What are the roofing materials. Overview of existing roof types and materials - brief characteristics

The roof is a significant item in the budget for building a house. Different types of roofs are radically different in design from each other, which affects the cost of construction, which can be quite affordable or, on the contrary, cause a shock. The type of roof and the angle of inclination of its slope also affect the possibility of arranging the attic and form appearance the whole house.

Different types of roofs of private houses have a configuration of varying degrees of complexity, from the simplest - flat to complex combined structures.

Flat roof , the device of which belongs to the least complex, and, therefore, the most attractive solutions from a financial point of view. Floor elements laid on load-bearing walls, in fact, are the roof. Typically, a flat roof has a slight slope (up to 3%) to drain rainwater.

A pitched roof is a general concept for roofs that have inclined planes, the basis of which are rafters and sheathing. This category is presented in several versions.

A shed roof is a kind of intermediate solution between a flat and a gable roof. Relatively simple design characteristic for the construction of outbuildings and country houses. It, like a flat one, consists of one slope, but differs in the angle of inclination, as well as in a separate ceiling and roof structure. A shed roof allows you to conveniently equip the area on the second floor, which is not limited by slopes, as is the case, for example, with gable roofs, and, as a rule, provides the same amount of space as on the first floor. Recently, they are often used in large houses, where the area allows you to create several blocks with roofs located at different levels.

The device of a shed roof depends on the size of the building and the expected angle of inclination of the slope. Below are the most common designs:

1. Rafter construction - the rafters rest on the outer wall. This kind of wooden roof structure is simple to implement and does not create high costs. It can be performed on buildings in which the span of the walls does not exceed 6 meters.
2. Rafter construction with struts - an inclined beam strengthens and stiffens the frame. With its help, you can make a roof on a building with a span of walls up to 7 meters.
3. Truss structure with a trussed truss - this kind of roof structure can be used on roofs with a span of up to 12 m. The wooden structure is additionally supported by pillars, which provide it with greater rigidity.

Gable roof

A gable roof is a structure with opposite slopes connected in a ridge. characteristic feature is the presence of triangular gables of the side walls covering the roof in planes perpendicular to the ridge. There are main types of gable roofs - symmetrical (when the sections are equal and inclined at the same angle) or asymmetrical.

This design is characteristic of traditional architecture, but is also present in modern, minimalist buildings, primarily due to simplicity, which affects convenience and lower construction costs. In houses where the roof slope is 35 - 45 °, an attic is usually equipped. A gable roof has many advantages, among which the most important are:

• due to the possibility of adapting the attic for residential purposes, they receive additional space;
• a simple design facilitates the construction of a house, and also allows you to easily add a garage or a shed to the building;
• a large and simple area facilitates the arrangement of the roof;
• when carrying out roofing work on a gable roof, little waste of materials is obtained, so the choice of coverage is unlimited;
• this type of roof also ensures efficient removal of snow and rainwater.

It is also important for the building that, thanks to the strong slope, the ventilation between the roof and the wind insulation is much easier than in the case of other types of roofs.

The hip roof is a four-pitched structure, where two of the four slopes are trapezoid-shaped, and two more are triangles. It is these triangular slopes that are called hips, which gave the name to the design. The slopes, converging to a short ridge, are usually inclined at one angle. The truss structure uses beams and double tightening. This design is recommended for one-story buildings, which give beautiful proportions. Despite the presence of an attic, the reasonable arrangement of the attic in this case is not an easy task. The interior design is hampered by numerous bevels. Usually, the functionality of the attic is improved by increasing the angle of inclination of the slope, but in the case of a four-slope design, little can be achieved by this. The best solution is the installation of skylights, which will visually increase the volume of the room.

A hip roof is more expensive and more difficult to implement than a gable roof. Implementation is hampered, in particular, by the angles at which the planes converge. This is a job for highly skilled roofers. Also, roofing work requires the use of solutions that increase the cost of construction. When using sheet roofing, a lot of waste remains, so it is better to use piece roofing materials which will reduce losses. Having mounted a reinforced truss system, you can even use ceramic tiles. At hip roof there are subspecies.

The semi-hipped roof is characterized by bevelled corners and truncated triangles located on the end walls. It is a good option for investors looking for a way to get rid of the monotony.

Similar designs are typical for regional architecture. They can be found, in particular, in the mountains.

The truncated triangles of the semi-hip roof reduce the surface of the roof and strengthen the edges of the frame, thereby protecting the house from strong winds. The optimal slope angle of such a roof is 35°, which allows water and snow to drain away without limiting the choice of roofing.

Installation of such a roof is simpler than a hip roof and only slightly more complicated than a gable roof. At the same time, it looks aesthetically pleasing and has a comfortable attic, in which an attic can be equipped. However, one should pay attention Special attention for careful implementation of thermal insulation at the joints of the slopes.

A hipped roof is a specific type of hip roof that is used in buildings that have a square or regular rectangle at the base. They do not have a ridge, their slopes converge at one point, forming the so-called ridge knot. Visually, this design resembles a pyramid. It looks great as a cover for a one-story building built in a classic style.

hipped roofs often used as a cover for free-standing garages, agricultural buildings, shops. Sometimes they are used as a cover for turrets and other elements in more architecturally complex buildings. However, it must be remembered that, although they are visually attractive, the cost of their implementation is always more than in the case of conventional gable structures.

