

Roofing works can be divided into three stages, namely:

• design;
• erection of the truss system;
• roofing.

At the design stage, the shape of the roof and the steepness of the slopes are determined.

The decisive factors will be:

• climatic conditions: a lot of snow and rain - the slope is steep, strong winds - on the contrary, gentle;
• type of roofing material. For example, when using shingles, the angle of inclination must be at least 22 degrees, because otherwise rainwater will seep through the joints.

The rafter system is the most important part of the roof and is a system of inclined rails called rafter legs, vertically arranged racks and inclined struts. Rafters provide roof stability, give reliability to the roof, redistribute the load on the entire building. The location of the elements of the truss system is directly related to the shape of the roof. A gable roof will have one truss system, a hip roof will have another.

At self erection roofs, you need to remember that even the smallest deviation from the technology of mounting rafters can result in a collapse of the roof.

After the truss structure is ready, they begin to mount the roofing pie, which is a multi-layer structure located directly under the roofing material. The roofing pie serves to protect the roof from moisture penetration, heat loss, and prevents condensation from forming.

It consists of the following elements:

• vapor barrier;
• insulation layer;
• waterproofing;
• counterlattice;
• ventilated space;
• crate;
• roofing material.

To properly mount roofing cake a certain algorithm of actions must be performed.

• From the side of the attic, a vapor barrier membrane film is attached to the rafters with a stapler, placing it with the outlet side inside the attic. The seams between the panels of the film are glued with adhesive tape. This is the first layer of the pie.
• The second layer is laid on top - this is a heater, which is better to choose according to the criterion "on fire - does not burn."
• The third layer is a waterproofing film, which covers the insulation on top. It is fixed with a stapler, the seams are glued with tape.
• At the next step, a counter-lattice is nailed to the rafters. A counter-lattice or counter-beam is a beam that provides roof ventilation. Thanks to the counter-lattice, a free space is formed between the insulation layer and the crate, allowing air to circulate freely.

• A crate is nailed to the counter-beam, that is, boards to which the roof will be attached. At the same time, the material of the roof is taken into account: for flexible tiles, a continuous flooring is required, for slate - sparse.
• Lay and fix the coating, using the instructions from the manufacturer.
• Auxiliary roofing structures are installed: snow retainers, gutters.

How to carry out the installation of the roof, see the following video.

• roofing material is chosen when designing the truss system;
• the choice of roofing material depends on the angle of inclination of the roof;
• a roof with two or four slopes can be covered with any roofing;
• when buying roofing materials, it is imperative to take installation instructions from the seller;
• tiles are used if the values ​​​​of the angle of inclination of the roof are in the range from 30 to 60 degrees;
• if the slope is an angle of 8 to 18 degrees, it is more advisable to use bituminous coatings;

• steel sheets must be painted every 10 years. The paint will protect the roof from corrosion;
• multi-gable roofs are covered with flexible coatings: corrugated board, bitumen, metal tiles;
• installation of metal tiles begins with the end of the roof. The first sheets are attached to the rafters with one self-tapping screw, screwed into the fold of the wave. This will ensure the mobility of the sheet and allow it to be leveled if necessary. The metal tile can be mounted at any time of the year;
• all types of slate are overlapped using a hinged mount;
• asbestos-cement slate is laid regardless of air temperature, while ondulin and PVC slate become brittle in frost;

• dry, warm weather is necessary for laying roll coatings;
• soft tiles begin to be laid from the eaves;
• before you start laying a roof of ceramic tiles, it will be useful to first practice. Tiles have a special locking system;
• elements of cement-sand tiles have ready-made holes for nails;
• before starting work, it is necessary to take care of fire-retardant and antiseptic impregnation of all wooden elements roofs.

The general rules for working with roofing material are as follows:

• cutting is done on the ground. If, nevertheless, it became necessary to cut off the material, already being on the roof, then sawdust must be removed;
• before starting installation, it is necessary to examine the plane of the roof on which the material will be laid. It must have a flat and clean surface;
• work is performed in soft shoes to feel the surface;
• before the final fixing, it is impossible to step on the sheets;
• work begins with the processing of obstacles - chimneys, dormer windows;
• the coating elements are fixed using the fasteners recommended by the manufacturer.

By following the instructions and safety requirements attached to the material, you can create a beautiful, high-quality and durable roof with your own hands.

Beautiful examples in the exterior

When considering any building, a person first of all pays attention to its roof, or rather, to its visible part - the roof. The roof of the house, its appearance always remains the pride of its owner.

Properly selected roofing can become an adornment of even the most nondescript building.

• AT modern world cube-shaped houses are gaining great popularity. The cube house has a flat roof. It is not only beautiful and unusual, but also practical. On the flat roof you can arrange a recreation area with a terrace and a green lawn.
• A shed roof can become a decoration of a two- or three-story private house. At right choice color solution unusual and interesting options are obtained.

• The asymmetric gable roof on a one-story or two-story private house looks original. Appearance buildings are immediately perceived in a different way.

There are many options for asymmetrical roofing:

1. Arrange the slopes at different angles.
2. Make slopes of different widths.
3. If the house has several floors, then lengthen one slope, turning it into a canopy.
4. Build a veranda under one of the slopes.

• Surprisingly transforms a gable roof soft tiles as a cover.
• The arrangement of viewing windows on the slopes of the roof gives the whole structure originality.

• Several different types of roofs look impressive on the same building.

A gable roof is well combined with a hip roof:

1. The slope is located above the pediment. In addition to the original appearance, such constructive solution makes it possible to equip a room in the attic.
2. The slope is located under the pediment. Small windows located on the gables will decorate such a roof.

• Appearance mansard roof becomes more effective when changing the angle of the rafters.
• The decoration of the design of the house will be the device of a canopy over the balcony in the form of a sloping mansard roof.

To make the house extraordinary, memorable, unlike others, the right color combinations of facade and roofing allow:

• buildings always look harmonious if they have a facade of light gray, white or lemon color, and a green roof, or a cream facade under a brown roof;
• combinations of walls of blue, green, white color under a black or gray roof;
• if the buildings around are covered with brown and gray roofs, then the red roof will effectively distinguish the house from the crowd;
• a blue facade with gray or white elements under a gray roof looks elegant and modern;

• the classic combination is a dark top and a light bottom. The most common option. Light walls of the facade and contrasting color of the roof;
• tone-on-tone combination. The roof and walls of the same shade will give the building solidity and elegance;
• dark walls under a light roof. To prevent the roof from dissolving against the general background, it is necessary to repeat its color on windows, doors, gutters.

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