Traditionally, a multi-gable roof is a roof formed by a variety of combinations of gable roofs. It consists of many planes of different sizes, shapes and angles. Most often they are triangular or trapezoidal, sometimes rectangular. The roof is beautifully presented, but has too many construction complications. To drain water from the entire surface, it is necessary to install additional drains and downpipes. complex shape roof affects the increase in its value. A large number of slopes is associated with a large consumption of roofing material. At least the purchase of a large number of ribs, valleys and a ridge will be a significant expense. A large number of bends also affects the increase in the weight of the roofing. This, in turn, is due to the need for a more powerful and more stable truss system. All jobs require highly skilled craftsmen. In addition, a multi-gable roof looks good on a large building standing on a large lot. In a small area, this is rather impractical - it will visually reduce the entire territory.

An example of a broken roof is a mansard roof - this is a structure in which each slope consists of two parts: the upper one with a smaller angle of inclination and the lower one with a larger angle. A sloping roof can be two - or four-pitched. The use of this design improves the performance properties of the attic - the usable area increases. A sloping roof most often has a lower inclined plane at an angle of 60º, and an upper one of about 30 °; layered rafters are used in the rafter system. As a roof, it is best to use flexible tiles.

The disadvantage of this option is a more complex and difficult to implement design, as well as the need for very careful preparation of the coating. Leaks may occur at fracture sites. Also, the complexity of its implementation lies, in particular, in the appropriate arrangement of the rafters. In any case, it is better to entrust the installation to specialists.

Domed and conical roofs

Domed and conical structures are associated mainly with architectural monuments. However, these types of roofs are also used in the construction of private houses, in particular on all kinds of superstructures and extensions (turrets, drums, gazebos). They are mounted over multifaceted or round structures. Rafter systems for domed and conical roofs are used hanging and layered, respectively. For the arrangement of the coating, as a rule, piece roofing materials are used.

Combined roofs

The shape of the roof depends on many factors, including regional conditions and preferences, the type and purpose of the building, the landscape in which the object should be inscribed. At the same time, homeowners and developers strive for originality. This is where combined roofs come to the rescue. Most often, such structures are found in cottage villages. The bottom line is to combine several roof structures into one structure in order to achieve a certain aesthetic effect. Also, combined roofs are used in case of expansion of the building. So, for example, it can be a hip roof over a house, complemented by a shed roof over an attached veranda or winter garden.

In individual construction, various types of roofs are used, and the choice is determined by various factors, including:

• decorative qualities and compliance with the chosen style of construction;
• smart home solution (including the geometric shape of the box, the presence of internal bearing walls etc.);
• climatic features of the construction region;
• the level of complexity of installation;
• stress on wall structures and foundation;
• the use of certain roofing materials;
• the possibility of insulating the structure, etc.

According to the design of the roof can be divided into two types:

• Attic roofs - with an overlap at the level of the upper part of the walls, which separates the space under the roof from the rooms located below. This is a classic option for cold climates, as the ceiling can be insulated to reduce heat loss at home. In addition, the space under the roof is suitable for use as an additional utility room or turning it into a living space (this requires insulating the roof system).
• Non-attic (combined) roofs - there is no additional ceiling covering, the ceiling of the lower floor is the roof structure itself, flat or pitched. It is more suitable for warm climates, as in harsh climates it is more difficult to prevent heat loss through such a roof.

If we consider what types of roofs are according to the level of slope and roof configuration, we can distinguish systems:

• flat;
• pitched.

In its turn, pitched views roofs by design are:

• lean-to;
• gable (gable);
• mansard (broken gable roofs);
• tented;
• hip and semi-hip;
• multi-forceps;
• conical;
• domed;
• combined;
• free outlines.

Each type of roof has its advantages and disadvantages, operational features. Let's consider them in more detail.

flat roofs

For individual housing construction, flat roofs are uncharacteristic for a number of reasons, including:

• architectural inexpressiveness, when it comes to the construction of standard rectangular outlines;
• high requirements for roof waterproofing;
• the need for high bearing capacity roofing system, if we are talking about an exploited roof or construction in regions that are characterized by increased snow loads.

But today, flat roofs are increasingly being built by private developers. This is primarily due to the popularity of Art Nouveau, minimalism and high-tech styles. At the same time, for the architectural expressiveness of the building, a combination of volumes of various parts of the structure is usually used. Another reason for the growing interest in flat roofs is the emergence of durable and reliable waterproofing materials on the construction market.

The advantages of flat roofs include the possibility:

• equip a site for recreation, sports activities, etc.;
• create a winter garden or greenhouse;
• install a wind generator or other equipment to increase the comfort and economic efficiency of the house.

In addition, flat roofs are easier and safer to maintain - to clear snow, repair the roof or troubleshoot equipment installed on it.

Shed roofs

If we compare what are the roofs of houses and outbuildings, it can be noted that in the second case, shed roof systems are used more often. This type roofs are characterized by the simplest design - the rafter legs rest on the edges of the walls (or special supports) located at different heights. The angle of inclination of the slope depends on the height difference and the length of the span.

Shed roofs are most often installed on buildings of small size, since with a large roof area it is necessary to increase the angle of inclination in order to ensure effective drainage. And this turns into an increased windage of the roof.

If we are talking about a residential building, then for the architectural expressiveness of the building I often use the technique when two (or more) shed roofs over different parts of the building visually imitate a gable (or multi-gable) structure.

The benefits of pitched roofs include:

• simplicity of calculations and installation work;
• cost-effectiveness (minimum materials are used);
• light weight (suitable for buildings on lightweight foundations).

If the pitch angle is relatively small, roof maintenance is safer compared to other types of pitched structures.

The disadvantages of this type of system include the limited attic space - it is difficult to fully use it for economic purposes and it is more difficult to insulate it with high quality.

Gable structures

When answering the question of what kind of roofs there are on private houses, most people will first of all remember a gable roof, which is also called a gable roof. Its design is quite simple - two identical slopes rest with their lower part on opposite walls (or beams laid across them), and in the upper part they are connected in a ridge.

The advantage of this system is the following:

• the truss structure is quite easy to calculate and mount;
• the space under the slopes can be used for storing things or for other economic purposes, including for installing ventilation and other equipment;
• if desired, the attic is converted into a living space;
• due to the rather steep slope of the slopes (usually 15-60 degrees, depending on atmospheric loads in the region and the selected coating material), snow and rain moisture easily comes off the roof;
• financial investments in a gable structure are relatively small;
• a gable roof house looks aesthetically pleasing.

However, it is worth noting that a gable roof is suitable for relatively small buildings, since the roof area grows noticeably with an increase in the dimensions of the house box.

There are not only forceps, that is, isosceles. To add individuality to the building, you can make an asymmetric roof, the slopes of which differ in size and angle of inclination. However, in this case, a professional is required, the load on which will be unevenly distributed.

Mansard roofs

By usually means "broken" gable structures. In this case, each ramp consists of two parts located at different angles, with the lower one being mounted almost vertically. The peculiarity of the truss system is that it allows you to expand the usable space of the attic, as if continuing the walls of the house up.

The financial investment in this type of system is 25-30% higher than for the installation of a gable roof, but the gain in terms of the functionality of the building is much greater, since a full-fledged residential floor is practically added. And in comparison with the construction of a full-fledged two-story house you can significantly save money, since the installation and insulation of the roofing system will cost much cheaper than arranging a reinforced foundation and erecting walls on the second floor.

When arranging such a roof, it is important to consider the following points:

• attic insulation will reduce the heat loss of the lower rooms of the house, but the under-roof space needs high-quality ventilation, since the use of vapor-tight materials (a foamed polymer heat insulator or a special membrane that protects mineral wool from moisture);
• if windows are cut into the roof slopes, high-quality daylight can be provided;
• when using special furniture, you can maximize the use of space in the "dead" zones between vertical walls rooms and slopes.

A mansard roof can replace an existing gable roof, provided that the walls and foundation are able to withstand the increased load.

hipped roofs

Visually, the design is four identical isosceles triangles, the vertices of which converge at one point, and the bases lie on the walls of the building.

(pyramidal) structures are ideal for erecting on houses whose box is square. Their advantages include:

• high resistance to atmospheric loads;
• attractive appearance;
• the ability to use almost any roofing material.

The disadvantage is the increased requirements for system calculations and installation work. To rafter system withstand loads and evenly distribute them on the walls of the house, its supporting frame must be made strictly symmetrically.

hip roofs

Hip structures primarily became widespread in Northern Europe, in regions that are characterized by strong winds and heavy rainfall. Like tent structures, hip systems have four slopes, but they are not the same, but are symmetrical in pairs. On the short sides of the house, the slopes are triangular, on the long sides they are trapezoidal, which converge in the ridge in the upper part.

Even a heavy wind will not break, due to long overhangs, it reliably protects the walls of the house from precipitation. The attic under such a roof is quite spacious, and if desired, it is possible to equip an attic there by installing windows in the roof.

A variety of hip structures is half-hip roofs. They differ in that the triangular slopes are approximately half as long as the lateral trapezoidal ones and open the upper part of the pediment. Such roofs are used on two-three-story buildings, in this case, the upper (mansard) floor has windows only on the gables, since the side parts are covered with a roof.

Hip and semi-hip types of roofs for a private house are difficult to install, as they require increased accuracy when calculating the truss system and installing the frame. You should also take into account the increased consumption of materials for the construction of the frame and laying the roofing cake. But it is worth noting that buildings with such roofs look solid and respectable.

Multi-forceps designs

The original roof can be created by combining several gable structures with each other. The most common option is to install small gable roofs over skylights on the gables and roof slopes of the house. Also, separate gable roofs can be erected over each of the parts of the box of a house of complex configuration, which as a whole creates a unique ensemble.

It should be noted that the calculation and installation of multi-gable structures must be entrusted to professionals, since a complex truss system must correctly distribute the load on building structures.

The weak point of multi-gable roofs is the waterproofing of valleys and junctions, which abound in the design. Such a roof requires increased attention during installation and the use of the most reliable waterproofing materials.

conical roofs

Such structures in a "solid" form are usually crowned with round or polygonal towers, round houses. Incomplete cones are used to create a roof over a protruding bay window, in which case it is especially difficult to pair the conical roof element with the roof truss system over the main part of the house.

Not all roofing materials are suitable for arranging a coating on a conical roof. First of all, you can use:

• rolled bituminous materials with a decorative and protective coating;
• bituminous tiles;
• natural tiles;
• copper or wooden "scales";
• slate, limestone;
• reeds and other plant materials.

dome roofs

Understanding what roofs are on private houses, one cannot fail to mention domed roofs. There are two main varieties:

1. insulated roof (with window structures or "blank") as part of a domed house;
2. a panoramic glazed (or partially glazed) structure above a part of a house of complex architecture.

The frame of the dome system in the first case can be made of wood. Fully glazed domes are made of metal (steel or aluminum) structures, and require professional engineering calculations and competent manufacture of the frame, which must successfully withstand atmospheric loads.

Can be used as translucent filling:

• reinforced or laminated glass (during the destruction of these materials, dangerous fragments are not formed, but their light transmission is not the highest);
• triplex (completely safe, transmits light well);
• plastic materials - polycarbonate, transparent slate, plexiglass (they are lightweight and safe in case of destruction, but the resistance of each of these materials to ultraviolet radiation and light transmission properties should be taken into account).

The panoramic dome roof is difficult not only to install, but also to maintain. The glazing must be washed regularly from the outside, as dust will settle on its surface. AT winter period the upper part of the dome will be covered with snow and frost, unless a special heating system is provided.

The advantages of domed roofs include:

• originality and aesthetic appearance;
• increased thermal efficiency of insulated structures - the shape of the dome contributes to the uniform distribution of heat, there are no freezing corners in the room;
• glazed structures make it possible to create an original winter garden or a room for stargazing.

Combined roofs

Houses of complex architecture with a variable number of storeys, replete with towers, bay windows and other elements, require the construction of a combined roof. During the development of the project, specialists need to competently combine several types of roofing into a single harmonious ensemble.

At the same time, the roof should be not only aesthetic and original, but first of all, reliable and durable. For laying roofing, a material is selected that is equally suitable for flat and convex surfaces. Most often this piece materials(natural tiles, slate) or flexible bituminous tiles.

Roofs of "free" forms

There are roofs of private houses that are difficult to classify. It's about original architectural solutions when the roof as a whole and most of its parts do not have a strict geometric shape. The roof surface has smooth curves, due to which the slopes necessary for the removal of rain and melt water are formed.

Houses with such roofs are designed as close as possible to the free natural outlines, and completely natural materials are used to create the roofing - primarily slate. This type of roofing can also include grassy coverings of houses built close to the slope of the hill (and partly inside it), if the vegetation on the roof forms a single carpet with a natural cover in the areas adjacent to the house.

As you know, there is no house without a roof. It is the shape of the roof and its covering that give the building a complete image, crown it, decorate it. The main purpose of the roof is to protect the building from rain, hail, snow, solar radiation. Therefore, the roof of the house should not only be beautiful, but also, first of all, a durable, reliable and practical construction.

The importance of proper construction

When erecting any structure, even the simplest, it is imperative to know and strictly follow certain construction rules. So, all the standards relating to the design and construction of the roof are spelled out in the document "SP 17.13330.2011", which is the current updated version of another document "SNiP II-26-76". The requirements contained in these rules are valid throughout the territory of our country and apply to the construction of roofs of all possible compositions in buildings of various purposes. The document contains a list of permitted roofing materials and requirements for them.

The possibility of using other compositions for roofing must be confirmed in accordance with the procedure established by law.

These requirements must be strictly followed not only when building a new house, but also when reconstructing or overhaul roofs of buildings with roofing from these materials. In addition to complying with construction standards, it is necessary that all materials used, literally to every nail, comply with GOST. Only in this case, the erected roof will be reliable, and living in the house will be safe.

Description

The roof is such a final link of the roof, its finishing coating, which performs protective and aesthetic functions. The roof must be waterproof, lightweight, durable, inexpensive to maintain, and meet fire safety requirements.

When choosing a roof covering, consider factors such as:

• roof shape;
• features of the truss system;
• roof pitch,
• climatic conditions.

Classification

How the roof of the building will look externally is determined even before the start of all work.

All types of roofs can be combined into two groups, taking into account the slope and the number of side planes, called slopes:

• flat roofs;
• roofs with one or more slopes.

A flat roof is a rectangular, flat area with a slope of no more than three degrees. This type of roof in modern housing construction is used only when it is planned to be used additionally. For example, to equip a recreation area, a swimming pool, a helipad. In small private houses, the use of this form is impractical, since stagnation of rain and melt water can occur on it, and there is no need to talk about its great reliability and durability.

Undoubtedly, pitched roofs are more practical, although they are more costly and difficult to build. The advantages include the fact that the main enemy of the roof - water easily flows down the slopes of the roof, without lingering and without causing harm.

Depending on the features of the roofing system, pitched roofs come with either an attic or an attic. An attic is a room organized directly under the roof and suitable for habitation. The attic differs from the second floor with low walls (no more than 1.5 m). The existing varieties of pitched roofs are divided into types depending on the design features.

Pitched roofs are as follows:

• lean-to;
• gable;
• hip;
• half hip;
• tent;

• multi-forceps;
• broken lines;
• domed;
• conical;
• combined.

The most inexpensive and simple single-slope design in the device. Such roofs are found on sheds, garages and other outbuildings. Shed roof has a flat roof supported by walls different heights. It is due to the different heights of the support that the slope is obtained. The disadvantage of this design is the absence of at least some attic space, and the appearance of such a roof is not pleasing to the eye.

The form of a gable roof has come down to us from time immemorial and is perhaps the most common and familiar roof for one-story house especially in rural areas. There is only one explanation for this - practicality. The slopes can be located both symmetrically and at different angles of inclination, be equal in length and not quite. This shape of the roof makes it easy to create an attic or attic under it.

The design has two slopes, united on the end sides by gables, and on top with a “ridge”, which strengthens and protects the roof seam formed at the junction of the slopes.

Gables are obligatory and very important elements gable roof. They close the space between the slopes, thereby protecting the attic from the effects of wind and precipitation. The slopes of the roof rest on the gables, due to which the load on the walls of the building is redistributed. Finally, due to its location, the pediment can be an attic wall.

The hip roof is obtained from a gable structure by replacing the gables with two more slopes having the shape of a triangle. The slopes in this case are called hips, hence the name of the entire roof. At the top of one of the hips is a hatch called dormer window. In fact, a hip roof is a hipped structure, difficult to build, but very resistant to natural disasters, such as hurricane winds or heavy rain.

If the pediments of a gable roof are given a trapezoidal shape, and the upper part of the pediment is covered with a small triangular slope, or, conversely, the lower part is covered with a slope, and the top of the pediment is made triangular, then a semi-hinged roof will be obtained. In terms of design, a building with a similar roof takes on an interesting appearance.

The hipped form is also a type of hip roof. There can be three or more sectors (hips) depending on the shape of the support. There is no ridge, and the hips converge at one point with amazingly perfect accuracy, forming a tent over the building. Buildings with complex, polygonal shapes are covered with a multi-gable roof.

The design of such a roof is complex, but nevertheless it makes it possible to create structures that are unique in appearance.

Broken roof type is often called mansard roof. This is a cost-effective design, as it allows you to organize additional living space.

Domed, as well as conical roof shapes, are rare in the construction of private residential premises in our time. The use of this form implies a round structure under the roof. Often such roofs cover not the whole building, but its individual parts. For example, a terrace oval shape or any decorative elements: towers, rotundas.

Combined roofs have the most complex design. Essentially, they are combinations various types roofs, which gives a lot of space for design ideas. Such structures are difficult to build, not easy to maintain. However, it is the combined roofs that can increasingly be found on modern cottages.

All coverage options

In modern construction of private residential buildings, the following types of roofing materials are used:

• roll;
• mastic;
• membrane;
• leafy;
• piece or set.

Rolled coatings include roofing felt and roofing felt known to all. These coatings are made from polymeric and bituminous materials. As a reinforcing base, layers of cardboard, fiberglass or polyester are used. Such a coating can be used for roofing both on flat and pitched roofs.

A feature of the application is a continuous crate of wooden rafters. Glued plywood panels turned upside down can be used as solid flooring. The slope of the roof should be 10-30 degrees. Roofing material is attached to the flooring in a hot way: the roll is heated and rolled out on the roof with a roller. For reliability, the material is laid in several layers. Moreover, if they cover flat roof, which has wooden floor, then for the purposes of fire safety, the first layer is nailed, and the next one is already welded.

Repairing such a roof is simple: the old coating is cleaned of dirt and a new layer is laid on top.

To roll materials such modern roofing as shingles also applies. This is fiberglass with bituminous impregnation. One of its sides has an adhesive surface, and on the other hand, the canvas is covered with multi-colored mineral chips. The panel is easily bent, therefore it is able to easily, without much effort, take the shape of the surface. Due to this property, shingles are increasingly being used for roofing on non-standard roofs.

Roll coatings have their advantages and disadvantages.

The benefits include the following:

• high sound insulation;
• thermal insulation;
• frost resistance;
• small mass;
• no corrosion.

The main disadvantages are that:

• the coating may tear, crack;
• roofing material and roofing felt are subject to decay over time;
• the material is flammable;
• under influence sun rays coating fades.

Mastic roofing is used only on flat roofs due to the fact that it is a bulk material. It is easy to install. On a pre-prepared, dried base, covered, for example, with fiberglass, several layers of mastic are applied. It is used in the construction of large residential and industrial buildings.

The disadvantage is the difficulty of obtaining a uniform thickness of the coating.

Mastic roofs are of three types, such as:

• reinforced;
• unreinforced;
• combined.

The advantages of mastic roofing are as follows:

• cheaper than roll materials;
• high moisture protection indicators;
• quickly mounted;
• tightness;
• fire resistance;
• thermal stability, since the roof withstands temperature changes from -40 to +100 degrees.

Membrane roofs are made from a film made from a special polymer. Apply membrane coatings mostly on flat roofs. Film sheets, called membranes, are laid out on the surface with an overlap and attached to each other by exposure to hot air or using special adhesive tape. The membranes are attached to the roof surface with nails, screws or glue.

Such a roof has a high strength. It is quick and easy to install. But, rather expensive material quickly fades under the action of sunlight.

Perhaps the most common were and remain roofs made of sheet materials. Steel, slate, ondulin, corrugated board, metal tiles, asbestos plywood are attached to a wooden crate with self-tapping screws or nails. Steel roofing does not burn and will last up to 30 years. The slope angle should be 18-30 degrees.

Slate also does not burn, withstands low temperatures well, does not heat up under the influence of sunlight, and does not pass electric current. The slope angle should be 8-20 degrees.

Ondulin are cardboard-bitumen sheets. It is produced by impregnating organic fibers with bitumen. The process takes place at large values state parameters such as pressure and temperature. Since there are no asbestos compounds in the composition of the material, ondulin is considered one of the most environmentally friendly roofing materials.

Decking is called metal sheets coated with a layer of zinc or paint. Quite durable and practical material. When used, additional soundproofing is required.

There are three brands of corrugated board.

• Mark H. It has a large bearing capacity, used for horizontal structures.
• Mark C. Used for vertical structures.
• HC brand. A versatile material that can be used for both horizontal and vertical applications.

At the same time, profiled sheets of grades H and HC are more suitable for roofing. Grade C material is used only on small buildings with a roof slope of 60 degrees. When buying a profiled sheet, pay attention to the thickness, height and type of profile, as well as its protective coating.

The metal tile is a slate-like galvanized sheet coated with a polymer. It is inexpensive, lightweight, easy to install, fire resistant, and not afraid of heat changes. But, at the same time, it has poor sound insulation, heats up under the action of sunlight, and is prone to corrosion. It cracks easily if not transported correctly.

Asbofanera is as easy to install as all sheet materials. It practically does not burn, but will not last long, because it can become damp. To enhance the water resistance, the asbestos plywood coating will have to be periodically painted over.

Perhaps all the shortcomings of sheeting are taken into account in the new, modern material- composite tiles. This is a sheet roofing, which is steel sheets coated on both sides with an aluminum alloy. This is followed by layers of aluminum primer, stone granules and acrylic glaze. The material does not know what corrosion is, does not transmit heat and sound, does not change color under the influence of solar radiation, does not transmit or absorb moisture. It is fastened with forged nails.

Composite tiles can last half a century, but during the construction of the roof it will be necessary to provide a vapor barrier, since composite tiles do not allow steam to pass through. The second disadvantage is that the material has a high cost.

Type-setting or piece roofing includes such coatings as natural, polymer-sand, cement-sand, ceramic tiles. Beautiful in appearance, having all the possible advantages, having almost a century of service life, tiles are not the most common roofing material. Tiled roofing has a very high cost and no less heavy weight. Therefore, it is used in the construction of only elite buildings and requires a reinforced truss system and high-quality crates.

Color solutions

Choosing the right roof color for your home can be tricky.

In doing so, the following factors must be taken into account:

• location of the building;
• climatic conditions;
• color scheme of the facade;
• the color of adjacent buildings.

Most often there are roofs of the following colors:

• brown;
• red;
• burgundy;
• dark green;
• black.

The prevalence is explained by the fact that these colors are well combined with facades of various types and colors. When choosing the color of the roof, it is necessary to understand that dark colors absorb solar radiation, so the dark roof will heat up in the summer heat.

For this reason, dark roofs are more often used in northern regions. While in the southern regions light roofing materials are used more. Bright colours on roofing they look very impressive, but quickly fade and are used only for buildings built without architectural frills.

When choosing a color scheme for a roof, it must be remembered that shades of the same spectrum are always win-win combined with each other. For example, if the facade is painted in warm colors, then the roof is made in warm colors. Cold colors are combined with cold shades. The combination of natural shades with beige and brown colors, as well as with ocher, is considered a classic.

An interesting facade is needed for a gray roof, otherwise the house will look boring.

Manufacturers Overview

The modern construction market offers a huge selection of roofing coatings from both domestic and foreign manufacturers. The most famous brands of roofing that are in demand and have proven themselves in the modern construction market can be classified by country of origin.

• Germany is represented by these three well-known manufacturers, as:

1. the Lafarge concern is famous for its Braas brand roofing;
2. the Crotop concern produces accessories for roofs;
3. Creaton manufactures ceramic tiles.

• The Spanish company Cupa Natural Slate produces roofing slates of the Cupa brand.
• The Italian company Tegola Canadese produces shingles based on bituminous Tegola brand.
• The French company OFIC SA produces roofing materials of the Onduline brand;
• The French company Terreal produces ceramic tiles of the Terreal brand.

• Popular Finnish manufacturers are the following:

1. Lemminkainen manufactures bitumen roofing, mastics, roll coverings and shingles under the Pikipika brand;
2. Katepal OY produces roofing and waterproofing coatings under the Ruflex brand;
3. Weckman Steel OY manufactures Weckman brand metal roofing and corrugated board.

• Among Russian manufacturers, the most famous are the following:

1. trading house "Omi" produces roofing coverings of the same name;
2. TechnoNIKOL manufactures shingles shingles;
3. Supron LLC produces Suprn brand roofing from environmentally friendly components.

Do not lag behind in a variety of types, types and colors and Chinese roofing.

• Chinese-made coatings are as follows:

1. metal - made of copper, zinc, galvanized steel;
2. mineral - from crushed natural stone;
3. organic - bitumen, polymers, wood shingles, straw are used for production.

The most popular Chinese metal tile made of cold-rolled galvanized steel. The material is durable, does not burn, does not deform. Can last up to 100 years.

Accessories and tools

To get a beautiful, high-quality roof, you need to use the right fasteners - screws, self-tapping screws, screws. It is also necessary to have at least a minimum set of tools for roofing.

To mount the roof, you will need tools such as:

• carpenter's hammer;
• a construction stapler for attaching a vapor barrier sheet;
• a medium-sized hacksaw with a blade length of up to 40 centimeters;
• construction cord for leveling the roof;
• contrasting color marker for marking;
• screwdriver with suitable nozzles;
• pliers.

How to make your own?

Since roofing does not require special equipment, they can be done independently.

Roofing works can be divided into three stages, namely:

• design;
• erection of the truss system;
• roofing.

At the design stage, the shape of the roof and the steepness of the slopes are determined.

The decisive factors will be:

• climatic conditions: a lot of snow and rain - the slope is steep, strong winds - on the contrary, gentle;
• type of roofing material. For example, when using shingles, the angle of inclination must be at least 22 degrees, because otherwise rainwater will seep through the joints.

The rafter system is the most important part of the roof and is a system of inclined rails called rafter legs, vertically arranged racks and inclined struts. Rafters provide roof stability, give reliability to the roof, redistribute the load on the entire building. The location of the elements of the truss system is directly related to the shape of the roof. A gable roof will have one truss system, a hip roof will have another.

At self erection roofs, you need to remember that even the smallest deviation from the technology of mounting rafters can result in a collapse of the roof.

After the truss structure is ready, they begin to mount the roofing pie, which is a multi-layer structure located directly under the roofing material. The roofing pie serves to protect the roof from moisture penetration, heat loss, and prevents condensation from forming.

It consists of the following elements:

• vapor barrier;
• insulation layer;
• waterproofing;
• counterlattice;
• ventilated space;
• crate;
• roofing material.

To properly mount roofing cake a certain algorithm of actions must be performed.

• From the side of the attic, a vapor barrier membrane film is attached to the rafters with a stapler, placing it with the outlet side inside the attic. The seams between the panels of the film are glued with adhesive tape. This is the first layer of the pie.
• The second layer is laid on top - this is a heater, which is better to choose according to the criterion "on fire - does not burn."
• The third layer is a waterproofing film, which covers the insulation on top. It is fixed with a stapler, the seams are glued with tape.
• At the next step, a counter-lattice is nailed to the rafters. A counter-lattice or counter-beam is a beam that provides roof ventilation. Thanks to the counter-lattice, a free space is formed between the insulation layer and the crate, allowing air to circulate freely.

• A crate is nailed to the counter-beam, that is, boards to which the roof will be attached. This takes into account the material of the roof: for shingles continuous flooring is required, for slate - sparse.
• Lay and fix the coating, using the instructions from the manufacturer.
• Auxiliary roofing structures are installed: snow retainers, gutters.

How to carry out the installation of the roof, see the following video.

• roofing material is chosen when designing the truss system;
• the choice of roofing material depends on the angle of inclination of the roof;
• a roof with two or four slopes can be covered with any roofing;
• when buying roofing materials, it is imperative to take installation instructions from the seller;
• tiles are used if the values ​​​​of the angle of inclination of the roof are in the range from 30 to 60 degrees;
• if the slope is an angle of 8 to 18 degrees, it is more advisable to use bituminous coatings;

• steel sheets must be painted every 10 years. The paint will protect the roof from corrosion;
• multi-gable roofs are covered with flexible coatings: corrugated board, bitumen, metal tiles;
• installation of metal tiles begins with the end of the roof. The first sheets are attached to the rafters with one self-tapping screw, screwed into the fold of the wave. This will ensure the mobility of the sheet and allow it to be leveled if necessary. The metal tile can be mounted at any time of the year;
• all types of slate are overlapped using a hinged mount;
• asbestos-cement slate is laid regardless of air temperature, while ondulin and PVC slate become brittle in frost;

• dry, warm weather is necessary for laying roll coatings;
• soft tiles begin to be laid from the eaves;
• before you start laying a roof of ceramic tiles, it will be useful to first practice. Tiles have a special locking system;
• elements of cement-sand tiles have ready-made holes for nails;
• before starting work, it is necessary to take care of fire-retardant and antiseptic impregnation of all wooden elements roofs.

General rules Roofing work is as follows:

• cutting is done on the ground. If, nevertheless, it became necessary to cut off the material, already being on the roof, then sawdust must be removed;
• before starting installation, it is necessary to examine the plane of the roof on which the material will be laid. It must have a flat and clean surface;
• work is performed in soft shoes to feel the surface;
• before the final fixing, it is impossible to step on the sheets;
• work begins with the processing of obstacles - chimneys, dormer windows;
• the coating elements are fixed using the fasteners recommended by the manufacturer.

By following the instructions and safety requirements attached to the material, you can create a beautiful, high-quality and durable roof with your own hands.

Beautiful examples in the exterior

When considering any building, a person first of all pays attention to its roof, or rather, to its visible part - the roof. The roof of the house, its appearance always remains the pride of its owner.

Properly selected roofing can become an adornment of even the most nondescript building.

• AT modern world cube-shaped houses are gaining great popularity. The cube house has a flat roof. It is not only beautiful and unusual, but also practical. On the flat roof you can arrange a recreation area with a terrace and a green lawn.
• A shed roof can become a decoration of a two- or three-story private house. With the right choice color solution unusual and interesting options are obtained.

• The asymmetric gable roof on a one-story or two-story private house looks original. The appearance of the building is immediately perceived differently.

There are many options for asymmetrical roofing:

1. Arrange the slopes at different angles.
2. Make slopes of different widths.
3. If the house has several floors, then lengthen one slope, turning it into a canopy.
4. Build a veranda under one of the slopes.

• The use of soft tiles as a coating surprisingly transforms a gable roof.
• The arrangement of viewing windows on the slopes of the roof gives the whole structure originality.

• Several look impressive different types roofs on the same building.

A gable roof is well combined with a hip roof:

1. The slope is located above the pediment. In addition to the original appearance, such constructive solution makes it possible to equip a room in the attic.
2. The slope is located under the pediment. Small windows located on the gables will decorate such a roof.

• Appearance mansard roof becomes more effective when changing the angle of the rafters.
• The decoration of the design of the house will be the device of a canopy over the balcony in the form of a sloping mansard roof.

To make the house extraordinary, memorable, unlike others, the right color combinations of facade and roofing allow:

• buildings always look harmonious if they have a facade of light gray, white or lemon color, and a green roof, or a cream facade under a brown roof;
• combinations of walls of blue, green, white color under a black or gray roof;
• if the buildings around are covered with brown and gray roofs, then the red roof will effectively distinguish the house from the crowd;
• a blue facade with gray or white elements under a gray roof looks elegant and modern;

• the classic combination is a dark top and a light bottom. The most common option. Light walls of the facade and contrasting color of the roof;
• tone-on-tone combination. The roof and walls of the same shade will give the building solidity and elegance;
• dark walls under a light roof. To prevent the roof from dissolving against the general background, it is necessary to repeat its color on windows, doors, gutters.

The choice of building and finishing materials during construction country house or a cottage must be done already at the design stage, and roofing for a roof is no exception. The market offers a huge selection of products that differ in composition, physical and mechanical properties, appearance and cost. Before buying, it is advisable to compare the advantages and disadvantages various materials, calculate the price and installation costs, as well as take into account the nuances of the building project itself (purpose, number of storeys, form roof structure etc.).

Popular types of materials for the roof Source liveposts.ru

What to consider when choosing

Before buying roofing products, you need to pay attention to the following points:

Strength. The finished coating should be as resistant to snow and wind loads as possible.

Weight. Roofing material should not create excessive load on the rafters and foundation of the house. For this reason, soft roofing, ondulin are usually chosen for light buildings on a pile foundation, and any kind of product is suitable for houses on a strip or slab foundation, including natural tiles, the mass of which is the largest.

Life time. For cottages, they usually purchase material that retains properties for at least 50 years, and for country houses and extensions - varieties that are more affordable, but serve less (15-25 years).

Security. Quality products should not contain toxic substances.

Another factor to consider when choosing the type of roofing for a roof is price: in Moscow for 1 sq. m will have to pay an average of 500-900 rubles. The most accessible types are profiled sheet, slate and soft roof, composite and ceramic tiles are the most expensive.

The roof of a residential building is an important element of its appearance. Source stroicod.ru

Also, when buying roofing building materials, it is necessary to take into account the purpose of the house (for permanent, temporary, seasonal residence), the shape of the roof (flat, gable, multi-pitched, asymmetrical, domed, etc.). It is necessary to pay attention to the compatibility of the shade of the product with colors future structure: this is especially important for residential buildings and cottages, which should not only be comfortable and reliable, but also aesthetically attractive.

Metal roofing: types, pros and cons, cost

Metal roofing is a great success and combines practicality with affordability and relatively quick installation. Such materials can last 15-20 years, withstand heavy loads, but are subject to icing, require careful insulation, and due to low sound insulation during rain or hail on the upper floors it will be too uncomfortable.

Metal materials: 1 - metal tile, 2 - corrugated board, 3 - seam roof Source tr.skopelitissa.com

Today on the market you can find the following types:

metal tile. It is made of galvanized steel, the outer side imitates the design of natural tiles. Pros - high strength, the possibility of laying on the old coating, fire safety, a large selection of colors. Cons - high thermal conductivity, noise during rain. Price per square meter- 300-600 rubles.

profiled sheet. These are corrugated sheets, they are attached to the crate with the help of special self-tapping screws. The quality of the profiled sheet does not differ from the metal tile, its appearance is less aesthetic, but the cost is 250-350 rubles per meter.

seam roof. It was named after the type of connection - the fold: the element has a snap-on design. This roofing material is reliable, looks more aesthetically pleasing. The cost of a folded roof per meter is 500-700 rubles.

natural tile

If it is planned to build a block, brick house for permanent residence, the budget allows you to purchase more expensive material, you can pay attention to the tiles.

Roofing made of natural tiles looks the most aesthetically pleasing Source krovlyaregion.ru

There are several varieties of this product on the market, which differ in composition, properties and price. The most common ceramic tile, which is made from clay by firing at high temperature in special ovens. The coating is resistant to mechanical and climatic influences, does not fade in the sun, has a high refractoriness, retains an ideal appearance for 100-150 years. However, ceramic tiles can only be installed if the truss system is designed for a heavy load: the material is too heavy. The cost of production starts from 1500-1700 rubles.

To decorate a cottage in a traditional European style, you can choose slate tiles, which have been known since the Middle Ages and are suitable for facing roofs of all shapes and sizes. Natural slate has excellent thermal insulation performance, does not create noise during rain and hail, does not crack from external influences and does not fade in the sun. The service life is 150-200 years. The price of such products is about 400-600 rubles per tile.

Slate coating looks very unusual Source rmnt.mirtesen.ru

Another popular variety is cement-sand tiles for the roof. Such products are practically indistinguishable from the ceramic counterpart, have the same pros and cons, except for the service life: it varies between 80-100 years. In addition, this variety is cheaper: the price per square meter is 400-500 rubles. The material is suitable for pitched roofs with a slope of 20-60 degrees, for steeper surfaces additional waterproofing will be required.

Varieties of soft roofing

Flexible roofing materials are considered very popular: they are versatile and, due to their low weight, are suitable for any building, whether it is a brick cottage or a summerhouse. The flexible roof is resistant to temperature extremes, easy to install, has high sound insulation rates, and is safe. Average term service is 15-17 years, subject to proper installation. One of the most popular varieties is the built-up roof. This product most often has a black color, but on sale you can also find options with basalt dressing in different shades. The cost of a roll varies between 700-1200 rubles.

Another variety is soft tiles: it imitates the design of a ceramic counterpart and has a multilayer structure. The base is made of fiberglass or polyester, covered with a bituminous composition, the substrate and mineral dressing (top layer) go on top. There are the following types of roofing of this type:

Tiling class A. It has a high level of fire safety, retains its properties and appearance for at least 20 years.

Tiling class C. Roofing cardboard acts as a basis, wear resistance is less high. Service life does not exceed 15-20 years.

Manufacturers offer such material with different forms elements, from rectangles to shingles imitation. The cost is 250-450 rubles per square meter, depending on the manufacturer, design and composition.

Other products

The range is not limited to the materials mentioned above, customers can choose and buy other types of roofing. Among them there are modern options(for example, composite products), and traditional types of coatings.

Other types of roofing: 1 - composite tiles, 2 - slate, 3 - ondulin Source tr.skopelitissa.com

So, for example, in the last 5-7 years, composite tiles have become increasingly popular. It has a steel base with an aluzinc coating and basalt dressing, it is distinguished by increased strength, a variety of shades, long-term operation (more than 100 years), excellent heat and sound insulation. Such material weighs less than natural analogues, does not fade in the sun, and is relatively inexpensive - 500-700 rubles per square meter.

Video description

About the types and properties of the roof in the video:

Another popular coating is ondulin, or euroslate. It is made from polymer-impregnated cellulose fibers, the sheets have a corrugated structure. Products are lightweight, practical, easy to transport and install, the cost of a sheet is 500-650 rubles. The closest analogue is the classic asbestos-cement slate, which is heavier, more fragile, requires regular maintenance and thorough waterproofing, but costs less - 200-250 rubles apiece. Most often, slate roofs are placed on non-residential buildings and extensions.

The right choice of material is the key to a beautiful and reliable roofing Source roomester.ru

On our website you can find contacts construction companies, which offer a turnkey roof design and repair service. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

Conclusion

Before construction country house or a cottage, it is important to study what roofing materials for the roof are, types and prices for them. On the market you can find both natural and artificial varieties in any price segment, from economy level to premium class. The choice should be made taking into account design features future building, own aesthetic preferences and budget.

home » Soft roof » What are the roofing materials. Overview of existing roof types and materials - brief characteristics